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37c41ab1
CR
6220000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6230000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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6290000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
630cleartomark
45c0f7f8 631{restore}if
37c41ab1
CR
632%%EndFont
633%%BeginFont: CMR9
45c0f7f8
CR
634%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR9 003.002
635%%Title: CMR9
636%Version: 003.002
637%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
638%%Creator: David M. Jones
639%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
640%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR9.
641% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
642% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
643% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
644%%EndComments
645FontDirectory/CMR9 known{/CMR9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
646/UniqueID get 5000792 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
647{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 64811 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
649/FontType 1 def
650/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
651/FontName /CMR9 def
652/FontBBox {-39 -250 1036 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
653/PaintType 0 def
654/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
655/version (003.002) readonly def
656/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR9.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
657/FullName (CMR9) readonly def
658/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
659/Weight (Medium) readonly def
660/ItalicAngle 0 def
661/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
662/UnderlinePosition -100 def
663/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 664end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
665/Encoding 256 array
6660 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
667dup 12 /fi put
668dup 44 /comma put
669dup 48 /zero put
670dup 49 /one put
671dup 50 /two put
672dup 51 /three put
673dup 52 /four put
674dup 53 /five put
675dup 54 /six put
676dup 55 /seven put
677dup 56 /eight put
678dup 57 /nine put
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680dup 66 /B put
681dup 68 /D put
d3ad40de
CR
682dup 72 /H put
683dup 73 /I put
d3ad40de
CR
684dup 77 /M put
685dup 78 /N put
686dup 79 /O put
687dup 80 /P put
688dup 82 /R put
689dup 83 /S put
d3ad40de
CR
690dup 88 /X put
691dup 97 /a put
692dup 98 /b put
693dup 99 /c put
694dup 100 /d put
695dup 101 /e put
696dup 102 /f put
697dup 103 /g put
698dup 104 /h put
699dup 105 /i put
700dup 106 /j put
701dup 107 /k put
702dup 108 /l put
703dup 109 /m put
704dup 110 /n put
705dup 111 /o put
706dup 112 /p put
707dup 113 /q put
708dup 114 /r put
709dup 115 /s put
710dup 116 /t put
711dup 117 /u put
712dup 118 /v put
713dup 119 /w put
714dup 120 /x put
715dup 121 /y put
716dup 122 /z put
37c41ab1 717readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
718currentdict end
719currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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37c41ab1
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12410000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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1248cleartomark
45c0f7f8 1249{restore}if
37c41ab1 1250%%EndFont
c302751c 1251%%BeginFont: CMMI9
45c0f7f8
CR
1252%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI9 003.002
1253%%Title: CMMI9
1254%Version: 003.002
1255%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1256%%Creator: David M. Jones
1257%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1258%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.
1259% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1260% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1261% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1262%%EndComments
1263FontDirectory/CMMI9 known{/CMMI9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
1264/UniqueID get 5087384 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
1265{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 126611 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
1267/FontType 1 def
1268/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
1269/FontName /CMMI9 def
1270/FontBBox {-29 -250 1075 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
1271/PaintType 0 def
1272/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
1273/version (003.002) readonly def
1274/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.) readonly def
c302751c 1275/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1276/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1277/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1278/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
1279/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
1280/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1281/UnderlineThickness 50 def
1282/ascent 750 def
37c41ab1 1283end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1284/Encoding 256 array
12850 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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37c41ab1 1287readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1288currentdict end
1289currentfile eexec
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37c41ab1
CR
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14760000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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1483cleartomark
45c0f7f8 1484{restore}if
37c41ab1
CR
1485%%EndFont
1486%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
1487%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSLTT10 003.002
1488%%Title: CMSLTT10
1489%Version: 003.002
1490%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1491%%Creator: David M. Jones
1492%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1493%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.
1494% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1495% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1496% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1497%%EndComments
1498FontDirectory/CMSLTT10 known{/CMSLTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
1499/UniqueID get 5000800 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
1500{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 150111 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
1502/FontType 1 def
1503/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
1504/FontName /CMSLTT10 def
1505/FontBBox {-20 -233 617 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
1506/PaintType 0 def
1507/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
1508/version (003.002) readonly def
1509/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1510/FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
1511/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1512/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1513/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
1514/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
1515/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1516/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 1517end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1518/Encoding 256 array
15190 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de 1520dup 39 /quoteright put
d3ad40de
CR
1521dup 45 /hyphen put
1522dup 48 /zero put
1523dup 49 /one put
1524dup 50 /two put
1525dup 51 /three put
1526dup 58 /colon put
1527dup 65 /A put
1528dup 67 /C put
1529dup 68 /D put
1530dup 69 /E put
1531dup 70 /F put
1532dup 72 /H put
1533dup 73 /I put
1534dup 74 /J put
1535dup 76 /L put
1536dup 77 /M put
1537dup 78 /N put
1538dup 80 /P put
1539dup 82 /R put
1540dup 84 /T put
1541dup 88 /X put
1542dup 92 /backslash put
1543dup 95 /underscore put
1544dup 97 /a put
1545dup 98 /b put
1546dup 99 /c put
1547dup 100 /d put
1548dup 101 /e put
1549dup 102 /f put
1550dup 103 /g put
1551dup 104 /h put
1552dup 105 /i put
1553dup 106 /j put
1554dup 107 /k put
1555dup 108 /l put
1556dup 109 /m put
1557dup 110 /n put
1558dup 111 /o put
1559dup 112 /p put
1560dup 113 /q put
1561dup 114 /r put
1562dup 115 /s put
1563dup 116 /t put
1564dup 117 /u put
1565dup 118 /v put
1566dup 119 /w put
1567dup 120 /x put
1568dup 121 /y put
37c41ab1 1569readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1570currentdict end
1571currentfile eexec
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1977F92B455E8085D77F48ECE5FE9F27FA91379C939919E78B60A54E235B0936B3F0
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1986A5B6A39E
37c41ab1
CR
19870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19880000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19890000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19910000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19920000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19930000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
19940000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1995cleartomark
45c0f7f8 1996{restore}if
37c41ab1
CR
1997%%EndFont
1998%%BeginFont: CMTT9
45c0f7f8
CR
1999%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT9 003.002
2000%%Title: CMTT9
2001%Version: 003.002
2002%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
2003%%Creator: David M. Jones
2004%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
2005%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.
2006% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
2007% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
2008% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
2009%%EndComments
2010FontDirectory/CMTT9 known{/CMTT9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
2011/UniqueID get 5000831 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
2012{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 201311 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
2014/FontType 1 def
2015/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
2016/FontName /CMTT9 def
2017/FontBBox {-6 -233 542 698 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
2018/PaintType 0 def
2019/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
2020/version (003.002) readonly def
2021/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2022/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
2023/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2024/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2025/ItalicAngle 0 def
2026/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
2027/UnderlinePosition -100 def
2028/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 2029end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2030/Encoding 256 array
20310 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
2032dup 33 /exclam put
2033dup 35 /numbersign put
2034dup 36 /dollar put
2035dup 38 /ampersand put
2036dup 39 /quoteright put
2037dup 40 /parenleft put
2038dup 41 /parenright put
2039dup 42 /asterisk put
2040dup 44 /comma put
2041dup 45 /hyphen put
2042dup 46 /period put
2043dup 47 /slash put
2044dup 48 /zero put
2045dup 49 /one put
2046dup 50 /two put
2047dup 51 /three put
2048dup 52 /four put
2049dup 58 /colon put
2050dup 59 /semicolon put
2051dup 60 /less put
2052dup 62 /greater put
2053dup 63 /question put
2054dup 64 /at put
2055dup 65 /A put
2056dup 66 /B put
2057dup 67 /C put
2058dup 68 /D put
2059dup 69 /E put
2060dup 70 /F put
2061dup 71 /G put
2062dup 72 /H put
2063dup 73 /I put
2064dup 75 /K put
2065dup 76 /L put
2066dup 77 /M put
2067dup 78 /N put
2068dup 79 /O put
2069dup 80 /P put
2070dup 82 /R put
2071dup 83 /S put
2072dup 84 /T put
2073dup 85 /U put
2074dup 86 /V put
2075dup 87 /W put
2076dup 88 /X put
2077dup 89 /Y put
2078dup 90 /Z put
2079dup 91 /bracketleft put
2080dup 93 /bracketright put
2081dup 94 /asciicircum put
2082dup 95 /underscore put
2083dup 96 /quoteleft put
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2085dup 98 /b put
2086dup 99 /c put
2087dup 100 /d put
2088dup 101 /e put
2089dup 102 /f put
2090dup 103 /g put
2091dup 104 /h put
2092dup 105 /i put
2093dup 106 /j put
2094dup 107 /k put
2095dup 108 /l put
2096dup 109 /m put
2097dup 110 /n put
2098dup 111 /o put
2099dup 112 /p put
2100dup 113 /q put
2101dup 114 /r put
2102dup 115 /s put
2103dup 116 /t put
2104dup 117 /u put
2105dup 118 /v put
2106dup 119 /w put
2107dup 120 /x put
2108dup 121 /y put
2109dup 122 /z put
2110dup 123 /braceleft put
2111dup 125 /braceright put
2112dup 126 /asciitilde put
37c41ab1 2113readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2114currentdict end
2115currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
26620000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26630000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26640000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26650000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26660000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26670000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26680000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
26690000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2670cleartomark
45c0f7f8 2671{restore}if
37c41ab1 2672%%EndFont
c302751c 2673%%BeginFont: CMR10
45c0f7f8
CR
2674%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR10 003.002
2675%%Title: CMR10
2676%Version: 003.002
2677%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
2678%%Creator: David M. Jones
2679%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
2680%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR10.
2681% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
2682% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
2683% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
2684%%EndComments
2685FontDirectory/CMR10 known{/CMR10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
2686/UniqueID get 5000793 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
2687{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 268811 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
2689/FontType 1 def
2690/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
2691/FontName /CMR10 def
2692/FontBBox {-40 -250 1009 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
2693/PaintType 0 def
2694/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
2695/version (003.002) readonly def
2696/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR10.) readonly def
c302751c 2697/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2698/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2699/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2700/ItalicAngle 0 def
2701/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
2702/UnderlinePosition -100 def
2703/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 2704end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2705/Encoding 256 array
27060 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
2707dup 11 /ff put
2708dup 12 /fi put
c302751c
CR
2709dup 13 /fl put
2710dup 14 /ffi put
d3ad40de 2711dup 33 /exclam put
c302751c 2712dup 34 /quotedblright put
6e51e0d0 2713dup 35 /numbersign put
d3ad40de 2714dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c 2715dup 37 /percent put
a8fd3f3e 2716dup 38 /ampersand put
d3ad40de 2717dup 39 /quoteright put
c302751c
CR
2718dup 40 /parenleft put
2719dup 41 /parenright put
9f178efb 2720dup 42 /asterisk put
d3ad40de
CR
2721dup 44 /comma put
2722dup 45 /hyphen put
2723dup 46 /period put
c302751c 2724dup 47 /slash put
d3ad40de
CR
2725dup 48 /zero put
2726dup 49 /one put
2727dup 50 /two put
2728dup 51 /three put
2729dup 52 /four put
2730dup 53 /five put
2731dup 54 /six put
2732dup 55 /seven put
2733dup 56 /eight put
2734dup 57 /nine put
2735dup 58 /colon put
c302751c
CR
2736dup 59 /semicolon put
2737dup 61 /equal put
d3ad40de 2738dup 63 /question put
6e51e0d0 2739dup 64 /at put
d3ad40de
CR
2740dup 65 /A put
2741dup 66 /B put
2742dup 67 /C put
2743dup 68 /D put
2744dup 69 /E put
2745dup 70 /F put
2746dup 71 /G put
2747dup 72 /H put
2748dup 73 /I put
2749dup 74 /J put
2750dup 75 /K put
2751dup 76 /L put
2752dup 77 /M put
2753dup 78 /N put
2754dup 79 /O put
2755dup 80 /P put
2756dup 81 /Q put
2757dup 82 /R put
2758dup 83 /S put
2759dup 84 /T put
2760dup 85 /U put
2761dup 86 /V put
2762dup 87 /W put
2763dup 88 /X put
2764dup 89 /Y put
c302751c 2765dup 90 /Z put
d3ad40de 2766dup 91 /bracketleft put
c302751c 2767dup 92 /quotedblleft put
d3ad40de
CR
2768dup 93 /bracketright put
2769dup 96 /quoteleft put
2770dup 97 /a put
2771dup 98 /b put
2772dup 99 /c put
2773dup 100 /d put
2774dup 101 /e put
2775dup 102 /f put
2776dup 103 /g put
2777dup 104 /h put
2778dup 105 /i put
2779dup 106 /j put
2780dup 107 /k put
2781dup 108 /l put
2782dup 109 /m put
2783dup 110 /n put
2784dup 111 /o put
2785dup 112 /p put
2786dup 113 /q put
2787dup 114 /r put
2788dup 115 /s put
2789dup 116 /t put
2790dup 117 /u put
2791dup 118 /v put
2792dup 119 /w put
2793dup 120 /x put
2794dup 121 /y put
c302751c
CR
2795dup 122 /z put
2796dup 123 /endash put
2797dup 124 /emdash put
37c41ab1 2798readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2799currentdict end
2800currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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6e51e0d0
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37c41ab1
CR
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3598cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3599{restore}if
37c41ab1 3600%%EndFont
c302751c 3601%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
45c0f7f8
CR
3602%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMCSC10 003.002
3603%%Title: CMCSC10
3604%Version: 003.002
3605%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3606%%Creator: David M. Jones
3607%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3608%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.
3609% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3610% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3611% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3612%%EndComments
3613FontDirectory/CMCSC10 known{/CMCSC10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3614/UniqueID get 5087402 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3615{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 361611 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
3617/FontType 1 def
3618/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3619/FontName /CMCSC10 def
3620/FontBBox {14 -250 1077 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
3621/PaintType 0 def
3622/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
3623/version (003.002) readonly def
3624/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
3625/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
3626/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3627/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3628/ItalicAngle 0 def
3629/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
3630/UnderlinePosition -100 def
3631/UnderlineThickness 50 def
3632/ascent 750 def
c302751c 3633end readonly def
c302751c
CR
3634/Encoding 256 array
36350 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3636dup 45 /hyphen put
3637dup 47 /slash put
3638dup 50 /two put
3639dup 97 /a put
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3641dup 99 /c put
3642dup 100 /d put
3643dup 101 /e put
3644dup 102 /f put
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3651dup 112 /p put
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3654dup 117 /u put
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3656readonly def
c302751c
CR
3657currentdict end
3658currentfile eexec
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3968cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3969{restore}if
c302751c 3970%%EndFont
037a8b7f
CR
3971%%BeginFont: CMTT12
3972%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT12 003.002
3973%%Title: CMTT12
3974%Version: 003.002
3975%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3976%%Creator: David M. Jones
3977%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3978%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.
3979% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3980% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3981% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3982%%EndComments
3983FontDirectory/CMTT12 known{/CMTT12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3984/UniqueID get 5000833 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3985{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
398611 dict begin
3987/FontType 1 def
3988/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3989/FontName /CMTT12 def
3990/FontBBox {-1 -234 524 695 }readonly def
3991/PaintType 0 def
3992/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
3993/version (003.002) readonly def
3994/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.) readonly def
3995/FullName (CMTT12) readonly def
3996/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3997/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3998/ItalicAngle 0 def
3999/isFixedPitch true def
4000/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4001/UnderlineThickness 50 def
4002end readonly def
4003/Encoding 256 array
40040 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4005dup 45 /hyphen put
4006dup 103 /g put
4007dup 104 /h put
4008dup 105 /i put
4009dup 108 /l put
4010dup 110 /n put
4011dup 111 /o put
4012dup 115 /s put
4013readonly def
4014currentdict end
4015currentfile eexec
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4098{restore}if
4099%%EndFont
6e51e0d0
CR
4100%%BeginFont: SFRM1095
4101%!FontType1-1.0: SFRM1095 0.3
4102%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 12 2001
4103% Copyright (c) 2001 Vladimir Volovich <vvv@vsu.ru>.
4104% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
4105% Converted from METAFONT EC/TC and LH fonts:
4106% ecrm1095, tcrm1095, larm1095, lbrm1095, lcrm1095, rxrm1095.
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4115end readonly def
4116/FontName /SFRM1095 def
4117/Encoding StandardEncoding def
4118/PaintType 0 def
4119/FontType 1 def
4120/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] def
4121/FontBBox{-188 -320 1445 942}readonly def
4122currentdict end
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4360cleartomark
4361%%EndFont
c302751c 4362%%BeginFont: CMBX12
45c0f7f8
CR
4363%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMBX12 003.002
4364%%Title: CMBX12
4365%Version: 003.002
4366%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
4367%%Creator: David M. Jones
4368%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
4369%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.
4370% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
4371% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
4372% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
4373%%EndComments
4374FontDirectory/CMBX12 known{/CMBX12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
4375/UniqueID get 5000769 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
4376{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 437711 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
4378/FontType 1 def
4379/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
4380/FontName /CMBX12 def
4381/FontBBox {-53 -251 1139 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
4382/PaintType 0 def
4383/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
4384/version (003.002) readonly def
4385/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
4386/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
4387/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
4388/Weight (Bold) readonly def
4389/ItalicAngle 0 def
4390/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
4391/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4392/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 4393end readonly def
c302751c
CR
4394/Encoding 256 array
43950 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4396dup 11 /ff put
4397dup 12 /fi put
4398dup 33 /exclam put
4399dup 35 /numbersign put
4400dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c
CR
4401dup 42 /asterisk put
4402dup 44 /comma put
4403dup 45 /hyphen put
4404dup 46 /period put
4405dup 48 /zero put
4406dup 49 /one put
4407dup 50 /two put
4408dup 51 /three put
4409dup 52 /four put
4410dup 53 /five put
4411dup 54 /six put
4412dup 55 /seven put
4413dup 56 /eight put
4414dup 57 /nine put
4415dup 58 /colon put
4416dup 63 /question put
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4418dup 65 /A put
4419dup 66 /B put
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4434dup 81 /Q put
4435dup 82 /R put
4436dup 83 /S put
4437dup 84 /T put
4438dup 85 /U put
4439dup 86 /V put
4440dup 87 /W put
4441dup 88 /X put
4442dup 89 /Y put
4443dup 91 /bracketleft put
4444dup 93 /bracketright put
c302751c
CR
4445dup 97 /a put
4446dup 98 /b put
4447dup 99 /c put
4448dup 100 /d put
4449dup 101 /e put
4450dup 102 /f put
4451dup 103 /g put
4452dup 104 /h put
4453dup 105 /i put
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4455dup 107 /k put
4456dup 108 /l put
4457dup 109 /m put
4458dup 110 /n put
4459dup 111 /o put
4460dup 112 /p put
4461dup 113 /q put
4462dup 114 /r put
4463dup 115 /s put
4464dup 116 /t put
4465dup 117 /u put
4466dup 118 /v put
4467dup 119 /w put
4468dup 120 /x put
4469dup 121 /y put
037a8b7f 4470dup 123 /endash put
c302751c 4471readonly def
c302751c
CR
4472currentdict end
4473currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
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c302751c
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5088cleartomark
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c302751c
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5090%%EndFont
5091%%BeginFont: CMTI10
45c0f7f8
CR
5092%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTI10 003.002
5093%%Title: CMTI10
5094%Version: 003.002
5095%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5096%%Creator: David M. Jones
5097%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5098%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.
5099% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5100% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5101% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5102%%EndComments
5103FontDirectory/CMTI10 known{/CMTI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5104/UniqueID get 5000828 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
5105{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 510611 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5107/FontType 1 def
5108/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
5109/FontName /CMTI10 def
5110/FontBBox {-35 -250 1124 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
5111/PaintType 0 def
5112/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
5113/version (003.002) readonly def
5114/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5115/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
5116/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5117/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5118/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5119/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
5120/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5121/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 5122end readonly def
c302751c
CR
5123/Encoding 256 array
51240 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
5125dup 12 /fi put
5126dup 45 /hyphen put
5127dup 97 /a put
5128dup 99 /c put
5129dup 100 /d put
5130dup 101 /e put
5131dup 103 /g put
5132dup 105 /i put
5133dup 108 /l put
5134dup 109 /m put
5135dup 110 /n put
5136dup 111 /o put
5137dup 112 /p put
5138dup 114 /r put
5139dup 115 /s put
5140dup 116 /t put
5141dup 118 /v put
5142dup 120 /x put
5143readonly def
c302751c
CR
5144currentdict end
5145currentfile eexec
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CR
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5476cleartomark
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5478%%EndFont
5479%%BeginFont: CMMI10
45c0f7f8
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5480%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI10 003.002
5481%%Title: CMMI10
5482%Version: 003.002
5483%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5484%%Creator: David M. Jones
5485%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5486%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.
5487% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5488% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5489% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5490%%EndComments
5491FontDirectory/CMMI10 known{/CMMI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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c302751c 549411 dict begin
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5495/FontType 1 def
5496/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
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5498/FontBBox {-32 -250 1048 750 }readonly def
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5499/PaintType 0 def
5500/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
5501/version (003.002) readonly def
5502/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5503/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
5504/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5505/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5506/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5507/isFixedPitch false def
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5508/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5509/UnderlineThickness 50 def
5510/ascent 750 def
c302751c 5511end readonly def
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5512/Encoding 256 array
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5515readonly def
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5516currentdict end
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5711cleartomark
45c0f7f8 5712{restore}if
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5713%%EndFont
5714%%BeginFont: CMMI12
45c0f7f8
CR
5715%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI12 003.002
5716%%Title: CMMI12
5717%Version: 003.002
5718%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5719%%Creator: David M. Jones
5720%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5721%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.
5722% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5723% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5724% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5725%%EndComments
5726FontDirectory/CMMI12 known{/CMMI12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5727/UniqueID get 5087386 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
5728{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 572911 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5730/FontType 1 def
5731/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
5732/FontName /CMMI12 def
5733/FontBBox {-31 -250 1026 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
5734/PaintType 0 def
5735/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
5736/version (003.002) readonly def
5737/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5738/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
5739/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5740/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5741/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5742/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
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5743/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5744/UnderlineThickness 50 def
5745/ascent 750 def
c302751c 5746end readonly def
c302751c
CR
5747/Encoding 256 array
57480 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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5750readonly def
c302751c
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5751currentdict end
5752currentfile eexec
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c302751c
CR
59380000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59390000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59410000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59420000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59430000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
59450000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
5946cleartomark
45c0f7f8 5947{restore}if
c302751c 5948%%EndFont
037a8b7f
CR
5949%%BeginFont: CMSL10
5950%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSL10 003.002
5951%%Title: CMSL10
45c0f7f8
CR
5952%Version: 003.002
5953%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5954%%Creator: David M. Jones
5955%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
037a8b7f 5956%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.
45c0f7f8
CR
5957% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5958% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5959% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5960%%EndComments
037a8b7f
CR
5961FontDirectory/CMSL10 known{/CMSL10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5962/UniqueID get 5000798 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
45c0f7f8 5963{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 596411 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5965/FontType 1 def
5966/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
037a8b7f
CR
5967/FontName /CMSL10 def
5968/FontBBox {-62 -250 1123 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
5969/PaintType 0 def
5970/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
5971/version (003.002) readonly def
037a8b7f
CR
5972/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.) readonly def
5973/FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5974/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5975/Weight (Medium) readonly def
037a8b7f 5976/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
c302751c 5977/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
5978/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5979/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 5980end readonly def
c302751c
CR
5981/Encoding 256 array
59820 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
037a8b7f
CR
5983dup 11 /ff put
5984dup 12 /fi put
5985dup 14 /ffi put
5986dup 36 /dollar put
5987dup 45 /hyphen put
5988dup 49 /one put
5989dup 50 /two put
5990dup 51 /three put
5991dup 52 /four put
5992dup 65 /A put
5993dup 66 /B put
5994dup 67 /C put
5995dup 68 /D put
5996dup 69 /E put
5997dup 70 /F put
5998dup 71 /G put
5999dup 72 /H put
6000dup 73 /I put
6001dup 75 /K put
6002dup 76 /L put
6003dup 77 /M put
6004dup 78 /N put
6005dup 79 /O put
6006dup 80 /P put
6007dup 82 /R put
6008dup 83 /S put
6009dup 84 /T put
6010dup 85 /U put
6011dup 87 /W put
6012dup 88 /X put
6013dup 89 /Y put
6014dup 97 /a put
6015dup 98 /b put
6016dup 99 /c put
6017dup 100 /d put
6018dup 101 /e put
6019dup 102 /f put
6020dup 103 /g put
6021dup 104 /h put
6022dup 105 /i put
6023dup 106 /j put
6024dup 107 /k put
6025dup 108 /l put
6026dup 109 /m put
6027dup 110 /n put
6028dup 111 /o put
6029dup 112 /p put
6030dup 113 /q put
6031dup 114 /r put
6032dup 115 /s put
6033dup 116 /t put
6034dup 117 /u put
6035dup 118 /v put
6036dup 119 /w put
6037dup 120 /x put
6038dup 121 /y put
c302751c 6039readonly def
c302751c
CR
6040currentdict end
6041currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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c302751c
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6640cleartomark
45c0f7f8 6641{restore}if
c302751c
CR
6642%%EndFont
6643%%BeginFont: CMTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
6644%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT10 003.002
6645%%Title: CMTT10
6646%Version: 003.002
6647%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
6648%%Creator: David M. Jones
6649%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
6650%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.
6651% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
6652% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
6653% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
6654%%EndComments
6655FontDirectory/CMTT10 known{/CMTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
6656/UniqueID get 5000832 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
6657{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 665811 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
6659/FontType 1 def
6660/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
6661/FontName /CMTT10 def
6662/FontBBox {-4 -233 537 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
6663/PaintType 0 def
6664/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
6665/version (003.002) readonly def
6666/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
6667/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
6668/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
6669/Weight (Medium) readonly def
6670/ItalicAngle 0 def
6671/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
6672/UnderlinePosition -100 def
6673/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 6674end readonly def
c302751c
CR
6675/Encoding 256 array
66760 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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6699dup 55 /seven put
6700dup 56 /eight put
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6702dup 58 /colon put
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6705dup 61 /equal put
6706dup 62 /greater put
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6745dup 102 /f put
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6750dup 107 /k put
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6757dup 114 /r put
6758dup 115 /s put
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6760dup 117 /u put
6761dup 118 /v put
6762dup 119 /w put
6763dup 120 /x put
6764dup 121 /y put
6765dup 122 /z put
6766dup 123 /braceleft put
6767dup 124 /bar put
6768dup 125 /braceright put
6769dup 126 /asciitilde put
6770readonly def
c302751c
CR
6771currentdict end
6772currentfile eexec
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87985098 y(tional)32 b(op)s(erators)e(suc)m(h)g(as)h(`)p
6e51e0d0
CR
8799Ft(-f)p Fu(')f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(unquoted)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j
8800(as)f(primaries.)630 5230 y(When)k(used)f(with)h Ft([[)p
8801Fu(,)h(the)f(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)g
ad4aef08
CR
8802(sort)g(lexicographically)j(using)d(the)630 5340 y(curren)m(t)30
8803b(lo)s(cale.)p eop end
220537f2 8804%%Page: 13 19
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220537f2 8806b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(13)630 299
6e51e0d0
CR
8807y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(!=)p
8808Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(are)g(used,)g(the)g(string)f(to)i(the)e(righ)m(t)
74d0116b
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8809h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator)630 408 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h(pattern)f
8810(and)g(matc)m(hed)h(according)g(to)g(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s
1101193a 8811(elo)m(w)h(in)630 518 y(Section)d(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m
8a0829e9 8812(hing],)h(page)f(31,)g(as)f(if)g(the)g Ft(extglob)d Fu(shell)j(option)g
6e51e0d0
CR
8813(w)m(ere)630 628 y(enabled.)46 b(The)31 b(`)p Ft(=)p
8814Fu(')h(op)s(erator)h(is)f(iden)m(tical)h(to)g(`)p Ft(==)p
8a0829e9
CR
8815Fu('.)46 b(If)31 b(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)630
8816737 y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)d
6e51e0d0 8817Fu(in)i(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45
fc527055 8818b(page)d(63\))630 847 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s
1101193a
CR
8819(erformed)g(without)g(regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)630
8820956 y(c)m(haracters.)h(The)28 b(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)28
6e51e0d0
CR
8821b(is)g(0)g(if)g(the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h(\(`)p Ft(==)p
8822Fu('\))f(or)g(do)s(es)f(not)h(matc)m(h)630 1066 y(\(`)p
8823Ft(!=)p Fu('\)the)33 b(pattern,)g(and)f(1)g(otherwise.)47
1101193a
CR
8824b(An)m(y)32 b(part)g(of)h(the)f(pattern)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(quoted)g(to)
8825630 1176 y(force)f(the)g(quoted)f(p)s(ortion)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)
8826h(as)g(a)f(string.)630 1316 y(An)j(additional)i(binary)e(op)s(erator,)i
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CR
8827(`)p Ft(=~)p Fu(',)g(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)37 b(with)c(the)h(same)g
8828(precedence)h(as)630 1426 y(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')29 b(and)f(`)p
8829Ft(!=)p Fu('.)40 b(When)29 b(it)g(is)g(used,)f(the)h(string)g(to)h(the)
1101193a
CR
8830e(righ)m(t)i(of)f(the)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(consid-)630
88311536 y(ered)34 b(an)g(extended)g(regular)g(expression)g(and)f(matc)m
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CR
8832(hed)i(accordingly)g(\(as)f(in)g Fl(r)-5 b(e)g(gex)11
8833b Fu(3\)\).)630 1645 y(The)29 b(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)30
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CR
8834b(is)g(0)g(if)f(the)h(string)g(matc)m(hes)g(the)g(pattern,)g(and)f(1)h
8835(otherwise.)41 b(If)29 b(the)630 1755 y(regular)e(expression)g(is)h
8836(syn)m(tactically)i(incorrect,)f(the)e(conditional)i(expression's)e
8837(return)630 1864 y(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(2.)68 b(If)39
8a0829e9 8838b(the)h Ft(nocasematch)c Fu(shell)k(option)g(\(see)g(the)g(description)
6e51e0d0 8839g(of)f Ft(shopt)f Fu(in)630 1974 y(Section)32 b(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f
fc527055 8840(Builtin],)i(page)g(63\))g(is)f(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s
1101193a
CR
8841(erformed)630 2084 y(without)36 b(regard)g(to)h(the)f(case)h(of)f
8842(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)59 b(An)m(y)36 b(part)g(of)h(the)f
8843(pattern)630 2193 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(quoted)h(to)g(force)g(the)g
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8845b(Brac)m(k)m(et)630 2303 y(expressions)27 b(in)f(regular)i(expressions)
8846e(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(treated)h(carefully)-8 b(,)29 b(since)e(normal)g
8847(quot-)630 2412 y(ing)38 b(c)m(haracters)h(lose)f(their)g(meanings)f(b)
8848s(et)m(w)m(een)h(brac)m(k)m(ets.)64 b(If)37 b(the)h(pattern)f(is)h
8849(stored)630 2522 y(in)33 b(a)i(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35
8850b(quoting)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(expansion)e(forces)i(the)f(en)m
8851(tire)g(pattern)g(to)630 2632 y(b)s(e)h(matc)m(hed)i(as)f(a)g(string.)
885256 b(Substrings)34 b(matc)m(hed)j(b)m(y)f(paren)m(thesized)g(sub)s
8853(expressions)630 2741 y(within)k(the)g(regular)g(expression)g(are)g(sa)
8854m(v)m(ed)i(in)d(the)i(arra)m(y)f(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b
6e51e0d0
CR
8855Ft(BASH_REMATCH)p Fu(.)630 2851 y(The)30 b(elemen)m(t)i(of)e
8856Ft(BASH_REMATCH)d Fu(with)j(index)g(0)h(is)g(the)f(p)s(ortion)g(of)h
1101193a 8857(the)f(string)h(matc)m(h-)630 2960 y(ing)j(the)g(en)m(tire)g(regular)g
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CR
8858(expression.)50 b(The)34 b(elemen)m(t)h(of)f Ft(BASH_REMATCH)c
8859Fu(with)j(index)g Fr(n)630 3070 y Fu(is)d(the)h(p)s(ortion)f(of)g(the)h
8860(string)f(matc)m(hing)i(the)e Fr(n)p Fu(th)g(paren)m(thesized)h(sub)s
1101193a
CR
8861(expression.)630 3211 y(F)-8 b(or)28 b(example,)h(the)e(follo)m(wing)i
8862(will)e(matc)m(h)h(a)g(line)f(\(stored)h(in)e(the)i(shell)f(v)-5
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1101193a
CR
8864b(is)g(a)h(sequence)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)g(v)-5
8865b(alue)23 b(consisting)g(of)f(an)m(y)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)f(including)630
88663430 y(zero,)31 b(of)g(space)g(c)m(haracters,)h(zero)f(or)g(one)f
6e51e0d0
CR
8867(instances)h(of)g(`)p Ft(a)p Fu(',)f(then)g(a)h(`)p Ft(b)p
8868Fu(':)870 3571 y Ft([[)47 b($line)g(=~)g([[:space:]]*\(a\)?b)c(]])630
88693712 y Fu(That)24 b(means)g(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(lik)m(e)h(`)p
8870Ft(aab)p Fu(')e(and)h(`)30 b Ft(aaaaaab)p Fu(')22 b(will)i(matc)m(h,)j
1101193a 8871(as)d(will)g(a)g(line)g(con)m(taining)630 3821 y(a)31
6e51e0d0 8872b(`)p Ft(b)p Fu(')f(an)m(ywhere)h(in)f(its)g(v)-5 b(alue.)630
1101193a 88733962 y(Storing)31 b(the)g(regular)g(expression)f(in)h(a)g(shell)g(v)-5
45c0f7f8 8874b(ariable)31 b(is)g(often)g(a)g(useful)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)
1101193a 8875630 4072 y(problems)f(with)g(quoting)h(c)m(haracters)i(that)e(are)g(sp)
45c0f7f8 8876s(ecial)g(to)h(the)f(shell.)41 b(It)31 b(is)g(sometimes)630
1101193a 88774181 y(di\016cult)24 b(to)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(regular)g(expression)f
45c0f7f8 8878(literally)i(without)f(using)e(quotes,)k(or)d(to)h(k)m(eep)630
1101193a 88794291 y(trac)m(k)33 b(of)g(the)f(quoting)g(used)g(b)m(y)g(regular)g
45c0f7f8 8880(expressions)g(while)g(pa)m(ying)h(atten)m(tion)h(to)f(the)630
1101193a 88814401 y(shell's)25 b(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)40 b(Using)25
45c0f7f8 8882b(a)g(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(to)f(store)g(the)g(pattern)g
1101193a 8883(decreases)g(these)630 4510 y(problems.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31
45c0f7f8 8884b(example,)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(is)e(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32
6e51e0d0 8885b(to)f(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e:)870 4651 y Ft(pattern='[[:space:]]*\(a\))o
1101193a 8886(?b')870 4761 y([[)47 b($line)g(=~)g($pattern)e(]])630
6e51e0d0 88874902 y Fu(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(matc)m(h)h(a)e(c)m
45c0f7f8 8888(haracter)j(that's)e(sp)s(ecial)g(to)g(the)g(regular)f(expression)g
1101193a 8889(gram-)630 5011 y(mar,)g(it)g(has)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(quoted)h(to)g(remo)m
45c0f7f8 8890(v)m(e)h(its)f(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning.)40 b(This)27 b(means)g(that)h(in)g
6e51e0d0
CR
8891(the)630 5121 y(pattern)e(`)p Ft(xxx.txt)p Fu(',)g(the)h(`)p
8892Ft(.)p Fu(')f(matc)m(hes)i(an)m(y)e(c)m(haracter)i(in)e(the)h(string)f
1101193a 8893(\(its)h(usual)f(regular)630 5230 y(expression)g(meaning\),)i(but)e(in)
6e51e0d0
CR
8894g(the)h(pattern)f(`)p Ft("xxx.txt")p Fu(')f(it)i(can)g(only)f(matc)m(h)
8895i(a)e(literal)630 5340 y(`)p Ft(.)p Fu('.)56 b(Shell)35
45c0f7f8 8896b(programmers)f(should)h(tak)m(e)i(sp)s(ecial)e(care)i(with)e(bac)m
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45c0f7f8 8898%%Page: 14 20
6e51e0d0 8899TeXDict begin 14 19 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
ad4aef08 8900b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(14)630 299
1101193a
CR
8901y(slashes)27 b(are)g(used)f(b)s(oth)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(shell)h(and)f
8902(regular)h(expressions)g(to)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(sp)s(ecial)630
8903408 y(meaning)h(from)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)i(c)m(haracter.)41
ad4aef08 8904b(The)27 b(follo)m(wing)j(t)m(w)m(o)f(sets)f(of)g(commands)g(are)630
037a8b7f
CR
8905518 y Fl(not)40 b Fu(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t:)870 649 y Ft(pattern='\\.')
8906870 868 y([[)47 b(.)h(=~)f($pattern)e(]])870 978 y([[)i(.)h(=~)f(\\.)g
8907(]])870 1197 y([[)g(.)h(=~)f("$pattern")e(]])870 1307
8908y([[)i(.)h(=~)f('\\.')f(]])630 1438 y Fu(The)28 b(\014rst)h(t)m(w)m(o)h
ad4aef08 8909(matc)m(hes)g(will)f(succeed,)h(but)f(the)g(second)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(will)f
037a8b7f 8910(not,)h(b)s(ecause)f(in)g(the)630 1547 y(second)39 b(t)m(w)m(o)i(the)e
ad4aef08 8911(bac)m(kslash)h(will)f(b)s(e)g(part)g(of)g(the)h(pattern)f(to)h(b)s(e)e
037a8b7f 8912(matc)m(hed.)68 b(In)39 b(the)630 1657 y(\014rst)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h
ad4aef08 8913(examples,)h(the)e(bac)m(kslash)h(remo)m(v)m(es)h(the)f(sp)s(ecial)g
037a8b7f 8914(meaning)f(from)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(',)h(so)g(the)630 1766
6e51e0d0 8915y(literal)f(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')e(matc)m(hes.)42 b(If)28
ad4aef08 8916b(the)i(string)f(in)g(the)g(\014rst)g(examples)g(w)m(ere)h(an)m(ything)
037a8b7f 8917g(other)f(than)630 1876 y(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(',)g(sa)m(y)g(`)p
6e51e0d0
CR
8918Ft(a)p Fu(',)g(the)f(pattern)g(w)m(ould)g(not)h(matc)m(h,)h(b)s(ecause)
8919e(the)g(quoted)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')h(in)e(the)i(pattern)630
037a8b7f
CR
89201986 y(loses)i(its)g(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning)f(of)h(matc)m(hing)g(an)m(y)g
8921(single)g(c)m(haracter.)630 2116 y(Expressions)23 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e
ad4aef08 8922(com)m(bined)i(using)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(op)s(erators,)g(listed)f
037a8b7f
CR
8923(in)f(decreasing)630 2226 y(order)30 b(of)g(precedence:)630
89242378 y Ft(\()g Fj(expression)e Ft(\))1110 2488 y Fu(Returns)i(the)h(v)
6e51e0d0
CR
8925-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fr(expression)p Fu(.)42 b(This)30
8926b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)g(the)1110
037a8b7f
CR
89272598 y(normal)e(precedence)h(of)g(op)s(erators.)630 2750
8928y Ft(!)f Fj(expression)1110 2860 y Fu(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
8929Fr(expression)g Fu(is)h(false.)630 3012 y Fj(expression1)c
8930Ft(&&)j Fj(expression2)1110 3122 y Fu(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g
6e51e0d0 8931Fr(expression1)38 b Fu(and)29 b Fr(expression2)38 b Fu(are)31
037a8b7f
CR
8932b(true.)630 3274 y Fj(expression1)c Ft(||)j Fj(expression2)1110
89333384 y Fu(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(either)h Fr(expression1)38
6e51e0d0 8934b Fu(or)30 b Fr(expression2)38 b Fu(is)30 b(true.)630
037a8b7f 89353536 y(The)24 b Ft(&&)h Fu(and)f Ft(||)g Fu(op)s(erators)h(do)g(not)g
6e51e0d0 8936(ev)-5 b(aluate)27 b Fr(expression2)32 b Fu(if)25 b(the)g(v)-5
037a8b7f 8937b(alue)25 b(of)g Fr(expression1)630 3646 y Fu(is)30 b(su\016cien)m(t)h
6e51e0d0 8938(to)g(determine)g(the)f(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)h(en)m(tire)
037a8b7f
CR
8939g(conditional)h(expression.)150 3838 y Fk(3.2.4.3)63
8940b(Grouping)43 b(Commands)150 3985 y Fu(Bash)30 b(pro)m(vides)g(t)m(w)m
6e51e0d0 8941(o)h(w)m(a)m(ys)f(to)h(group)e(a)h(list)g(of)g(commands)f(to)i(b)s(e)e
037a8b7f 8942(executed)h(as)g(a)h(unit.)40 b(When)29 b(com-)150 4094
6e51e0d0
CR
8943y(mands)h(are)i(group)s(ed,)f(redirections)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(applied)i
8944(to)g(the)f(en)m(tire)h(command)g(list.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32
037a8b7f 8945b(example,)150 4204 y(the)f(output)f(of)g(all)h(the)g(commands)f(in)g
6e51e0d0 8946(the)h(list)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(redirected)i(to)g(a)g(single)g(stream.)
037a8b7f
CR
8947150 4356 y Ft(\(\))870 4487 y(\()47 b Fj(list)g Ft(\))630
89484618 y Fu(Placing)30 b(a)f(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i
6e51e0d0 8949(paren)m(theses)e(causes)i(a)f(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)630
037a8b7f
CR
89504728 y(to)k(b)s(e)e(created)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d
8951(Execution)i(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)g(page)f(37\),)630 4837
6e51e0d0
CR
8952y(and)d(eac)m(h)h(of)g(the)f(commands)g(in)g Fr(list)j
8953Fu(to)f(b)s(e)d(executed)j(in)e(that)h(subshell.)38 b(Since)28
037a8b7f 8954b(the)f Fr(list)630 4947 y Fu(is)i(executed)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(v)-5
122f603c 8955b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)g(remain)f(in)g(e\013ect)j
037a8b7f
CR
8956(after)e(the)630 5057 y(subshell)g(completes.)150 5209
8957y Ft({})870 5340 y({)47 b Fj(list)p Ft(;)g(})p eop end
45c0f7f8 8958%%Page: 15 21
6e51e0d0 8959TeXDict begin 15 20 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
037a8b7f
CR
8960b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(15)630 299
8961y(Placing)30 b(a)g(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(curly)f
8962(braces)g(causes)h(the)f(list)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(executed)630
8963408 y(in)d(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)f(con)m(text.)42
8964b(No)27 b(subshell)f(is)g(created.)41 b(The)26 b(semicolon)i(\(or)f
8965(newline\))630 518 y(follo)m(wing)32 b Fr(list)h Fu(is)d(required.)275
8966668 y(In)44 b(addition)h(to)h(the)f(creation)i(of)e(a)g(subshell,)j
74d0116b 8967(there)e(is)f(a)g(subtle)g(di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(these)150
037a8b7f 8968778 y(t)m(w)m(o)c(constructs)e(due)g(to)g(historical)i(reasons.)67
6e51e0d0 8969b(The)39 b(braces)g(are)h Ft(reserved)28 b(words)p Fu(,)40
037a8b7f 8970b(so)g(they)f(m)m(ust)150 887 y(b)s(e)d(separated)h(from)f(the)g
6e51e0d0 8971Fr(list)j Fu(b)m(y)e Ft(blank)p Fu(s)e(or)h(other)h(shell)f(metac)m
037a8b7f 8972(haracters.)62 b(The)36 b(paren)m(theses)h(are)150 997
6e51e0d0 8973y Ft(operators)p Fu(,)23 b(and)h(are)g(recognized)i(as)e(separate)i
74d0116b 8974(tok)m(ens)f(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)h(ev)m(en)g(if)f(they)g(are)h(not)f
037a8b7f
CR
8975(separated)150 1107 y(from)30 b(the)g Fr(list)j Fu(b)m(y)e(whitespace.)
8976275 1236 y(The)e(exit)j(status)e(of)h(b)s(oth)f(of)g(these)h
6e51e0d0 8977(constructs)g(is)f(the)h(exit)g(status)f(of)h Fr(list)p
037a8b7f 8978Fu(.)150 1426 y Fk(3.2.5)63 b(Copro)s(cesses)150 1573
6e51e0d0
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8979y Fu(A)37 b Ft(coprocess)c Fu(is)k(a)g(shell)f(command)h(preceded)f(b)m
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CR
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CR
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9545Fu(.)57 b(The)36 b(pream)m(ble)g(is)150 4392 y(pre\014xed)28
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9551(sorted;)150 4745 y(left)31 b(to)g(righ)m(t)g(order)f(is)g(preserv)m
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9554y Fu(A)23 b(sequence)g(expression)g(tak)m(es)i(the)e(form)g
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9560y(supplied,)f(the)f(expression)f(expands)f(to)i(eac)m(h)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
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9562Fu(,)j(inclusiv)m(e.)75 b(Supplied)p eop end
9563%%Page: 22 28
9564TeXDict begin 22 27 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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9611(with)g(an)h(unquoted)f(tilde)h(c)m(haracter)h(\(`)p
9612Ft(~)p Fu('\),)g(all)g(of)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)h(up)d(to)j(the)f
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9621h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g Ft(HOME)e Fu(shell)i(v)-5
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96233728 y(directory)e(of)g(the)f(user)g(executing)i(the)e(shell)h(is)f
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96253838 y(is)d(replaced)h(with)f(the)h(home)f(directory)h(asso)s(ciated)h
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9633y(If)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)h(follo)m(wing)h(the)e(tilde)g(in)g(the)g
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9636Ft(+)p Fu(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)j(the)d(tilde-pre\014x)g(is)h
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9643b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans)e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m
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96454753 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)31 b(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(is)h(assumed.)275
96464882 y(If)e(the)i(login)g(name)g(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)31
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9651y(a)d(`)p Ft(:)p Fu(')g(or)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p Ft(=)p
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9654y(ma)m(y)29 b(use)e(\014lenames)h(with)g(tildes)g(in)g(assignmen)m(ts)g
9655(to)h Ft(PATH)p Fu(,)f Ft(MAILPATH)p Fu(,)e(and)h Ft(CDPATH)p
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9656Fu(,)g(and)h(the)g(shell)150 5340 y(assigns)j(the)f(expanded)g(v)-5
9657b(alue.)p eop end
9658%%Page: 23 29
9659TeXDict begin 23 28 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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037a8b7f 97003292 y(If)k(the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)f Fr(parameter)42
8a0829e9 9701b Fu(is)35 b(an)g(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m(t)e(\(!\),)i(and)d
037a8b7f 9702Fr(parameter)42 b Fu(is)34 b(not)i(a)150 3402 y Fr(nameref)p
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9703Fu(,)i(it)f(in)m(tro)s(duces)f(a)h(lev)m(el)h(of)f(v)-5
9704b(ariable)37 b(indirection.)59 b(Bash)37 b(uses)f(the)g(v)-5
037a8b7f 9705b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)150 3511 y(formed)22
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9706b(from)f(the)h(rest)h(of)f Fr(parameter)29 b Fu(as)22
9707b(the)g(name)h(of)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable;)26 b(this)c(v)-5
037a8b7f 9708b(ariable)23 b(is)f(then)g(expanded)150 3621 y(and)34
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9709b(that)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)g(used)f(in)g(the)h(rest)g(of)g(the)g
9710(substitution,)g(rather)g(than)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35
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9712b(is)g(kno)m(wn)h(as)g Ft(indirect)28 b(expansion)p Fu(.)48
9713b(If)33 b Fr(parameter)41 b Fu(is)34 b(a)g(nameref,)h(this)e(expands)g
037a8b7f 9714(to)150 3840 y(the)d(name)g(of)g(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)30
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9717y(rect)i(expansion.)46 b(The)32 b(exceptions)i(to)f(this)f(are)h(the)f
9718(expansions)g(of)h($)p Fi({)p Fu(!)p Fr(pre\014x)6 b
9719Fu(*)p Fi(})33 b Fu(and)f($)p Fi({)p Fu(!)p Fr(name)5
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9720b Fu([@])p Fi(})150 4059 y Fu(describ)s(ed)28 b(b)s(elo)m(w.)41
9721b(The)28 b(exclamation)j(p)s(oin)m(t)f(m)m(ust)f(immediately)h(follo)m
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9724(w,)i Fr(w)m(ord)h Fu(is)c(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(tilde)f(expansion,)j
9725(parameter)e(expansion,)150 4407 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g
9726(arithmetic)i(expansion.)275 4535 y(When)h(not)h(p)s(erforming)e
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037a8b7f 9730b(the)h(colon)f(results)g(in)g(a)g(test)h(only)150 4754
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9731y(for)c(a)i(parameter)f(that)g(is)g(unset.)41 b(Put)31
9732b(another)f(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(if)e(the)f(colon)i(is)f(included,)f
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9981Fu(follo)m(wing)p eop end
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037a8b7f 10123b(al.)41 b(The)26 b(result)h(is)g(treated)h(as)150 4116
595e3e69 10124y(the)j(arithmetic)g(expression)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(ev)-5
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10125b(aluated.)42 b(Arithmetic)31 b(expansions)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(nested.)
10126275 4252 y(The)34 b(ev)-5 b(aluation)37 b(is)f(p)s(erformed)e
10127(according)i(to)g(the)g(rules)f(listed)h(b)s(elo)m(w)g(\(see)g(Section)
10128g(6.5)h([Shell)150 4362 y(Arithmetic],)32 b(page)f(88\).)42
10129b(If)30 b(the)h(expression)f(is)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)32
10130b(Bash)e(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(message)g(indicating)h(failure)150
101314472 y(to)f(the)g(standard)e(error)h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s
10132(ccurs.)150 4673 y Fk(3.5.6)63 b(Pro)s(cess)42 b(Substitution)150
101334820 y Fu(Pro)s(cess)33 b(substitution)g(allo)m(ws)i(a)e(pro)s(cess's)g
10134(input)f(or)h(output)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)i(using)f(a)g
10135(\014lename.)150 4930 y(It)d(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390
101365066 y Ft(<\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))150 5203 y Fu(or)390
101375340 y Ft(>\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))p eop end
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10138%%Page: 30 36
10139TeXDict begin 30 35 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10140b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(30)150 299
10141y(The)28 b(pro)s(cess)h Fr(list)j Fu(is)d(run)e(async)m(hronously)-8
10142b(,)30 b(and)e(its)i(input)e(or)h(output)f(app)s(ears)h(as)g(a)g
10143(\014lename.)41 b(This)150 408 y(\014lename)25 b(is)g(passed)g(as)g(an)
10144g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(command)g(as)g(the)g(result)g
10145(of)g(the)h(expansion.)38 b(If)150 518 y(the)28 b Ft(>\()p
10146Fj(list)p Ft(\))d Fu(form)i(is)g(used,)h(writing)f(to)h(the)g(\014le)f
10147(will)h(pro)m(vide)g(input)e(for)h Fr(list)p Fu(.)41
10148b(If)26 b(the)i Ft(<\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))d Fu(form)150
10149628 y(is)g(used,)g(the)f(\014le)h(passed)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h
10150(should)e(b)s(e)h(read)h(to)g(obtain)g(the)f(output)g(of)h
10151Fr(list)p Fu(.)40 b(Note)25 b(that)150 737 y(no)33 b(space)g(ma)m(y)g
10152(app)s(ear)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f Ft(<)f Fu(or)h
10153Ft(>)f Fu(and)g(the)h(left)h(paren)m(thesis,)f(otherwise)h(the)f
10154(construct)150 847 y(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)g(as)h(a)f
10155(redirection.)59 b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(substitution)g(is)h(supp)s(orted)d
10156(on)i(systems)g(that)150 956 y(supp)s(ort)29 b(named)h(pip)s(es)f(\()p
10157Fm(fif)n(o)p Fu(s\))h(or)h(the)f Ft(/dev/fd)f Fu(metho)s(d)h(of)g
d345f817 10158(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)275 1099 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5
037a8b7f 10159b(ailable,)40 b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(sim)m
d345f817 10160(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1209 y(v)-5
037a8b7f 10161b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)
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10162i(expansion.)150 1417 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41
10163b(Splitting)150 1564 y Fu(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h
037a8b7f 10164(parameter)g(expansion,)g(command)g(substitution,)g(and)f(arithmetic)
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10165150 1673 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h
10166(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1816 y(The)e(shell)g(treats)i
6e51e0d0 10167(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)g(of)f Ft($IFS)e Fu(as)i(a)g(delimiter,)h(and)e
d345f817 10168(splits)g(the)h(results)f(of)h(the)g(other)150 1926 y(expansions)22
1101193a 10169b(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)e(using)h(these)g(c)m(haracters)h(as)f(\014eld)f
6e51e0d0 10170(terminators.)39 b(If)22 b Ft(IFS)g Fu(is)h(unset,)h(or)e(its)h(v)-5
d345f817 10171b(alue)150 2036 y(is)36 b(exactly)j Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p
6e51e0d0 10172Fu(,)32 b(the)37 b(default,)h(then)e(sequences)h(of)67
d345f817 10173b Ft(<space>)p Fu(,)36 b Ft(<tab>)p Fu(,)h(and)150 2145
6e51e0d0 10174y Ft(<newline>)28 b Fu(at)k(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(and)h(end)f(of)h(the)g
1101193a 10175(results)g(of)g(the)g(previous)g(expansions)f(are)i(ignored,)150
d345f817 101762255 y(and)k(an)m(y)h(sequence)h(of)f Ft(IFS)f Fu(c)m(haracters)i(not)f
1101193a 10177(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(or)h(end)f(serv)m(es)h(to)h(delimit)f(w)m
d345f817 10178(ords.)150 2364 y(If)43 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(has)h(a)h(v)-5
8a0829e9 10179b(alue)43 b(other)h(than)f(the)g(default,)k(then)c(sequences)h(of)f
d345f817 10180(the)h(whitespace)f(c)m(haracters)150 2474 y Ft(space)p
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10181Fu(,)29 b Ft(tab)p Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(newline)e Fu(are)j(ignored)g(at)g
10182(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)g(end)g(of)g(the)h(w)m(ord,)f(as)h(long)g(as)
d345f817 10183g(the)150 2584 y(whitespace)c(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(in)f(the)g(v)-5
967625cd 10184b(alue)27 b(of)g Ft(IFS)e Fu(\(an)i Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)i(c)m
d345f817 10185(haracter\).)42 b(An)m(y)26 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)150 2693
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10186y Ft(IFS)c Fu(that)h(is)g(not)f Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace,)j(along)f(with)
10187e(an)m(y)h(adjacen)m(t)h Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters,)i
d345f817 10188(delimits)150 2803 y(a)k(\014eld.)40 b(A)31 b(sequence)g(of)f
967625cd 10189Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters)h(is)e(also)h(treated)h(as)f(a)f
d345f817 10190(delimiter.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)150 2912 y(of)31
967625cd 10191b Ft(IFS)e Fu(is)h(n)m(ull,)h(no)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)275
d345f817 101923055 y(Explicit)21 b(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Ft("")g
037a8b7f 10193Fu(or)g Ft('')p Fu(\))f(are)h(retained)h(and)e(passed)g(to)i(commands)e
d345f817 10194(as)i(empt)m(y)f(strings.)150 3165 y(Unquoted)37 b(implicit)i(n)m(ull)f
037a8b7f 10195(argumen)m(ts,)i(resulting)d(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(parameters)f
d345f817 10196(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3275 y(no)32 b(v)-5 b(alues,)33
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10197b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)47 b(If)32 b(a)g(parameter)h(with)e(no)h(v)-5
10198b(alue)33 b(is)f(expanded)f(within)h(double)f(quotes,)j(a)150
d345f817 101993384 y(n)m(ull)c(argumen)m(t)g(results)g(and)f(is)h(retained)g(and)f
037a8b7f 10200(passed)g(to)i(a)f(command)g(as)g(an)f(empt)m(y)i(string.)40
d345f817 10201b(When)150 3494 y(a)f(quoted)f(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(t)h(app)s(ears)e(as)
037a8b7f 10202i(part)f(of)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(whose)g(expansion)g(is)h(non-n)m(ull,)h
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10203(the)e(n)m(ull)150 3603 y(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)69
10204b(That)39 b(is,)j(the)e(w)m(ord)f Ft(-d'')f Fu(b)s(ecomes)i
10205Ft(-d)e Fu(after)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(n)m(ull)150
102063713 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)275 3856 y(Note)31
10207b(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h(splitting)g(is)f(p)s
10208(erformed.)150 4064 y Fk(3.5.8)63 b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)150
102094211 y Fu(After)30 b(w)m(ord)f(splitting,)i(unless)d(the)i
10210Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g
10211([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)150 4320 y(page)d(59\),)i(Bash)d(scans)h(eac)m
10212(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(*)p
10213Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu('.)39
10214b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 4430 y(app)s(ears,)h
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10215(then)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)h(regarded)g(as)g(a)g Fr(pattern)p
10216Fu(,)g(and)g(replaced)g(with)f(an)h(alphab)s(etically)h(sorted)150
d345f817 102174539 y(list)k(of)f(\014lenames)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f(pattern)g(\(see)h
037a8b7f 10218(Section)f(3.5.8.1)j([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(31\).)43
d345f817 10219b(If)150 4649 y(no)26 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames)e(are)h(found,)f(and)
037a8b7f 10220g(the)h(shell)f(option)h Ft(nullglob)d Fu(is)j(disabled,)g(the)g(w)m
d345f817 10221(ord)f(is)g(left)150 4759 y(unc)m(hanged.)40 b(If)30
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10222b(the)g Ft(nullglob)e Fu(option)i(is)h(set,)f(and)g(no)g(matc)m(hes)h
10223(are)g(found,)e(the)h(w)m(ord)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150
d345f817 102244868 y(If)i(the)g Ft(failglob)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(is)f(set,)h(and)f
037a8b7f 10225(no)g(matc)m(hes)h(are)g(found,)e(an)h(error)g(message)h(is)f(prin)m
d345f817 10226(ted)150 4978 y(and)e(the)g(command)g(is)h(not)f(executed.)42
900a813b 10227b(If)30 b(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(is)k(enabled,)f
d345f817 10228(the)h(matc)m(h)g(is)150 5087 y(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)g
900a813b 10229(the)f(case)i(of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)275
d345f817 102305230 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g(\014lename)h
900a813b 10231(expansion,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g
d345f817 10232(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 5340 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f
900a813b 10233(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8
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10234b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(dotglob)p
10235eop end
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10236%%Page: 31 37
10237TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10238b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)150 299
10239y(is)33 b(set.)51 b(When)33 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g(\014lename,)h(the)e
10240(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h
10241(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 408 y(In)30 b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p
10242Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8
10243b(.)275 536 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g(of)g Ft(shopt)e
10244Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g(63,)g(for)f
10245(a)g(descrip-)150 646 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h Ft(nocaseglob)p
10246Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p Fu(,)g Ft(failglob)p Fu(,)h(and)g
10247Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275 773 y(The)j Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f
10248Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(restrict)g
10249(the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150 883
10250y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g(matc)m
10251(hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g
10252(patterns)150 992 y(in)36 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h
10253(from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)59 b(If)36 b(the)g
10254Ft(nocaseglob)d Fu(option)k(is)f(set,)i(the)150 1102
10255y(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
8a0829e9 10256Fu(is)j(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)h(case.)66
d345f817 10257b(The)150 1212 y(\014lenames)41 b Ft(.)f Fu(and)g Ft(..)h
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10258Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e
10259Fu(is)i(set)i(and)e(not)h(n)m(ull.)72 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150
d345f817 102601321 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5
8a0829e9 10261b(alue)30 b(has)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)f(enabling)f(the)h
d345f817 10262Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150 1431 y(so)j(all)h(other)f
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10263(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(will)h(matc)
10264m(h.)46 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(get)h(the)f(old)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h
d345f817 10265(ignoring)150 1540 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p
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10266Ft(.)p Fu(',)f(mak)m(e)h(`)p Ft(.*)p Fu(')f(one)h(of)f(the)g(patterns)g
10267(in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(The)29 b Ft(dotglob)150
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102681650 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
10269Fu(is)k(unset.)150 1835 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40
10270b(Matc)m(hing)150 1982 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s
8a0829e9 10271(ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g
d345f817 10272(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 2092 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31
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10273b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42 b(The)29 b Fm(nul)h Fu(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)
10274e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s
d345f817 10275(es)150 2201 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43
8a0829e9 10276b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m
d345f817 10277(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 2311 y(pattern)30
8a0829e9 10278b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s
d345f817 10279(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 2439 y(The)29
8a0829e9 10280b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(follo)m
d345f817 10281(wing)h(meanings:)150 2584 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31
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10282b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string.)41
10283b(When)29 b(the)g Ft(globstar)e Fu(shell)i(option)630
d345f817 102842694 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h
9ec5ed66 10285(\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p
d345f817 10286Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 2803 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)
8a0829e9 10287m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630
d345f817 102882913 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
6e51e0d0 10289Ft(/)p Fu(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)e(will)g
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10290(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 3022 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
102913168 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
10292150 3313 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g
8a0829e9 10293(the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)
d345f817 10294i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 3423 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g
6e51e0d0 10295Fr(range)g(expression)p Fu(;)f(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(falls)g
d345f817 10296(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3533 y(c)m(haracters,)d
ad4aef08 10297(inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g
d345f817 10298(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3642 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
ad4aef08 10299b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p
6e51e0d0 10300Ft([)p Fu(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p
d345f817 10301Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3752 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
6e51e0d0 10302(is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fq(\000)p Fu(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
d345f817 10303(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3861
ad4aef08 10304y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50
6e51e0d0 10305b(A)33 b(`)p Ft(])p Fu(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f
d345f817 10306(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3971 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
ad4aef08 10307(the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f
d345f817 10308(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 4081 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren)
fc527055 10309m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)d(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)g(the)g
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10310Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 4190 y Fu(shell)31
10311b(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)630 4318 y(F)-8 b(or)34
74d0116b 10312b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f(lo)s(cale,)k(`)p
6e51e0d0 10313Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p
d345f817 10314Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu('.)630 4427 y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m
74d0116b 10315(haracters)h(in)e(dictionary)i(order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s
d345f817 10316(cales)630 4537 y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e
595e3e69 10317(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu(';)g(it)g(migh)m
d345f817 10318(t)f(b)s(e)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4647 y(to)34 b(`)p
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10319Ft([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8
10320b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)630
d345f817 103214756 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g
967625cd 10322(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s(cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630
d345f817 103234866 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i
900a813b 10324(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p
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10325Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 4975 y Ft(globasciiranges)c
10326Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 5103 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p
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10327Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j
10328Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f
d345f817 10329Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p Fu(,)630 5212 y(where)30 b
900a813b 10330Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(classes)f
d345f817 10331(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard:)870 5340
900a813b 10332y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g(lower)
d345f817 10333p eop end
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10334%%Page: 32 38
10335TeXDict begin 32 37 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10336b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(32)870 299
10337y Ft(print)142 b(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 b(xdigit)630
10338430 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m(y)f(c)m
10339(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 b(The)41
10340b Ft(word)630 539 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(letters,)
10341f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Ft(_)p Fu('.)630
10342670 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p
10343Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24
10344b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h
10345Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 780 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)
10346f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f
10347(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 890 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)
10348h(c)m(haracter)h Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1021 y(Within)22 b(`)p
10349Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h
10350Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i
10351(sym)m(b)s(ol)d Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 1173 y(If)29
10352b(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h
10353Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150
103541283 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58
6e51e0d0 10355b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fr(pattern-list)j
d345f817 10356Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 1392 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f
6e51e0d0 10357(separated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33
9f178efb 10358b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150
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103591502 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150
103601654 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1764 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
6e51e0d0 10361(zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150
d345f817 103621916 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2026 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
6e51e0d0 10363(zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
d345f817 10364150 2178 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2288
6e51e0d0 10365y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m
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10366(en)i(patterns.)150 2440 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p
10367Ft(\))630 2550 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
10368150 2702 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2811
6e51e0d0 10369y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g
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10370(patterns.)150 3004 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7
10371b(al)150 3151 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f
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10372(unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p
10373Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150
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103743260 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m
10375(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 3494 y Fs(3.6)68
10376b(Redirections)150 3653 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h
fc527055 10377(its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k
d345f817 10378Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 3763 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b)
fc527055 10379m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b(Redirection)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f
d345f817 10380(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 3873
fc527055 10381y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f
ad4aef08 10382(\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(\014les)f(the)g(command)g
d345f817 10383(reads)150 3982 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40
abe2eb5b 10384b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g
d345f817 10385(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4092 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m
abe2eb5b 10386(t.)65 b(The)37 b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g
d345f817 10387(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 4201 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h
abe2eb5b 10388(simple)f(command)h(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40
d345f817 10389b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 4311 y(in)g(the)h(order)f
595e3e69 10390(they)g(app)s(ear,)g(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275
d345f817 103914442 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)
fc527055 10392m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b)
d345f817 10393s(e)150 4551 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f
6e51e0d0 10394Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k
d345f817 10395(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 4661 y(except)30
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10396b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)f(and)f Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s
10397(cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i
d345f817 10398(it)f(to)150 4771 y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p
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10399Fu(.)45 b(If)31 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)h(preceded)f(b)
10400m(y)g Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(,)33 b(the)f(v)-5
10401b(alue)32 b(of)g Fr(v)-5 b(arname)36 b Fu(de\014nes)31
d345f817 10402b(the)h(\014le)150 4880 y(descriptor)e(to)h(close.)275
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104035011 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g
10404(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g
10405(c)m(har-)150 5121 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g
10406(is)g(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g
10407(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 5230 y(descriptor)33
10408b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f
10409(redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)h(the)f(redirection)
10410g(refers)150 5340 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h
10411(descriptor)f(1\).)p eop end
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10412%%Page: 33 39
10413TeXDict begin 33 38 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10414b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(33)275 299
10415y(The)31 b(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f(redirection)g(op)s(erator)f
900a813b 10416(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f(unless)e(other-)150
037a8b7f 10417408 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f
900a813b 10418(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)e(expansion,)i(command)150
037a8b7f 10419518 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h(expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5
900a813b 10420b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150
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10421628 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g(than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h
10422(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275 790 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g
900a813b 10423(redirections)h(is)g(signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31
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10424b(example,)h(the)e(command)390 953 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d
10425Ft(2>&1)150 1115 y Fu(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g
10426(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g
10427(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the)150 1225 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p
10428Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390 1388 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g
10429Fj(dirlist)150 1550 y Fu(directs)28 b(only)f(the)h(standard)e(output)i
10430(to)g(\014le)f Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error)
10431g(w)m(as)h(made)f(a)h(cop)m(y)150 1660 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g
10432(b)s(efore)g(the)g(standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g
10433Fr(dirlist)p Fu(.)275 1822 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j
10434(\014lenames)e(sp)s(ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g
10435(redirections,)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)150 1932 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)g
10436(table:)150 2133 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p Fj(fd)630 2243 y Fu(If)f
10437Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)
10438h Fr(fd)i Fu(is)d(duplicated.)150 2431 y Ft(/dev/stdin)630
104392540 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f(duplicated.)150
104402728 y Ft(/dev/stdout)630 2837 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(1)h(is)f
10441(duplicated.)150 3025 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630 3134 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)
10442e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 3322 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p
10443Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 3431 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5
8a0829e9 10444b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c
037a8b7f 10445Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 3541
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10446y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f(attempts)h(to)f
10447(op)s(en)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(TCP)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150
037a8b7f 104483728 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 3838
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10449y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)
10450m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s
037a8b7f 10451(ort)630 3948 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e
6e51e0d0 10452(attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m
037a8b7f 10453(et.)275 4149 y(A)30 b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e
fc527055 10454(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275
037a8b7f 104554312 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f
fc527055 10456(9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150
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104574421 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f
10458(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 4649 y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40
10459b(Input)150 4796 y Fu(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f
fc527055 10460(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g
037a8b7f 10461Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(to)d(b)s(e)150 4905 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g
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10462(\014le)h(descriptor)f Ft(n)p Fu(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f
10463(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(0\))h(if)f Ft(n)g Fu(is)h(not)150
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104645015 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 5177 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h
10465(redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 5340 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<)p
10466Fj(word)p eop end
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10467%%Page: 34 40
10468TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10469b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(34)150 299
10470y Fk(3.6.2)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Output)150 446 y Fu(Redirection)31
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10471b(of)g(output)f(causes)h(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g(results)h(from)e
10472(the)i(expansion)f(of)h Fr(w)m(ord)i Fu(to)f(b)s(e)150
037a8b7f 10473555 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(writing)g(on)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f
8a0829e9 10474Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
037a8b7f 10475(1\))h(if)g Fr(n)e Fu(is)i(not)150 665 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40
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10476b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(exist)g(it)g(is)f(created;)i
10477(if)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(exist)h(it)g(is)g(truncated)f(to)h(zero)g(size.)
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10478275 812 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for)h(redirecting)g(output)f(is:)390
10479959 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>[|])p Fj(word)275 1107 y Fu(If)g(the)h
10480(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)g(and)f(the)h
10481Ft(noclobber)d Fu(option)j(to)g(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)g(has)h(b)s
10482(een)150 1216 y(enabled,)h(the)g(redirection)h(will)f(fail)h(if)e(the)i
10483(\014le)e(whose)h(name)g(results)g(from)f(the)h(expansion)g(of)g
10484Fr(w)m(ord)150 1326 y Fu(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41
37c41ab1 10485b(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p
6e51e0d0 10486Ft(>|)p Fu(',)h(or)f(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)150
037a8b7f 104871435 y(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')36 b(and)f(the)g Ft(noclobber)e
6e51e0d0 10488Fu(option)j(is)g(not)g(enabled,)h(the)e(redirection)h(is)g(attempted)g
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10489(ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 1545 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g
10490Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(exists.)150 1757 y Fk(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42
10491b(Redirected)e(Output)150 1904 y Fu(Redirection)23 b(of)e(output)h(in)f
74d0116b 10492(this)h(fashion)f(causes)h(the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f
037a8b7f 10493(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)150 2013 y Fr(w)m(ord)28
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10494b Fu(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)h(app)s(ending)e(on)i(\014le)g
10495(descriptor)g Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)g(standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g
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10509i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e(is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30
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10512b(using)g(the)h(second)f(form,)k Fr(w)m(ord)f Fu(ma)m(y)e(not)g(expand)
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10527y Fu(\(see)31 b(Duplicating)h(File)f(Descriptors)g(b)s(elo)m(w\).)p
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10545y(\014lename)38 b(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i
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105632285 y(b)s(e)e(inden)m(ted)g(in)g(a)h(natural)f(fashion.)150
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10566(is:)390 2814 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<<<)46 b Fj(word)275
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10583(descriptor.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(digits)g(in)f Fr(w)m(ord)150
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fc527055 10604eop end
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10605%%Page: 36 42
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10611(\014le)g(descriptor)f Fr(digit)k Fu(to)d(\014le)g(descriptor)g
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106201297 y(if)i Fr(n)g Fu(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150
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10627b(on)f(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(n)p Fu(,)h(or)g(on)f(\014le)h
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10629b(If)32 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)150 2098 y(exist,)e(it)g(is)g
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106342795 y(men)m(ts,)e(and)f(redirections,)h(from)f(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)
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10646b(Redirections)25 b(are)f(p)s(erformed)f(as)h(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m
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037a8b7f 120302315 y Ft(-O)384 b Fu(Begin)31 b(assigning)g(to)g Fr(arra)m(y)39
fc527055 12031b Fu(at)31 b(index)f Fr(origin)p Fu(.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(index)f
037a8b7f
CR
12032(is)g(0.)630 2477 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Discard)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g
12033Fr(coun)m(t)j Fu(lines)e(read.)630 2640 y Ft(-t)384 b
0385211b 12034Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g Fr(delim)g Fu(\(default)g
037a8b7f 12035(newline\))f(from)g(eac)m(h)i(line)f(read.)630 2803 y
0385211b
CR
12036Ft(-u)384 b Fu(Read)31 b(lines)f(from)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f
12037Fr(fd)j Fu(instead)e(of)f(the)h(standard)e(input.)630
037a8b7f 120382966 y Ft(-C)384 b Fu(Ev)-5 b(aluate)33 b Fr(callbac)m(k)39
fc527055 12039b Fu(eac)m(h)33 b(time)f Fr(quan)m(tum)p Fu(P)f(lines)h(are)g(read.)45
037a8b7f
CR
12040b(The)31 b Ft(-c)g Fu(op-)1110 3075 y(tion)g(sp)s(eci\014es)f
12041Fr(quan)m(tum)p Fu(.)630 3238 y Ft(-c)384 b Fu(Sp)s(ecify)30
fc527055 12042b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(lines)f(read)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(eac)m
037a8b7f 12043(h)g(call)h(to)f Fr(callbac)m(k)p Fu(.)630 3401 y(If)36
fc527055
CR
12044b Ft(-C)g Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(without)g Ft(-c)p
12045Fu(,)h(the)g(default)f(quan)m(tum)g(is)h(5000.)60 b(When)36
037a8b7f 12046b Fr(callbac)m(k)44 b Fu(is)630 3510 y(ev)-5 b(aluated,)30
fc527055 12047b(it)e(is)g(supplied)f(the)h(index)f(of)i(the)f(next)g(arra)m(y)g
037a8b7f 12048(elemen)m(t)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(assigned)i(and)630 3620 y(the)39
fc527055
CR
12049b(line)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(to)h(that)f(elemen)m(t)i(as)e
12050(additional)h(argumen)m(ts.)66 b Fr(callbac)m(k)47 b
037a8b7f 12051Fu(is)630 3729 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(after)e(the)h(line)g(is)f(read)g
fc527055 12052(but)g(b)s(efore)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)g(is)g(assigned.)630
037a8b7f 120533866 y(If)25 b(not)g(supplied)f(with)h(an)g(explicit)i(origin,)g
6e51e0d0 12054Ft(mapfile)c Fu(will)j(clear)g Fr(arra)m(y)34 b Fu(b)s(efore)24
037a8b7f 12055b(assigning)630 3975 y(to)31 b(it.)630 4111 y Ft(mapfile)41
6e51e0d0 12056b Fu(returns)g(successfully)i(unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5
1101193a 12057b(alid)43 b(option)g(or)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)630
037a8b7f 120584221 y(supplied,)29 b Fr(arra)m(y)39 b Fu(is)30 b(in)m(v)-5
6e51e0d0
CR
12059b(alid)31 b(or)g(unassignable,)f(or)h Fr(arra)m(y)38
12060b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(an)h(indexed)e(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150
037a8b7f
CR
120614384 y Ft(printf)870 4520 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)p
12062Ft(])g Fj(format)f Ft([)p Fj(arguments)p Ft(])630 4656
6e51e0d0
CR
12063y Fu(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fr(argumen)m(ts)k
12064Fu(to)d(the)f(standard)f(output)h(under)e(the)i(con)m(trol)i(of)e(the)
037a8b7f 12065630 4765 y Fr(format)p Fu(.)66 b(The)39 b Ft(-v)f Fu(option)h(causes)g
6e51e0d0 12066(the)g(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(assigned)h(to)h(the)f(v)-5
037a8b7f 12067b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)630 4875 y Fu(rather)30 b(than)g(b)s(eing)g
8a0829e9 12068(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 5011
6e51e0d0
CR
12069y(The)36 b Fr(format)i Fu(is)f(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(string)e(whic)m(h)g
12070(con)m(tains)i(three)e(t)m(yp)s(es)g(of)h(ob)5 b(jects:)53
8a0829e9 12071b(plain)630 5121 y(c)m(haracters,)41 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(simply)e
1101193a 12072(copied)i(to)g(standard)f(output,)i(c)m(haracter)g(escap)s(e)e(se-)630
8a0829e9
CR
120735230 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to)
12074g(the)g(standard)f(output,)i(and)f(format)630 5340 y(sp)s
6e51e0d0 12075(eci\014cations,)j(eac)m(h)e(of)g(whic)m(h)f(causes)g(prin)m(ting)g(of)
8a0829e9
CR
12076h(the)f(next)h(successiv)m(e)g Fr(argumen)m(t)p Fu(.)p
12077eop end
1101193a 12078%%Page: 55 61
6e51e0d0 12079TeXDict begin 55 60 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8a0829e9
CR
12080b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(55)630 299 y(In)24
12081b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(standard)f Ft(printf\(1\))e Fu(formats,)27
12082b Ft(printf)c Fu(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)630
33723c84
CR
12083408 y(extensions:)630 573 y Ft(\045b)384 b Fu(Causes)38
12084b Ft(printf)f Fu(to)j(expand)e(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(e)g(sequences)g
12085(in)f(the)h(cor-)1110 682 y(resp)s(onding)31 b Fr(argumen)m(t)j
12086Fu(in)e(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)h(as)g Ft(echo)c(-e)j
12087Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)1110 792 y([Bash)e(Builtins],)g(page)g(48\).)
12088630 956 y Ft(\045q)384 b Fu(Causes)32 b Ft(printf)e Fu(to)i(output)g
12089(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(in)d(a)i(format)1110
120901066 y(that)e(can)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h(shell)f(input.)630
120911230 y Ft(\045\()p Fj(datefmt)p Ft(\)T)1110 1340 y Fu(Causes)f
12092Ft(printf)e Fu(to)j(output)f(the)g(date-time)i(string)e(resulting)h
12093(from)e(using)1110 1450 y Fr(datefm)m(t)45 b Fu(as)d(a)g(format)g
12094(string)g(for)g Ft(strftime)p Fu(\(3\).)74 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding)
120951110 1559 y Fr(argumen)m(t)h Fu(is)e(an)g(in)m(teger)i(represen)m(ting)
12096e(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)g(since)1110 1669
12097y(the)24 b(ep)s(o)s(c)m(h.)38 b(Tw)m(o)24 b(sp)s(ecial)h(argumen)m(t)f
12098(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used:)36 b(-1)25
12099b(represen)m(ts)1110 1778 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i
12100(represen)m(ts)f(the)g(time)h(the)f(shell)g(w)m(as)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)
121011110 1888 y(If)38 b(no)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)i(con)m(v)m
ad4aef08 12102(ersion)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)g(if)f(-1)h(had)f(b)s(een)1110
33723c84
CR
121031998 y(giv)m(en.)k(This)29 b(is)i(an)f(exception)i(to)f(the)f(usual)g
12104Ft(printf)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior.)630 2162 y(Argumen)m(ts)f(to)h
ad4aef08 12105(non-string)e(format)i(sp)s(eci\014ers)e(are)h(treated)h(as)g(C)e
33723c84 12106(language)j(constan)m(ts,)630 2271 y(except)22 b(that)g(a)g(leading)g
ad4aef08 12107(plus)e(or)h(min)m(us)f(sign)i(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed,)k(and)c(if)g(the)g
33723c84 12108(leading)h(c)m(haracter)h(is)630 2381 y(a)i(single)g(or)f(double)h
ad4aef08
CR
12109(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5
12110b(alue)25 b(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(c)m(haracter.)630
33723c84 121112518 y(The)31 b Fr(format)i Fu(is)f(reused)e(as)i(necessary)f(to)i
6e51e0d0 12112(consume)e(all)h(of)f(the)h Fr(argumen)m(ts)p Fu(.)44
33723c84 12113b(If)30 b(the)i Fr(for-)630 2628 y(mat)c Fu(requires)e(more)g
6e51e0d0 12114Fr(argumen)m(ts)k Fu(than)25 b(are)i(supplied,)e(the)h(extra)h(format)f
33723c84 12115(sp)s(eci\014cations)630 2737 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)j(as)g(if)f(a)h(zero)g
ad4aef08 12116(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(or)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(as)g(appropriate,)g(had)f(b)
33723c84 12117s(een)g(supplied.)38 b(The)630 2847 y(return)29 b(v)-5
ad4aef08 12118b(alue)31 b(is)g(zero)g(on)f(success,)h(non-zero)g(on)f(failure.)150
33723c84 121193011 y Ft(read)870 3148 y(read)47 b([-ers])f([-a)h Fj(aname)p
6e51e0d0 12120Ft(])f([-d)h Fj(delim)p Ft(])f([-i)h Fj(text)p Ft(])f([-n)h
33723c84 12121Fj(nchars)p Ft(])1061 3258 y([-N)g Fj(nchars)p Ft(])f([-p)h
6e51e0d0 12122Fj(prompt)p Ft(])e([-t)i Fj(timeout)p Ft(])f([-u)h Fj(fd)p
33723c84 12123Ft(])g([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...)o(])630 3395 y Fu(One)26
6e51e0d0 12124b(line)h(is)g(read)f(from)h(the)f(standard)g(input,)h(or)g(from)f(the)h
33723c84 12125(\014le)f(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(supplied)630 3504 y(as)23
6e51e0d0
CR
12126b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)f(the)h Ft(-u)e Fu(option,)j(and)e(the)g
12127(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)h(is)g(assigned)g(to)h(the)f(\014rst)g
33723c84 12128Fr(name)p Fu(,)630 3614 y(the)32 b(second)g(w)m(ord)f(to)i(the)f
6e51e0d0 12129(second)g Fr(name)p Fu(,)g(and)g(so)g(on,)g(with)f(lefto)m(v)m(er)j(w)m
33723c84 12130(ords)e(and)f(their)630 3724 y(in)m(terv)m(ening)f(separators)g
6e51e0d0 12131(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(last)g Fr(name)p Fu(.)40 b(If)29
33723c84 12132b(there)h(are)g(few)m(er)f(w)m(ords)g(read)630 3833 y(from)36
6e51e0d0 12133b(the)i(input)d(stream)j(than)e(names,)j(the)e(remaining)g(names)g(are)
33723c84 12134g(assigned)h(empt)m(y)630 3943 y(v)-5 b(alues.)40 b(The)26
6e51e0d0
CR
12135b(c)m(haracters)j(in)d(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)g(the)g
12136Ft(IFS)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(are)f(used)g(to)g(split)g(the)h(line)
33723c84 12137630 4052 y(in)m(to)36 b(w)m(ords)e(using)g(the)h(same)g(rules)f(the)h
6e51e0d0 12138(shell)g(uses)f(for)g(expansion)h(\(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)630
33723c84 121394162 y(in)j(Section)h(3.5.7)i([W)-8 b(ord)38 b(Splitting],)i(page)e
8a0829e9 12140(30\).)63 b(The)37 b(bac)m(kslash)h(c)m(haracter)h(`)p
33723c84 12141Ft(\\)p Fu(')e(ma)m(y)630 4271 y(b)s(e)28 b(used)g(to)i(remo)m(v)m(e)g
6e51e0d0 12142(an)m(y)f(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)f(for)g(the)g(next)g(c)m(haracter)h
33723c84 12143(read)f(and)f(for)h(line)630 4381 y(con)m(tin)m(uation.)42
6e51e0d0 12144b(If)27 b(no)h(names)f(are)h(supplied,)g(the)f(line)h(read)g(is)g
33723c84 12145(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)630 4491 y Ft(REPLY)p
bce12dd7 12146Fu(.)67 b(The)39 b(exit)h(status)g(is)f(zero,)k(unless)c(end-of-\014le)
33723c84 12147h(is)g(encoun)m(tered,)i Ft(read)c Fu(times)630 4600
bce12dd7
CR
12148y(out)32 b(\(in)g(whic)m(h)g(case)h(the)f(status)h(is)f(greater)h(than)
12149f(128\),)i(a)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)h(error)630
33723c84 121504710 y(\(suc)m(h)28 b(as)h(assigning)g(to)g(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5
6e51e0d0 12151b(ariable\))29 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(or)f(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)29
33723c84
CR
12152b(\014le)g(descriptor)f(is)630 4819 y(supplied)h(as)i(the)f(argumen)m
12153(t)h(to)g Ft(-u)p Fu(.)630 4956 y(Options,)f(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m
8a0829e9 12154(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 5121 y Ft(-a)e
6e51e0d0
CR
12155Fj(aname)114 b Fu(The)34 b(w)m(ords)f(are)i(assigned)f(to)h(sequen)m
12156(tial)h(indices)e(of)g(the)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110
8a0829e9 121575230 y Fr(aname)p Fu(,)29 b(starting)h(at)f(0.)40 b(All)29
6e51e0d0 12158b(elemen)m(ts)h(are)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(from)d Fr(aname)34
8a0829e9
CR
12159b Fu(b)s(efore)1110 5340 y(the)d(assignmen)m(t.)41 b(Other)30
12160b Fr(name)36 b Fu(argumen)m(ts)30 b(are)h(ignored.)p
12161eop end
fc527055
CR
12162%%Page: 56 62
12163TeXDict begin 56 61 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8a0829e9
CR
12164b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(56)630 299 y Ft(-d)30
12165b Fj(delim)114 b Fu(The)41 b(\014rst)h(c)m(haracter)h(of)f
12166Fr(delim)g Fu(is)g(used)g(to)g(terminate)h(the)f(input)f(line,)1110
0385211b 12167408 y(rather)30 b(than)g(newline.)630 560 y Ft(-e)384
6e51e0d0 12168b Fu(Readline)46 b(\(see)g(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)h(Editing],)50
900a813b 12169b(page)45 b(103\))i(is)1110 669 y(used)37 b(to)i(obtain)g(the)f(line.)
9f178efb 1217065 b(Readline)39 b(uses)e(the)i(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g(default,)j(if)1110
0385211b
CR
12171779 y(line)31 b(editing)g(w)m(as)f(not)h(previously)f(activ)m(e\))j
12172(editing)e(settings.)630 930 y Ft(-i)f Fj(text)162 b
6e51e0d0 12173Fu(If)36 b(Readline)i(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used)f(to)h(read)g(the)g(line,)j
0385211b
CR
12174Fr(text)f Fu(is)e(placed)h(in)m(to)g(the)1110 1040 y(editing)31
12175b(bu\013er)e(b)s(efore)h(editing)h(b)s(egins.)630 1191
fc527055 12176y Ft(-n)f Fj(nchars)66 b Ft(read)38 b Fu(returns)f(after)j(reading)f
15baad62 12177Fr(nc)m(hars)j Fu(c)m(haracters)e(rather)f(than)g(w)m(aiting)1110
0385211b
CR
121781301 y(for)d(a)h(complete)h(line)f(of)g(input,)g(but)f(honors)g(a)h
12179(delimiter)g(if)f(few)m(er)h(than)1110 1410 y Fr(nc)m(hars)d
8a0829e9 12180Fu(c)m(haracters)e(are)e(read)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g(delimiter.)630
0385211b 121811562 y Ft(-N)g Fj(nchars)66 b Ft(read)39 b Fu(returns)f(after)j
fc527055 12182(reading)e(exactly)j Fr(nc)m(hars)h Fu(c)m(haracters)f(rather)d(than)
0385211b
CR
121831110 1671 y(w)m(aiting)32 b(for)f(a)g(complete)i(line)e(of)g(input,)g
12184(unless)f(EOF)h(is)g(encoun)m(tered)g(or)1110 1781 y
fc527055 12185Ft(read)f Fu(times)i(out.)43 b(Delimiter)33 b(c)m(haracters)f(encoun)m
0385211b 12186(tered)g(in)f(the)g(input)g(are)1110 1891 y(not)g(treated)h(sp)s
fc527055 12187(ecially)f(and)f(do)h(not)g(cause)g Ft(read)e Fu(to)j(return)d(un)m
0385211b
CR
12188(til)i Fr(nc)m(hars)1110 2000 y Fu(c)m(haracters)26 b(are)f(read.)38
12189b(The)24 b(result)g(is)h(not)f(split)h(on)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)e
12190Ft(IFS)p Fu(;)1110 2110 y(the)e(in)m(ten)m(t)i(is)e(that)h(the)f(v)-5
12191b(ariable)23 b(is)f(assigned)g(exactly)i(the)e(c)m(haracters)i(read)
121921110 2219 y(\(with)30 b(the)h(exception)h(of)e(bac)m(kslash;)h(see)g
12193(the)g Ft(-r)f Fu(option)h(b)s(elo)m(w\).)630 2371 y
12194Ft(-p)f Fj(prompt)66 b Fu(Displa)m(y)38 b Fr(prompt)p
6e51e0d0 12195Fu(,)g(without)e(a)h(trailing)h(newline,)h(b)s(efore)d(attempting)i(to)
0385211b
CR
121961110 2480 y(read)f(an)m(y)h(input.)60 b(The)37 b(prompt)g(is)g(displa)m
12197(y)m(ed)h(only)f(if)g(input)g(is)g(coming)1110 2590 y(from)30
12198b(a)h(terminal.)630 2741 y Ft(-r)384 b Fu(If)21 b(this)h(option)g(is)f
6e51e0d0 12199(giv)m(en,)k(bac)m(kslash)d(do)s(es)f(not)h(act)h(as)f(an)f(escap)s(e)h
0385211b 12200(c)m(haracter.)1110 2851 y(The)30 b(bac)m(kslash)i(is)f(considered)g
6e51e0d0 12201(to)h(b)s(e)e(part)h(of)g(the)g(line.)43 b(In)30 b(particular,)i(a)1110
0385211b
CR
122022960 y(bac)m(kslash-newline)f(pair)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(as)i
12203(a)g(line)f(con)m(tin)m(uation.)630 3112 y Ft(-s)384
6e51e0d0 12204b Fu(Silen)m(t)28 b(mo)s(de.)40 b(If)27 b(input)f(is)i(coming)g(from)f
0385211b
CR
12205(a)h(terminal,)h(c)m(haracters)g(are)f(not)1110 3221
12206y(ec)m(ho)s(ed.)630 3373 y Ft(-t)i Fj(timeout)1110 3482
6e51e0d0 12207y Fu(Cause)42 b Ft(read)g Fu(to)h(time)h(out)f(and)f(return)f(failure)i
0385211b 12208(if)g(a)g(complete)h(line)f(of)1110 3592 y(input)26 b(\(or)h(a)g(sp)s
6e51e0d0 12209(eci\014ed)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(c)m(haracters\))h(is)f(not)g(read)g
0385211b 12210(within)f Fr(time-)1110 3701 y(out)37 b Fu(seconds.)53
6e51e0d0 12211b Fr(timeout)38 b Fu(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)f(a)h(decimal)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d
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14304%%Page: 87 93
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14374%%Page: 88 94
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CR
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14706%%Page: 92 98
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14774%%Page: 93 99
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14830Ft(+)f Fu(patc)m(hlev)m(el)i(\(e.g.,)h(2.00.0\))p eop
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14908%%Page: 95 101
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14996%%Page: 96 102
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15434h Fm(id)p Fu(s.)150 649 y Fs(7.3)68 b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)h(V)-11
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900a813b 15462%%Page: 103 109
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15503(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)f(to)i(w)m(ork)f(as)h(a)f(Meta)i
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155052958 y(mo)s(di\014er,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)g(a)h(Comp)s(ose)f(k)m(ey)h(for)f
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15507b(y)m(ou)i(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(Meta)g(or)g Ft(ALT)e
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15511Ft(ESC)e Fl(\014rst)p Fu(,)j(and)e(then)g(t)m(yping)h
15512Ft(k)p Fu(.)40 b(Either)28 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)g(kno)m(wn)150
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155133346 y(as)j Fr(metafying)39 b Fu(the)30 b Ft(k)g Fu(k)m(ey)-8
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15516(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)150 3624 y Fr(metafying)g Fj(C-k)p
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15526b Ft(RET)f Fu(k)m(ey)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(lab)s(eled)h
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15530m(yp)s(e)g(in)f(a)h(long)g(line)g(of)f(text,)j(only)d(to)i(notice)g
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15534(as)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)g(in,)g(allo)m(wing)h(y)m(ou)f(to)h
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15540(the)f(corrections.)54 b(Then,)150 5121 y(when)24 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g
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15545(of)f(the)h(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(cursor)150 5340
15546y(within)c(the)g(line.)p eop end
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15547%%Page: 104 110
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15558y(Sometimes)i(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)e(a)i(c)m(haracter,)g
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15576150 1775 y Fj(C-b)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m
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15581(underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150 2550 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630
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15585b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)h(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g
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15587b(on)h(y)m(our)f(con\014guration,)i(the)e Ft(Backspace)e
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15590Ft(DEL)g Fu(k)m(ey)h(set)f(to)h(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i
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15599(in)h(addition)150 4006 y(to)j Fj(C-b)p Fu(,)f Fj(C-f)p
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15602(the)150 4116 y(line.)150 4286 y Fj(C-a)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
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c302751c 15606(where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(comp)s(osed)g(of)h(letters)h(and)d(digits.)
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15783%%Page: 107 113
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15851%%Page: 108 114
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16755e(completion)h(is)630 2901 y(attempted.)150 3072 y Ft
16756(possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 3182 y Fu(List)35
74d0116b 16757b(the)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(of)e(the)h(text)h(b)s(efore)e(p)s
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16759y(pletions,)f(Readline)f(sets)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(columns)f
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16763b Ft(COLUMNS)p Fu(,)630 3510 y(or)30 b(the)h(screen)f(width,)g(in)g
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167673901 y(b)m(y)g Ft(possible-completions)p Fu(.)150 4073
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16777Fu(\))e(and)h(the)h(original)i(text)f(is)f(restored.)57
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16783(ound)e(to)630 4949 y Ft(TAB)p Fu(,)30 b(but)f(is)i(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m
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16787(p)s(ossible)630 5340 y(completions,)d(as)e(if)h Ft(menu-complete)26
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16789eop end
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16790%%Page: 124 130
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16822(hostname.)150 3191 y Ft(complete-command)h(\(M-!\))630
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168324024 y(name.)150 4200 y Ft(dynamic-complete-history)e(\(M-TAB\))630
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16846%%Page: 125 131
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16849b(Keyb)s(oard)41 b(Macros)150 469 y Ft(start-kbd-macro)26
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16877b(.)630 3307 y(T)m(yping)30 b(`)p Ft(ESC)g(f)p Fu(')g(is)h(equiv)-5
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17125s(eci\014ed)f(with)g Ft(-F)g Fu(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(\014rst.)53
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186684876 y(user)40 b(\()p Ft(UID)p Fu(,)i Ft(EUID)p Fu(,)g(and)e
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18675(details.)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)44 b Ft(IFS)f
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18679b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h(hole.)p
18680eop end
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18681%%Page: 151 157
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18736b Fu(Bash)33 b(can)f(op)s(en)g(net)m(w)m(ork)i(connections)f(to)h
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18746Ft(noclobber)p Fu(.)225 3824 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)34
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187493934 y(tak)m(e)c Ft(-L)e Fu(and)f Ft(-P)h Fu(options)h(to)g(switc)m(h)g
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18774%%Page: 152 158
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18802(line)g(ending)330 1724 y(in)i(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')h(with)f(the)g
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18835y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)31 b(`)p Ft(-x)p Fu(')g(\()p Ft(xtrace)p
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18844b(argumen)m(ts.)225 4080 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)31 b(includes)g(the)h
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37c41ab1 19211(either)h(co)m(v)m(er)i(are)e(to)s(o)g(v)m(oluminous)g(to)g(\014t)g
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37c41ab1
CR
19213(ones)h(listed)g(\(as)h(man)m(y)f(as)g(\014t)g(reasonably\))g(on)g(the)
19214g(actual)h(co)m(v)m(er,)h(and)e(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(the)330
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37c41ab1
CR
19216y(If)27 b(y)m(ou)g(publish)e(or)i(distribute)g(Opaque)f(copies)i(of)f
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1231ac47 19220330 3270 y(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(or)d(state)h(in)f(or)g(with)g(eac)m(h)h
37c41ab1 19221(Opaque)e(cop)m(y)i(a)g(computer-net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cation)h(from)d
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37c41ab1 19223(has)h(access)i(to)f(do)m(wnload)f(using)g(public-standard)f(net)m(w)m
1231ac47 19224(ork)330 3489 y(proto)s(cols)40 b(a)f(complete)h(T)-8
5e13499c 19225b(ransparen)m(t)39 b(cop)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(free)d(of)g
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37c41ab1
CR
19229(Opaque)g(copies)h(in)e(quan)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(,)43 b(to)38
19230b(ensure)g(that)h(this)f(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)38 b(cop)m(y)h(will)330
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37c41ab1 19232(cation)h(un)m(til)e(at)h(least)h(one)e(y)m(ear)h(after)g(the)f(last)h
1231ac47 19233(time)330 3927 y(y)m(ou)37 b(distribute)f(an)h(Opaque)f(cop)m(y)i
37c41ab1 19234(\(directly)g(or)e(through)g(y)m(our)h(agen)m(ts)h(or)f(retailers\))h
1231ac47
CR
19235(of)f(that)330 4037 y(edition)31 b(to)g(the)g(public.)330
192364171 y(It)k(is)f(requested,)i(but)e(not)h(required,)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g
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37c41ab1 19239(er)d(of)i(copies,)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(them)f(a)g(c)m(hance)h(to)f(pro)m
1231ac47
CR
19240(vide)g(y)m(ou)330 4390 y(with)h(an)g(up)s(dated)f(v)m(ersion)i(of)g
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37c41ab1 19243h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)26 b(of)g(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(under)
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37c41ab1 19245m(e,)k(pro)m(vided)20 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(release)i(the)e(Mo)s(di\014ed)f
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37c41ab1
CR
19247b(License,)h(with)f(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)30
19248b(\014lling)f(the)g(role)h(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(th)m(us)f
1231ac47 19249(licensing)330 4987 y(distribution)k(and)h(mo)s(di\014cation)g(of)h
37c41ab1 19250(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)35 b(to)g(who)s(ev)m(er)f(p)s
1231ac47 19251(ossesses)f(a)i(cop)m(y)g(of)330 5096 y(it.)41 b(In)30
37c41ab1 19252b(addition,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f(these)h(things)f(in)g(the)h(Mo)s
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c2a47ea9
CR
19254b(in)f(the)h(Title)h(P)m(age)g(\(and)f(on)f(the)h(co)m(v)m(ers,)i(if)e
19255(an)m(y\))g(a)g(title)h(distinct)f(from)g(that)g(of)g(the)510
1231ac47 192565340 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)j(and)d(from)g(those)i(of)f(previous)f(v)m
c2a47ea9 19257(ersions)h(\(whic)m(h)g(should,)g(if)g(there)g(w)m(ere)g(an)m(y)-8
1231ac47 19258b(,)p eop end
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19259%%Page: 158 164
19260TeXDict begin 158 163 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29
ad4aef08 19261b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560
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ad4aef08
CR
19263(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)
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19267(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s(ersons)e(or)h(en)m(tities)j(resp)s(onsible)c
19268(for)510 655 y(authorship)c(of)h(the)h(mo)s(di\014cations)f(in)g(the)g
19269(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h
19270(\014v)m(e)510 765 y(of)c(the)g(principal)g(authors)f(of)i(the)f(Do)s
19271(cumen)m(t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f(principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g
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19273(y)m(ou)g(from)f(this)g(requiremen)m(t.)359 1011 y(C.)60
1231ac47
CR
19274b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g
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19277b(all)g(the)g(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(notices)f(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)
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19281y(F.)61 b(Include,)28 b(immediately)h(after)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g
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19285(form)510 1861 y(sho)m(wn)30 b(in)g(the)g(Addendum)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)353
192861998 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f
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1231ac47
CR
19288(required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 2107 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f
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37c41ab1 19292(\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g
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37c41ab1 19294(authors,)i(and)e(publisher)f(of)j(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8
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37c41ab1 19296b(If)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(section)i(En)m(titled)f(\\History")h(in)e
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37c41ab1 19298(title,)i(y)m(ear,)g(authors,)f(and)e(publisher)f(of)i(the)g(Do)s
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1231ac47
CR
19301b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2929 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m
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37c41ab1
CR
19309y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net)
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37c41ab1 19312(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(itself,)h(or)d(if)h(the)g(original)h(publisher)
1231ac47
CR
19313d(of)i(the)510 3614 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s
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37c41ab1 19317(preserv)m(e)h(in)f(the)h(section)g(all)h(the)e(substance)h(and)f(tone)
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37c41ab1
CR
19323b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5
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37c41ab1
CR
19326b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42
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1231ac47
CR
193284573 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357
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1231ac47
CR
19331(in)510 4819 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31
19332b(Section.)354 4956 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8
19333b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 5121 y(If)h(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g
37c41ab1 19334(V)-8 b(ersion)34 b(includes)f(new)g(fron)m(t-matter)i(sections)f(or)f
1231ac47 19335(app)s(endices)g(that)h(qualify)330 5230 y(as)28 b(Secondary)g
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1231ac47 19337(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)g(at)330 5340 y(y)m(our)k(option)h
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c2a47ea9 19340eop end
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19341%%Page: 159 165
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c2a47ea9 19343b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560
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1231ac47
CR
19345b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(in)f(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
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CR
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37c41ab1
CR
19364y(added)27 b(b)m(y)g(\(or)h(through)f(arrangemen)m(ts)h(made)g(b)m(y\))
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1231ac47
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19372(publisher)f(that)330 1789 y(added)e(the)g(old)h(one.)330
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1231ac47
CR
19377(Mo)s(di\014ed)330 2151 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)199 2293 y(5.)61
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037a8b7f
CR
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5e13499c 20935%%Trailer
37c41ab1 20936
5e13499c
CR
20937userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
20938%%EOF