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Commit | Line | Data |
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7984eabe | 1 | git(7) |
2cf565c5 | 2 | ====== |
6c84e2e0 | 3 | May 2005 |
2cf565c5 DG |
4 | |
5 | NAME | |
6 | ---- | |
7 | git - the stupid content tracker | |
8 | ||
9 | ||
10 | SYNOPSIS | |
11 | -------- | |
12 | 'git-<command>' <args> | |
13 | ||
14 | DESCRIPTION | |
15 | ----------- | |
16 | ||
17 | This is reference information for the core git commands. | |
18 | ||
6c84e2e0 DG |
19 | The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and |
20 | clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest | |
21 | reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and | |
22 | link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had! | |
2cf565c5 DG |
23 | |
24 | David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com> | |
25 | 08/05/05 | |
26 | ||
27 | Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to | |
28 | reflect recent changes. | |
29 | ||
30 | Commands Overview | |
31 | ----------------- | |
32 | The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate | |
2f2de9b4 JH |
33 | the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that |
34 | interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and | |
35 | references between repositories. | |
2cf565c5 | 36 | |
204ee6a9 DG |
37 | There are also some ancilliary programs that can be viewed as useful |
38 | aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by | |
39 | SCMs layered over git. | |
40 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
41 | Manipulation commands |
42 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
2cf565c5 DG |
43 | link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]:: |
44 | Copy files from the cache to the working directory | |
45 | ||
46 | link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]:: | |
47 | Creates a new commit object | |
48 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
49 | link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]:: |
50 | Creates an empty git object database | |
51 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
52 | link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]:: |
53 | Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge | |
54 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
55 | link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]:: |
56 | Creates a tag object | |
57 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
58 | link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]:: |
59 | Reads tree information into the directory cache | |
60 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
61 | link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]:: |
62 | Modifies the index or directory cache | |
63 | ||
7672db20 BL |
64 | link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]:: |
65 | Computes the object ID from a file. | |
2cf565c5 DG |
66 | |
67 | link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]:: | |
68 | Creates a tree from the current cache | |
69 | ||
70 | Interrogation commands | |
71 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
72 | link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]:: | |
73 | Provide content or type information for repository objects | |
74 | ||
75 | link:git-check-files.html[git-check-files]:: | |
76 | Verify a list of files are up-to-date | |
77 | ||
78 | link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]:: | |
79 | Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository | |
80 | ||
81 | link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]:: | |
82 | Compares files in the working tree and the cache | |
83 | ||
84 | link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]:: | |
85 | Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects | |
86 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
87 | link:git-export.html[git-export]:: |
88 | Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents | |
89 | ||
90 | link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]:: | |
91 | Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database | |
92 | ||
93 | link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]:: | |
94 | Information about files in the cache/working directory | |
95 | ||
96 | link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]:: | |
97 | Displays a tree object in human readable form | |
98 | ||
99 | link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]:: | |
100 | Runs a merge for files needing merging | |
101 | ||
102 | link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]:: | |
103 | Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order | |
104 | ||
105 | link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]:: | |
106 | Provides the revision tree for one or more commits | |
107 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
108 | link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]:: |
109 | Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree | |
110 | ||
111 | link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]:: | |
112 | Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents | |
113 | ||
aed022ab EB |
114 | link:git-var.html[git-var]:: |
115 | Displays a git logical variable | |
116 | ||
f9253394 JH |
117 | link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]:: |
118 | Validates packed GIT archive files | |
119 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
120 | The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to |
121 | touch the working file set - but in general they don't | |
122 | ||
123 | ||
6ec311da JH |
124 | link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]:: |
125 | Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface) | |
126 | ||
127 | link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]:: | |
128 | Clones a repository into the current repository (engine | |
129 | for ssh and local transport) | |
130 | ||
2f2de9b4 JH |
131 | link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]:: |
132 | Pull from a repote repository via various protocols | |
133 | (user interface). | |
134 | ||
204ee6a9 DG |
135 | link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]:: |
136 | Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP | |
137 | ||
138 | link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]:: | |
139 | Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system | |
140 | ||
2f2de9b4 JH |
141 | link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]:: |
142 | Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection | |
143 | ||
144 | link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]:: | |
145 | Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently. | |
146 | ||
147 | link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]:: | |
148 | Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it. | |
149 | ||
150 | link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]:: | |
151 | Clones from a remote repository. | |
152 | ||
153 | link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]:: | |
154 | Updates from a remote repository. | |
155 | ||
156 | link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]:: | |
157 | Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push | |
158 | what are asked for. | |
159 | ||
160 | ||
161 | Ancilliary Commands | |
162 | ------------------- | |
163 | Manipulators: | |
164 | ||
165 | link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]:: | |
166 | Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-* | |
167 | ||
168 | link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]:: | |
169 | Converts old-style GIT repository | |
170 | ||
204ee6a9 DG |
171 | link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]:: |
172 | The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache" | |
173 | ||
204ee6a9 DG |
174 | link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]:: |
175 | Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database | |
176 | ||
177 | link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]:: | |
178 | Script used to merge two trees | |
179 | ||
180 | link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]:: | |
181 | An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG | |
182 | ||
204ee6a9 DG |
183 | |
184 | Interogators: | |
185 | ||
99665af5 | 186 | link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]:: |
204ee6a9 DG |
187 | Generates patch format output for git-diff-* |
188 | ||
418aaf84 JH |
189 | link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]:: |
190 | Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull | |
204ee6a9 DG |
191 | |
192 | ||
193 | ||
6c84e2e0 | 194 | Identifier Terminology |
2cf565c5 DG |
195 | ---------------------- |
196 | <object>:: | |
6c84e2e0 | 197 | Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object |
2cf565c5 DG |
198 | |
199 | <blob>:: | |
200 | Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier | |
201 | ||
202 | <tree>:: | |
203 | Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier | |
204 | ||
205 | <commit>:: | |
206 | Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier | |
207 | ||
208 | <tree-ish>:: | |
6c84e2e0 DG |
209 | Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier. A |
210 | command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to | |
211 | operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences | |
212 | <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. | |
2cf565c5 DG |
213 | |
214 | <type>:: | |
215 | Indicates that an object type is required. | |
216 | Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag | |
217 | ||
218 | <file>:: | |
219 | Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of | |
220 | the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes. | |
221 | ||
c1bdacf9 DG |
222 | Symbolic Identifiers |
223 | -------------------- | |
6c84e2e0 DG |
224 | Any git comand accepting any <object> can also use the following |
225 | symbolic notation: | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
226 | |
227 | HEAD:: | |
6c84e2e0 DG |
228 | indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of |
229 | `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`) | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
230 | <tag>:: |
231 | a valid tag 'name'+ | |
232 | (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`) | |
233 | <head>:: | |
234 | a valid head 'name'+ | |
235 | (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`) | |
236 | <snap>:: | |
237 | a valid snapshot 'name'+ | |
238 | (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`) | |
239 | ||
240 | ||
241 | File/Directory Structure | |
242 | ------------------------ | |
243 | The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory: | |
244 | ||
245 | .git/ The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR) | |
246 | objects/ The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY) | |
2f2de9b4 JH |
247 | ??/ 'First 2 chars of object' directories. |
248 | pack/ Packed archives. | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
249 | |
250 | refs/ Directories containing symbolic names for objects | |
251 | (each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline) | |
252 | heads/ Commits which are heads of various sorts | |
253 | tags/ Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it) | |
2f2de9b4 JH |
254 | */ Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store |
255 | files similar to what are under refs/heads/. | |
256 | HEAD Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name> | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
257 | |
258 | Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the | |
259 | GIT_DIR. | |
260 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
261 | Terminology |
262 | ----------- | |
6c84e2e0 | 263 | Each line contains terms which you may see used interchangeably |
2cf565c5 DG |
264 | |
265 | object database, .git directory | |
266 | directory cache, index | |
267 | id, sha1, sha1-id, sha1 hash | |
268 | type, tag | |
2cf565c5 DG |
269 | |
270 | ||
271 | Environment Variables | |
272 | --------------------- | |
273 | Various git commands use the following environment variables: | |
274 | ||
c1bdacf9 DG |
275 | The git Repository |
276 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
277 | These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it | |
278 | is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above | |
279 | git so take care if using Cogito etc | |
280 | ||
281 | 'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: | |
282 | This environment allows the specification of an alternate | |
283 | cache/index file. If not specified, the default of | |
284 | `$GIT_DIR/index` is used. | |
285 | ||
286 | 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: | |
287 | If the object storage directory is specified via this | |
288 | environment variable then the sha1 directories are created | |
289 | underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` | |
290 | directory is used. | |
291 | ||
292 | 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: | |
293 | Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be | |
294 | archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable | |
295 | specifies a ":" seperated list of git object directories which | |
296 | can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be | |
297 | written to these directories. | |
298 | ||
299 | 'GIT_DIR':: | |
300 | If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies | |
301 | a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the | |
302 | repository. | |
303 | ||
304 | git Commits | |
305 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
306 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: | |
307 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: | |
308 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE':: | |
309 | 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME':: | |
310 | 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL':: | |
311 | see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree] | |
312 | ||
313 | git Diffs | |
314 | ~~~~~~~~~ | |
d81ed1b5 JH |
315 | 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: |
316 | 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
317 | see the "generating patches" section in : |
318 | link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]; | |
319 | link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]; | |
320 | link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree] | |
2cf565c5 | 321 | |
6c84e2e0 DG |
322 | Discussion |
323 | ---------- | |
324 | include::../README[] | |
325 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
326 | Author |
327 | ------ | |
6c84e2e0 | 328 | Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
2cf565c5 DG |
329 | |
330 | Documentation | |
331 | -------------- | |
332 | Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. | |
333 | ||
334 | GIT | |
335 | --- | |
336 | Part of the link:git.html[git] suite | |
337 |