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a2851804 4%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 2 21:08:36 2018
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1065cleartomark
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37c41ab1 1067%%EndFont
c302751c 1068%%BeginFont: CMMI9
45c0f7f8
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1069%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI9 003.002
1070%%Title: CMMI9
1071%Version: 003.002
1072%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1073%%Creator: David M. Jones
1074%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1075%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.
1076% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1077% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1078% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1079%%EndComments
1080FontDirectory/CMMI9 known{/CMMI9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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37c41ab1 108311 dict begin
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1084/FontType 1 def
1085/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
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45c0f7f8
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1088/PaintType 0 def
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1090/version (003.002) readonly def
1091/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.) readonly def
c302751c 1092/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1093/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1094/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1095/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
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1097/UnderlinePosition -100 def
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37c41ab1
CR
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1300cleartomark
45c0f7f8 1301{restore}if
37c41ab1
CR
1302%%EndFont
1303%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
1304%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSLTT10 003.002
1305%%Title: CMSLTT10
1306%Version: 003.002
1307%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1308%%Creator: David M. Jones
1309%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1310%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.
1311% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1312% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1313% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1314%%EndComments
1315FontDirectory/CMSLTT10 known{/CMSLTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
1316/UniqueID get 5000800 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
1317{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 131811 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
1319/FontType 1 def
1320/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
1321/FontName /CMSLTT10 def
1322/FontBBox {-20 -233 617 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
1323/PaintType 0 def
1324/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
1325/version (003.002) readonly def
1326/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1327/FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
1328/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1329/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1330/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
1331/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
1332/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1333/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 1334end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1335/Encoding 256 array
13360 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de 1337dup 39 /quoteright put
d3ad40de
CR
1338dup 45 /hyphen put
1339dup 48 /zero put
1340dup 49 /one put
1341dup 50 /two put
1342dup 51 /three put
1343dup 58 /colon put
1344dup 65 /A put
1345dup 67 /C put
1346dup 68 /D put
1347dup 69 /E put
1348dup 70 /F put
1349dup 72 /H put
1350dup 73 /I put
1351dup 74 /J put
1352dup 76 /L put
1353dup 77 /M put
1354dup 78 /N put
1355dup 80 /P put
1356dup 82 /R put
1357dup 84 /T put
1358dup 88 /X put
1359dup 92 /backslash put
1360dup 95 /underscore put
1361dup 97 /a put
1362dup 98 /b put
1363dup 99 /c put
1364dup 100 /d put
1365dup 101 /e put
1366dup 102 /f put
1367dup 103 /g put
1368dup 104 /h put
1369dup 105 /i put
1370dup 106 /j put
1371dup 107 /k put
1372dup 108 /l put
1373dup 109 /m put
1374dup 110 /n put
1375dup 111 /o put
1376dup 112 /p put
1377dup 113 /q put
1378dup 114 /r put
1379dup 115 /s put
1380dup 116 /t put
1381dup 117 /u put
1382dup 118 /v put
1383dup 119 /w put
1384dup 120 /x put
1385dup 121 /y put
37c41ab1 1386readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1387currentdict end
1388currentfile eexec
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1819%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1820%%Creator: David M. Jones
1821%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1822%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.
1823% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1824% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1825% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1826%%EndComments
1827FontDirectory/CMTT9 known{/CMTT9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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37c41ab1 183011 dict begin
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CR
1831/FontType 1 def
1832/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
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1834/FontBBox {-6 -233 542 698 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
1835/PaintType 0 def
1836/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
1837/version (003.002) readonly def
1838/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1839/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
1840/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1841/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1842/ItalicAngle 0 def
1843/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
1844/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1845/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 1846end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1847/Encoding 256 array
18480 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
1849dup 33 /exclam put
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1851dup 36 /dollar put
1852dup 38 /ampersand put
1853dup 39 /quoteright put
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1855dup 41 /parenright put
1856dup 42 /asterisk put
1857dup 44 /comma put
1858dup 45 /hyphen put
1859dup 46 /period put
1860dup 47 /slash put
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1863dup 50 /two put
1864dup 51 /three put
1865dup 52 /four put
1866dup 58 /colon put
1867dup 59 /semicolon put
1868dup 60 /less put
1869dup 62 /greater put
1870dup 63 /question put
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1873dup 66 /B put
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1879dup 72 /H put
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1892dup 87 /W put
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1896dup 91 /bracketleft put
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1900dup 96 /quoteleft put
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1903dup 99 /c put
1904dup 100 /d put
1905dup 101 /e put
1906dup 102 /f put
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1908dup 104 /h put
1909dup 105 /i put
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1911dup 107 /k put
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1918dup 114 /r put
1919dup 115 /s put
1920dup 116 /t put
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1922dup 118 /v put
1923dup 119 /w put
1924dup 120 /x put
1925dup 121 /y put
1926dup 122 /z put
1927dup 123 /braceleft put
1928dup 125 /braceright put
1929dup 126 /asciitilde put
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37c41ab1 2489%%EndFont
c302751c 2490%%BeginFont: CMR10
45c0f7f8
CR
2491%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR10 003.002
2492%%Title: CMR10
2493%Version: 003.002
2494%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
2495%%Creator: David M. Jones
2496%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
2497%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR10.
2498% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
2499% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
2500% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
2501%%EndComments
2502FontDirectory/CMR10 known{/CMR10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
2503/UniqueID get 5000793 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
2504{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 250511 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
2506/FontType 1 def
2507/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
2508/FontName /CMR10 def
2509/FontBBox {-40 -250 1009 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
2510/PaintType 0 def
2511/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
2512/version (003.002) readonly def
2513/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR10.) readonly def
c302751c 2514/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2515/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2516/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2517/ItalicAngle 0 def
2518/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
2519/UnderlinePosition -100 def
2520/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 2521end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2522/Encoding 256 array
25230 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
2524dup 11 /ff put
2525dup 12 /fi put
c302751c
CR
2526dup 13 /fl put
2527dup 14 /ffi put
d3ad40de 2528dup 33 /exclam put
c302751c 2529dup 34 /quotedblright put
6e51e0d0 2530dup 35 /numbersign put
d3ad40de 2531dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c 2532dup 37 /percent put
a8fd3f3e 2533dup 38 /ampersand put
d3ad40de 2534dup 39 /quoteright put
c302751c
CR
2535dup 40 /parenleft put
2536dup 41 /parenright put
9f178efb 2537dup 42 /asterisk put
d3ad40de
CR
2538dup 44 /comma put
2539dup 45 /hyphen put
2540dup 46 /period put
c302751c 2541dup 47 /slash put
d3ad40de
CR
2542dup 48 /zero put
2543dup 49 /one put
2544dup 50 /two put
2545dup 51 /three put
2546dup 52 /four put
2547dup 53 /five put
2548dup 54 /six put
2549dup 55 /seven put
2550dup 56 /eight put
2551dup 57 /nine put
2552dup 58 /colon put
c302751c
CR
2553dup 59 /semicolon put
2554dup 61 /equal put
d3ad40de 2555dup 63 /question put
6e51e0d0 2556dup 64 /at put
d3ad40de
CR
2557dup 65 /A put
2558dup 66 /B put
2559dup 67 /C put
2560dup 68 /D put
2561dup 69 /E put
2562dup 70 /F put
2563dup 71 /G put
2564dup 72 /H put
2565dup 73 /I put
2566dup 74 /J put
2567dup 75 /K put
2568dup 76 /L put
2569dup 77 /M put
2570dup 78 /N put
2571dup 79 /O put
2572dup 80 /P put
2573dup 81 /Q put
2574dup 82 /R put
2575dup 83 /S put
2576dup 84 /T put
2577dup 85 /U put
2578dup 86 /V put
2579dup 87 /W put
2580dup 88 /X put
2581dup 89 /Y put
c302751c 2582dup 90 /Z put
d3ad40de 2583dup 91 /bracketleft put
c302751c 2584dup 92 /quotedblleft put
d3ad40de
CR
2585dup 93 /bracketright put
2586dup 96 /quoteleft put
2587dup 97 /a put
2588dup 98 /b put
2589dup 99 /c put
2590dup 100 /d put
2591dup 101 /e put
2592dup 102 /f put
2593dup 103 /g put
2594dup 104 /h put
2595dup 105 /i put
2596dup 106 /j put
2597dup 107 /k put
2598dup 108 /l put
2599dup 109 /m put
2600dup 110 /n put
2601dup 111 /o put
2602dup 112 /p put
2603dup 113 /q put
2604dup 114 /r put
2605dup 115 /s put
2606dup 116 /t put
2607dup 117 /u put
2608dup 118 /v put
2609dup 119 /w put
2610dup 120 /x put
2611dup 121 /y put
c302751c
CR
2612dup 122 /z put
2613dup 123 /endash put
2614dup 124 /emdash put
37c41ab1 2615readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2616currentdict end
2617currentfile eexec
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CR
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9f178efb
CR
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6e51e0d0
CR
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37c41ab1
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3415cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3416{restore}if
37c41ab1 3417%%EndFont
c302751c 3418%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
45c0f7f8
CR
3419%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMCSC10 003.002
3420%%Title: CMCSC10
3421%Version: 003.002
3422%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3423%%Creator: David M. Jones
3424%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3425%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.
3426% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3427% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3428% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3429%%EndComments
3430FontDirectory/CMCSC10 known{/CMCSC10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3431/UniqueID get 5087402 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3432{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 343311 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
3434/FontType 1 def
3435/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3436/FontName /CMCSC10 def
3437/FontBBox {14 -250 1077 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
3438/PaintType 0 def
3439/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
3440/version (003.002) readonly def
3441/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
3442/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
3443/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3444/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3445/ItalicAngle 0 def
3446/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
3447/UnderlinePosition -100 def
3448/UnderlineThickness 50 def
3449/ascent 750 def
c302751c 3450end readonly def
c302751c
CR
3451/Encoding 256 array
34520 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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3454dup 47 /slash put
3455dup 50 /two put
3456dup 97 /a put
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3458dup 99 /c put
3459dup 100 /d put
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3461dup 102 /f put
3462dup 103 /g put
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3473readonly def
c302751c
CR
3474currentdict end
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c302751c
CR
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3785cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3786{restore}if
c302751c 3787%%EndFont
037a8b7f
CR
3788%%BeginFont: CMTT12
3789%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT12 003.002
3790%%Title: CMTT12
3791%Version: 003.002
3792%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3793%%Creator: David M. Jones
3794%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3795%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.
3796% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3797% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3798% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3799%%EndComments
3800FontDirectory/CMTT12 known{/CMTT12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3801/UniqueID get 5000833 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3802{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
380311 dict begin
3804/FontType 1 def
3805/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3806/FontName /CMTT12 def
3807/FontBBox {-1 -234 524 695 }readonly def
3808/PaintType 0 def
3809/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
3810/version (003.002) readonly def
3811/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.) readonly def
3812/FullName (CMTT12) readonly def
3813/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3814/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3815/ItalicAngle 0 def
3816/isFixedPitch true def
3817/UnderlinePosition -100 def
3818/UnderlineThickness 50 def
3819end readonly def
3820/Encoding 256 array
38210 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3822dup 45 /hyphen put
3823dup 103 /g put
3824dup 104 /h put
3825dup 105 /i put
3826dup 108 /l put
3827dup 110 /n put
3828dup 111 /o put
3829dup 115 /s put
3830readonly def
3831currentdict end
3832currentfile eexec
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3914cleartomark
3915{restore}if
3916%%EndFont
6e51e0d0
CR
3917%%BeginFont: SFRM1095
3918%!FontType1-1.0: SFRM1095 0.3
3919%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 12 2001
3920% Copyright (c) 2001 Vladimir Volovich <vvv@vsu.ru>.
3921% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
3922% Converted from METAFONT EC/TC and LH fonts:
3923% ecrm1095, tcrm1095, larm1095, lbrm1095, lcrm1095, rxrm1095.
392411 dict begin
3925/FontInfo 6 dict dup begin
3926/version (0.3) def
3927/FullName (Computer Modern Roman) def
3928/FamilyName (Computer Modern) def
3929/ItalicAngle 0 def
3930/isFixedPitch false def
3931/Weight (Medium) def
3932end readonly def
3933/FontName /SFRM1095 def
3934/Encoding StandardEncoding def
3935/PaintType 0 def
3936/FontType 1 def
3937/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] def
3938/FontBBox{-188 -320 1445 942}readonly def
3939currentdict end
3940currentfile eexec
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4177cleartomark
4178%%EndFont
c302751c 4179%%BeginFont: CMBX12
45c0f7f8
CR
4180%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMBX12 003.002
4181%%Title: CMBX12
4182%Version: 003.002
4183%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
4184%%Creator: David M. Jones
4185%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
4186%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.
4187% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
4188% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
4189% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
4190%%EndComments
4191FontDirectory/CMBX12 known{/CMBX12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
4192/UniqueID get 5000769 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
4193{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 419411 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
4195/FontType 1 def
4196/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
4197/FontName /CMBX12 def
4198/FontBBox {-53 -251 1139 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
4199/PaintType 0 def
4200/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
4201/version (003.002) readonly def
4202/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
4203/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
4204/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
4205/Weight (Bold) readonly def
4206/ItalicAngle 0 def
4207/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
4208/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4209/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 4210end readonly def
c302751c
CR
4211/Encoding 256 array
42120 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4213dup 11 /ff put
4214dup 12 /fi put
4215dup 33 /exclam put
4216dup 35 /numbersign put
4217dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c
CR
4218dup 42 /asterisk put
4219dup 44 /comma put
4220dup 45 /hyphen put
4221dup 46 /period put
4222dup 48 /zero put
4223dup 49 /one put
4224dup 50 /two put
4225dup 51 /three put
4226dup 52 /four put
4227dup 53 /five put
4228dup 54 /six put
4229dup 55 /seven put
4230dup 56 /eight put
4231dup 57 /nine put
4232dup 58 /colon put
4233dup 63 /question put
4234dup 64 /at put
4235dup 65 /A put
4236dup 66 /B put
4237dup 67 /C put
4238dup 68 /D put
4239dup 69 /E put
4240dup 70 /F put
4241dup 71 /G put
4242dup 72 /H put
4243dup 73 /I put
4244dup 74 /J put
4245dup 75 /K put
4246dup 76 /L put
4247dup 77 /M put
4248dup 78 /N put
4249dup 79 /O put
4250dup 80 /P put
4251dup 81 /Q put
4252dup 82 /R put
4253dup 83 /S put
4254dup 84 /T put
4255dup 85 /U put
4256dup 86 /V put
4257dup 87 /W put
4258dup 88 /X put
4259dup 89 /Y put
4260dup 91 /bracketleft put
4261dup 93 /bracketright put
c302751c
CR
4262dup 97 /a put
4263dup 98 /b put
4264dup 99 /c put
4265dup 100 /d put
4266dup 101 /e put
4267dup 102 /f put
4268dup 103 /g put
4269dup 104 /h put
4270dup 105 /i put
4271dup 106 /j put
4272dup 107 /k put
4273dup 108 /l put
4274dup 109 /m put
4275dup 110 /n put
4276dup 111 /o put
4277dup 112 /p put
4278dup 113 /q put
4279dup 114 /r put
4280dup 115 /s put
4281dup 116 /t put
4282dup 117 /u put
4283dup 118 /v put
4284dup 119 /w put
4285dup 120 /x put
4286dup 121 /y put
037a8b7f 4287dup 123 /endash put
c302751c 4288readonly def
c302751c
CR
4289currentdict end
4290currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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c302751c
CR
48970000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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4905cleartomark
45c0f7f8 4906{restore}if
c302751c
CR
4907%%EndFont
4908%%BeginFont: CMTI10
45c0f7f8
CR
4909%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTI10 003.002
4910%%Title: CMTI10
4911%Version: 003.002
4912%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
4913%%Creator: David M. Jones
4914%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
4915%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.
4916% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
4917% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
4918% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
4919%%EndComments
4920FontDirectory/CMTI10 known{/CMTI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
4921/UniqueID get 5000828 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
4922{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 492311 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
4924/FontType 1 def
4925/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
4926/FontName /CMTI10 def
4927/FontBBox {-35 -250 1124 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
4928/PaintType 0 def
4929/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
4930/version (003.002) readonly def
4931/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
4932/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
4933/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
4934/Weight (Medium) readonly def
4935/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
4936/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
4937/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4938/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 4939end readonly def
c302751c
CR
4940/Encoding 256 array
49410 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4942dup 12 /fi put
4943dup 45 /hyphen put
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4947dup 101 /e put
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4960readonly def
c302751c
CR
4961currentdict end
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c302751c
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52860000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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52880000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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5293cleartomark
45c0f7f8 5294{restore}if
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5295%%EndFont
5296%%BeginFont: CMMI10
45c0f7f8
CR
5297%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI10 003.002
5298%%Title: CMMI10
5299%Version: 003.002
5300%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5301%%Creator: David M. Jones
5302%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5303%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.
5304% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5305% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5306% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5307%%EndComments
5308FontDirectory/CMMI10 known{/CMMI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5309/UniqueID get 5087385 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
5310{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 531111 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5312/FontType 1 def
5313/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
5314/FontName /CMMI10 def
5315/FontBBox {-32 -250 1048 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
5316/PaintType 0 def
5317/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
5318/version (003.002) readonly def
5319/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5320/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
5321/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5322/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5323/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5324/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
5325/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5326/UnderlineThickness 50 def
5327/ascent 750 def
c302751c 5328end readonly def
c302751c
CR
5329/Encoding 256 array
53300 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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5332readonly def
c302751c
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5333currentdict end
5334currentfile eexec
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c302751c
CR
55200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
55210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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5528cleartomark
45c0f7f8 5529{restore}if
c302751c
CR
5530%%EndFont
5531%%BeginFont: CMMI12
45c0f7f8
CR
5532%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI12 003.002
5533%%Title: CMMI12
5534%Version: 003.002
5535%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5536%%Creator: David M. Jones
5537%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5538%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.
5539% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5540% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5541% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5542%%EndComments
5543FontDirectory/CMMI12 known{/CMMI12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5544/UniqueID get 5087386 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
5545{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 554611 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5547/FontType 1 def
5548/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
5549/FontName /CMMI12 def
5550/FontBBox {-31 -250 1026 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
5551/PaintType 0 def
5552/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
5553/version (003.002) readonly def
5554/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5555/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
5556/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5557/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5558/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5559/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
5560/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5561/UnderlineThickness 50 def
5562/ascent 750 def
c302751c 5563end readonly def
c302751c
CR
5564/Encoding 256 array
55650 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
5566dup 58 /period put
5567readonly def
c302751c
CR
5568currentdict end
5569currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
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5766%%BeginFont: CMSY10
5767%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSY10 003.002
5768%%Title: CMSY10
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5769%Version: 003.002
5770%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5771%%Creator: David M. Jones
5772%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
0fcb3344 5773%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.
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5774% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5775% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5776% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5777%%EndComments
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CR
5778FontDirectory/CMSY10 known{/CMSY10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5779/UniqueID get 5096651 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
45c0f7f8 5780{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 578111 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
5782/FontType 1 def
5783/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
0fcb3344
CR
5784/FontName /CMSY10 def
5785/FontBBox {-29 -960 1116 775 }readonly def
5786/PaintType 0 def
5787/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
5788/version (003.002) readonly def
5789/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.) readonly def
5790/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
5791/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5792/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5793/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5794/isFixedPitch false def
5795/UnderlinePosition -100 def
5796/UnderlineThickness 50 def
5797end readonly def
5798/Encoding 256 array
57990 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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5801dup 13 /circlecopyrt put
5802dup 15 /bullet put
5803dup 33 /arrowright put
5804dup 55 /mapsto put
5805readonly def
5806currentdict end
5807currentfile eexec
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6019{restore}if
6020%%EndFont
6021%%BeginFont: CMSL10
6022%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSL10 003.002
6023%%Title: CMSL10
6024%Version: 003.002
6025%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
6026%%Creator: David M. Jones
6027%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
6028%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.
6029% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
6030% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
6031% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
6032%%EndComments
6033FontDirectory/CMSL10 known{/CMSL10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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6037/FontType 1 def
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6041/PaintType 0 def
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6043/version (003.002) readonly def
037a8b7f
CR
6044/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.) readonly def
6045/FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
c302751c
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6046/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
6047/Weight (Medium) readonly def
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c302751c 6049/isFixedPitch false def
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CR
6050/UnderlinePosition -100 def
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6053/Encoding 256 array
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6055dup 11 /ff put
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6113currentdict end
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c302751c
CR
67090000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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67110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
67120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
67130000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
67140000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
67150000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
67160000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6717cleartomark
45c0f7f8 6718{restore}if
c302751c
CR
6719%%EndFont
6720%%BeginFont: CMTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
6721%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT10 003.002
6722%%Title: CMTT10
6723%Version: 003.002
6724%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
6725%%Creator: David M. Jones
6726%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
6727%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.
6728% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
6729% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
6730% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
6731%%EndComments
6732FontDirectory/CMTT10 known{/CMTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
6733/UniqueID get 5000832 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
6734{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 673511 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
6736/FontType 1 def
6737/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
6738/FontName /CMTT10 def
6739/FontBBox {-4 -233 537 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
6740/PaintType 0 def
6741/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
6742/version (003.002) readonly def
6743/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
6744/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
6745/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
6746/Weight (Medium) readonly def
6747/ItalicAngle 0 def
6748/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
6749/UnderlinePosition -100 def
6750/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 6751end readonly def
c302751c
CR
6752/Encoding 256 array
67530 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
6754dup 33 /exclam put
6755dup 34 /quotedbl put
6756dup 35 /numbersign put
6757dup 36 /dollar put
6758dup 37 /percent put
6759dup 38 /ampersand put
6760dup 39 /quoteright put
6761dup 40 /parenleft put
6762dup 41 /parenright put
6763dup 42 /asterisk put
6764dup 43 /plus put
6765dup 44 /comma put
6766dup 45 /hyphen put
6767dup 46 /period put
6768dup 47 /slash put
6769dup 48 /zero put
6770dup 49 /one put
6771dup 50 /two put
6772dup 51 /three put
6773dup 52 /four put
6774dup 53 /five put
6775dup 54 /six put
6776dup 55 /seven put
6777dup 56 /eight put
6778dup 57 /nine put
6779dup 58 /colon put
6780dup 59 /semicolon put
6781dup 60 /less put
6782dup 61 /equal put
6783dup 62 /greater put
6784dup 63 /question put
6785dup 64 /at put
6786dup 65 /A put
6787dup 66 /B put
6788dup 67 /C put
6789dup 68 /D put
6790dup 69 /E put
6791dup 70 /F put
6792dup 71 /G put
6793dup 72 /H put
6794dup 73 /I put
6795dup 75 /K put
6796dup 76 /L put
6797dup 77 /M put
6798dup 78 /N put
6799dup 79 /O put
6800dup 80 /P put
6801dup 81 /Q put
6802dup 82 /R put
6803dup 83 /S put
6804dup 84 /T put
6805dup 85 /U put
6806dup 86 /V put
6807dup 87 /W put
6808dup 88 /X put
6809dup 89 /Y put
6810dup 90 /Z put
6811dup 91 /bracketleft put
6812dup 92 /backslash put
6813dup 93 /bracketright put
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6815dup 95 /underscore put
6816dup 96 /quoteleft put
6817dup 97 /a put
6818dup 98 /b put
6819dup 99 /c put
6820dup 100 /d put
6821dup 101 /e put
6822dup 102 /f put
6823dup 103 /g put
6824dup 104 /h put
6825dup 105 /i put
6826dup 106 /j put
6827dup 107 /k put
6828dup 108 /l put
6829dup 109 /m put
6830dup 110 /n put
6831dup 111 /o put
6832dup 112 /p put
6833dup 113 /q put
6834dup 114 /r put
6835dup 115 /s put
6836dup 116 /t put
6837dup 117 /u put
6838dup 118 /v put
6839dup 119 /w put
6840dup 120 /x put
6841dup 121 /y put
6842dup 122 /z put
6843dup 123 /braceleft put
6844dup 124 /bar put
6845dup 125 /braceright put
6846dup 126 /asciitilde put
6847readonly def
c302751c
CR
6848currentdict end
6849currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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9351b(scoping,)i(visible)e(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(and)f(their)h(v)-5
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9356b(sees)g(dep)s(ends)f(on)h(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(within)e(its)i
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9359(shell)g(function.)73 b(This)40 b(is)h(also)h(the)f(v)-5
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9364b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)48 b Fu(is)40 b(declared)h(as)g(lo)s(cal)h(in)f
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9369y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)37 b Fu(from)30 b
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9372b(follo)m(wing)j(script)f(demonstrates)f(this)h(b)s(eha)m(vior.)40
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93745091 y Ft(In)47 b(func2,)f(var)h(=)h(func1)e(local)390
93755230 y(func1\(\))390 5340 y({)p eop end
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9376%%Page: 19 25
9377TeXDict begin 19 24 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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9378b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(19)581 299
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9387b(ariable)37 b(found)d(in)150 1745 y(an)m(y)j(calling)h(scop)s(e)f(as)g
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9423b(A)23 b Fr(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b Fu(is)23 b(a)g(parameter)h(denoted)f(b)
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9430(set)g(if)f(it)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(assigned)h(a)g(v)-5
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9436(statemen)m(t)h(of)e(the)h(form)390 4441 y Fj(name)p
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9438b Fu(is)35 b(not)g(giv)m(en,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35
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9446b Fu(is)33 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(as)f(an)g(arithmetic)h(expression)f
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9451Ft("$@")f Fu(as)h(explained)g(b)s(elo)m(w.)54 b(Filename)36
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9456y Ft(readonly)p Fu(,)38 b(and)g Ft(local)f Fu(builtin)h(commands)g(\()p
9457Fr(declaration)j Fu(commands\).)64 b(When)39 b(in)f Fm(posix)f
a2851804 9458Fu(mo)s(de)p eop end
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9459%%Page: 20 26
9460TeXDict begin 20 25 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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9462y(\(see)33 b(Section)f(6.11)h([Bash)g(POSIX)d(Mo)s(de],)j(page)f(98\),)
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9467b(the)h(con)m(text)i(where)d(an)h(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(is)e
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9475(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h(\()p Fr(declaration)h
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9478Fr(in)m(teger)32 b Fu(attribute)24 b(has)g(b)s(een)f(set,)j
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9481b(ariable's)30 b(curren)m(t)g(v)-5 b(alue,)31 b(whic)m(h)e(is)h(also)h
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9486b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(is)g(not)g(unset)f(\(as)h(it)g(is)g(when)e(using)i
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9491b(alue)26 b(pairs)f(in)g(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8
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9496(assigned)i(the)f Fr(nameref)45 b Fu(attribute)29 b(using)f(the)g
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9501b(ariable.)40 b(This)24 b(allo)m(ws)j(v)-5 b(ariables)26
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9508b(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(nameref)f(v)-5 b(ariable's)31
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9514(its)f(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t,)h(running)390 2763 y Ft(declare)46
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9516(nameref)e(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b Fr(ref)49 b Fu(whose)32
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9522-5 b(ariable)30 b(whose)g(name)150 3219 y(w)m(as)h(passed)f(as)g
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9524b(ariable)32 b(in)g(a)f Ft(for)g Fu(lo)s(op)h(has)f(the)g(nameref)h
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9531b(nameref)d(v)-5 b(ariables)36 b(can)g(reference)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
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9539-5 b(ariable)31 b(will)g(b)s(e)f(unset.)150 4189 y Fk(3.4.1)63
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4d63a619 9729(lexicographically)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)e Fr(x)30 b Fu(and)24
879213c6 9730b Fr(y)p Fu(,)i(inclusiv)m(e,)h(using)d(the)150 408 y(default)32
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9731b(C)g(lo)s(cale.)48 b(Note)34 b(that)f(b)s(oth)e Fr(x)39
9732b Fu(and)31 b Fr(y)40 b Fu(m)m(ust)32 b(b)s(e)g(of)g(the)h(same)f(t)m
879213c6 9733(yp)s(e.)47 b(When)32 b(the)g(incremen)m(t)150 518 y(is)d(supplied,)g
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9734(it)h(is)f(used)f(as)i(the)f(di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(eac)m(h)
9735g(term.)41 b(The)29 b(default)g(incremen)m(t)h(is)f(1)h(or)f(-1)150
879213c6 9736628 y(as)i(appropriate.)275 764 y(Brace)36 b(expansion)g(is)f(p)s
1a5fa30b 9737(erformed)f(b)s(efore)h(an)m(y)h(other)g(expansions,)h(and)e(an)m(y)g
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9738(c)m(haracters)i(sp)s(ecial)150 873 y(to)32 b(other)g(expansions)g(are)
9739g(preserv)m(ed)f(in)h(the)f(result.)45 b(It)32 b(is)g(strictly)g
9740(textual.)46 b(Bash)32 b(do)s(es)f(not)h(apply)150 983
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9741y(an)m(y)27 b(syn)m(tactic)i(in)m(terpretation)g(to)f(the)f(con)m(text)
9742i(of)e(the)g(expansion)g(or)g(the)h(text)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)h
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9743(braces.)275 1119 y(A)h(correctly-formed)i(brace)f(expansion)f(m)m(ust)
9744h(con)m(tain)h(unquoted)e(op)s(ening)g(and)g(closing)i(braces,)150
97451228 y(and)h(at)i(least)g(one)f(unquoted)g(comma)g(or)g(a)h(v)-5
4d63a619 9746b(alid)33 b(sequence)g(expression.)48 b(An)m(y)33 b(incorrectly)h
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9747(formed)150 1338 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g(left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275
97481474 y(A)25 b Fi({)h Fu(or)f(`)p Ft(,)p Fu(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(quoted)
1a5fa30b 9749h(with)f(a)g(bac)m(kslash)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(its)g(b)s(eing)f
879213c6 9750(considered)g(part)g(of)h(a)g(brace)150 1583 y(expression.)51
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9751b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(a)m(v)m(oid)i(con\015icts)e(with)g(parameter)g
9752(expansion,)h(the)f(string)g(`)p Ft(${)p Fu(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)
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9753150 1693 y(eligible)e(for)e(brace)h(expansion,)f(and)g(inhibits)g
9754(brace)h(expansion)f(un)m(til)g(the)h(closing)h(`)p Ft(})p
9755Fu('..)275 1829 y(This)e(construct)h(is)g(t)m(ypically)i(used)d(as)h
9756(shorthand)f(when)g(the)h(common)g(pre\014x)f(of)h(the)g(strings)g(to)
9757150 1939 y(b)s(e)f(generated)h(is)g(longer)g(than)f(in)g(the)g(ab)s(o)m
9758(v)m(e)i(example:)390 2074 y Ft(mkdir)46 b(/usr/local/src/bash/{old,n)o
9759(ew,)o(dist)o(,bug)o(s})275 2210 y Fu(or)390 2346 y Ft(chown)g(root)h
4d63a619 9760(/usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/)o({ex?)o(.?*,)o(how)o(_ex})o(})150
879213c6 97612547 y Fk(3.5.2)63 b(Tilde)41 b(Expansion)150 2694 y
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9762Fu(If)29 b(a)h(w)m(ord)g(b)s(egins)f(with)g(an)h(unquoted)f(tilde)h(c)m
9763(haracter)h(\(`)p Ft(~)p Fu('\),)g(all)g(of)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)h(up)
879213c6 9764d(to)j(the)f(\014rst)150 2804 y(unquoted)24 b(slash)g(\(or)h(all)h(c)m
4d63a619 9765(haracters,)h(if)e(there)g(is)f(no)h(unquoted)e(slash\))i(are)g
879213c6 9766(considered)g(a)g Fr(tilde-pre\014x)p Fu(.)150 2913 y(If)38
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9767b(none)g(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f(are)h
9768(quoted,)h(the)f(c)m(haracters)h(in)d(the)i(tilde-pre\014x)150
879213c6 97693023 y(follo)m(wing)28 b(the)g(tilde)f(are)h(treated)g(as)f(a)g(p)s
4d63a619 9770(ossible)g Fr(login)h(name)p Fu(.)39 b(If)27 b(this)g(login)h(name)f
879213c6 9771(is)g(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string,)150 3132 y(the)35 b(tilde)g(is)g
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9772(replaced)g(with)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g
9773Ft(HOME)e Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)54 b(If)34 b Ft(HOME)g
879213c6 9774Fu(is)h(unset,)g(the)g(home)150 3242 y(directory)e(of)g(the)f(user)g
4d63a619 9775(executing)i(the)e(shell)h(is)f(substituted)g(instead.)47
879213c6 9776b(Otherwise,)33 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x)150 3352 y(is)d(replaced)h(with)
4d63a619 9777f(the)h(home)f(directory)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)
879213c6 9778e(login)j(name.)275 3487 y(If)g(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)h(`)p
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9779Ft(~+)p Fu(',)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g(shell)g(v)-5
9780b(ariable)34 b Ft(PWD)d Fu(replaces)j(the)f(tilde-pre\014x.)47
879213c6 9781b(If)150 3597 y(the)31 b(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)g(`)p Ft(~-)p
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9782Fu(',)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h(v)-5
9783b(ariable)31 b Ft(OLDPWD)p Fu(,)e(if)h(it)h(is)g(set,)g(is)f
879213c6 9784(substituted.)275 3733 y(If)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)h(follo)m(wing)h(the)
4d63a619 9785e(tilde)g(in)g(the)g(tilde-pre\014x)g(consist)g(of)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
879213c6 9786(er)d Fr(N)p Fu(,)j(optionally)150 3843 y(pre\014xed)22
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9787b(b)m(y)h(a)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)j(the)d
9788(tilde-pre\014x)g(is)h(replaced)f(with)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e
879213c6 9789(elemen)m(t)j(from)e(the)150 3952 y(directory)36 b(stac)m(k,)i(as)e(it)
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9790g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f
9791Ft(dirs)g Fu(builtin)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(c)m(haracters)
879213c6 9792150 4062 y(follo)m(wing)40 b(tilde)f(in)g(the)f(tilde-pre\014x)h(as)g
4d63a619 9793(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(\(see)h(Section)f(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m
879213c6 9794(k],)150 4171 y(page)c(95\).)57 b(If)35 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans)
4d63a619 9795e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(without)i(a)f
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9796(leading)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')g(or)150 4281 y(`)p Ft(-)p
9797Fu(',)31 b(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(is)h(assumed.)275 4417 y(If)e(the)i(login)
4d63a619 9798g(name)g(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)31 b(or)g(the)f(tilde)h(expansion)f
124d67cd 9799(fails,)i(the)e(w)m(ord)g(is)h(left)g(unc)m(hanged.)275
879213c6 98004553 y(Eac)m(h)38 b(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(assignmen)m(t)h(is)e(c)m(hec)m
124d67cd 9801(k)m(ed)j(for)d(unquoted)g(tilde-pre\014xes)h(immediately)g(follo)m
879213c6 9802(wing)150 4662 y(a)d(`)p Ft(:)p Fu(')g(or)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p
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9803Ft(=)p Fu('.)54 b(In)34 b(these)h(cases,)i(tilde)e(expansion)g(is)g
9804(also)h(p)s(erformed.)52 b(Consequen)m(tly)-8 b(,)37
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9805b(one)150 4772 y(ma)m(y)29 b(use)e(\014lenames)h(with)g(tildes)g(in)g
9806(assignmen)m(ts)g(to)h Ft(PATH)p Fu(,)f Ft(MAILPATH)p
9807Fu(,)e(and)h Ft(CDPATH)p Fu(,)g(and)h(the)g(shell)150
98084882 y(assigns)j(the)f(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue.)275 5018
9809y(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)j(table)g(sho)m(ws)e(ho)m(w)g(Bash)h(treats)g
9810(unquoted)e(tilde-pre\014xes:)150 5179 y Ft(~)432 b Fu(The)30
9811b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Ft($HOME)150 5340 y(~/foo)240
9812b($HOME/foo)p eop end
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9813%%Page: 24 30
9814TeXDict begin 24 29 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
9815b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(24)150 299
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9816y Ft(~fred/foo)630 408 y Fu(The)30 b(sub)s(directory)f
9817Ft(foo)h Fu(of)g(the)h(home)f(directory)h(of)g(the)f(user)g
9818Ft(fred)150 585 y(~+/foo)192 b($PWD/foo)150 762 y(~-/foo)g
9819(${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo)150 939 y(~)p Fj(N)384 b Fu(The)30
9820b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p
9821Ft(dirs)g(+)p Fj(N)p Fu(')150 1115 y Ft(~+)p Fj(N)336
9822b Fu(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m
9823(y)f(`)p Ft(dirs)g(+)p Fj(N)p Fu(')150 1292 y Ft(~-)p
9824Fj(N)336 b Fu(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m
9825(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p Ft(dirs)g(-)p Fj(N)p Fu(')150 1509
9826y Fk(3.5.3)63 b(Shell)41 b(P)m(arameter)f(Expansion)150
98271656 y Fu(The)g(`)p Ft($)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(tro)s(duces)d
9828(parameter)h(expansion,)j(command)d(substitution,)i(or)e(arithmetic)150
98291765 y(expansion.)d(The)22 b(parameter)h(name)f(or)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)h(to)
9830g(b)s(e)e(expanded)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(enclosed)h(in)f(braces,)i(whic)m
9831(h)150 1875 y(are)31 b(optional)g(but)f(serv)m(e)h(to)h(protect)f(the)g
9832(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(to)g(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(from)g(c)m(haracters)i
9833(immediately)150 1984 y(follo)m(wing)g(it)f(whic)m(h)f(could)g(b)s(e)g
9834(in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(name.)275 2136
9835y(When)44 b(braces)i(are)f(used,)j(the)e(matc)m(hing)g(ending)f(brace)g
9836(is)g(the)g(\014rst)g(`)p Ft(})p Fu(')g(not)g(escap)s(ed)h(b)m(y)f(a)
9837150 2246 y(bac)m(kslash)40 b(or)f(within)g(a)g(quoted)g(string,)j(and)c
9838(not)i(within)e(an)h(em)m(b)s(edded)f(arithmetic)j(expansion,)150
98392355 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(or)h(parameter)g(expansion.)275
98402507 y(The)40 b(basic)i(form)f(of)g(parameter)h(expansion)f(is)h($)p
6e51e0d0 9841Fi({)p Fr(parameter)7 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(The)41 b(v)-5
879213c6 9842b(alue)42 b(of)g Fr(parameter)48 b Fu(is)150 2617 y(substituted.)43
6e51e0d0 9843b(The)31 b Fr(parameter)39 b Fu(is)31 b(a)h(shell)f(parameter)h(as)g
9f178efb 9844(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.4)h([Shell)150
879213c6 98452726 y(P)m(arameters],)e(page)f(19\))h(or)e(an)g(arra)m(y)h(reference)f
1a5fa30b 9846(\(see)i(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)g(93\).)42
879213c6 9847b(The)29 b(braces)150 2836 y(are)j(required)g(when)f
6e51e0d0 9848Fr(parameter)39 b Fu(is)32 b(a)h(p)s(ositional)f(parameter)h(with)f
879213c6 9849(more)g(than)g(one)g(digit,)i(or)e(when)150 2946 y Fr(parameter)37
6e51e0d0 9850b Fu(is)31 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(is)f
9f178efb 9851(not)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(in)m(terpreted)g(as)h(part)f(of)h(its)f(name.)275
879213c6 98523097 y(If)k(the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)f Fr(parameter)42
8a0829e9 9853b Fu(is)35 b(an)g(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m(t)e(\(!\),)i(and)d
879213c6 9854Fr(parameter)42 b Fu(is)34 b(not)i(a)150 3207 y Fr(nameref)p
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9855Fu(,)i(it)f(in)m(tro)s(duces)f(a)h(lev)m(el)h(of)f(v)-5
9856b(ariable)37 b(indirection.)59 b(Bash)37 b(uses)f(the)g(v)-5
879213c6 9857b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)150 3317 y(formed)22
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9858b(from)f(the)h(rest)h(of)f Fr(parameter)29 b Fu(as)22
9859b(the)g(name)h(of)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable;)26 b(this)c(v)-5
879213c6 9860b(ariable)23 b(is)f(then)g(expanded)150 3426 y(and)34
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9861b(that)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)g(used)f(in)g(the)h(rest)g(of)g(the)g
9862(substitution,)g(rather)g(than)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35
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9863b(of)g Fr(parameter)150 3536 y Fu(itself.)74 b(This)41
9864b(is)g(kno)m(wn)g(as)g Ft(indirect)28 b(expansion)p Fu(.)71
9865b(The)41 b(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(is)f(sub)5 b(ject)41 b(to)h(tilde)g
9866(expansion,)150 3645 y(parameter)e(expansion,)i(command)d
9867(substitution,)j(and)d(arithmetic)h(expansion.)68 b(If)39
9868b Fr(parameter)47 b Fu(is)150 3755 y(a)40 b(nameref,)h(this)e(expands)g
9869(to)g(the)h(name)f(of)g(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(referenced)f(b)m(y)g
9870Fr(parameter)46 b Fu(instead)40 b(of)150 3865 y(p)s(erforming)32
9871b(the)i(complete)h(indirect)f(expansion.)51 b(The)33
9872b(exceptions)i(to)f(this)g(are)g(the)f(expansions)h(of)150
98733974 y($)p Fi({)p Fu(!)p Fr(pre\014x)6 b Fu(*)p Fi(})39
9874b Fu(and)f($)p Fi({)p Fu(!)p Fr(name)5 b Fu([@])p Fi(})40
9875b Fu(describ)s(ed)d(b)s(elo)m(w.)64 b(The)37 b(exclamation)k(p)s(oin)m
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98784236 y(In)39 b(eac)m(h)i(of)g(the)f(cases)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)i
9879Fr(w)m(ord)h Fu(is)c(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(tilde)f(expansion,)j
9880(parameter)e(expansion,)150 4345 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g
9881(arithmetic)i(expansion.)275 4497 y(When)h(not)h(p)s(erforming)e
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879213c6 9883(w)i(\(e.g.,)i(`)p Ft(:-)p Fu('\),)150 4607 y(Bash)d(tests)h(for)e(a)i
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879213c6 9885b(the)h(colon)f(results)g(in)g(a)g(test)h(only)150 4716
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9886y(for)c(a)i(parameter)f(that)g(is)g(unset.)41 b(Put)31
9887b(another)f(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(if)e(the)f(colon)i(is)f(included,)f
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9888(the)h(op)s(erator)g(tests)150 4826 y(for)36 b(b)s(oth)g
9889Fr(parameter)7 b Fu('s)37 b(existence)h(and)e(that)i(its)f(v)-5
9890b(alue)37 b(is)g(not)f(n)m(ull;)k(if)d(the)g(colon)h(is)e(omitted,)k
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98925121 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(:)p Fq(\000)p Fj(word)p
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9894(ull,)f(the)h(expansion)f(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(is)c(substituted.)40
9895b(Otherwise,)630 5340 y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h
9896Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(is)31 b(substituted.)p eop end
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9897%%Page: 25 31
9898TeXDict begin 25 30 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
9899b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(25)150 299
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9900y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(:=)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630 408
9901y Fu(If)33 b Fr(parameter)40 b Fu(is)33 b(unset)f(or)h(n)m(ull,)h(the)f
9902(expansion)g(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(is)d(assigned)g(to)h
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595e3e69 9904Fr(parameter)38 b Fu(is)31 b(then)g(substituted.)42 b(P)m(ositional)33
879213c6 9905b(parameters)e(and)f(sp)s(ecial)630 628 y(parameters)h(ma)m(y)g(not)f
595e3e69 9906(b)s(e)g(assigned)h(to)g(in)f(this)g(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)150
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9907786 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(:?)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630
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879213c6 9910f(e\013ect)630 1005 y(if)i Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(is)d(not)g(presen)m(t\))h
595e3e69 9911(is)f(written)g(to)h(the)f(standard)f(error)h(and)f(the)h(shell,)h(if)f
879213c6 9912(it)h(is)f(not)630 1115 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e,)33 b(exits.)42
6e51e0d0 9913b(Otherwise,)30 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fr(parameter)38
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9914b Fu(is)30 b(substituted.)150 1273 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p
9915Ft(:+)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630 1383 y Fu(If)35 b Fr(parameter)42
6e51e0d0 9916b Fu(is)36 b(n)m(ull)f(or)h(unset,)g(nothing)g(is)f(substituted,)i
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10136Fu(follo)m(wing)p eop end
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10304628 y(is)g(used,)g(the)f(\014le)h(passed)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h
10305(should)e(b)s(e)h(read)h(to)g(obtain)g(the)f(output)g(of)h
10306Fr(list)p Fu(.)40 b(Note)25 b(that)150 737 y(no)33 b(space)g(ma)m(y)g
10307(app)s(ear)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f Ft(<)f Fu(or)h
10308Ft(>)f Fu(and)g(the)h(left)h(paren)m(thesis,)f(otherwise)h(the)f
10309(construct)150 847 y(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)g(as)h(a)f
10310(redirection.)59 b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(substitution)g(is)h(supp)s(orted)d
10311(on)i(systems)g(that)150 956 y(supp)s(ort)29 b(named)h(pip)s(es)f(\()p
10312Fm(fif)n(o)p Fu(s\))h(or)h(the)f Ft(/dev/fd)f Fu(metho)s(d)h(of)g
10313(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)275 1099 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5
10314b(ailable,)40 b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(sim)m
10315(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1209 y(v)-5
10316b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)
10317i(expansion.)150 1417 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41
10318b(Splitting)150 1564 y Fu(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h
10319(parameter)g(expansion,)g(command)g(substitution,)g(and)f(arithmetic)
10320150 1673 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h
10321(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1816 y(The)e(shell)g(treats)i
6e51e0d0 10322(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)g(of)f Ft($IFS)e Fu(as)i(a)g(delimiter,)h(and)e
879213c6 10323(splits)g(the)h(results)f(of)h(the)g(other)150 1926 y(expansions)22
1101193a 10324b(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)e(using)h(these)g(c)m(haracters)h(as)f(\014eld)f
6e51e0d0 10325(terminators.)39 b(If)22 b Ft(IFS)g Fu(is)h(unset,)h(or)e(its)h(v)-5
879213c6 10326b(alue)150 2036 y(is)36 b(exactly)j Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p
6e51e0d0 10327Fu(,)32 b(the)37 b(default,)h(then)e(sequences)h(of)67
879213c6 10328b Ft(<space>)p Fu(,)36 b Ft(<tab>)p Fu(,)h(and)150 2145
6e51e0d0 10329y Ft(<newline>)28 b Fu(at)k(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(and)h(end)f(of)h(the)g
1101193a 10330(results)g(of)g(the)g(previous)g(expansions)f(are)i(ignored,)150
879213c6 103312255 y(and)k(an)m(y)h(sequence)h(of)f Ft(IFS)f Fu(c)m(haracters)i(not)f
1101193a 10332(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(or)h(end)f(serv)m(es)h(to)h(delimit)f(w)m
879213c6 10333(ords.)150 2364 y(If)43 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(has)h(a)h(v)-5
8a0829e9 10334b(alue)43 b(other)h(than)f(the)g(default,)k(then)c(sequences)h(of)f
879213c6 10335(the)h(whitespace)f(c)m(haracters)150 2474 y Ft(space)p
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10336Fu(,)29 b Ft(tab)p Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(newline)e Fu(are)j(ignored)g(at)g
10337(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)g(end)g(of)g(the)h(w)m(ord,)f(as)h(long)g(as)
879213c6 10338g(the)150 2584 y(whitespace)c(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(in)f(the)g(v)-5
967625cd 10339b(alue)27 b(of)g Ft(IFS)e Fu(\(an)i Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)i(c)m
879213c6 10340(haracter\).)42 b(An)m(y)26 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)150 2693
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10341y Ft(IFS)c Fu(that)h(is)g(not)f Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace,)j(along)f(with)
10342e(an)m(y)h(adjacen)m(t)h Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters,)i
879213c6 10343(delimits)150 2803 y(a)k(\014eld.)40 b(A)31 b(sequence)g(of)f
967625cd 10344Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters)h(is)e(also)h(treated)h(as)f(a)f
879213c6 10345(delimiter.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)150 2912 y(of)31
967625cd 10346b Ft(IFS)e Fu(is)h(n)m(ull,)h(no)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)275
879213c6 103473055 y(Explicit)21 b(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Ft("")g
037a8b7f 10348Fu(or)g Ft('')p Fu(\))f(are)h(retained)h(and)e(passed)g(to)i(commands)e
879213c6 10349(as)i(empt)m(y)f(strings.)150 3165 y(Unquoted)37 b(implicit)i(n)m(ull)f
037a8b7f 10350(argumen)m(ts,)i(resulting)d(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(parameters)f
879213c6 10351(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3275 y(no)32 b(v)-5 b(alues,)33
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10352b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)47 b(If)32 b(a)g(parameter)h(with)e(no)h(v)-5
10353b(alue)33 b(is)f(expanded)f(within)h(double)f(quotes,)j(a)150
879213c6 103543384 y(n)m(ull)c(argumen)m(t)g(results)g(and)f(is)h(retained)g(and)f
037a8b7f 10355(passed)g(to)i(a)f(command)g(as)g(an)f(empt)m(y)i(string.)40
879213c6 10356b(When)150 3494 y(a)f(quoted)f(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(t)h(app)s(ears)e(as)
037a8b7f 10357i(part)f(of)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(whose)g(expansion)g(is)h(non-n)m(ull,)h
879213c6 10358(the)e(n)m(ull)150 3603 y(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)69
d345f817
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10359b(That)39 b(is,)j(the)e(w)m(ord)f Ft(-d'')f Fu(b)s(ecomes)i
10360Ft(-d)e Fu(after)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(n)m(ull)150
879213c6 103613713 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)275 3856 y(Note)31
d345f817 10362b(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h(splitting)g(is)f(p)s
879213c6
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10363(erformed.)150 4064 y Fk(3.5.8)63 b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)150
103644211 y Fu(After)30 b(w)m(ord)f(splitting,)i(unless)d(the)i
d345f817 10365Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g
879213c6 10366([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)150 4320 y(page)d(61\),)i(Bash)d(scans)h(eac)m
d345f817
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10367(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(*)p
10368Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu('.)39
879213c6 10369b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 4430 y(app)s(ears,)h
037a8b7f
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10370(then)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)h(regarded)g(as)g(a)g Fr(pattern)p
10371Fu(,)g(and)g(replaced)g(with)f(an)h(alphab)s(etically)h(sorted)150
879213c6 103724539 y(list)k(of)f(\014lenames)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f(pattern)g(\(see)h
124d67cd 10373(Section)f(3.5.8.1)j([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(32\).)43
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10374b(If)150 4649 y(no)26 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames)e(are)h(found,)f(and)
10375g(the)h(shell)f(option)h Ft(nullglob)d Fu(is)j(disabled,)g(the)g(w)m
10376(ord)f(is)g(left)150 4759 y(unc)m(hanged.)40 b(If)30
10377b(the)g Ft(nullglob)e Fu(option)i(is)h(set,)f(and)g(no)g(matc)m(hes)h
10378(are)g(found,)e(the)h(w)m(ord)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150
103794868 y(If)i(the)g Ft(failglob)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(is)f(set,)h(and)f
10380(no)g(matc)m(hes)h(are)g(found,)e(an)h(error)g(message)h(is)f(prin)m
10381(ted)150 4978 y(and)e(the)g(command)g(is)h(not)f(executed.)42
10382b(If)30 b(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(is)k(enabled,)f
10383(the)h(matc)m(h)g(is)150 5087 y(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)g
10384(the)f(case)i(of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)275
103855230 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g(\014lename)h
10386(expansion,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g
10387(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 5340 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f
10388(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8
10389b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(dotglob)p
10390eop end
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10391%%Page: 32 38
10392TeXDict begin 32 37 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
10393b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(32)150 299
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10394y(is)28 b(set.)41 b(The)28 b(\014lenames)g(`)p Ft(.)p
10395Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(..)p Fu(')g(m)m(ust)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m
10396(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)30 b(ev)m(en)f(if)g Ft(dotglob)d
10397Fu(is)i(set.)150 408 y(When)e(matc)m(hing)i(a)f(\014lename,)h(the)e
7e92fb35 10398(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h
879213c6 10399(explicitly)-8 b(.)42 b(In)26 b(other)150 518 y(cases,)32
7e92fb35 10400b(the)e(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h(treated)g(sp)s
879213c6 10401(ecially)-8 b(.)275 647 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g(of)g
7e92fb35 10402Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g
879213c6 10403(65,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150 757 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h
4d63a619 10404Ft(nocaseglob)p Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p Fu(,)g Ft(failglob)p
879213c6 10405Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275 886 y(The)36
7e92fb35
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10406b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)
10407g(to)h(restrict)g(the)g(set)g(of)g(\014le)f(names)h(matc)m(hing)150
879213c6
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10408995 y(a)42 b(pattern.)74 b(If)41 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)i(set,)k(eac)m
10409(h)e(matc)m(hing)f(\014le)g(name)f(that)h(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)
10410g(the)150 1105 y(patterns)34 b(in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)k(remo)m(v)m
10411(ed)g(from)f(the)g(list)h(of)f(matc)m(hes.)54 b(If)33
10412b(the)i Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(option)k(is)150 1214 y(set,)c(the)e(matc)m
10413(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)c
10414Fu(is)k(p)s(erformed)e(without)i(regard)f(to)i(case.)150
104151324 y(The)d(\014lenames)h Ft(.)g Fu(and)f Ft(..)h Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m
10416(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f Fu(is)i(set)g(and)f(not)h(n)m
10417(ull.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150 1433 y(setting)30 b
10418Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5 b(alue)30
10419b(has)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)f(enabling)f(the)h Ft(dotglob)d
10420Fu(shell)i(option,)150 1543 y(so)j(all)h(other)f(\014lenames)g(b)s
10421(eginning)f(with)h(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(will)h(matc)m(h.)46
10422b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(get)h(the)f(old)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(ignoring)150
104231653 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p Ft(.)p
10424Fu(',)f(mak)m(e)h(`)p Ft(.*)p Fu(')f(one)h(of)f(the)g(patterns)g(in)g
10425Ft(GLOBIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(The)29 b Ft(dotglob)150 1762
10426y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
10427Fu(is)k(unset.)150 1950 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40
10428b(Matc)m(hing)150 2097 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s
8a0829e9 10429(ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g
879213c6 10430(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 2207 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31
8a0829e9
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10431b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42 b(The)29 b Fm(nul)h Fu(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)
10432e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s
879213c6 10433(es)150 2317 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43
8a0829e9 10434b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m
879213c6 10435(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 2426 y(pattern)30
8a0829e9 10436b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s
879213c6 10437(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 2555 y(The)29
8a0829e9 10438b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(follo)m
879213c6 10439(wing)h(meanings:)150 2703 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31
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10440b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string.)41
10441b(When)29 b(the)g Ft(globstar)e Fu(shell)i(option)630
879213c6 104422813 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h
9ec5ed66 10443(\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p
879213c6 10444Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 2923 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)
8a0829e9 10445m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630
879213c6 104463032 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
6e51e0d0 10447Ft(/)p Fu(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)e(will)g
879213c6
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10448(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 3142 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
104493290 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
10450150 3438 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g
8a0829e9 10451(the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)
879213c6 10452i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 3548 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g
6e51e0d0 10453Fr(range)g(expression)p Fu(;)f(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(falls)g
879213c6 10454(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3657 y(c)m(haracters,)d
ad4aef08 10455(inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g
879213c6 10456(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3767 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
ad4aef08 10457b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p
6e51e0d0 10458Ft([)p Fu(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p
879213c6 10459Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3877 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
6e51e0d0 10460(is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fq(\000)p Fu(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
879213c6 10461(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3986
ad4aef08 10462y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50
6e51e0d0 10463b(A)33 b(`)p Ft(])p Fu(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f
879213c6 10464(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 4096 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
ad4aef08 10465(the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f
879213c6 10466(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 4205 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren)
fc527055 10467m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)d(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)g(the)g
879213c6
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10468Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 4315 y Fu(shell)31
10469b(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)630 4444 y(F)-8 b(or)34
74d0116b 10470b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f(lo)s(cale,)k(`)p
6e51e0d0 10471Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p
879213c6 10472Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu('.)630 4554 y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m
74d0116b 10473(haracters)h(in)e(dictionary)i(order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s
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10474(cales)630 4663 y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e
10475(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu(';)g(it)g(migh)m
10476(t)f(b)s(e)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4773 y(to)34 b(`)p
10477Ft([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8
10478b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)630
104794882 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g
10480(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s(cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630
104814992 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i
10482(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p
10483Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 5101 y Ft(globasciiranges)c
10484Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 5230 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p
10485Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j
10486Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f
10487Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p Fu(,)630 5340 y(where)30 b
10488Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(classes)f
10489(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard:)p eop
10490end
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10491%%Page: 33 39
10492TeXDict begin 33 38 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10493b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(33)870 299
10494y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g(lower)
10495870 408 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 b(xdigit)630
10496543 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m(y)f(c)m
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10499f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Ft(_)p Fu('.)630
10500788 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p
10501Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24
10502b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h
10503Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 897 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)
10504f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f
10505(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1007 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d
10506(the)h(c)m(haracter)h Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1142 y(Within)22
10507b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h
10508Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i
10509(sym)m(b)s(ol)d Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 1303 y(If)29
10510b(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h
10511Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150
105121412 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58
124d67cd 10513b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fr(pattern-list)j
879213c6 10514Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 1522 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f
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10515(separated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33
10516b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150
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105171631 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150
105181792 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1901 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
1a5fa30b 10519(zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150
879213c6 105202062 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2171 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
1a5fa30b 10521(zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
879213c6 10522150 2331 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2441
1a5fa30b 10523y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m
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10524(en)i(patterns.)150 2601 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p
10525Ft(\))630 2711 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
10526150 2871 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2981
1a5fa30b 10527y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g
879213c6 10528(patterns.)275 3141 y(Complicated)41 b(extended)f(pattern)g(matc)m
1a5fa30b 10529(hing)h(against)h(long)f(strings)f(is)g(slo)m(w,)k(esp)s(ecially)d
879213c6 10530(when)150 3251 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m(tain)i(alternations)f(and)f
1a5fa30b 10531(the)g(strings)g(con)m(tain)h(m)m(ultiple)g(matc)m(hes.)42
879213c6 10532b(Using)29 b(separate)150 3360 y(matc)m(hes)38 b(against)g(shorter)e
1a5fa30b 10533(strings,)i(or)f(using)f(arra)m(ys)h(of)g(strings)f(instead)h(of)g(a)g
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10534(single)g(long)h(string,)150 3470 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)150
105353670 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150
105363817 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f
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10537(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p
10538Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150
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105393927 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m
10540(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 4169 y Fs(3.6)68
10541b(Redirections)150 4328 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h
1a5fa30b 10542(its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k
879213c6 10543Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 4438 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b)
1a5fa30b 10544m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b(Redirection)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f
879213c6 10545(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 4547
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10546y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f
10547(\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(\014les)f(the)g(command)g
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10548(reads)150 4657 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40
10549b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g
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10551(t.)65 b(The)37 b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g
10552(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 4876 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h
10553(simple)f(command)h(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40
10554b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 4986 y(in)g(the)h(order)f
10555(they)g(app)s(ear,)g(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275
105565121 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)
10557m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b)
10558s(e)150 5230 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f
10559Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k
10560(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 5340 y(except)30
10561b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)f(and)f Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s
10562(cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i
10563(it)f(to)p eop end
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10564%%Page: 34 40
10565TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
10566b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(34)150 299
879213c6 10567y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)45 b(If)31
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10568b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)h(preceded)f(b)m(y)g
10569Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(,)33 b(the)f(v)-5
037a8b7f 10570b(alue)32 b(of)g Fr(v)-5 b(arname)36 b Fu(de\014nes)31
879213c6 10571b(the)h(\014le)150 408 y(descriptor)i(to)g(close.)52
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10572b(If)34 b Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})34 b Fu(is)g(supplied,)g
10573(the)g(redirection)g(p)s(ersists)f(b)s(ey)m(ond)g(the)h(scop)s(e)g(of)
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10574150 518 y(the)d(command,)f(allo)m(wing)i(the)f(shell)f(programmer)g(to)
10575h(manage)h(the)e(\014le)h(descriptor)f(himself.)275 670
10576y(In)d(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g
037a8b7f 10577(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g
879213c6 10578(c)m(har-)150 780 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g
037a8b7f 10579(is)g(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g
879213c6 10580(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 890 y(descriptor)33
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10581b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f
10582(redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)h(the)f(redirection)
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10583g(refers)150 999 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h
10584(descriptor)f(1\).)275 1152 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f
4d63a619 10585(redirection)g(op)s(erator)f(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f
879213c6 10586(unless)e(other-)150 1261 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5
4d63a619 10587b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)
879213c6 10588e(expansion,)i(command)150 1371 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h
1a5fa30b 10589(expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g
879213c6 10590(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 1480 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g
1a5fa30b 10591(than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275
879213c6 105921633 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g
1a5fa30b 10593(signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390
879213c6 105941785 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d Ft(2>&1)150 1937 y
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10595Fu(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
10596(1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the)
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10597150 2047 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390
105982199 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 2352 y Fu(directs)28
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10599b(only)f(the)h(standard)e(output)i(to)g(\014le)f Fr(dirlist)p
10600Fu(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error)g(w)m(as)h(made)f(a)h(cop)m
879213c6 10601(y)150 2461 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g
1a5fa30b 10602(standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g Fr(dirlist)p
879213c6 10603Fu(.)275 2614 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s
1a5fa30b 10604(ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g(redirections,)i(as)e
879213c6 10605(describ)s(ed)150 2723 y(in)38 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(table.)66
1a5fa30b 10606b(If)38 b(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)f(on)h(whic)m(h)f(Bash)h(is)f
879213c6 10607(running)f(pro)m(vides)h(these)150 2833 y(sp)s(ecial)27
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10608b(\014les,)g(bash)e(will)i(use)f(them;)h(otherwise)g(it)f(will)h(em)m
10609(ulate)h(them)e(in)m(ternally)h(with)f(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)150
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106102942 y(describ)s(ed)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 3129 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p
10611Fj(fd)630 3238 y Fu(If)h Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31
1a5fa30b 10612b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(is)d(duplicated.)150
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106133416 y Ft(/dev/stdin)630 3525 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f
10614(duplicated.)150 3702 y Ft(/dev/stdout)630 3812 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)
10615e(1)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 3989 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630
106164099 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150
106174276 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 4386
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10618y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)
10619m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s
879213c6 10620(ort)630 4495 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f
1a5fa30b 10621(attempts)h(to)f(op)s(en)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(TCP)g(so)s(c)m(k)m
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10622(et.)150 4673 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630
106234782 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41
1a5fa30b 10624b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j
879213c6 10625Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 4892 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23
1a5fa30b 10626b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e(attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(the)g
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10627(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)275 5078 y(A)30
10628b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f
10629(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 5230 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i
10630(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f(9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h
10631(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 5340 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h
10632(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f(in)m(ternally)-8
10633b(.)p eop end
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10634%%Page: 35 41
10635TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10636b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)150 299
10637y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Input)150 446 y Fu(Redirection)35
10638b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g
10639(the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(to)d(b)s(e)150
10640555 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f
10641Ft(n)p Fu(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f
10642(0\))h(if)f Ft(n)g Fu(is)h(not)150 665 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275
10643805 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h(redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390
10644944 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<)p Fj(word)150 1149 y Fk(3.6.2)63
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10646b(of)g(output)f(causes)h(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g(results)h(from)e
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106481405 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(writing)g(on)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f
10649Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
10650(1\))h(if)g Fr(n)e Fu(is)i(not)150 1515 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40
10651b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(exist)g(it)g(is)f(created;)i
10652(if)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(exist)h(it)g(is)g(truncated)f(to)h(zero)g(size.)
10653275 1654 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for)h(redirecting)g(output)f(is:)
10654390 1794 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>[|])p Fj(word)275 1934
10655y Fu(If)g(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(`)p
10656Ft(>)p Fu(',)g(and)f(the)h Ft(noclobber)d Fu(option)j(to)g(the)g
10657Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)g(has)h(b)s(een)150 2043 y(enabled,)h(the)g
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10658(redirection)h(will)f(fail)h(if)e(the)i(\014le)e(whose)h(name)g
10659(results)g(from)f(the)h(expansion)g(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)150
879213c6 106602153 y Fu(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41
37c41ab1 10661b(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p
6e51e0d0 10662Ft(>|)p Fu(',)h(or)f(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)150
879213c6 106632262 y(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')36 b(and)f(the)g Ft(noclobber)e
6e51e0d0 10664Fu(option)j(is)g(not)g(enabled,)h(the)e(redirection)h(is)g(attempted)g
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10665(ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 2372 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g
10666Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(exists.)150 2576 y Fk(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42
10667b(Redirected)e(Output)150 2723 y Fu(Redirection)23 b(of)e(output)h(in)f
74d0116b 10668(this)h(fashion)f(causes)h(the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f
879213c6 10669(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)150 2833 y Fr(w)m(ord)28
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10670b Fu(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)h(app)s(ending)e(on)i(\014le)g
10671(descriptor)g Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)g(standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g
879213c6 10672(descriptor)150 2942 y(1\))31 b(if)f Fr(n)g Fu(is)h(not)f(sp)s
74d0116b 10673(eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(exist)g(it)g
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10674(is)f(created.)275 3082 y(The)f(general)j(format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e
10675(output)h(is:)390 3222 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>>)p Fj(word)150
106763426 y Fk(3.6.4)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g
10677(Standard)g(Error)150 3573 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s
9ec5ed66 10678(oth)f(the)g(standard)g(output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f
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10683(standard)f(error:)390 3962 y Ft(&>)p Fj(word)150 4101
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10685i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e(is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30
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10688b(using)g(the)h(second)f(form,)k Fr(w)m(ord)f Fu(ma)m(y)e(not)g(expand)
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10692(w\))f(for)f(compatibilit)m(y)150 4879 y(reasons.)150
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10700%%Page: 36 42
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10712Fu(\(with)c(no)g(trailing)h(blanks\))f(is)g(seen.)40
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10716(a)f(command.)275 1589 y(The)f(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f
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10722Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(.)39 b(If)25 b(an)m(y)i(part)e(of)h Fr(w)m(ord)j
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10751(eci\014ed\).)150 4182 y Fk(3.6.8)63 b(Duplicating)41
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10754Fu(is)k(used)e(to)j(duplicate)f(input)f(\014le)g(descriptors.)53
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10762b(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fr(n)f Fu(is)g(closed.)43
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10764(input)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))150 5054 y(is)g(used.)275
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107951982 y(if)i Fr(n)g Fu(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150
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10802b(on)f(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(n)p Fu(,)h(or)g(on)f(\014le)h
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a2851804
CR
12222(input.)630 3002 y Ft(-C)384 b Fu(Ev)-5 b(aluate)26 b
12223Fr(callbac)m(k)33 b Fu(eac)m(h)26 b(time)g Fr(quan)m(tum)f
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68d220cb
CR
122333643 y(the)39 b(line)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(to)h(that)f(elemen)m(t)i
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6e51e0d0
CR
12243b(alid)31 b(or)g(unassignable,)f(or)h Fr(arra)m(y)38
12244b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(an)h(indexed)e(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150
68d220cb
CR
122454394 y Ft(printf)870 4526 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)p
12246Ft(])g Fj(format)f Ft([)p Fj(arguments)p Ft(])630 4659
6e51e0d0
CR
12247y Fu(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fr(argumen)m(ts)k
12248Fu(to)d(the)f(standard)f(output)h(under)e(the)i(con)m(trol)i(of)e(the)
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8a0829e9 12252(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 5011
6e51e0d0
CR
12253y(The)36 b Fr(format)i Fu(is)f(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(string)e(whic)m(h)g
12254(con)m(tains)i(three)e(t)m(yp)s(es)g(of)h(ob)5 b(jects:)53
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8a0829e9
CR
122575230 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to)
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8a0829e9
CR
12260h(the)f(next)h(successiv)m(e)g Fr(argumen)m(t)p Fu(.)p
12261eop end
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12262%%Page: 57 63
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8a0829e9
CR
12265b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(standard)f Ft(printf\(1\))e Fu(formats,)27
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1a5fa30b 12271Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)1110 816 y([Bash)e(Builtins],)g(page)g(50\).)
71574d7e
CR
12272630 1003 y Ft(\045q)384 b Fu(Causes)32 b Ft(printf)e
12273Fu(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f Fr(argumen)m(t)j
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71574d7e
CR
122882068 y(giv)m(en.)k(This)29 b(is)i(an)f(exception)i(to)f(the)f(usual)g
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ad4aef08
CR
12294(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5
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6e51e0d0 12307Fj(prompt)p Ft(])e([-t)i Fj(timeout)p Ft(])f([-u)h Fj(fd)p
71574d7e
CR
12308Ft(])g([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...)o(])630 3547 y Fu(One)38
12309b(line)g(is)g(read)g(from)g(the)g(standard)f(input,)j(or)e(from)f(the)i
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71574d7e
CR
12314(and)36 b(the)i(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)g(is)g(assigned)h(to)g(the)630
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71574d7e
CR
12329(haracter)h(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(remo)m(v)m
12330(e)h(an)m(y)630 4643 y(sp)s(ecial)i(meaning)g(for)f(the)g(next)h(c)m
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8a0829e9 12343eop end
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12344%%Page: 58 64
12345TeXDict begin 58 63 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
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71574d7e
CR
12347b Fj(aname)114 b Fu(The)34 b(w)m(ords)f(are)i(assigned)f(to)h(sequen)m
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68d220cb
CR
12355781 y(rather)31 b(than)g(newline.)42 b(If)30 b Fr(delim)h
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68d220cb
CR
123851110 2819 y(\(with)30 b(the)h(exception)h(of)e(bac)m(kslash;)h(see)g
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CR
123891110 3082 y(read)f(an)m(y)h(input.)60 b(The)37 b(prompt)g(is)g(displa)m
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68d220cb
CR
123953565 y(bac)m(kslash-newline)f(pair)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(as)i
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68d220cb
CR
12398(a)h(terminal,)h(c)m(haracters)g(are)f(not)1110 3828
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124175077 y(\014le)g(descriptor,)g(non-zero)h(otherwise.)46
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12422%%Page: 59 65
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14878907 y(index)d(assigned)h(to)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(statemen)m(t)j(plus)c(one.)
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14884(using)f(the)g Fj(name)p Ft([)p Fj(subscript)p Ft(]=)p
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fc527055
CR
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fc527055
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14908b(and)f Ft(${)p Fj(name)p Ft([@]})d Fu(expands)i(eac)m(h)i(elemen)m(t)h
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14924Ft(*)p Fu(',)g(the)g(expansion)f(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i
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14927(elemen)m(t)i(of)f(an)f(indexed)g(arra)m(y)h(ev)-5 b(aluates)36
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14937b(of)h(0.)57 b(An)m(y)36 b(reference)g(to)h(a)f(v)-5
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14939(and)c Ft(bash)g Fu(will)150 3796 y(create)d(an)e(arra)m(y)h(if)f
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14941b(ariable)37 b(is)g(considered)f(set)h(if)f(a)h(subscript)e(has)h(b)s
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149434045 y(string)30 b(is)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)30 b(v)-5 b(alue.)275
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14948b Fu([*])p Fi(})43 b Fu(expand)c(to)i(the)f(indices)h(assigned)f(in)g
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14962Fr(name)33 b Fu(is)28 b(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)30 b(remo)m(v)m(es)f(the)f
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14977b Ft(declare)p Fu(,)h Ft(local)p Fu(,)h(and)e Ft(readonly)f
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14980Ft(-A)e Fu(option)i(to)g(sp)s(ecify)f(an)h(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)i(arra)m
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14982Ft(-A)f Fu(tak)m(es)150 758 y(precedence.)55 b(The)35
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14995e(it)h(c)m(hanges)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(directory)-8 b(,)45
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15005Ft(DIRSTACK)e Fu(shell)150 2157 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150
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15037Ft(cd)f Fu(to)h(the)f(new)g(top)h(directory)-8 b(.)44
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15345eop end
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15804(and)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(c)m(haracter)i(pro)s(duced)d(when)g(the)h
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15806g(k)m(ey)g(is)g(depressed.)275 2410 y(The)g(text)i Fj(M-k)e
15807Fu(is)h(read)f(as)i(`Meta-K')g(and)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(c)m(haracter)
15808h(pro)s(duced)e(when)f(the)i(Meta)150 2520 y(k)m(ey)i(\(if)f(y)m(ou)h
15809(ha)m(v)m(e)g(one\))g(is)f(depressed,)g(and)f(the)h Ft(k)g
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15811(eled)f Ft(ALT)150 2629 y Fu(on)c(man)m(y)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)40
15812b(On)29 b(k)m(eyb)s(oards)g(with)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(k)m(eys)f(lab)s(eled)g
6e51e0d0 15813Ft(ALT)e Fu(\(usually)i(to)g(either)g(side)g(of)g(the)150
967625cd 158142739 y(space)h(bar\),)f(the)g Ft(ALT)f Fu(on)h(the)g(left)h(side)f(is)g
c302751c 15815(generally)h(set)f(to)h(w)m(ork)f(as)g(a)h(Meta)g(k)m(ey)-8
967625cd 15816b(.)42 b(The)29 b Ft(ALT)g Fu(k)m(ey)i(on)150 2849 y(the)c(righ)m(t)h
c302751c
CR
15817(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)f(to)i(w)m(ork)f(as)h(a)f(Meta)i
15818(k)m(ey)f(or)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(con\014gured)h(as)g(some)h(other)150
967625cd
CR
158192958 y(mo)s(di\014er,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)g(a)h(Comp)s(ose)f(k)m(ey)h(for)f
15820(t)m(yping)h(accen)m(ted)h(c)m(haracters.)275 3127 y(If)23
6e51e0d0
CR
15821b(y)m(ou)i(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(Meta)g(or)g Ft(ALT)e
15822Fu(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(or)e(another)f(k)m(ey)i(w)m(orking)e(as)h(a)g
967625cd 15823(Meta)h(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(the)d(iden)m(tical)150 3236
c302751c 15824y(k)m(eystrok)m(e)30 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(generated)h(b)m(y)g(t)m(yping)g
6e51e0d0
CR
15825Ft(ESC)e Fl(\014rst)p Fu(,)j(and)e(then)g(t)m(yping)h
15826Ft(k)p Fu(.)40 b(Either)28 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)g(kno)m(wn)150
967625cd
CR
158273346 y(as)j Fr(metafying)39 b Fu(the)30 b Ft(k)g Fu(k)m(ey)-8
15828b(.)275 3515 y(The)39 b(text)j Fj(M-C-k)d Fu(is)h(read)g(as)h
c302751c 15829(`Meta-Con)m(trol-k')j(and)39 b(describ)s(es)h(the)g(c)m(haracter)i
967625cd
CR
15830(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)150 3624 y Fr(metafying)g Fj(C-k)p
15831Fu(.)275 3793 y(In)c(addition,)j(sev)m(eral)f(k)m(eys)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g
c302751c 15832(their)f(o)m(wn)g(names.)58 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)38
6e51e0d0 15833b Ft(DEL)p Fu(,)f Ft(ESC)p Fu(,)g Ft(LFD)p Fu(,)g Ft(SPC)p
967625cd 15834Fu(,)g Ft(RET)p Fu(,)150 3902 y(and)d Ft(TAB)f Fu(all)j(stand)e(for)g
c302751c 15835(themselv)m(es)i(when)d(seen)i(in)f(this)g(text,)j(or)d(in)h(an)f(init)
967625cd 15836h(\014le)f(\(see)i(Section)f(8.3)150 4012 y([Readline)f(Init)g(File],)i
1a5fa30b 15837(page)e(109\).)52 b(If)33 b(y)m(our)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)h(lac)m(ks)g(a)g
6e51e0d0 15838Ft(LFD)f Fu(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)36 b(t)m(yping)e Ft(C-j)e Fu(will)i(pro)s
967625cd 15839(duce)150 4122 y(the)d(desired)e(c)m(haracter.)43 b(The)30
6e51e0d0
CR
15840b Ft(RET)f Fu(k)m(ey)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(lab)s(eled)h
15841Ft(Return)d Fu(or)j Ft(Enter)d Fu(on)j(some)g(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)150
158424413 y Fs(8.2)68 b(Readline)47 b(In)l(teraction)150 4573
15843y Fu(Often)32 b(during)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(session)e(y)m(ou)g(t)
c302751c
CR
15844m(yp)s(e)g(in)f(a)h(long)g(line)g(of)f(text,)j(only)d(to)i(notice)g
15845(that)f(the)150 4682 y(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)g(on)g(the)g(line)h(is)g
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a9fac3b2 15847(a)g(set)g(of)f(commands)g(for)150 4792 y(manipulating)e(the)g(text)h
37c41ab1
CR
15848(as)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)g(in,)g(allo)m(wing)h(y)m(ou)f(to)h
15849(just)e(\014x)g(y)m(our)h(t)m(yp)s(o,)g(and)g(not)g(forcing)150
a9fac3b2 158504902 y(y)m(ou)e(to)h(ret)m(yp)s(e)g(the)f(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)29
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37c41ab1 15853(needs)g(correction,)j(and)d(delete)h(or)f(insert)h(the)f(text)h(of)g
c302751c
CR
15854(the)f(corrections.)54 b(Then,)150 5121 y(when)24 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g
15855(satis\014ed)g(with)g(the)g(line,)i(y)m(ou)e(simply)f(press)g
6e51e0d0 15856Ft(RET)p Fu(.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(do)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)g(b)s(e)e
c302751c 15857(at)h(the)h(end)150 5230 y(of)33 b(the)h(line)g(to)g(press)e
6e51e0d0 15858Ft(RET)p Fu(;)i(the)g(en)m(tire)g(line)f(is)h(accepted)g(regardless)g
c302751c
CR
15859(of)f(the)h(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(cursor)150 5340
15860y(within)c(the)g(line.)p eop end
1a5fa30b
CR
15861%%Page: 107 113
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6e51e0d0 15864b(Readline)40 b(Bare)h(Essen)m(tials)150 446 y Fu(In)31
ad4aef08
CR
15865b(order)h(to)h(en)m(ter)g(c)m(haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)g(line,)g
15866(simply)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(them.)46 b(The)31 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i
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c302751c 15871(delete)j(the)f(mist)m(yp)s(ed)e(c)m(haracter.)275 806
a9fac3b2
CR
15872y(Sometimes)i(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)e(a)i(c)m(haracter,)g
15873(and)e(not)i(notice)g(the)f(error)f(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(t)
c302751c 15874m(yp)s(ed)150 916 y(sev)m(eral)e(other)f(c)m(haracters.)42
a9fac3b2 15875b(In)28 b(that)i(case,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h
6e51e0d0 15876Fj(C-b)d Fu(to)j(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(cursor)g(to)g(the)g(left,)i(and)150
c302751c 158771026 y(then)f(correct)i(y)m(our)e(mistak)m(e.)42 b(Afterw)m(ards,)31
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6e51e0d0 15879(with)f Fj(C-f)p Fu(.)275 1167 y(When)i(y)m(ou)h(add)f(text)h(in)f(the)
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5e13499c 15882(`pushed)e(o)m(v)m(er')j(to)g(mak)m(e)f(ro)s(om)g(for)f(the)h(text)h
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37c41ab1 15889y(for)30 b(editing)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(an)f(input)f(line)i(follo)m(ws.)
6e51e0d0
CR
15890150 1775 y Fj(C-b)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m
15891(haracter.)150 1941 y Fj(C-f)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(one)
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15894(cursor.)150 2384 y Fj(C-d)336 b Fu(Delete)33 b(the)d(c)m(haracter)i
c302751c
CR
15895(underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150 2550 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630
158962660 y(Insert)f(the)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(to)g(the)e(line)h(at)g(the)g
6e51e0d0
CR
15897(cursor.)150 2826 y Fj(C-_)e Fu(or)i Fj(C-x)e(C-u)630
158982936 y Fu(Undo)k(the)h(last)g(editing)g(command.)50 b(Y)-8
c302751c
CR
15899b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)h(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g
15900(empt)m(y)630 3045 y(line.)150 3215 y(\(Dep)s(ending)29
6e51e0d0
CR
15901b(on)h(y)m(our)f(con\014guration,)i(the)e Ft(Backspace)e
15902Fu(k)m(ey)k(b)s(e)d(set)j(to)f(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(to)g(the)
c302751c 15903150 3324 y(left)37 b(of)f(the)h(cursor)e(and)h(the)g
6e51e0d0
CR
15904Ft(DEL)g Fu(k)m(ey)h(set)f(to)h(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i
15905(underneath)d(the)h(cursor,)i(lik)m(e)150 3434 y Fj(C-d)p
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15907(the)f(cursor.\))150 3640 y Fk(8.2.2)63 b(Readline)40
15908b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)h(Commands)150 3787 y Fu(The)27 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i
c302751c
CR
15909(table)g(describ)s(es)e(the)g(most)i(basic)f(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(that)f
15910(y)m(ou)g(need)g(in)f(order)g(to)i(do)e(editing)i(of)150
159113897 y(the)k(input)f(line.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(y)m(our)f(con)m(v)m
15912(enience,)j(man)m(y)d(other)g(commands)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)d(added)g
6e51e0d0
CR
15913(in)h(addition)150 4006 y(to)j Fj(C-b)p Fu(,)f Fj(C-f)p
15914Fu(,)g Fj(C-d)p Fu(,)h(and)e Ft(DEL)p Fu(.)54 b(Here)35
c302751c 15915b(are)g(some)h(commands)e(for)h(mo)m(ving)h(more)f(rapidly)f(ab)s(out)h
6e51e0d0
CR
15916(the)150 4116 y(line.)150 4286 y Fj(C-a)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
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c302751c 15920(where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(comp)s(osed)g(of)h(letters)h(and)d(digits.)
6e51e0d0
CR
15921150 4785 y Fj(M-b)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(a)g(w)m
15922(ord.)150 4951 y Fj(C-l)336 b Fu(Clear)31 b(the)f(screen,)h(reprin)m
c302751c 15923(ting)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(at)g(the)f(top.)275
6e51e0d0
CR
159245121 y(Notice)c(ho)m(w)f Fj(C-f)e Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m
15925(haracter,)j(while)d Fj(M-f)e Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m
37c41ab1
CR
15926(ord.)39 b(It)24 b(is)h(a)g(lo)s(ose)150 5230 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)32
15927b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m
15928(haracters)h(while)f(meta)h(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150
159295340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end
1a5fa30b
CR
15930%%Page: 108 114
15931TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
15932b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(108)150 299 y Fk(8.2.3)63
6e51e0d0
CR
15933b(Readline)40 b(Killing)i(Commands)150 446 y Fr(Killing)35
15934b Fu(text)28 b(means)e(to)h(delete)h(the)f(text)g(from)g(the)f(line,)i
c302751c 15935(but)e(to)h(sa)m(v)m(e)h(it)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(for)e(later)i(use,)f
6e51e0d0 15936(usually)150 555 y(b)m(y)g Fr(y)m(anking)35 b Fu(\(re-inserting\))28
c302751c
CR
15937b(it)g(bac)m(k)f(in)m(to)h(the)f(line.)40 b(\(`Cut')27
15938b(and)g(`paste')h(are)f(more)g(recen)m(t)h(jargon)f(for)150
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c302751c 15946m(e)150 1157 y(kills)31 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(all)f(of)f(the)g(killed)h(text)g
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c302751c 15948(ou)g(get)g(it)f(all.)43 b(The)150 1267 y(kill)33 b(ring)f(is)g(not)h
37c41ab1
CR
15949(line)g(sp)s(eci\014c;)g(the)g(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)f(on)h(a)f
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c302751c
CR
159511376 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)h(when)d(y)m(ou)
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6e51e0d0
CR
15953(of)g(commands)f(for)g(killing)h(text.)150 1675 y Fj(C-k)336
15954b Fu(Kill)31 b(the)f(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s
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37c41ab1 15957(the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)h(or,)h(if)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(w)m(ords,)
c302751c 15958g(to)g(the)630 1946 y(end)j(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41
37c41ab1 15959b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)g(used)
6e51e0d0 15960f(b)m(y)g Fj(M-f)p Fu(.)150 2107 y Fj(M-DEL)240 b Fu(Kill)31
c302751c
CR
15961b(from)f(the)h(cursor)f(the)g(start)h(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(w)m(ord,)
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c302751c 15966b(from)g(the)g(cursor)f(to)i(the)f(previous)g(whitespace.)55
6e51e0d0
CR
15967b(This)34 b(is)h(di\013eren)m(t)h(than)e Fj(M-DEL)630
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c302751c
CR
15970b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(line.)74 b(Y)-8 b(anking)43
15971b(means)e(to)h(cop)m(y)h(the)e(most-)150 2869 y(recen)m(tly-killed)33
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16583%%Page: 117 123
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17130b(Y)-10 b(ou)150 3236 y Ft(complete)28 b(\(TAB\))630
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17141e(completion)h(is)630 3894 y(attempted.)150 4047 y Ft
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17207(hostname.)150 4126 y Ft(complete-command)h(\(M-!\))630
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124d67cd 17500150 5230 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)34 b(\(see)g(Section)g(5.2)g([Bash)f(V)-8
1a5fa30b 17501b(ariables],)36 b(page)d(72\).)50 b(If)33 b(a)g(shell)g(function)g(is)g
124d67cd 17502(b)s(eing)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k(the)150 5340 y Ft(COMP_WORDS)j
6e51e0d0 17503Fu(and)i Ft(COMP_CWORD)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariables)42 b(are)g(also)h(set.)74
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17504b(When)41 b(the)h(function)f(or)h(command)f(is)p eop
17505end
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17506%%Page: 132 138
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17509b(the)e(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)h(\($1\))h(is)e(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h
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45c0f7f8 17516(against)h(the)e(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f(completed)i(is)g(p)s(erformed;)f
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17517(the)150 737 y(function)d(or)g(command)h(has)f(complete)i(freedom)e(in)
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17519(eci\014ed)f(with)g Ft(-F)g Fu(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(\014rst.)53
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124d67cd 17521981 y(facilities,)50 b(including)44 b(the)h Ft(compgen)d
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17525b(It)31 b(m)m(ust)g(put)f(the)150 1200 y(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h
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17527b(one)g(p)s(er)e(arra)m(y)i(elemen)m(t.)275 1334 y(Next,)26
17528b(an)m(y)f(command)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)g(the)h Ft(-C)f
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6e51e0d0 17533b(Bac)m(kslash)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(escap)s(e)g(a)f
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17535b(all)i(of)f(the)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(are)f(generated,)i(an)m
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124d67cd 17539(expansion;)i(a)e(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')g(in)g(the)150 1906
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17540y(pattern)28 b(is)f(replaced)h(with)g(the)f(text)i(of)f(the)f(w)m(ord)h
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17543b(a)h(bac)m(kslash;)k(the)38 b(bac)m(kslash)h(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(b)s
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17550Fu(shell)k(option)f(\(see)i(the)e(description)g(of)h
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17557y(mem)m(b)s(er)31 b(of)g(the)h(completion)h(list,)f(and)f(the)h(result)
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175592807 y(as)e(the)f(list)h(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)275
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124d67cd 17564(completion)150 3160 y(is)h(attempted.)275 3294 y(If)35
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17565b(the)g Ft(-o)30 b(plusdirs)j Fu(option)j(w)m(as)g(supplied)e(to)i
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124d67cd 175673404 y(directory)g(name)f(completion)i(is)e(attempted)h(and)f(an)m(y)h
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124d67cd 17575b(the)i Ft(-o)e(bashdefault)e Fu(option)150 3976 y(w)m(as)d(supplied)e
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124d67cd 17577(the)f(default)h(Bash)g(completions)h(are)150 4086 y(attempted)j(if)f
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17578(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(generates)h(no)f(matc)m(hes.)41
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124d67cd 175884658 y(b)s(olic)40 b(links)g(to)h(directories,)j(sub)5
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6e51e0d0 17591b(of)f(the)h(setting)g(of)g(the)f Fr(mark-symlink)m(ed-directories)36
124d67cd 17592b Fu(Readline)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable.)275 4902 y(There)25
74d0116b
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17593b(is)i(some)g(supp)s(ort)e(for)h(dynamically)h(mo)s(difying)f
17594(completions.)40 b(This)26 b(is)g(most)h(useful)f(when)150
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6e51e0d0 17596g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)g Ft(-D)p Fu(.)72 b(It's)42 b(p)s(ossible)f
124d67cd 17597(for)g(shell)150 5121 y(functions)28 b(executed)h(as)f(completion)i
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124d67cd 17603(as)i(the)p eop end
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17604%%Page: 133 139
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17607b(argumen)m(t)h(when)e(the)i(function)f(is)g(executed\),)j
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17616(the)f(name)f(of)h(the)g(command,)i(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(default)f
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17618(dynamically:)390 1131 y Ft(_completion_loader\(\))390
176191241 y({)581 1350 y(.)47 b("/etc/bash_completion.d/$1)o(.sh)o(")42
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176211569 y(complete)g(-D)h(-F)g(_completion_loader)c(-o)k(bashdefault)e(-o)
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1101193a 17624b(ailable)24 b(to)e(manipulate)f(the)h(programmable)f(completion)h
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1101193a 17626(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(a)g(particular)g(command)f(are)h(to)g(b)s(e)f
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17627(completed,)j(and)d(t)m(w)m(o)150 2200 y(to)e(mo)s(dify)f(the)g
17628(completion)i(as)e(it)h(is)g(happ)s(ening.)150 2371 y
17629Ft(compgen)870 2509 y(compgen)46 b([)p Fj(option)p Ft(])f([)p
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6e51e0d0 17631(matc)m(hes)g(for)e Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(according)e(to)f(the)g
124d67cd 17632Fr(option)p Fu(s,)h(whic)m(h)630 2757 y(ma)m(y)32 b(b)s(e)f(an)m(y)h
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6e51e0d0 17635Ft(-r)p Fu(,)i(and)e(write)h(the)g(matc)m(hes)g(to)g(the)g(standard)f
124d67cd 17636(output.)68 b(When)39 b(using)g(the)h Ft(-F)630 2976
8a0829e9
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17637y Fu(or)33 b Ft(-C)f Fu(options,)i(the)e(v)-5 b(arious)33
17638b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(set)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(programmable)g
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8a0829e9 17642(in)f(the)h(same)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(as)g(if)f(the)h(programmable)f(com-)630
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176433334 y(pletion)d(co)s(de)g(had)f(generated)i(them)e(directly)i(from)e
17644(a)h(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(with)630 3443
8a0829e9
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17645y(the)e(same)h(\015ags.)40 b(If)29 b Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(is)d(sp)s
17646(eci\014ed,)g(only)g(those)h(completions)g(matc)m(hing)g
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17647Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(will)630 3553 y(b)s(e)d(displa)m(y)m(ed.)630
176483691 y(The)24 b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)g(true)f(unless)g(an)h(in)
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17650(ere)630 3801 y(generated.)150 3968 y Ft(complete)870
176514106 y(complete)46 b([-abcdefgjksuv])d([-o)k Fj(comp-option)p
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124d67cd 17655Fj(filterpat)p Ft(])870 4435 y([-P)g Fj(prefix)p Ft(])f([-S)h
6e51e0d0 17656Fj(suffix)p Ft(])e Fj(name)i Ft([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...])870
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176574544 y(complete)g(-pr)g([-DE])h([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...)o(])630
176584682 y Fu(Sp)s(ecify)37 b(ho)m(w)h(argumen)m(ts)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g
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124d67cd 17660b(the)f Ft(-p)g Fu(option)630 4792 y(is)30 b(supplied,)e(or)i(if)g(no)f
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124d67cd 17664b(The)24 b Ft(-r)g Fu(option)i(remo)m(v)m(es)630 5011
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17665y(a)i(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(for)g(eac)m(h)h
17666Fr(name)p Fu(,)f(or,)h(if)e(no)h Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)27
124d67cd 17667b(are)h(supplied,)g(all)g(com-)630 5121 y(pletion)k(sp)s
6e51e0d0 17668(eci\014cations.)44 b(The)30 b Ft(-D)h Fu(option)h(indicates)g(that)f
124d67cd 17669(the)h(remaining)f(options)h(and)630 5230 y(actions)27
6e51e0d0 17670b(should)e(apply)g(to)i(the)f(\\default")h(command)e(completion;)k
124d67cd 17671(that)e(is,)g(completion)630 5340 y(attempted)g(on)f(a)h(command)f(for)
6e51e0d0 17672g(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(has)d(previously)h(b)s(een)g(de\014ned.)
124d67cd 17673p eop end
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17674%%Page: 134 140
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17677b Ft(-E)g Fu(option)h(indicates)h(that)f(the)g(remaining)g(options)g
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17683(Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 761
1a5fa30b 17684y(page)31 b(131\).)42 b(The)30 b Ft(-D)g Fu(option)h(tak)m(es)h
124d67cd 17685(precedence)f(o)m(v)m(er)g Ft(-E)p Fu(.)630 894 y(Other)d(options,)i
6e51e0d0 17686(if)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(meanings.)40
124d67cd 17687b(The)29 b(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h(the)630 1003 y Ft(-G)p
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17688Fu(,)41 b Ft(-W)p Fu(,)h(and)c Ft(-X)h Fu(options)h(\(and,)h(if)f
17689(necessary)-8 b(,)42 b(the)e Ft(-P)f Fu(and)f Ft(-S)h
124d67cd 17690Fu(options\))h(should)f(b)s(e)630 1113 y(quoted)28 b(to)h(protect)g
6e51e0d0 17691(them)f(from)f(expansion)h(b)s(efore)g(the)g Ft(complete)e
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17692Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)630 1270 y Ft(-o)i
17693Fj(comp-option)1110 1379 y Fu(The)c Fr(comp-option)i
6e51e0d0 17694Fu(con)m(trols)g(sev)m(eral)h(asp)s(ects)e(of)g(the)g(compsp)s(ec's)g
124d67cd 17695(b)s(eha)m(v-)1110 1489 y(ior)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)f(the)g(simple)h
6e51e0d0 17696(generation)h(of)e(completions.)41 b Fr(comp-option)27
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17697b Fu(ma)m(y)1110 1598 y(b)s(e)j(one)g(of:)1110 1755 y
17698Ft(bashdefault)1590 1864 y Fu(P)m(erform)d(the)h(rest)f(of)h(the)g
17699(default)f(Bash)h(completions)g(if)g(the)1590 1974 y(compsp)s(ec)i
17700(generates)i(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110 2131 y Ft(default)144
17701b Fu(Use)22 b(Readline's)g(default)g(\014lename)g(completion)g(if)g
17702(the)g(comp-)1590 2240 y(sp)s(ec)30 b(generates)i(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110
177032397 y Ft(dirnames)96 b Fu(P)m(erform)46 b(directory)g(name)h
17704(completion)g(if)f(the)g(compsp)s(ec)1590 2506 y(generates)32
17705b(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110 2663 y Ft(filenames)1590 2772
6e51e0d0 17706y Fu(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)f(that)h(the)f(compsp)s(ec)f(generates)j
124d67cd 17707(\014lenames,)1590 2882 y(so)29 b(it)h(can)f(p)s(erform)f(an)m(y)h
8a0829e9 17708(\014lename-sp)s(eci\014c)h(pro)s(cessing)e(\(lik)m(e)1590
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177092992 y(adding)d(a)h(slash)f(to)h(directory)g(names)f(quoting)h(sp)s
17710(ecial)g(c)m(har-)1590 3101 y(acters,)39 b(or)d(suppressing)f(trailing)
17711i(spaces\).)59 b(This)35 b(option)i(is)1590 3211 y(in)m(tended)30
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8a0829e9 17714Fu(T)-8 b(ell)28 b(Readline)g(not)g(to)g(quote)g(the)g(completed)g(w)m
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17715(ords)f(if)h(they)1590 3587 y(are)j(\014lenames)f(\(quoting)h
17716(\014lenames)g(is)f(the)h(default\).)1110 3743 y Ft(nosort)192
8a0829e9 17717b Fu(T)-8 b(ell)23 b(Readline)g(not)f(to)h(sort)g(the)f(list)h(of)f(p)s
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17718(ossible)g(completions)1590 3853 y(alphab)s(etically)-8
17719b(.)1110 4009 y Ft(nospace)144 b Fu(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)g(not)g
8a0829e9 17720(to)g(app)s(end)d(a)j(space)g(\(the)f(default\))h(to)1590
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177214119 y(w)m(ords)30 b(completed)h(at)g(the)g(end)f(of)g(the)h(line.)1110
177224275 y Ft(plusdirs)96 b Fu(After)30 b(an)m(y)h(matc)m(hes)g(de\014ned)d
17723(b)m(y)i(the)g(compsp)s(ec)g(are)g(gener-)1590 4385 y(ated,)g
8a0829e9 17724(directory)f(name)g(completion)i(is)d(attempted)i(and)f(an)m(y)1590
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177254495 y(matc)m(hes)j(are)e(added)g(to)h(the)g(results)f(of)g(the)h
17726(other)g(actions.)630 4651 y Ft(-A)f Fj(action)66 b Fu(The)25
8a0829e9 17727b Fr(action)h Fu(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(one)h(of)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(to)e
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17728(generate)i(a)e(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)1110 4761 y(completions:)1110
177294917 y Ft(alias)240 b Fu(Alias)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31
8a0829e9 17730b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-a)p Fu(.)1110
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177315074 y Ft(arrayvar)96 b Fu(Arra)m(y)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31
17732b(names.)1110 5230 y Ft(binding)144 b Fu(Readline)30
8a0829e9 17733b(k)m(ey)f(binding)f(names)h(\(see)h(Section)f(8.4)h([Bindable)1590
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177345340 y(Readline)h(Commands],)f(page)h(121\).)p eop end
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17738b Fu(Names)21 b(of)g(shell)f(builtin)h(commands.)37 b(Ma)m(y)21
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8a0829e9 17750b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-f)p
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17751Fu(.)1110 1833 y Ft(function)96 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(shell)f
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177571110 2569 y Ft(hostname)96 b Fu(Hostnames,)89 b(as)76
17758b(tak)m(en)h(from)f(the)g(\014le)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)1590
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17762(con)m(trol)i(is)f(activ)m(e.)46 b(Ma)m(y)33 b(also)g(b)s(e)e(sp)s
17763(eci-)1590 3070 y(\014ed)f(as)g Ft(-j)p Fu(.)1110 3242
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177723868 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)i(page)f
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8a0829e9 17774(accepted)i(b)m(y)e(the)g Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin)1590
1a5fa30b 177754150 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(50\).)
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177761110 4322 y Ft(signal)192 b Fu(Signal)31 b(names.)1110
177774495 y Ft(stopped)144 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(stopp)s(ed)e(jobs,)h(if)g
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8a0829e9 17781b(of)g(all)g(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)56 b(Ma)m(y)37
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17782b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)1590 4949 y Ft(-v)p
17783Fu(.)630 5121 y Ft(-C)30 b Fj(command)1110 5230 y Fr(command)35
8a0829e9 17784b Fu(is)e(executed)g(in)e(a)i(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)i(and)f
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17785(its)g(output)g(is)1110 5340 y(used)e(as)g(the)h(p)s(ossible)f
17786(completions.)p eop end
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17787%%Page: 136 142
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17790b Fj(function)1110 408 y Fu(The)39 b(shell)g(function)g
17791Fr(function)g Fu(is)g(executed)h(in)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(shell)g(en)m
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17799b(When)29 b(it)h(\014nishes,)e(the)h(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(are)g
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178021240 y Ft(-G)30 b Fj(globpat)1110 1350 y Fu(The)39 b(\014lename)h
17803(expansion)g(pattern)g Fr(globpat)j Fu(is)d(expanded)f(to)h(generate)
178041110 1459 y(the)31 b(p)s(ossible)e(completions.)630 1633
17805y Ft(-P)h Fj(prefix)66 b Fr(pre\014x)39 b Fu(is)34 b(added)f(at)i(the)f
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a8fd3f3e 17809b(app)s(ended)f(to)i(eac)m(h)h(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(after)f(all)g
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17810(other)g(options)1110 2027 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(b)s(een)d(applied.)630
178112201 y Ft(-W)h Fj(wordlist)1110 2310 y Fu(The)24 b Fr(w)m(ordlist)k
6e51e0d0 17812Fu(is)d(split)g(using)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i
124d67cd 17813Ft(IFS)e Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110 2420 y(as)36
5cdaaf76 17814b(delimiters,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)h(resultan)m(t)g(w)m(ord)e(is)h
124d67cd 17815(expanded.)57 b(The)35 b(p)s(ossible)1110 2529 y(completions)c(are)e
5cdaaf76 17816(the)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list)g(whic)m(h)f
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17817(matc)m(h)i(the)1110 2639 y(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed.)630
178182813 y Ft(-X)g Fj(filterpat)1110 2923 y Fr(\014lterpat)d
6e51e0d0 17819Fu(is)e(a)g(pattern)g(as)f(used)g(for)h(\014lename)g(expansion.)38
124d67cd 17820b(It)25 b(is)g(applied)f(to)1110 3032 y(the)30 b(list)f(of)h(p)s
6e51e0d0 17821(ossible)f(completions)h(generated)h(b)m(y)e(the)g(preceding)h(options)
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178221110 3142 y(and)d(argumen)m(ts,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)i(completion)g(matc)m
17823(hing)g Fr(\014lterpat)h Fu(is)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)1110 3251
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17824y(from)i(the)h(list.)42 b(A)30 b(leading)i(`)p Ft(!)p
17825Fu(')e(in)g Fr(\014lterpat)j Fu(negates)f(the)f(pattern;)g(in)f(this)
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178261110 3361 y(case,)i(an)m(y)e(completion)i(not)f(matc)m(hing)g
17827Fr(\014lterpat)i Fu(is)d(remo)m(v)m(ed.)630 3535 y(The)35
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17828b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(true)f(unless)h(an)f(in)m(v)-5
17829b(alid)37 b(option)f(is)g(supplied,)g(an)g(option)h(other)630
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6e51e0d0 17831Fr(name)44 b Fu(argumen)m(t,)c(an)e(attempt)i(is)e(made)g(to)630
124d67cd 178323754 y(remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)e(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(for)f(a)
8a0829e9 17833h Fr(name)k Fu(for)30 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(sp)s(eci\014cation)h(exists,)
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17834630 3864 y(or)f(an)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs)g(adding)g(a)g(completion)i(sp)s
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124d67cd 17837Ft(])f([)p Fj(name)p Ft(])630 4321 y Fu(Mo)s(dify)33
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17838b(completion)h(options)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h Fr(name)39 b
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6e51e0d0 17841Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)44 b(are)h(supplied.)80 b(If)43 b(no)h
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17845g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)f Fr(option)h Fu(are)g(those)g(v)-5
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178494869 y(\\default")j(command)f(completion;)i(that)f(is,)g(completion)g
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17854(command)e(completion;)k(that)630 5198 y(is,)k(completion)g(attempted)h
17855(on)e(a)h(blank)f(line.)630 5340 y(The)g Ft(-D)g Fu(option)g(tak)m(es)i
17856(precedence)f(o)m(v)m(er)h Ft(-E)p Fu(.)p eop end
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17857%%Page: 137 143
17858TeXDict begin 137 142 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
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17860b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(true)g(unless)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5
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17873b(is)h(a)f(reasonably)h(go)s(o)s(d)150 1403 y(example)41
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17880(the)h Ft(COMP_CWORD)c Fu(v)-5 b(ariable.)275 1766 y(The)42
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17881b(function)h(relies)h(on)e(the)i Ft(complete)c Fu(and)j
17882Ft(compgen)e Fu(builtins)h(to)i(do)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(of)g(the)h(w)m(ork,)
124d67cd 17883150 1875 y(adding)25 b(only)h(the)g(things)g(that)g(the)g(Bash)g
8a0829e9 17884Ft(cd)f Fu(do)s(es)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)g(accepting)j(basic)e(directory)g
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37c41ab1
CR
19619y(Y)-8 b(ou)21 b(ma)m(y)h(also)f(lend)g(copies,)i(under)d(the)h(same)g
19620(conditions)g(stated)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(and)c(y)m(ou)h(ma)m(y)g
1231ac47
CR
19621(publicly)330 1310 y(displa)m(y)31 b(copies.)199 1443
19622y(3.)61 b(COPYING)30 b(IN)g(QUANTITY)330 1577 y(If)25
37c41ab1
CR
19623b(y)m(ou)g(publish)f(prin)m(ted)g(copies)i(\(or)g(copies)g(in)f(media)g
19624(that)h(commonly)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(prin)m(ted)f(co)m(v)m(ers\))i(of)330
1231ac47 196251687 y(the)32 b(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering)e(more)h(than)f
37c41ab1 19626(100,)j(and)d(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)h(license)f(notice)h(requires)330
1231ac47 196271797 y(Co)m(v)m(er)i(T)-8 b(exts,)36 b(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)f(enclose)i
37c41ab1 19628(the)e(copies)h(in)f(co)m(v)m(ers)i(that)f(carry)-8 b(,)36
1231ac47 19629b(clearly)f(and)f(legibly)-8 b(,)37 b(all)330 1906 y(these)j(Co)m(v)m
37c41ab1 19630(er)g(T)-8 b(exts:)59 b(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)41
5e13499c
CR
19631b(T)-8 b(exts)40 b(on)f(the)g(fron)m(t)g(co)m(v)m(er,)44
19632b(and)38 b(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er)k(T)-8 b(exts)40 b(on)330
1231ac47 196332016 y(the)29 b(bac)m(k)h(co)m(v)m(er.)42 b(Both)30 b(co)m(v)m(ers)h(m)
37c41ab1 19634m(ust)e(also)h(clearly)g(and)f(legibly)h(iden)m(tify)f(y)m(ou)h(as)f
1231ac47 19635(the)h(publisher)330 2125 y(of)k(these)h(copies.)53 b(The)34
37c41ab1 19636b(fron)m(t)h(co)m(v)m(er)h(m)m(ust)e(presen)m(t)g(the)h(full)f(title)i
1231ac47 19637(with)d(all)j(w)m(ords)d(of)i(the)f(title)330 2235 y(equally)e
37c41ab1
CR
19638(prominen)m(t)e(and)g(visible.)43 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(ma)m(y)g(add)g
19639(other)g(material)h(on)f(the)g(co)m(v)m(ers)h(in)e(addition.)330
1231ac47 196402345 y(Cop)m(ying)36 b(with)g(c)m(hanges)h(limited)g(to)g(the)g(co)m(v)
37c41ab1 19641m(ers,)i(as)d(long)h(as)g(they)f(preserv)m(e)g(the)h(title)g(of)g(the)
1231ac47 19642330 2454 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(and)e(satisfy)i(these)f(conditions,)j(can)d
37c41ab1 19643(b)s(e)g(treated)h(as)f(v)m(erbatim)h(cop)m(ying)g(in)f(other)330
1231ac47 196442564 y(resp)s(ects.)330 2698 y(If)32 b(the)h(required)f(texts)i(for)e
37c41ab1 19645(either)h(co)m(v)m(er)i(are)e(to)s(o)g(v)m(oluminous)g(to)g(\014t)g
1231ac47 19646(legibly)-8 b(,)35 b(y)m(ou)e(should)f(put)330 2807 y(the)h(\014rst)f
37c41ab1
CR
19647(ones)h(listed)g(\(as)h(man)m(y)f(as)g(\014t)g(reasonably\))g(on)g(the)
19648g(actual)h(co)m(v)m(er,)h(and)e(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(the)330
1231ac47 196492917 y(rest)d(on)m(to)g(adjacen)m(t)h(pages.)330 3051
37c41ab1
CR
19650y(If)27 b(y)m(ou)g(publish)e(or)i(distribute)g(Opaque)f(copies)i(of)f
19651(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering)f(more)i(than)e(100,)330
1231ac47 196523160 y(y)m(ou)i(m)m(ust)g(either)h(include)e(a)i(mac)m(hine-readable)g
37c41ab1 19653(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)28 b(cop)m(y)h(along)g(with)e(eac)m(h)i(Opaque)
1231ac47 19654330 3270 y(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(or)d(state)h(in)f(or)g(with)g(eac)m(h)h
37c41ab1 19655(Opaque)e(cop)m(y)i(a)g(computer-net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cation)h(from)d
1231ac47 19656(whic)m(h)330 3380 y(the)24 b(general)i(net)m(w)m(ork-using)f(public)e
37c41ab1 19657(has)h(access)i(to)f(do)m(wnload)f(using)g(public-standard)f(net)m(w)m
1231ac47 19658(ork)330 3489 y(proto)s(cols)40 b(a)f(complete)h(T)-8
5e13499c 19659b(ransparen)m(t)39 b(cop)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(free)d(of)g
1231ac47 19660(added)f(material.)67 b(If)330 3599 y(y)m(ou)39 b(use)g(the)g(latter)h
37c41ab1 19661(option,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)e(tak)m(e)j(reasonably)e(pruden)m(t)e
1231ac47 19662(steps,)k(when)d(y)m(ou)h(b)s(egin)330 3708 y(distribution)f(of)g
37c41ab1
CR
19663(Opaque)g(copies)h(in)e(quan)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(,)43 b(to)38
19664b(ensure)g(that)h(this)f(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)38 b(cop)m(y)h(will)330
1231ac47 196653818 y(remain)30 b(th)m(us)g(accessible)i(at)f(the)f(stated)h(lo)s
37c41ab1 19666(cation)h(un)m(til)e(at)h(least)h(one)e(y)m(ear)h(after)g(the)f(last)h
1231ac47 19667(time)330 3927 y(y)m(ou)37 b(distribute)f(an)h(Opaque)f(cop)m(y)i
37c41ab1 19668(\(directly)g(or)e(through)g(y)m(our)h(agen)m(ts)h(or)f(retailers\))h
1231ac47
CR
19669(of)f(that)330 4037 y(edition)31 b(to)g(the)g(public.)330
196704171 y(It)k(is)f(requested,)i(but)e(not)h(required,)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g
5e13499c 19671(con)m(tact)h(the)f(authors)f(of)h(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(w)m(ell)330
1231ac47 196724281 y(b)s(efore)28 b(redistributing)g(an)m(y)h(large)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
37c41ab1 19673(er)d(of)i(copies,)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(them)f(a)g(c)m(hance)h(to)f(pro)m
1231ac47
CR
19674(vide)g(y)m(ou)330 4390 y(with)h(an)g(up)s(dated)f(v)m(ersion)i(of)g
19675(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)199 4524 y(4.)61 b(MODIFICA)-8
19676b(TIONS)330 4658 y(Y)g(ou)26 b(ma)m(y)g(cop)m(y)g(and)f(distribute)g(a)
37c41ab1 19677h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)26 b(of)g(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(under)
1231ac47 19678e(the)h(conditions)330 4768 y(of)c(sections)h(2)g(and)e(3)h(ab)s(o)m(v)
37c41ab1 19679m(e,)k(pro)m(vided)20 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(release)i(the)e(Mo)s(di\014ed)f
1231ac47 19680(V)-8 b(ersion)22 b(under)d(precisely)330 4877 y(this)29
37c41ab1
CR
19681b(License,)h(with)f(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)30
19682b(\014lling)f(the)g(role)h(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(th)m(us)f
1231ac47 19683(licensing)330 4987 y(distribution)k(and)h(mo)s(di\014cation)g(of)h
37c41ab1 19684(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)35 b(to)g(who)s(ev)m(er)f(p)s
1231ac47 19685(ossesses)f(a)i(cop)m(y)g(of)330 5096 y(it.)41 b(In)30
37c41ab1 19686b(addition,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f(these)h(things)f(in)g(the)h(Mo)s
1231ac47 19687(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion:)357 5230 y(A.)60 b(Use)33
c2a47ea9
CR
19688b(in)f(the)h(Title)h(P)m(age)g(\(and)f(on)f(the)h(co)m(v)m(ers,)i(if)e
19689(an)m(y\))g(a)g(title)h(distinct)f(from)g(that)g(of)g(the)510
1231ac47 196905340 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)j(and)d(from)g(those)i(of)f(previous)f(v)m
c2a47ea9 19691(ersions)h(\(whic)m(h)g(should,)g(if)g(there)g(w)m(ere)g(an)m(y)-8
1231ac47 19692b(,)p eop end
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19693%%Page: 163 169
19694TeXDict begin 163 168 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29
ad4aef08 19695b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560
1a5fa30b 19696b(163)510 299 y(b)s(e)31 b(listed)h(in)f(the)g(History)h(section)g(of)g
ad4aef08
CR
19697(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)
19698h(title)h(as)510 408 y(a)e(previous)f(v)m(ersion)g(if)h(the)f(original)
19699i(publisher)d(of)h(that)h(v)m(ersion)g(giv)m(es)h(p)s(ermission.)360
19700545 y(B.)61 b(List)31 b(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i(as)d(authors,)h
19701(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s(ersons)e(or)h(en)m(tities)j(resp)s(onsible)c
19702(for)510 655 y(authorship)c(of)h(the)h(mo)s(di\014cations)f(in)g(the)g
19703(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h
19704(\014v)m(e)510 765 y(of)c(the)g(principal)g(authors)f(of)i(the)f(Do)s
19705(cumen)m(t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f(principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g
19706(few)m(er)510 874 y(than)30 b(\014v)m(e\),)h(unless)f(they)h(release)g
19707(y)m(ou)g(from)f(this)g(requiremen)m(t.)359 1011 y(C.)60
1231ac47
CR
19708b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g
19709(publisher)e(of)i(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)32
19710b(as)f(the)510 1121 y(publisher.)355 1258 y(D.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)31
19711b(all)g(the)g(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(notices)f(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)
19712363 1395 y(E.)60 b(Add)30 b(an)i(appropriate)f(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)i
19713(notice)f(for)g(y)m(our)f(mo)s(di\014cations)g(adjacen)m(t)i(to)f(the)g
19714(other)510 1504 y(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g(notices.)365 1641
19715y(F.)61 b(Include,)28 b(immediately)h(after)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g
19716(notices,)h(a)e(license)h(notice)g(giving)g(the)f(public)510
197171751 y(p)s(ermission)23 b(to)j(use)e(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8
19718b(ersion)25 b(under)e(the)i(terms)f(of)h(this)f(License,)j(in)d(the)g
19719(form)510 1861 y(sho)m(wn)30 b(in)g(the)g(Addendum)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)353
197201998 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f
37c41ab1 19721(full)g(lists)g(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(Sections)h(and)e
1231ac47
CR
19722(required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 2107 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f
19723(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)g(license)h(notice.)357 2244
37c41ab1 19724y(H.)60 b(Include)30 b(an)g(unaltered)g(cop)m(y)h(of)g(this)f(License.)
1231ac47 19725392 2381 y(I.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)f(section)h(En)m(titled)g
37c41ab1 19726(\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g
1231ac47 19727(item)510 2491 y(stating)d(at)g(least)g(the)g(title,)h(y)m(ear,)g(new)d
37c41ab1 19728(authors,)i(and)e(publisher)f(of)j(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8
1231ac47 19729b(ersion)510 2600 y(as)32 b(giv)m(en)g(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age.)45
37c41ab1 19730b(If)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(section)i(En)m(titled)f(\\History")h(in)e
1231ac47 19731(the)g(Do)s(cu-)510 2710 y(men)m(t,)37 b(create)f(one)f(stating)h(the)f
37c41ab1 19732(title,)i(y)m(ear,)g(authors,)f(and)e(publisher)f(of)i(the)g(Do)s
1231ac47 19733(cumen)m(t)510 2819 y(as)h(giv)m(en)h(on)f(its)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i
37c41ab1 19734(then)d(add)g(an)g(item)g(describing)g(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8
1231ac47
CR
19735b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2929 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m
19736(tence.)378 3066 y(J.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)g(net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s
37c41ab1 19737(cation,)i(if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(giv)m(en)f(in)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m
1231ac47 19738(t)h(for)g(public)e(access)j(to)510 3176 y(a)e(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)30
37c41ab1 19739b(cop)m(y)i(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(and)f(lik)m(ewise)h(the)g(net)
1231ac47 19740m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cations)g(giv)m(en)g(in)510 3285 y(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m
37c41ab1 19741(t)g(for)g(previous)f(v)m(ersions)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(based)f(on.)45
1231ac47 19742b(These)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(placed)h(in)g(the)510 3395
37c41ab1
CR
19743y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net)
19744m(w)m(ork)h(lo)s(cation)g(for)f(a)h(w)m(ork)f(that)g(w)m(as)h
1231ac47 19745(published)510 3504 y(at)36 b(least)h(four)e(y)m(ears)i(b)s(efore)e
37c41ab1 19746(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(itself,)h(or)d(if)h(the)g(original)h(publisher)
1231ac47
CR
19747d(of)i(the)510 3614 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s
19748(ermission.)354 3751 y(K.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(an)m(y)h(section)f(En)m
37c41ab1 19749(titled)h(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts")i(or)d(\\Dedications",)k
1231ac47 19750(Preserv)m(e)c(the)g(Title)510 3861 y(of)j(the)f(section,)j(and)d
37c41ab1 19751(preserv)m(e)h(in)f(the)h(section)g(all)h(the)e(substance)h(and)f(tone)
1231ac47 19752h(of)f(eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)510 3970 y(con)m(tributor)k(ac)m(kno)m
37c41ab1 19753(wledgemen)m(ts)i(and/or)d(dedications)h(giv)m(en)h(therein.)368
1231ac47 197544107 y(L.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)36 b(all)g(the)g(In)m(v)-5
37c41ab1 19755b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(of)f(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(unaltered)f
1231ac47 19756(in)f(their)g(text)i(and)510 4217 y(in)f(their)g(titles.)58
37c41ab1
CR
19757b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5
19758b(alen)m(t)38 b(are)e(not)g(considered)g(part)g(of)g(the)510
1231ac47 197594326 y(section)c(titles.)341 4463 y(M.)61 b(Delete)33
37c41ab1
CR
19760b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42
19761b(Suc)m(h)30 b(a)i(section)f(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(included)510
1231ac47
CR
197624573 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357
197634710 y(N.)60 b(Do)29 b(not)g(retitle)h(an)m(y)e(existing)i(section)f
37c41ab1 19764(to)g(b)s(e)f(En)m(titled)h(\\Endorsemen)m(ts")g(or)f(to)h(con\015ict)g
1231ac47
CR
19765(in)510 4819 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31
19766b(Section.)354 4956 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8
19767b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 5121 y(If)h(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g
37c41ab1 19768(V)-8 b(ersion)34 b(includes)f(new)g(fron)m(t-matter)i(sections)f(or)f
1231ac47 19769(app)s(endices)g(that)h(qualify)330 5230 y(as)28 b(Secondary)g
37c41ab1 19770(Sections)g(and)f(con)m(tain)j(no)d(material)j(copied)e(from)f(the)h
1231ac47 19771(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)g(at)330 5340 y(y)m(our)k(option)h
c2a47ea9 19772(designate)h(some)e(or)h(all)g(of)f(these)h(sections)h(as)e(in)m(v)-5
1231ac47 19773b(arian)m(t.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(do)f(this,)h(add)f(their)p
c2a47ea9 19774eop end
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19775%%Page: 164 170
19776TeXDict begin 164 169 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29
c2a47ea9 19777b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560
1a5fa30b 19778b(164)330 299 y(titles)37 b(to)f(the)f(list)h(of)g(In)m(v)-5
1231ac47
CR
19779b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(in)f(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8
19780b(ersion's)36 b(license)g(notice.)57 b(These)330 408
19781y(titles)32 b(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(distinct)h(from)e(an)m(y)i(other)g
19782(section)g(titles.)330 551 y(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(ma)m(y)g(add)f(a)g(section)
19783i(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts",)j(pro)m(vided)c(it)h(con)m(tains)g
19784(nothing)g(but)330 661 y(endorsemen)m(ts)30 b(of)g(y)m(our)f(Mo)s
37c41ab1 19785(di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(b)m(y)e(v)-5 b(arious)30
1231ac47 19786b(parties|for)g(example,)g(statemen)m(ts)i(of)330 770
37c41ab1
CR
19787y(p)s(eer)27 b(review)g(or)g(that)h(the)f(text)i(has)d(b)s(een)h(appro)
19788m(v)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(an)h(organization)h(as)e(the)h(authoritativ)m(e)330
1231ac47 19789880 y(de\014nition)i(of)h(a)f(standard.)330 1022 y(Y)-8
37c41ab1
CR
19790b(ou)29 b(ma)m(y)g(add)e(a)i(passage)g(of)g(up)e(to)i(\014v)m(e)g(w)m
19791(ords)e(as)i(a)g(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)30 b(T)-8
1231ac47 19792b(ext,)30 b(and)e(a)g(passage)i(of)e(up)330 1132 y(to)g(25)g(w)m(ords)e
37c41ab1
CR
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21376Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
21377(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
0fcb3344 21378g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3097
037a8b7f
CR
21379y(w)n(ord)h(splitting)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
21380(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
124d67cd 21381g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(31)2021 3458 y Fs(Y)2025
0fcb3344 213823586 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
037a8b7f 21383(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
1a5fa30b 21384g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(108)p eop end
5e13499c 21385%%Trailer
37c41ab1 21386
5e13499c
CR
21387userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
21388%%EOF