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5a738aea | 251 | --></style> |
ef416fc2 | 252 | </head> |
253 | <body> | |
5a738aea | 254 | <div class='body'> |
ef416fc2 | 255 | <!-- |
ac884b6a | 256 | "$Id: api-filter.header 7285 2008-02-01 23:57:39Z mike $" |
ef416fc2 | 257 | |
5a738aea MS |
258 | Filter and backend programming header for the Common UNIX Printing System |
259 | (CUPS). | |
ef416fc2 | 260 | |
5a738aea | 261 | Copyright 2008 by Apple Inc. |
ef416fc2 | 262 | |
263 | These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the | |
bc44d920 | 264 | property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright |
265 | law. Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt" | |
266 | which should have been included with this file. If this file is | |
267 | file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/". | |
ef416fc2 | 268 | --> |
269 | ||
5a738aea | 270 | <h1 class="title">Filter and Backend Programming</h1> |
ef416fc2 | 271 | |
5a738aea MS |
272 | <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'> |
273 | <thead> | |
274 | <tr> | |
ac884b6a | 275 | <th>Headers</th> |
5a738aea | 276 | <th>cups/backend.h<br> |
ac884b6a MS |
277 | cups/sidechannel.h<br> |
278 | cups/snmp.h</th> | |
5a738aea MS |
279 | </tr> |
280 | </thead> | |
281 | <tbody> | |
282 | <tr> | |
283 | <th>Library</th> | |
284 | <td>-lcups</td> | |
285 | </tr> | |
286 | <tr> | |
287 | <th>See Also</th> | |
288 | <td>Programming: <a href='api-overview.html' target='_top'>Introduction to CUPS Programming</a><br> | |
289 | Programming: <a href='api-cups.html' target='_top'>CUPS API</a><br> | |
290 | Programming: <a href='api-ppd.html' target='_top'>PPD API</a><br> | |
291 | Programming: <a href='api-raster.html' target='_top'>Raster API</a></td> | |
292 | </tr> | |
293 | </tbody> | |
294 | </table></div> | |
295 | <h2 class="title">Contents</h2> | |
296 | <ul class="contents"> | |
297 | </li> | |
298 | <li><a href="#OVERVIEW">Overview</a><ul class="subcontents"> | |
ac884b6a MS |
299 | <li><a href="#SECURITY">Security Considerations</a></li> |
300 | <li><a href="#TEMPFILES">Temporary Files</a></li> | |
301 | <li><a href="#COPIES">Copy Generation</a></li> | |
5a738aea MS |
302 | <li><a href="#EXITCODES">Exit Codes</a></li> |
303 | <li><a href="#ENVIRONMENT">Environment Variables</a></li> | |
304 | <li><a href="#MESSAGES">Communicating with the Scheduler</a></li> | |
305 | <li><a href="#COMMUNICATING">Communicating with the Backend</a></li> | |
ac884b6a | 306 | <li><a href="#SNMP">Doing SNMP Queries with Network Printers</a></li> |
5a738aea MS |
307 | </ul></li> |
308 | <li><a href="#FUNCTIONS">Functions</a><ul class="code"> | |
309 | <li><a href="#cupsBackChannelRead" title="Read data from the backchannel.">cupsBackChannelRead</a></li> | |
310 | <li><a href="#cupsBackChannelWrite" title="Write data to the backchannel.">cupsBackChannelWrite</a></li> | |
ac884b6a | 311 | <li><a href="#cupsBackendDeviceURI" title="Get the device URI for a backend.">cupsBackendDeviceURI</a></li> |
5a738aea MS |
312 | <li><a href="#cupsSideChannelDoRequest" title="Send a side-channel command to a backend and wait for a response.">cupsSideChannelDoRequest</a></li> |
313 | <li><a href="#cupsSideChannelRead" title="Read a side-channel message.">cupsSideChannelRead</a></li> | |
314 | <li><a href="#cupsSideChannelWrite" title="Write a side-channel message.">cupsSideChannelWrite</a></li> | |
315 | </ul> | |
316 | <li><a href="#TYPES">Data Types</a><ul class="code"> | |
317 | <li><a href="#cups_backend_t" title="Backend exit codes">cups_backend_t</a></li> | |
318 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_bidi_t" title="Bidirectional capabilities">cups_sc_bidi_t</a></li> | |
319 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_command_t" title="Request command codes">cups_sc_command_t</a></li> | |
320 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_state_t" title="Printer state bits">cups_sc_state_t</a></li> | |
321 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_status_t" title="Response status codes">cups_sc_status_t</a></li> | |
322 | </ul></li> | |
323 | <li><a href="#ENUMERATIONS">Constants</a><ul class="code"> | |
324 | <li><a href="#cups_backend_e" title="Backend exit codes">cups_backend_e</a></li> | |
325 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_bidi_e" title="Bidirectional capabilities">cups_sc_bidi_e</a></li> | |
326 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_command_e" title="Request command codes">cups_sc_command_e</a></li> | |
327 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_state_e" title="Printer state bits">cups_sc_state_e</a></li> | |
328 | <li><a href="#cups_sc_status_e" title="Response status codes">cups_sc_status_e</a></li> | |
329 | </ul></li> | |
330 | </ul> | |
331 | <!-- | |
ac884b6a | 332 | "$Id: api-filter.shtml 7288 2008-02-06 01:39:05Z mike $" |
ef416fc2 | 333 | |
5a738aea MS |
334 | Filter and backend programming introduction for the Common UNIX Printing |
335 | System (CUPS). | |
ef416fc2 | 336 | |
5a738aea MS |
337 | Copyright 2007-2008 by Apple Inc. |
338 | Copyright 1997-2006 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved. | |
ef416fc2 | 339 | |
5a738aea MS |
340 | These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the |
341 | property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright | |
342 | law. Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt" | |
343 | which should have been included with this file. If this file is | |
344 | file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/". | |
345 | --> | |
f7deaa1a | 346 | |
5a738aea | 347 | <h2 class='title'><a name="OVERVIEW">Overview</a></h2> |
ef416fc2 | 348 | |
5a738aea MS |
349 | <p>Filters, printer drivers, port monitors, and backends use a common interface |
350 | for processing print jobs and communicating status information to the scheduler. | |
351 | Each filter is run with a standard set of command-line arguments:<p> | |
ef416fc2 | 352 | |
5a738aea | 353 | <dl class="code"> |
f7deaa1a | 354 | |
5a738aea MS |
355 | <dt>argv[1]</dt> |
356 | <dd>The job ID</dd> | |
ef416fc2 | 357 | |
5a738aea MS |
358 | <dt>argv[2]</dt> |
359 | <dd>The user printing the job</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 360 | |
5a738aea MS |
361 | <dt>argv[3]</dt> |
362 | <dd>The job name/title</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 363 | |
5a738aea MS |
364 | <dt>argv[4]</dt> |
365 | <dd>The number of copies to print</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 366 | |
5a738aea MS |
367 | <dt>argv[5]</dt> |
368 | <dd>The options that were provided when the job was submitted</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 369 | |
5a738aea MS |
370 | <dt>argv[6]</dt> |
371 | <dd>The file to print (first filter only)</dd> | |
372 | </dl> | |
f7deaa1a | 373 | |
5a738aea MS |
374 | <p>The scheduler runs one or more of these programs to print any given job. The |
375 | first filter reads from the print file and writes to the standard output, while | |
376 | the remaining filters read from the standard input and write to the standard | |
377 | output. The backend is the last filter in the chain and writes to the | |
378 | device.</p> | |
f7deaa1a | 379 | |
ac884b6a MS |
380 | <h3><a name="SECURITY">Security Considerations</a></h3> |
381 | ||
382 | <p>It is always important to use security programming practices. Filters and | |
383 | most backends are run as a non-priviledged user, so the major security | |
384 | consideration is resource utilization - filters should not depend on unlimited | |
385 | amounts of CPU, memory, or disk space, and should protect against conditions | |
386 | that could lead to excess usage of any resource like infinite loops and | |
387 | unbounded recursion. In addition, filters must <em>never</em> allow the user to | |
388 | specify an arbitrary file path to a separator page, template, or other file | |
389 | used by the filter since that can lead to an unauthorized disclosure of | |
390 | information. <em>Always</em> treat input as suspect and validate it!</p> | |
391 | ||
392 | <p>If you are developing a backend that runs as root, make sure to check for | |
393 | potential buffer overflows, integer under/overflow conditions, and file | |
394 | accesses since these can lead to privilege escalations. When writing files, | |
395 | always validate the file path and <em>never</em> allow a user to determine | |
396 | where to store a file.</p> | |
397 | ||
398 | <blockquote><b>Note:</b> | |
399 | ||
400 | <p><em>Never</em> write files to a user's home directory. Aside from the | |
401 | security implications, CUPS is a network print service and as such the network | |
402 | user may not be the same as the local user and/or there may not be a local home | |
403 | directory to write to.</p> | |
404 | ||
405 | <p>In addition, some operating systems provide additional security mechanisms | |
406 | that further limit file system access, even for backends running as root. On | |
407 | Mac OS X, for example, no backend may write to a user's home directory.</p> | |
408 | </blockquote> | |
409 | ||
410 | <h3><a name="TEMPFILES">Temporary Files</a></h3> | |
411 | ||
412 | <p>Temporary files should be created in the directory specified by the | |
413 | "TMPDIR" environment variable. The | |
414 | <a href="#cupsTempFile2"><code>cupsTempFile2</code></a> function can be | |
415 | used to safely create temporary files in this directory.</p> | |
416 | ||
417 | <h3><a name="COPIES">Copy Generation</a></h3> | |
418 | ||
419 | <p>The <code>argv[4]</code> argument specifies the number of copies to produce | |
420 | of the input file. In general, you should only generate copies if the | |
421 | <em>filename</em> argument is supplied. The only exception to this are | |
422 | filters that produce device-independent PostScript output, since the PostScript | |
423 | filter <var>pstops</var> is responsible for generating copies of PostScript | |
424 | files.</p> | |
425 | ||
5a738aea | 426 | <h3><a name="EXITCODES">Exit Codes</a></h3> |
f7deaa1a | 427 | |
5a738aea MS |
428 | <p>Filters must exit with status 0 when they successfully generate print data |
429 | or 1 when they encounter an error. Backends can return any of the | |
430 | <a href="#cups_backend_t"><code>cups_backend_t</code></a> constants.</p> | |
f7deaa1a | 431 | |
5a738aea | 432 | <h3><a name="ENVIRONMENT">Environment Variables</a></h3> |
f7deaa1a | 433 | |
5a738aea | 434 | <p>The following environment variables are defined by the printing system:</p> |
f7deaa1a | 435 | |
5a738aea | 436 | <dl class="code"> |
f7deaa1a | 437 | |
5a738aea MS |
438 | <dt>APPLE_LANGUAGES</dt> |
439 | <dd>The Apple language identifier associated with the job | |
440 | (Mac OS X only).</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 441 | |
5a738aea MS |
442 | <dt>CHARSET</dt> |
443 | <dd>The job character set, typically "utf-8".</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 444 | |
5a738aea MS |
445 | <dt>CLASS</dt> |
446 | <dd>When a job is submitted to a printer class, contains the name of | |
447 | the destination printer class. Otherwise this environment | |
448 | variable will not be set.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 449 | |
5a738aea MS |
450 | <dt>CONTENT_TYPE</dt> |
451 | <dd>The MIME type associated with the file (e.g. | |
452 | application/postscript).</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 453 | |
5a738aea MS |
454 | <dt>CUPS_CACHEDIR</dt> |
455 | <dd>The directory where cache files can be stored.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 456 | |
5a738aea MS |
457 | <dt>CUPS_DATADIR</dt> |
458 | <dd>The directory where data files can be found.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 459 | |
5a738aea MS |
460 | <dt>CUPS_SERVERROOT</dt> |
461 | <dd>The root directory of the server.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 462 | |
5a738aea MS |
463 | <dt>DEVICE_URI</dt> |
464 | <dd>The device-uri associated with the printer.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 465 | |
5a738aea MS |
466 | <dt>FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE</dt> |
467 | <dd>The MIME type associated with the printer (e.g. | |
468 | application/vnd.cups-postscript).</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 469 | |
5a738aea MS |
470 | <dt>LANG</dt> |
471 | <dd>The language locale associated with the job.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 472 | |
5a738aea MS |
473 | <dt>PPD</dt> |
474 | <dd>The full pathname of the PostScript Printer Description (PPD) | |
475 | file for this printer.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 476 | |
5a738aea MS |
477 | <dt>PRINTER</dt> |
478 | <dd>The name of the printer.</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 479 | |
5a738aea MS |
480 | <dt>RIP_CACHE</dt> |
481 | <dd>The recommended amount of memory to use for Raster Image | |
482 | Processors (RIPs).</dd> | |
f7deaa1a | 483 | |
5a738aea | 484 | </dl> |
f7deaa1a | 485 | |
5a738aea | 486 | <h3><a name="MESSAGES">Communicating with the Scheduler</a></h3> |
f7deaa1a | 487 | |
5a738aea MS |
488 | <p>Filters and backends communicate wih the scheduler by writing messages |
489 | to the standard error file. For example, the following code sets the current | |
490 | printer state message to "Printing page 5":</p> | |
f7deaa1a | 491 | |
5a738aea MS |
492 | <pre class="example"> |
493 | int page = 5; | |
f7deaa1a | 494 | |
5a738aea | 495 | fprintf(stderr, "INFO: Printing page %d\n", page); |
f7deaa1a | 496 | </pre> |
497 | ||
5a738aea MS |
498 | <p>Each message is a single line of text starting with one of the following |
499 | prefix strings:</p> | |
500 | ||
501 | <dl class="code"> | |
502 | ||
503 | <dt>ALERT: message</dt> | |
504 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
505 | message to the current error log file using the "alert" log level.</dd> | |
506 | ||
507 | <dt>ATTR: attribute=value [attribute=value]</dt> | |
508 | <dd>Sets the named printer or job attribute(s). Typically this is used | |
509 | to set the <code>marker-colors</code>, <code>marker-levels</code>, | |
510 | <code>marker-names</code>, <code>marker-types</code>, | |
511 | <code>printer-alert</code>, and <code>printer-alert-description</code> | |
512 | printer attributes.</dd> | |
513 | ||
514 | <dt>CRIT: message</dt> | |
515 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
516 | message to the current error log file using the "critical" log | |
517 | level.</dd> | |
518 | ||
519 | <dt>DEBUG: message</dt> | |
520 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
521 | message to the current error log file using the "debug" log level.</dd> | |
522 | ||
523 | <dt>DEBUG2: message</dt> | |
524 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
525 | message to the current error log file using the "debug2" log level.</dd> | |
526 | ||
527 | <dt>EMERG: message</dt> | |
528 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
529 | message to the current error log file using the "emergency" log | |
530 | level.</dd> | |
531 | ||
532 | <dt>ERROR: message</dt> | |
533 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
534 | message to the current error log file using the "error" log level.</dd> | |
535 | ||
536 | <dt>INFO: message</dt> | |
537 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute. If the current log level | |
538 | is set to "debug2", also adds the specified message to the current error | |
539 | log file using the "info" log level.</dd> | |
540 | ||
541 | <dt>NOTICE: message</dt> | |
542 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
543 | message to the current error log file using the "notice" log level.</dd> | |
544 | ||
545 | <dt>PAGE: page-number #-copies</dt> | |
546 | <dt>PAGE: total #-pages</dt> | |
547 | <dd>Adds an entry to the current page log file. The first form adds | |
548 | #-copies to the job-media-sheets-completed attribute. The second | |
549 | form sets the job-media-sheets-completed attribute to #-pages.</dd> | |
550 | ||
551 | <dt>STATE: printer-state-reason [printer-state-reason ...]</dt> | |
552 | <dt>STATE: + printer-state-reason [printer-state-reason ...]</dt> | |
553 | <dt>STATE: - printer-state-reason [printer-state-reason ...]</dt> | |
554 | <dd>Sets, adds, or removes printer-state-reason keywords to the | |
555 | current queue. Typically this is used to indicate media, ink, and | |
556 | toner conditions on a printer.</dd> | |
557 | ||
558 | <dt>WARNING: message</dt> | |
559 | <dd>Sets the printer-state-message attribute and adds the specified | |
560 | message to the current error log file using the "warning" log | |
561 | level.</dd> | |
562 | ||
563 | </dl> | |
564 | ||
565 | <p>Messages without one of these prefixes are treated as if they began with | |
566 | the "DEBUG:" prefix string.</p> | |
567 | ||
568 | <h3><a name="COMMUNICATING">Communicating with the Backend</a></h3> | |
569 | ||
570 | <p>Filters can communicate with the backend via the | |
571 | <a href="#cupsBackChannelRead"><code>cupsBackChannelRead</code></a> and | |
572 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelDoRequest"><code>cupsSideChannelDoRequest</code></a> | |
573 | functions. The | |
574 | <a href="#cupsBackChannelRead"><code>cupsBackChannelRead</code></a> function | |
575 | reads data that has been sent back from the device and is typically used to | |
576 | obtain status and configuration information. For example, the following code | |
577 | polls the backend for back-channel data:</p> | |
578 | ||
579 | <pre class="example"> | |
580 | #include <cups/cups.h> | |
581 | ||
582 | char buffer[8192]; | |
583 | ssize_t bytes; | |
584 | ||
585 | /* Use a timeout of 0.0 seconds to poll for back-channel data */ | |
586 | bytes = cupsBackChannelRead(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0.0); | |
587 | </pre> | |
f7deaa1a | 588 | |
5a738aea MS |
589 | The |
590 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelDoRequest"><code>cupsSideChannelDoRequest</code></a> | |
591 | function allows you to get out-of-band status information and do synchronization | |
592 | with the device. For example, the following code gets the current IEEE-1284 | |
593 | device ID string from the backend:</p> | |
594 | ||
595 | <pre class="example"> | |
f7deaa1a | 596 | #include <cups/sidechannel.h> |
597 | ||
598 | char data[2049]; | |
599 | int datalen; | |
5a738aea | 600 | <a href="#cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a> status; |
f7deaa1a | 601 | |
602 | /* Tell cupsSideChannelDoRequest() how big our buffer is, less 1 byte for nul-termination... */ | |
603 | datalen = sizeof(data) - 1; | |
604 | ||
605 | /* Get the IEEE-1284 device ID, waiting for up to 1 second */ | |
5a738aea | 606 | status = <a href="#cupsSideChannelDoRequest">cupsSideChannelDoRequest</a>(CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_ID, data, &datalen, 1.0); |
f7deaa1a | 607 | |
608 | /* Use the returned value if OK was returned and the length is non-zero */ | |
609 | if (status == CUPS_SC_STATUS_OK && datalen > 0) | |
610 | data[datalen] = '\0'; | |
611 | else | |
612 | data[0] = '\0'; | |
613 | </pre> | |
614 | ||
5a738aea MS |
615 | <p>Backends communicate with filters using the reciprocal functions |
616 | <a href="#cupsBackChannelWrite"><code>cupsBackChannelWrite</code></a>, | |
617 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelRead"><code>cupsSideChannelRead</code></a>, and | |
618 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelWrite"><code>cupsSideChannelWrite</code></a>. We | |
619 | recommend writing back-channel data using a timeout of 1.0 seconds:</p> | |
f7deaa1a | 620 | |
5a738aea MS |
621 | <pre class="example"> |
622 | #include <cups/cups.h> | |
f7deaa1a | 623 | |
5a738aea MS |
624 | char buffer[8192]; |
625 | ssize_t bytes; | |
f7deaa1a | 626 | |
5a738aea MS |
627 | /* Use a timeout of 1.0 seconds to give filters a chance to read */ |
628 | cupsBackChannelWrite(buffer, bytes, 1.0); | |
f7deaa1a | 629 | </pre> |
630 | ||
5a738aea MS |
631 | <p>The <a href="#cupsSideChannelRead"><code>cupsSideChannelRead</code></a> |
632 | function reads a side-channel command from a filter, driver, or port monitor. | |
633 | Backends can either poll for commands using a <code>timeout</code> of 0.0, wait | |
634 | indefinitely for commands using a <code>timeout</code> of -1.0 (probably in a | |
635 | separate thread for that purpose), or use <code>select</code> or | |
636 | <code>poll</code> on the <code>CUPS_SC_FD</code> file descriptor (4) to handle | |
637 | input and output on several file descriptors at the same time. Backends can pass | |
638 | <code>NULL</code> for the <code>data</code> and <code>datalen</code> parameters | |
639 | since none of the commands sent by upstream filters contain any data at this | |
640 | time.</p> | |
641 | ||
642 | <p>Once a command is processed, the backend uses the | |
643 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelWrite"><code>cupsSideChannelWrite</code></a> function | |
644 | to send its response. For example, the following code shows how to poll for a | |
645 | side-channel command and respond to it:</p> | |
646 | ||
647 | <pre class="example"> | |
f7deaa1a | 648 | #include <cups/sidechannel.h> |
649 | ||
5a738aea MS |
650 | <a href="#cups_sc_command_t">cups_sc_command_t</a> command; |
651 | <a href="#cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a> status; | |
f7deaa1a | 652 | |
653 | /* Poll for a command... */ | |
5a738aea | 654 | if (!<a href="#cupsSideChannelRead">cupsSideChannelRead</a>(&command, &status, NULL, NULL, 0.0)) |
f7deaa1a | 655 | { |
656 | char data[2048]; | |
657 | int datalen; | |
658 | ||
659 | switch (command) | |
660 | { | |
5a738aea | 661 | /* handle supported commands, file data/datalen/status with values as needed */ |
f7deaa1a | 662 | |
663 | default : | |
664 | status = CUPS_SC_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; | |
665 | datalen = 0; | |
666 | break; | |
667 | } | |
668 | ||
669 | /* Send a response... */ | |
5a738aea | 670 | <a href="#cupsSideChannelWrite">cupsSideChannelWrite</a>(command, status, data, datalen, 1.0); |
f7deaa1a | 671 | } |
672 | </pre> | |
ac884b6a MS |
673 | |
674 | <h3><a name="SNMP">Doing SNMP Queries with Network Printers</a></h3> | |
675 | ||
7a14d768 MS |
676 | <p>Re-write for side-channel-based SNMP queries.</p> |
677 | ||
678 | <!-- | |
ac884b6a MS |
679 | <p>The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows you to get the current |
680 | status, page counter, and supply levels from most network printers. Every | |
681 | piece of information is associated with an Object Identifier (OID), and | |
682 | every printer has a <em>community</em> name associated with it. OIDs can be | |
683 | queried directly or by "walking" over a range of OIDs with a common prefix.</p> | |
684 | ||
685 | <p>The CUPS SNMP functions provide a simple API for querying network printers. | |
686 | Queries are made using a datagram socket that is created using | |
687 | <a href="#cupsSNMPOpen"><code>cupsSNMPOpen</code></a> and destroyed using | |
688 | <a href="#cupsSNMPClose"><code>cupsSNMPClose</code></a>:</p> | |
689 | ||
690 | <pre class="example"> | |
691 | #include <cups/snmp.h> | |
692 | ||
693 | int snmp = <a href="#cupsSNMPOpen">cupsSNMPOpen</a>(AF_INET); | |
694 | ||
695 | /* do some queries */ | |
696 | ||
697 | <a href="#cupsSNMPClose">cupsSNMPClose</a>(snmp); | |
698 | </pre> | |
699 | ||
700 | <p>OIDs are simple C arrays of integers, terminated by a value of -1. For | |
701 | example, the page counter OID .1.3.6.1.2.1.43.10.2.1.4.1.1 would be:</p> | |
702 | ||
703 | <pre class="example"> | |
704 | int page_counter_oid[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 43, 10, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, -1 }; | |
705 | </pre> | |
706 | ||
707 | <p>You send a query using | |
708 | <a href="#cupsSNMPWrite"><code>cupsSNMPWrite</code></a> and read the value back | |
709 | using <a href="#cupsSNMPRead"><code>cupsSNMPRead</code></a>. The value is read | |
710 | into a structure called <a href="#cups_snmp_t"><code>cups_snmp_t</code></a>:</p> | |
711 | ||
712 | <pre class="example"> | |
713 | #include <cups/snmp.h> | |
714 | ||
715 | int page_counter_oid[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 43, 10, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, -1 }; | |
716 | http_addrlist_t *host = httpAddrGetList("myprinter", AF_UNSPEC, "161"); | |
717 | int snmp = <a href="#cupsSNMPOpen">cupsSNMPOpen</a>(host->addr.addr.sa_family); | |
718 | <a href="#cups_snmp_t">cups_snmp_t</a> packet; | |
719 | ||
720 | <a href="#cupsSNMPWrite">cupsSNMPWrite</a>(snmp, &(host->addr), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1, | |
721 | <a href="#cupsSNMPDefaultCommunity">cupsSNMPDefaultCommunity</a>(), CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST, 1, | |
722 | page_counter_oid); | |
723 | if (<a href="#cupsSNMPRead">cupsSNMPRead</a>(snmp, &packet, 5000)) | |
724 | { | |
725 | /* Do something with the value */ | |
726 | printf("Page counter is: %d\n", packet.object_value.integer); | |
727 | } | |
728 | </pre> | |
729 | ||
730 | <p>The <a href="#cupsSNMPWalk"><code>cupsSNMPWalk</code></a> function allows you | |
731 | to query a whole group of OIDs, calling a function of your choice for each OID | |
732 | that is found:</p> | |
733 | ||
734 | <pre class="example"> | |
735 | #include <cups/snmp.h> | |
736 | ||
737 | void | |
738 | my_callback(<a href="#cups_snmp_t">cups_snmp_t</a> *packet, void *data) | |
739 | { | |
740 | /* Do something with the value */ | |
741 | } | |
742 | ||
743 | int printer_mib_oid[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 43, -1 }; | |
744 | http_addrlist_t *host = httpAddrGetList("myprinter", AF_UNSPEC, "161"); | |
745 | int snmp = <a href="#cupsSNMPOpen">cupsSNMPOpen</a>(host->addr.addr.sa_family); | |
746 | void *my_data; | |
747 | ||
748 | <a href="#cupsSNMPWalk">cupsSNMPWalk</a>(snmp, &(host->addr), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1, | |
749 | <a href="#cupsSNMPDefaultCommunity">cupsSNMPDefaultCommunity</a>(), printer_mib_oid, my_callback, my_data); | |
750 | </pre> | |
7a14d768 | 751 | --><h2 class="title"><a name="FUNCTIONS">Functions</a></h2> |
5a738aea MS |
752 | <h3 class="function"><span class="info"> CUPS 1.2 </span><a name="cupsBackChannelRead">cupsBackChannelRead</a></h3> |
753 | <p class="description">Read data from the backchannel.</p> | |
754 | <p class="code"> | |
755 | ssize_t cupsBackChannelRead (<br> | |
756 | char *buffer,<br> | |
757 | size_t bytes,<br> | |
758 | double timeout<br> | |
759 | );</p> | |
760 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
761 | <dl> | |
762 | <dt>buffer</dt> | |
763 | <dd class="description">Buffer to read</dd> | |
764 | <dt>bytes</dt> | |
765 | <dd class="description">Bytes to read</dd> | |
766 | <dt>timeout</dt> | |
767 | <dd class="description">Timeout in seconds</dd> | |
768 | </dl> | |
769 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
770 | <p class="description">Bytes read or -1 on error</p> | |
771 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
772 | <p class="discussion">Reads up to "bytes" bytes from the backchannel. The "timeout" | |
ef416fc2 | 773 | parameter controls how many seconds to wait for the data - use |
774 | 0.0 to return immediately if there is no data, -1.0 to wait | |
775 | for data indefinitely. | |
776 | ||
5a738aea MS |
777 | </p> |
778 | <h3 class="function"><span class="info"> CUPS 1.2 </span><a name="cupsBackChannelWrite">cupsBackChannelWrite</a></h3> | |
779 | <p class="description">Write data to the backchannel.</p> | |
780 | <p class="code"> | |
781 | ssize_t cupsBackChannelWrite (<br> | |
782 | const char *buffer,<br> | |
783 | size_t bytes,<br> | |
784 | double timeout<br> | |
785 | );</p> | |
786 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
787 | <dl> | |
788 | <dt>buffer</dt> | |
789 | <dd class="description">Buffer to write</dd> | |
790 | <dt>bytes</dt> | |
791 | <dd class="description">Bytes to write</dd> | |
792 | <dt>timeout</dt> | |
793 | <dd class="description">Timeout in seconds</dd> | |
794 | </dl> | |
795 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
796 | <p class="description">Bytes written or -1 on error</p> | |
797 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
798 | <p class="discussion">Writes "bytes" bytes to the backchannel. The "timeout" parameter | |
ef416fc2 | 799 | controls how many seconds to wait for the data to be written - use |
800 | 0.0 to return immediately if the data cannot be written, -1.0 to wait | |
801 | indefinitely. | |
802 | ||
ac884b6a MS |
803 | </p> |
804 | <h3 class="function"><a name="cupsBackendDeviceURI">cupsBackendDeviceURI</a></h3> | |
805 | <p class="description">Get the device URI for a backend.</p> | |
806 | <p class="code"> | |
807 | const char *cupsBackendDeviceURI (<br> | |
808 | char **argv<br> | |
809 | );</p> | |
810 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
811 | <dl> | |
812 | <dt>argv</dt> | |
813 | <dd class="description">Command-line arguments</dd> | |
814 | </dl> | |
815 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
816 | <p class="description">Device URI or <code>NULL</code></p> | |
817 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
818 | <p class="discussion">The "argv" argument is the argv argument passed to main(). This | |
819 | function returns the device URI passed in the DEVICE_URI environment | |
820 | variable or the device URI passed in argv[0], whichever is found | |
821 | first.</p> | |
5a738aea MS |
822 | <h3 class="function"><span class="info"> CUPS 1.3 </span><a name="cupsSideChannelDoRequest">cupsSideChannelDoRequest</a></h3> |
823 | <p class="description">Send a side-channel command to a backend and wait for a response.</p> | |
824 | <p class="code"> | |
825 | <a href="#cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a> cupsSideChannelDoRequest (<br> | |
826 | <a href="#cups_sc_command_t">cups_sc_command_t</a> command,<br> | |
827 | char *data,<br> | |
828 | int *datalen,<br> | |
829 | double timeout<br> | |
830 | );</p> | |
831 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
832 | <dl> | |
833 | <dt>command</dt> | |
834 | <dd class="description">Command to send</dd> | |
835 | <dt>data</dt> | |
836 | <dd class="description">Response data buffer pointer</dd> | |
837 | <dt>datalen</dt> | |
838 | <dd class="description">Size of data buffer on entry, number of bytes in buffer on return</dd> | |
839 | <dt>timeout</dt> | |
840 | <dd class="description">Timeout in seconds</dd> | |
841 | </dl> | |
842 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
843 | <p class="description">Status of command</p> | |
844 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
845 | <p class="discussion">This function is normally only called by filters, drivers, or port | |
f7deaa1a | 846 | monitors in order to communicate with the backend used by the current |
847 | printer. Programs must be prepared to handle timeout or "not | |
848 | implemented" status codes, which indicate that the backend or device | |
5a738aea MS |
849 | do not support the specified side-channel command.<br> |
850 | <br> | |
851 | The "datalen" parameter must be initialized to the size of the buffer | |
f7deaa1a | 852 | pointed to by the "data" parameter. cupsSideChannelDoRequest() will |
853 | update the value to contain the number of data bytes in the buffer. | |
854 | ||
5a738aea MS |
855 | </p> |
856 | <h3 class="function"><span class="info"> CUPS 1.3 </span><a name="cupsSideChannelRead">cupsSideChannelRead</a></h3> | |
857 | <p class="description">Read a side-channel message.</p> | |
858 | <p class="code"> | |
859 | int cupsSideChannelRead (<br> | |
860 | <a href="#cups_sc_command_t">cups_sc_command_t</a> *command,<br> | |
861 | <a href="#cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a> *status,<br> | |
862 | char *data,<br> | |
863 | int *datalen,<br> | |
864 | double timeout<br> | |
865 | );</p> | |
866 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
867 | <dl> | |
868 | <dt>command</dt> | |
869 | <dd class="description">Command code</dd> | |
870 | <dt>status</dt> | |
871 | <dd class="description">Status code</dd> | |
872 | <dt>data</dt> | |
873 | <dd class="description">Data buffer pointer</dd> | |
874 | <dt>datalen</dt> | |
875 | <dd class="description">Size of data buffer on entry, number of bytes in buffer on return</dd> | |
876 | <dt>timeout</dt> | |
877 | <dd class="description">Timeout in seconds</dd> | |
878 | </dl> | |
879 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
880 | <p class="description">0 on success, -1 on error</p> | |
881 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
882 | <p class="discussion">This function is normally only called by backend programs to read | |
f7deaa1a | 883 | commands from a filter, driver, or port monitor program. The |
884 | caller must be prepared to handle incomplete or invalid messages | |
5a738aea MS |
885 | and return the corresponding status codes.<br> |
886 | <br> | |
887 | The "datalen" parameter must be initialized to the size of the buffer | |
f7deaa1a | 888 | pointed to by the "data" parameter. cupsSideChannelDoRequest() will |
889 | update the value to contain the number of data bytes in the buffer. | |
890 | ||
5a738aea MS |
891 | </p> |
892 | <h3 class="function"><span class="info"> CUPS 1.3 </span><a name="cupsSideChannelWrite">cupsSideChannelWrite</a></h3> | |
893 | <p class="description">Write a side-channel message.</p> | |
894 | <p class="code"> | |
895 | int cupsSideChannelWrite (<br> | |
896 | <a href="#cups_sc_command_t">cups_sc_command_t</a> command,<br> | |
897 | <a href="#cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a> status,<br> | |
898 | const char *data,<br> | |
899 | int datalen,<br> | |
900 | double timeout<br> | |
901 | );</p> | |
902 | <h4 class="parameters">Parameters</h4> | |
903 | <dl> | |
904 | <dt>command</dt> | |
905 | <dd class="description">Command code</dd> | |
906 | <dt>status</dt> | |
907 | <dd class="description">Status code</dd> | |
908 | <dt>data</dt> | |
909 | <dd class="description">Data buffer pointer</dd> | |
910 | <dt>datalen</dt> | |
911 | <dd class="description">Number of bytes of data</dd> | |
912 | <dt>timeout</dt> | |
913 | <dd class="description">Timeout in seconds</dd> | |
914 | </dl> | |
915 | <h4 class="returnvalue">Return Value</h4> | |
916 | <p class="description">0 on success, -1 on error</p> | |
917 | <h4 class="discussion">Discussion</h4> | |
918 | <p class="discussion">This function is normally only called by backend programs to send | |
f7deaa1a | 919 | responses to a filter, driver, or port monitor program. |
920 | ||
5a738aea MS |
921 | </p> |
922 | <h2 class="title"><a name="TYPES">Data Types</a></h2> | |
923 | <h3 class="typedef"><a name="cups_backend_t">cups_backend_t</a></h3> | |
924 | <p class="description">Backend exit codes</p> | |
925 | <p class="code"> | |
926 | typedef enum <a href="#cups_backend_e">cups_backend_e</a> cups_backend_t; | |
927 | </p> | |
928 | <h3 class="typedef"><a name="cups_sc_bidi_t">cups_sc_bidi_t</a></h3> | |
929 | <p class="description">Bidirectional capabilities</p> | |
930 | <p class="code"> | |
931 | typedef enum <a href="#cups_sc_bidi_e">cups_sc_bidi_e</a> cups_sc_bidi_t; | |
932 | </p> | |
933 | <h3 class="typedef"><a name="cups_sc_command_t">cups_sc_command_t</a></h3> | |
934 | <p class="description">Request command codes</p> | |
935 | <p class="code"> | |
936 | typedef enum <a href="#cups_sc_command_e">cups_sc_command_e</a> cups_sc_command_t; | |
937 | </p> | |
938 | <h3 class="typedef"><a name="cups_sc_state_t">cups_sc_state_t</a></h3> | |
939 | <p class="description">Printer state bits</p> | |
940 | <p class="code"> | |
941 | typedef enum <a href="#cups_sc_state_e">cups_sc_state_e</a> cups_sc_state_t; | |
942 | </p> | |
943 | <h3 class="typedef"><a name="cups_sc_status_t">cups_sc_status_t</a></h3> | |
944 | <p class="description">Response status codes</p> | |
945 | <p class="code"> | |
946 | typedef enum <a href="#cups_sc_status_e">cups_sc_status_e</a> cups_sc_status_t; | |
947 | </p> | |
948 | <h2 class="title"><a name="ENUMERATIONS">Constants</a></h2> | |
949 | <h3 class="enumeration"><a name="cups_backend_e">cups_backend_e</a></h3> | |
950 | <p class="description">Backend exit codes</p> | |
951 | <h4 class="constants">Constants</h4> | |
952 | <dl> | |
953 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_AUTH_REQUIRED </dt> | |
954 | <dd class="description">Job failed, authentication required</dd> | |
955 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_CANCEL </dt> | |
956 | <dd class="description">Job failed, cancel job</dd> | |
957 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED </dt> | |
958 | <dd class="description">Job failed, use error-policy</dd> | |
959 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_HOLD </dt> | |
960 | <dd class="description">Job failed, hold job</dd> | |
961 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_OK </dt> | |
962 | <dd class="description">Job completed successfully</dd> | |
963 | <dt>CUPS_BACKEND_STOP </dt> | |
964 | <dd class="description">Job failed, stop queue</dd> | |
965 | </dl> | |
966 | <h3 class="enumeration"><a name="cups_sc_bidi_e">cups_sc_bidi_e</a></h3> | |
967 | <p class="description">Bidirectional capabilities</p> | |
968 | <h4 class="constants">Constants</h4> | |
969 | <dl> | |
970 | <dt>CUPS_SC_BIDI_NOT_SUPPORTED </dt> | |
971 | <dd class="description">Bidirectional I/O is not supported</dd> | |
972 | <dt>CUPS_SC_BIDI_SUPPORTED </dt> | |
973 | <dd class="description">Bidirectional I/O is supported</dd> | |
974 | </dl> | |
975 | <h3 class="enumeration"><a name="cups_sc_command_e">cups_sc_command_e</a></h3> | |
976 | <p class="description">Request command codes</p> | |
977 | <h4 class="constants">Constants</h4> | |
978 | <dl> | |
979 | <dt>CUPS_SC_CMD_DRAIN_OUTPUT </dt> | |
980 | <dd class="description">Drain all pending output</dd> | |
981 | <dt>CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_BIDI </dt> | |
982 | <dd class="description">Return bidirectional capabilities</dd> | |
983 | <dt>CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_ID </dt> | |
984 | <dd class="description">Return the IEEE-1284 device ID</dd> | |
985 | <dt>CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_STATE </dt> | |
986 | <dd class="description">Return the device state</dd> | |
987 | <dt>CUPS_SC_CMD_SOFT_RESET </dt> | |
988 | <dd class="description">Do a soft reset</dd> | |
989 | </dl> | |
990 | <h3 class="enumeration"><a name="cups_sc_state_e">cups_sc_state_e</a></h3> | |
991 | <p class="description">Printer state bits</p> | |
992 | <h4 class="constants">Constants</h4> | |
993 | <dl> | |
994 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_BUSY </dt> | |
995 | <dd class="description">Device is busy</dd> | |
996 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_ERROR </dt> | |
997 | <dd class="description">Other error condition</dd> | |
998 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_MARKER_EMPTY </dt> | |
999 | <dd class="description">Toner/ink out condition</dd> | |
1000 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_MARKER_LOW </dt> | |
1001 | <dd class="description">Toner/ink low condition</dd> | |
1002 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_MEDIA_EMPTY </dt> | |
1003 | <dd class="description">Paper out condition</dd> | |
1004 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_MEDIA_LOW </dt> | |
1005 | <dd class="description">Paper low condition</dd> | |
1006 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_OFFLINE </dt> | |
1007 | <dd class="description">Device is off-line</dd> | |
1008 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATE_ONLINE </dt> | |
1009 | <dd class="description">Device is on-line</dd> | |
1010 | </dl> | |
1011 | <h3 class="enumeration"><a name="cups_sc_status_e">cups_sc_status_e</a></h3> | |
1012 | <p class="description">Response status codes</p> | |
1013 | <h4 class="constants">Constants</h4> | |
1014 | <dl> | |
1015 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_BAD_MESSAGE </dt> | |
1016 | <dd class="description">The command/response message was invalid</dd> | |
1017 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_IO_ERROR </dt> | |
1018 | <dd class="description">An I/O error occurred</dd> | |
1019 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_NONE </dt> | |
1020 | <dd class="description">No status</dd> | |
1021 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED </dt> | |
1022 | <dd class="description">Command not implemented</dd> | |
1023 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_NO_RESPONSE </dt> | |
1024 | <dd class="description">The device did not respond</dd> | |
1025 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_OK </dt> | |
1026 | <dd class="description">Operation succeeded</dd> | |
1027 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_TIMEOUT </dt> | |
1028 | <dd class="description">The backend did not respond</dd> | |
1029 | <dt>CUPS_SC_STATUS_TOO_BIG </dt> | |
1030 | <dd class="description">Response too big</dd> | |
1031 | </dl> | |
1032 | </div> | |
ef416fc2 | 1033 | </body> |
1034 | </html> |