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1 | .. |
2 | Copyright 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 | This is part of the GCC manual. | |
4 | For copying conditions, see the copyright.rst file. | |
5 | ||
6 | .. _functions: | |
7 | ||
8 | Function, Variable, and Macro Listing. | |
9 | -------------------------------------- | |
10 | ||
11 | .. Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before | |
12 | each entry tell you which file and where in that file). DO NOT EDIT! | |
13 | Edit the *.c files, configure with -enable-maintainer-mode, | |
14 | run 'make stamp-functions' and gather-docs will build a new copy. | |
15 | alloca.c:26 | |
16 | ||
17 | .. function:: void* alloca (size_t size) | |
18 | ||
19 | This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed | |
20 | after the procedure exits. The ``libiberty`` implementation does not free | |
21 | the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent | |
22 | calls to this function. Memory is allocated using ``xmalloc`` under | |
23 | normal circumstances. | |
24 | ||
25 | The header file :samp:`alloca-conf.h` can be used in conjunction with the | |
26 | GNU Autoconf test ``AC_FUNC_ALLOCA`` to test for and properly make | |
27 | available this function. The ``AC_FUNC_ALLOCA`` test requires that | |
28 | client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf | |
29 | manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including | |
30 | the possibility of a GCC built-in function. | |
31 | ||
32 | .. asprintf.c:32 | |
33 | ||
34 | .. function:: int asprintf (char **resptr, const char *format, ...) | |
35 | ||
36 | Like ``sprintf``, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you | |
37 | pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size of | |
38 | the buffer needed, allocate memory with ``malloc``, and store a | |
39 | pointer to the allocated memory in ``*resptr``. The value | |
40 | returned is the same as ``sprintf`` would return. If memory could | |
41 | not be allocated, minus one is returned and ``NULL`` is stored in | |
42 | ``*resptr``. | |
43 | ||
44 | .. atexit.c:6 | |
45 | ||
46 | .. function:: int atexit (void (*f)()) | |
47 | ||
48 | Causes function :samp:`{f}` to be called at exit. Returns 0. | |
49 | ||
50 | .. basename.c:6 | |
51 | ||
52 | .. function:: char* basename (const char *name) | |
53 | ||
54 | Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname :samp:`{name}`. | |
55 | Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator. | |
56 | ||
57 | .. bcmp.c:6 | |
58 | ||
59 | .. function:: int bcmp (char *x, char *y, int count) | |
60 | ||
61 | Compares the first :samp:`{count}` bytes of two areas of memory. Returns | |
62 | zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise. Returns zero if | |
63 | :samp:`{count}` is zero. A nonzero result only indicates a difference, | |
64 | it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive | |
65 | result mean :samp:`{x}` sorts before :samp:`{y}`). | |
66 | ||
67 | .. bcopy.c:3 | |
68 | ||
69 | .. function:: void bcopy (char *in, char *out, int length) | |
70 | ||
71 | Copies :samp:`{length}` bytes from memory region :samp:`{in}` to region | |
72 | :samp:`{out}`. The use of ``bcopy`` is deprecated in new programs. | |
73 | ||
74 | .. bsearch.c:33 | |
75 | ||
76 | .. function:: void* bsearch (const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)) | |
77 | ||
78 | Performs a search over an array of :samp:`{nmemb}` elements pointed to by | |
79 | :samp:`{base}` for a member that matches the object pointed to by :samp:`{key}`. | |
80 | The size of each member is specified by :samp:`{size}`. The array contents | |
81 | should be sorted in ascending order according to the :samp:`{compar}` | |
82 | comparison function. This routine should take two arguments pointing to | |
83 | the :samp:`{key}` and to an array member, in that order, and should return an | |
84 | integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the :samp:`{key}` object | |
85 | is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member. | |
86 | ||
87 | .. bsearch_r.c:33 | |
88 | ||
89 | .. function:: void* bsearch_r (const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) | |
90 | ||
91 | Performs a search over an array of :samp:`{nmemb}` elements pointed to by | |
92 | :samp:`{base}` for a member that matches the object pointed to by :samp:`{key}`. | |
93 | The size of each member is specified by :samp:`{size}`. The array contents | |
94 | should be sorted in ascending order according to the :samp:`{compar}` | |
95 | comparison function. This routine should take three arguments: the first | |
96 | two point to the :samp:`{key}` and to an array member, and the last is passed | |
97 | down unchanged from ``bsearch_r`` 's last argument. It should return an | |
98 | integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the :samp:`{key}` object | |
99 | is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member. | |
100 | ||
101 | .. argv.c:138 | |
102 | ||
103 | .. function:: char** buildargv (char *sp) | |
104 | ||
105 | Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields | |
106 | separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single | |
107 | or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of | |
108 | pointers to copies of the string for each field. The input string | |
109 | remains unchanged. The last element of the vector is followed by a | |
110 | ``NULL`` element. | |
111 | ||
112 | All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string | |
113 | is obtained from ``xmalloc``. All of the memory can be returned to the | |
114 | system with the single function call ``freeargv``, which takes the | |
115 | returned result of ``buildargv``, as it's argument. | |
116 | ||
117 | Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns | |
118 | ``NULL`` if :samp:`{sp}` is ``NULL`` or if there is insufficient | |
119 | memory to complete building the argument vector. | |
120 | ||
121 | If the input is a null string (as opposed to a ``NULL`` pointer), | |
122 | then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null | |
123 | string. | |
124 | ||
125 | .. bzero.c:6 | |
126 | ||
127 | .. function:: void bzero (char *mem, int count) | |
128 | ||
129 | Zeros :samp:`{count}` bytes starting at :samp:`{mem}`. Use of this function | |
130 | is deprecated in favor of ``memset``. | |
131 | ||
132 | .. calloc.c:6 | |
133 | ||
134 | .. function:: void* calloc (size_t nelem, size_t elsize) | |
135 | ||
136 | Uses ``malloc`` to allocate storage for :samp:`{nelem}` objects of | |
137 | :samp:`{elsize}` bytes each, then zeros the memory. | |
138 | ||
139 | .. filename_cmp.c:201 | |
140 | ||
141 | .. function:: int canonical_filename_eq (const char *a, const char *b) | |
142 | ||
143 | Return non-zero if file names :samp:`{a}` and :samp:`{b}` are equivalent. | |
144 | This function compares the canonical versions of the filenames as returned by | |
145 | ``lrealpath()``, so that so that different file names pointing to the same | |
146 | underlying file are treated as being identical. | |
147 | ||
148 | .. choose-temp.c:45 | |
149 | ||
150 | .. function:: char* choose_temp_base (void) | |
151 | ||
152 | Return a prefix for temporary file names or ``NULL`` if unable to | |
153 | find one. The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the | |
154 | program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (``mktemp`` | |
155 | fails). The buffer for the result is obtained with ``xmalloc``. | |
156 | ||
157 | This function is provided for backwards compatibility only. Its use is | |
158 | not recommended. | |
159 | ||
160 | .. make-temp-file.c:95 | |
161 | ||
162 | .. function:: const char* choose_tmpdir () | |
163 | ||
164 | Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary | |
165 | files in. | |
166 | ||
167 | .. clock.c:27 | |
168 | ||
169 | .. function:: long clock (void) | |
170 | ||
171 | Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a | |
172 | ``clock_t`` ; divide this number by :samp:`CLOCKS_PER_SEC` to get the | |
173 | number of seconds used. | |
174 | ||
175 | .. concat.c:24 | |
176 | ||
177 | .. function:: char* concat (const char *s1, const char *s2, ..., NULL) | |
178 | ||
179 | Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly | |
180 | ``xmalloc`` ed memory. The argument list is terminated by the first | |
181 | ``NULL`` pointer encountered. Pointers to empty strings are ignored. | |
182 | ||
183 | .. argv.c:495 | |
184 | ||
185 | .. function:: int countargv (char * const *argv) | |
186 | ||
187 | Return the number of elements in :samp:`{argv}`. | |
188 | Returns zero if :samp:`{argv}` is NULL. | |
189 | ||
190 | .. crc32.c:140 | |
191 | ||
192 | .. function:: unsigned int crc32 (const unsigned char *buf, int len, unsigned int init) | |
193 | ||
194 | Compute the 32-bit CRC of :samp:`{buf}` which has length :samp:`{len}`. The | |
195 | starting value is :samp:`{init}` ; this may be used to compute the CRC of | |
196 | data split across multiple buffers by passing the return value of each | |
197 | call as the :samp:`{init}` parameter of the next. | |
198 | ||
199 | This is used by the :command:`gdb` remote protocol for the :samp:`qCRC` | |
200 | command. In order to get the same results as gdb for a block of data, | |
201 | you must pass the first CRC parameter as ``0xffffffff``. | |
202 | ||
203 | This CRC can be specified as: | |
204 | ||
205 | Width : 32 | |
206 | Poly : 0x04c11db7 | |
207 | Init : parameter, typically 0xffffffff | |
208 | RefIn : false | |
209 | RefOut : false | |
210 | XorOut : 0 | |
211 | ||
212 | This differs from the "standard" CRC-32 algorithm in that the values | |
213 | are not reflected, and there is no final XOR value. These differences | |
214 | make it easy to compose the values of multiple blocks. | |
215 | ||
216 | .. argv.c:59 | |
217 | ||
218 | .. function:: char** dupargv (char * const *vector) | |
219 | ||
220 | Duplicate an argument vector. Simply scans through :samp:`{vector}`, | |
221 | duplicating each argument until the terminating ``NULL`` is found. | |
222 | Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns | |
223 | ``NULL`` if there is insufficient memory to complete building the | |
224 | argument vector. | |
225 | ||
226 | .. strerror.c:572 | |
227 | ||
228 | .. function:: int errno_max (void) | |
229 | ||
230 | Returns the maximum ``errno`` value for which a corresponding | |
231 | symbolic name or message is available. Note that in the case where we | |
232 | use the ``sys_errlist`` supplied by the system, it is possible for | |
233 | there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In | |
234 | fact, the manual page for ``perror(3C)`` explicitly warns that one | |
235 | should check the size of the table (``sys_nerr``) before indexing | |
236 | it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are | |
237 | added to the table. Thus ``sys_nerr`` might be smaller than value | |
238 | implied by the largest ``errno`` value defined in ``<errno.h>``. | |
239 | ||
240 | We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful | |
241 | symbolic name or message. | |
242 | ||
243 | .. argv.c:352 | |
244 | ||
245 | .. function:: void expandargv (int *argcp, char ***argvp) | |
246 | ||
247 | The :samp:`{argcp}` and ``argvp`` arguments are pointers to the usual | |
248 | ``argc`` and ``argv`` arguments to ``main``. This function | |
249 | looks for arguments that begin with the character :samp:`@`. Any such | |
250 | arguments are interpreted as 'response files'. The contents of the | |
251 | response file are interpreted as additional command line options. In | |
252 | particular, the file is separated into whitespace-separated strings; | |
253 | each such string is taken as a command-line option. The new options | |
254 | are inserted in place of the option naming the response file, and | |
255 | ``*argcp`` and ``*argvp`` will be updated. If the value of | |
256 | ``*argvp`` is modified by this function, then the new value has | |
257 | been dynamically allocated and can be deallocated by the caller with | |
258 | ``freeargv``. However, most callers will simply call | |
259 | ``expandargv`` near the beginning of ``main`` and allow the | |
260 | operating system to free the memory when the program exits. | |
261 | ||
262 | .. fdmatch.c:23 | |
263 | ||
264 | .. function:: int fdmatch (int fd1, int fd2) | |
265 | ||
266 | Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file. | |
267 | This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for | |
268 | an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond | |
269 | to that fd. This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open | |
270 | file (``stdout`` for example) or from the SVR4 :samp:`/proc` calls | |
271 | that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces. All we | |
272 | have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors | |
273 | for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers | |
274 | and inode numbers. | |
275 | ||
276 | .. fopen_unlocked.c:49 | |
277 | ||
278 | .. function:: FILE * fdopen_unlocked (int fildes, const char * mode) | |
279 | ||
280 | Opens and returns a ``FILE`` pointer via ``fdopen``. If the | |
281 | operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid | |
282 | any multi-threaded locking. Otherwise return the ``FILE`` pointer | |
283 | unchanged. | |
284 | ||
285 | .. ffs.c:3 | |
286 | ||
287 | .. function:: int ffs (int valu) | |
288 | ||
289 | Find the first (least significant) bit set in :samp:`{valu}`. Bits are | |
290 | numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the | |
291 | value 1). If :samp:`{valu}` is zero, zero is returned. | |
292 | ||
293 | .. filename_cmp.c:37 | |
294 | ||
295 | .. function:: int filename_cmp (const char *s1, const char *s2) | |
296 | ||
297 | Return zero if the two file names :samp:`{s1}` and :samp:`{s2}` are equivalent. | |
298 | If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what ``strcmp`` | |
299 | would return. In other words, it returns a negative value if :samp:`{s1}` | |
300 | is less than :samp:`{s2}`, or a positive value if :samp:`{s2}` is greater than | |
301 | :samp:`{s2}`. | |
302 | ||
303 | This function does not normalize file names. As a result, this function | |
304 | will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in | |
305 | the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file. | |
306 | However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward | |
307 | and backward slashes are equal. | |
308 | ||
309 | .. filename_cmp.c:183 | |
310 | ||
311 | .. function:: int filename_eq (const void *s1, const void *s2) | |
312 | ||
313 | Return non-zero if file names :samp:`{s1}` and :samp:`{s2}` are equivalent. | |
314 | This function is for use with hashtab.c hash tables. | |
315 | ||
316 | .. filename_cmp.c:152 | |
317 | ||
318 | .. function:: hashval_t filename_hash (const void *s) | |
319 | ||
320 | Return the hash value for file name :samp:`{s}` that will be compared | |
321 | using filename_cmp. | |
322 | This function is for use with hashtab.c hash tables. | |
323 | ||
324 | .. filename_cmp.c:94 | |
325 | ||
326 | .. function:: int filename_ncmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) | |
327 | ||
328 | Return zero if the two file names :samp:`{s1}` and :samp:`{s2}` are equivalent | |
329 | in range :samp:`{n}`. | |
330 | If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what ``strncmp`` | |
331 | would return. In other words, it returns a negative value if :samp:`{s1}` | |
332 | is less than :samp:`{s2}`, or a positive value if :samp:`{s2}` is greater than | |
333 | :samp:`{s2}`. | |
334 | ||
335 | This function does not normalize file names. As a result, this function | |
336 | will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in | |
337 | the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file. | |
338 | However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward | |
339 | and backward slashes are equal. | |
340 | ||
341 | .. fnmatch.txh:1 | |
342 | ||
343 | .. function:: int fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags) | |
344 | ||
345 | Matches :samp:`{string}` against :samp:`{pattern}`, returning zero if it | |
346 | matches, ``FNM_NOMATCH`` if not. :samp:`{pattern}` may contain the | |
347 | wildcards ``?`` to match any one character, ``*`` to match any | |
348 | zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square | |
349 | brackets, like :samp:`[a-gt8]`, which match one character (``a`` | |
350 | through ``g``, or ``t``, or ``8``, in this example) if that one | |
351 | character is in the set. A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything | |
352 | except what's in the set) by giving ``^`` or ``!`` as the first | |
353 | character in the set. To include those characters in the set, list them | |
354 | as anything other than the first character of the set. To include a | |
355 | dash in the set, list it last in the set. A backslash character makes | |
356 | the following character not special, so for example you could match | |
357 | against a literal asterisk with :samp:`\\*`. To match a literal | |
358 | backslash, use :samp:`\\\\`. | |
359 | ||
360 | ``flags`` controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a | |
361 | boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in | |
362 | ``<fnmatch.h>``): | |
363 | ||
364 | .. envvar:: FNM_PATHNAME | |
365 | ||
366 | :samp:`{string}` is assumed to be a path name. No wildcard will ever match | |
367 | ``/``. | |
368 | ||
369 | .. envvar:: FNM_NOESCAPE | |
370 | ||
371 | Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character. | |
372 | ||
373 | .. envvar:: FNM_PERIOD | |
374 | ||
375 | A leading period (at the beginning of :samp:`{string}`, or if | |
376 | ``FNM_PATHNAME`` after a slash) is not matched by ``*`` or | |
377 | ``?`` but must be matched explicitly. | |
378 | ||
379 | .. envvar:: FNM_LEADING_DIR | |
380 | ||
381 | Means that :samp:`{string}` also matches :samp:`{pattern}` if some initial part | |
382 | of :samp:`{string}` matches, and is followed by ``/`` and zero or more | |
383 | characters. For example, :samp:`foo*` would match either :samp:`foobar` | |
384 | or :samp:`foobar/grill`. | |
385 | ||
386 | .. envvar:: FNM_CASEFOLD | |
387 | ||
388 | Ignores case when performing the comparison. | |
389 | ||
390 | .. fopen_unlocked.c:39 | |
391 | ||
392 | .. function:: FILE * fopen_unlocked (const char *path, const char * mode) | |
393 | ||
394 | Opens and returns a ``FILE`` pointer via ``fopen``. If the | |
395 | operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid | |
396 | any multi-threaded locking. Otherwise return the ``FILE`` pointer | |
397 | unchanged. | |
398 | ||
399 | .. argv.c:93 | |
400 | ||
401 | .. function:: void freeargv (char **vector) | |
402 | ||
403 | Free an argument vector that was built using ``buildargv``. Simply | |
404 | scans through :samp:`{vector}`, freeing the memory for each argument until | |
405 | the terminating ``NULL`` is found, and then frees :samp:`{vector}` | |
406 | itself. | |
407 | ||
408 | .. fopen_unlocked.c:59 | |
409 | ||
410 | .. function:: FILE * freopen_unlocked (const char * path, const char * mode, FILE * stream) | |
411 | ||
412 | Opens and returns a ``FILE`` pointer via ``freopen``. If the | |
413 | operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid | |
414 | any multi-threaded locking. Otherwise return the ``FILE`` pointer | |
415 | unchanged. | |
416 | ||
417 | .. getruntime.c:86 | |
418 | ||
419 | .. function:: long get_run_time (void) | |
420 | ||
421 | Returns the time used so far, in microseconds. If possible, this is | |
422 | the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the | |
423 | process started. | |
424 | ||
425 | .. getcwd.c:6 | |
426 | ||
427 | .. function:: char* getcwd (char *pathname, int len) | |
428 | ||
429 | Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into | |
430 | :samp:`{pathname}`, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least | |
431 | :samp:`{len}` bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer. If the current | |
432 | directory's path doesn't fit in :samp:`{len}` characters, the result is | |
433 | ``NULL`` and ``errno`` is set. If :samp:`{pathname}` is a null pointer, | |
434 | ``getcwd`` will obtain :samp:`{len}` bytes of space using | |
435 | ``malloc``. | |
436 | ||
437 | .. getpagesize.c:5 | |
438 | ||
439 | .. function:: int getpagesize (void) | |
440 | ||
441 | Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory. This is the | |
442 | granularity of many of the system memory management routines. No | |
443 | guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic | |
444 | memory management hardware page size. | |
445 | ||
446 | .. getpwd.c:5 | |
447 | ||
448 | .. function:: char* getpwd (void) | |
449 | ||
450 | Returns the current working directory. This implementation caches the | |
451 | result on the assumption that the process will not call ``chdir`` | |
452 | between calls to ``getpwd``. | |
453 | ||
454 | .. gettimeofday.c:12 | |
455 | ||
456 | .. function:: int gettimeofday (struct timeval *tp, void *tz) | |
457 | ||
458 | Writes the current time to :samp:`{tp}`. This implementation requires | |
459 | that :samp:`{tz}` be NULL. Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. | |
460 | ||
461 | .. hex.c:33 | |
462 | ||
463 | .. function:: void hex_init (void) | |
464 | ||
465 | Initializes the array mapping the current character set to | |
466 | corresponding hex values. This function must be called before any | |
467 | call to ``hex_p`` or ``hex_value``. If you fail to call it, a | |
468 | default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems. | |
469 | ||
470 | .. hex.c:42 | |
471 | ||
472 | .. function:: int hex_p (int c) | |
473 | ||
474 | Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character, | |
475 | or zero if it is not. Note that the value you pass will be cast to | |
476 | ``unsigned char`` within the macro. | |
477 | ||
478 | .. hex.c:50 | |
479 | ||
480 | .. function:: unsigned int hex_value (int c) | |
481 | ||
482 | Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted | |
483 | as a hexadecimal digit. The result is undefined if you pass an | |
484 | invalid hex digit. Note that the value you pass will be cast to | |
485 | ``unsigned char`` within the macro. | |
486 | ||
487 | The ``hex_value`` macro returns ``unsigned int``, rather than | |
488 | signed ``int``, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from | |
489 | hex dump files: a signed ``int`` would be sign-extended when | |
490 | converted to a wider unsigned type --- like ``bfd_vma``, on some | |
491 | systems. | |
492 | ||
493 | .. safe-ctype.c:24 | |
494 | ||
495 | .. index:: HOST_CHARSET | |
496 | ||
497 | .. c:macro:: HOST_CHARSET | |
498 | ||
499 | This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the | |
500 | host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in | |
501 | preprocessor :samp:`#if` statements (the C "execution character set"). | |
502 | It is defined by :samp:`safe-ctype.h`, and will be an integer constant | |
503 | with one of the following values: | |
504 | ||
505 | .. envvar:: HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN | |
506 | ||
507 | The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two | |
508 | possibilities. | |
509 | ||
510 | .. envvar:: HOST_CHARSET_ASCII | |
511 | ||
512 | The host character set is ASCII. | |
513 | ||
514 | .. envvar:: HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC | |
515 | ||
516 | The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC. (Only one of the | |
517 | nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.) | |
518 | ||
519 | .. hashtab.c:327 | |
520 | ||
521 | .. function:: htab_t htab_create_typed_alloc (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f, htab_del del_f, htab_alloc alloc_tab_f, htab_alloc alloc_f, htab_free free_f) | |
522 | ||
523 | This function creates a hash table that uses two different allocators | |
524 | :samp:`{alloc_tab_f}` and :samp:`{alloc_f}` to use for allocating the table itself | |
525 | and its entries respectively. This is useful when variables of different | |
526 | types need to be allocated with different allocators. | |
527 | ||
528 | The created hash table is slightly larger than :samp:`{size}` and it is | |
529 | initially empty (all the hash table entries are ``HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY``). | |
530 | The function returns the created hash table, or ``NULL`` if memory | |
531 | allocation fails. | |
532 | ||
533 | .. index.c:5 | |
534 | ||
535 | .. function:: char* index (char *s, int c) | |
536 | ||
537 | Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character :samp:`{c}` in | |
538 | the string :samp:`{s}`, or ``NULL`` if not found. The use of ``index`` is | |
539 | deprecated in new programs in favor of ``strchr``. | |
540 | ||
541 | .. insque.c:6 | |
542 | ||
543 | .. function:: void insque (struct qelem *elem, struct qelem *pred) | |
544 | void remque (struct qelem *elem) | |
545 | ||
546 | Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists. The | |
547 | ``insque`` routine inserts :samp:`{elem}` in the queue immediately | |
548 | after :samp:`{pred}`. The ``remque`` routine removes :samp:`{elem}` from | |
549 | its containing queue. These routines expect to be passed pointers to | |
550 | structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a | |
551 | back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided): | |
552 | ||
553 | .. code-block:: c++ | |
554 | ||
555 | struct qelem { | |
556 | struct qelem *q_forw; | |
557 | struct qelem *q_back; | |
558 | char q_data[]; | |
559 | }; | |
560 | ||
561 | .. safe-ctype.c:45 | |
562 | ||
563 | .. c:macro:: ISALPHA (c) | |
564 | ISALNUM (c) | |
565 | ISBLANK (c) | |
566 | ISCNTRL (c) | |
567 | ISDIGIT (c) | |
568 | ISGRAPH (c) | |
569 | ISLOWER (c) | |
570 | ISPRINT (c) | |
571 | ISPUNCT (c) | |
572 | ISSPACE (c) | |
573 | ISUPPER (c) | |
574 | ISXDIGIT (c) | |
575 | ||
576 | These twelve macros are defined by :samp:`safe-ctype.h`. Each has the | |
577 | same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase) | |
578 | defined by the standard header :samp:`ctype.h`. For example, | |
579 | ``ISALPHA`` returns true for alphabetic characters and false for | |
580 | others. However, there are two differences between these macros and | |
581 | those provided by :samp:`ctype.h`: | |
582 | ||
583 | * These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all | |
584 | values representable by ``signed char`` and ``unsigned char``, and | |
585 | for ``EOF``. | |
586 | ||
587 | * These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these | |
588 | fixed sets of characters: | |
589 | ||
590 | .. list-table:: | |
591 | ||
592 | * - ``ALPHA`` | |
593 | - A-Za-z | |
594 | * - ``ALNUM`` | |
595 | - A-Za-z0-9 | |
596 | * - ``BLANK`` | |
597 | - space tab | |
598 | * - ``CNTRL`` | |
599 | - ``!PRINT`` | |
600 | * - ``DIGIT`` | |
601 | - 0-9 | |
602 | * - ``GRAPH`` | |
603 | - ``ALNUM || PUNCT`` | |
604 | * - ``LOWER`` | |
605 | - a-z | |
606 | * - ``PRINT`` | |
607 | - ``GRAPH ||`` space | |
608 | * - ``PUNCT`` | |
609 | - `~!@#$%^&\*()_-=+[{]}\|;:'",<.>/? | |
610 | * - ``SPACE`` | |
611 | - space tab \n \r \f \v | |
612 | * - ``UPPER`` | |
613 | - A-Z | |
614 | * - ``XDIGIT`` | |
615 | - 0-9A-Fa-f | |
616 | ||
617 | Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof, | |
618 | all these macros will return false for all values of ``char`` outside | |
619 | the range of 7-bit ASCII. In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return | |
620 | false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255. | |
621 | ||
622 | .. safe-ctype.c:94 | |
623 | ||
624 | .. c:macro:: ISIDNUM (c) | |
625 | ISIDST (c) | |
626 | IS_VSPACE (c) | |
627 | IS_NVSPACE (c) | |
628 | IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (c) | |
629 | IS_ISOBASIC (c) | |
630 | ||
631 | These six macros are defined by safe-ctype.h and provide | |
632 | additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical | |
633 | analysis of C or similar languages. They are true for the following | |
634 | sets of characters: | |
635 | ||
636 | .. list-table:: | |
637 | ||
638 | * - ``IDNUM`` | |
639 | - A-Za-z0-9\_ | |
640 | * - ``IDST`` | |
641 | - A-Za-z\_ | |
642 | * - ``VSPACE`` | |
643 | - \r \n | |
644 | * - ``NVSPACE`` | |
645 | - space tab \f \v \0 | |
646 | * - ``SPACE_OR_NUL`` | |
647 | - ``VSPACE || NVSPACE`` | |
648 | * - ``ISOBASIC`` | |
649 | - ``VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT`` | |
650 | ||
651 | .. lbasename.c:23 | |
652 | ||
653 | .. function:: const char* lbasename (const char *name) | |
654 | ||
655 | Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname | |
656 | (:samp:`/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c` for example), returns a pointer to the | |
657 | last component of the pathname (:samp:`ls.c` in this case). The | |
658 | returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original | |
659 | string. This latter fact is not true of many vendor C | |
660 | libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed | |
661 | strings for particular input. | |
662 | ||
663 | In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string, | |
664 | and a path ending in ``/`` returns the empty string after it. | |
665 | ||
666 | .. lrealpath.c:25 | |
667 | ||
668 | .. function:: const char* lrealpath (const char *name) | |
669 | ||
670 | Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical | |
671 | version of the filename. Symlinks will be resolved, and '.' and '..' | |
672 | components will be simplified. The returned value will be allocated using | |
673 | ``malloc``, or ``NULL`` will be returned on a memory allocation error. | |
674 | ||
675 | .. make-relative-prefix.c:23 | |
676 | ||
677 | .. function:: const char* make_relative_prefix (const char *progname, const char *bin_prefix, const char *prefix) | |
678 | ||
679 | Given three paths :samp:`{progname}`, :samp:`{bin_prefix}`, :samp:`{prefix}`, | |
680 | return the path that is in the same position relative to | |
681 | :samp:`{progname}` 's directory as :samp:`{prefix}` is relative to | |
682 | :samp:`{bin_prefix}`. That is, a string starting with the directory | |
683 | portion of :samp:`{progname}`, followed by a relative pathname of the | |
684 | difference between :samp:`{bin_prefix}` and :samp:`{prefix}`. | |
685 | ||
686 | If :samp:`{progname}` does not contain any directory separators, | |
687 | ``make_relative_prefix`` will search :envvar:`PATH` to find a program | |
688 | named :samp:`{progname}`. Also, if :samp:`{progname}` is a symbolic link, | |
689 | the symbolic link will be resolved. | |
690 | ||
691 | For example, if :samp:`{bin_prefix}` is ``/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta``, | |
692 | :samp:`{prefix}` is ``/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/``, and :samp:`{progname}` is | |
693 | ``/red/green/blue/gcc``, then this function will return | |
694 | ``/red/green/blue/../../omega/``. | |
695 | ||
696 | The return value is normally allocated via ``malloc``. If no | |
697 | relative prefix can be found, return ``NULL``. | |
698 | ||
699 | .. make-temp-file.c:173 | |
700 | ||
701 | .. function:: char* make_temp_file (const char *suffix) | |
702 | ||
703 | Return a temporary file name (as a string) or ``NULL`` if unable to | |
704 | create one. :samp:`{suffix}` is a suffix to append to the file name. The | |
705 | string is ``malloc`` ed, and the temporary file has been created. | |
706 | ||
707 | .. memchr.c:3 | |
708 | ||
709 | .. function:: void* memchr (const void *s, int c, size_t n) | |
710 | ||
711 | This function searches memory starting at ``*s`` for the | |
712 | character :samp:`{c}`. The search only ends with the first occurrence of | |
713 | :samp:`{c}`, or after :samp:`{length}` characters; in particular, a null | |
714 | character does not terminate the search. If the character :samp:`{c}` is | |
715 | found within :samp:`{length}` characters of ``*s``, a pointer | |
716 | to the character is returned. If :samp:`{c}` is not found, then ``NULL`` is | |
717 | returned. | |
718 | ||
719 | .. memcmp.c:6 | |
720 | ||
721 | .. function:: int memcmp (const void *x, const void *y, size_t count) | |
722 | ||
723 | Compares the first :samp:`{count}` bytes of two areas of memory. Returns | |
724 | zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if :samp:`{x}` is | |
725 | lexically less than :samp:`{y}`, or a value greater than zero if :samp:`{x}` | |
726 | is lexically greater than :samp:`{y}`. Note that lexical order is determined | |
727 | as if comparing unsigned char arrays. | |
728 | ||
729 | .. memcpy.c:6 | |
730 | ||
731 | .. function:: void* memcpy (void *out, const void *in, size_t length) | |
732 | ||
733 | Copies :samp:`{length}` bytes from memory region :samp:`{in}` to region | |
734 | :samp:`{out}`. Returns a pointer to :samp:`{out}`. | |
735 | ||
736 | .. memmem.c:20 | |
737 | ||
738 | .. function:: void* memmem (const void *haystack,size_t haystack_len, const void *needle, size_t needle_len) | |
739 | ||
740 | Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of :samp:`{needle}` (length | |
741 | :samp:`{needle_len}`) in :samp:`{haystack}` (length :samp:`{haystack_len}`). | |
742 | Returns ``NULL`` if not found. | |
743 | ||
744 | .. memmove.c:6 | |
745 | ||
746 | .. function:: void* memmove (void *from, const void *to, size_t count) | |
747 | ||
748 | Copies :samp:`{count}` bytes from memory area :samp:`{from}` to memory area | |
749 | :samp:`{to}`, returning a pointer to :samp:`{to}`. | |
750 | ||
751 | .. mempcpy.c:23 | |
752 | ||
753 | .. function:: void* mempcpy (void *out, const void *in, size_t length) | |
754 | ||
755 | Copies :samp:`{length}` bytes from memory region :samp:`{in}` to region | |
756 | :samp:`{out}`. Returns a pointer to :samp:`{out}` + :samp:`{length}`. | |
757 | ||
758 | .. memset.c:6 | |
759 | ||
760 | .. function:: void* memset (void *s, int c, size_t count) | |
761 | ||
762 | Sets the first :samp:`{count}` bytes of :samp:`{s}` to the constant byte | |
763 | :samp:`{c}`, returning a pointer to :samp:`{s}`. | |
764 | ||
765 | .. mkstemps.c:60 | |
766 | ||
767 | .. function:: int mkstemps (char *pattern, int suffix_len) | |
768 | ||
769 | Generate a unique temporary file name from :samp:`{pattern}`. | |
770 | :samp:`{pattern}` has the form: | |
771 | ||
772 | .. code-block:: c++ | |
773 | ||
774 | path/ccXXXXXXsuffix | |
775 | ||
776 | :samp:`{suffix_len}` tells us how long :samp:`{suffix}` is (it can be zero | |
777 | length). The last six characters of :samp:`{pattern}` before :samp:`{suffix}` | |
778 | must be :samp:`XXXXXX`; they are replaced with a string that makes the | |
779 | filename unique. Returns a file descriptor open on the file for | |
780 | reading and writing. | |
781 | ||
782 | .. pexecute.txh:278 | |
783 | ||
784 | .. function:: void pex_free (struct pex_obj obj) | |
785 | ||
786 | Clean up and free all data associated with :samp:`{obj}`. If you have not | |
787 | yet called ``pex_get_times`` or ``pex_get_status``, this will | |
788 | try to kill the subprocesses. | |
789 | ||
790 | .. pexecute.txh:251 | |
791 | ||
792 | .. function:: int pex_get_status (struct pex_obj *obj, int count, int *vector) | |
793 | ||
794 | Returns the exit status of all programs run using :samp:`{obj}`. | |
795 | :samp:`{count}` is the number of results expected. The results will be | |
796 | placed into :samp:`{vector}`. The results are in the order of the calls | |
797 | to ``pex_run``. Returns 0 on error, 1 on success. | |
798 | ||
799 | .. pexecute.txh:261 | |
800 | ||
801 | .. function:: int pex_get_times (struct pex_obj *obj, int count, struct pex_time *vector) | |
802 | ||
803 | Returns the process execution times of all programs run using | |
804 | :samp:`{obj}`. :samp:`{count}` is the number of results expected. The | |
805 | results will be placed into :samp:`{vector}`. The results are in the | |
806 | order of the calls to ``pex_run``. Returns 0 on error, 1 on | |
807 | success. | |
808 | ||
809 | ``struct pex_time`` has the following fields of the type | |
810 | ``unsigned long`` : ``user_seconds``, | |
811 | ``user_microseconds``, ``system_seconds``, | |
812 | ``system_microseconds``. On systems which do not support reporting | |
813 | process times, all the fields will be set to ``0``. | |
814 | ||
815 | .. pexecute.txh:2 | |
816 | ||
817 | .. function:: struct pex_obj * pex_init (int flags, const char *pname, const char *tempbase) | |
818 | ||
819 | Prepare to execute one or more programs, with standard output of each | |
820 | program fed to standard input of the next. This is a system | |
821 | independent interface to execute a pipeline. | |
822 | ||
823 | :samp:`{flags}` is a bitwise combination of the following: | |
824 | ||
825 | .. index:: PEX_RECORD_TIMES | |
826 | ||
827 | .. envvar:: PEX_RECORD_TIMES | |
828 | ||
829 | Record subprocess times if possible. | |
830 | ||
831 | .. index:: PEX_USE_PIPES | |
832 | ||
833 | .. envvar:: PEX_USE_PIPES | |
834 | ||
835 | Use pipes for communication between processes, if possible. | |
836 | ||
837 | .. index:: PEX_SAVE_TEMPS | |
838 | ||
839 | .. envvar:: PEX_SAVE_TEMPS | |
840 | ||
841 | Don't delete temporary files used for communication between | |
842 | processes. | |
843 | ||
844 | :samp:`{pname}` is the name of program to be executed, used in error | |
845 | messages. :samp:`{tempbase}` is a base name to use for any required | |
846 | temporary files; it may be ``NULL`` to use a randomly chosen name. | |
847 | ||
848 | .. pexecute.txh:161 | |
849 | ||
850 | .. function:: FILE * pex_input_file (struct pex_obj *obj, int flags, const char *in_name) | |
851 | ||
852 | Return a stream for a temporary file to pass to the first program in | |
853 | the pipeline as input. | |
854 | ||
855 | The name of the input file is chosen according to the same rules | |
856 | ``pex_run`` uses to choose output file names, based on | |
857 | :samp:`{in_name}`, :samp:`{obj}` and the ``PEX_SUFFIX`` bit in :samp:`{flags}`. | |
858 | ||
859 | Don't call ``fclose`` on the returned stream; the first call to | |
860 | ``pex_run`` closes it automatically. | |
861 | ||
862 | If :samp:`{flags}` includes ``PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT``, open the stream in | |
863 | binary mode; otherwise, open it in the default mode. Including | |
864 | ``PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT`` in :samp:`{flags}` has no effect on Unix. | |
865 | ||
866 | .. pexecute.txh:179 | |
867 | ||
868 | .. function:: FILE * pex_input_pipe (struct pex_obj *obj, int binary) | |
869 | ||
870 | Return a stream :samp:`{fp}` for a pipe connected to the standard input of | |
871 | the first program in the pipeline; :samp:`{fp}` is opened for writing. | |
872 | You must have passed ``PEX_USE_PIPES`` to the ``pex_init`` call | |
873 | that returned :samp:`{obj}`. | |
874 | ||
875 | You must close :samp:`{fp}` using ``fclose`` yourself when you have | |
876 | finished writing data to the pipeline. | |
877 | ||
878 | The file descriptor underlying :samp:`{fp}` is marked not to be inherited | |
879 | by child processes. | |
880 | ||
881 | On systems that do not support pipes, this function returns | |
882 | ``NULL``, and sets ``errno`` to ``EINVAL``. If you would | |
883 | like to write code that is portable to all systems the ``pex`` | |
884 | functions support, consider using ``pex_input_file`` instead. | |
885 | ||
886 | There are two opportunities for deadlock using | |
887 | ``pex_input_pipe`` : | |
888 | ||
889 | * Most systems' pipes can buffer only a fixed amount of data; a process | |
890 | that writes to a full pipe blocks. Thus, if you write to :samp:`fp` | |
891 | before starting the first process, you run the risk of blocking when | |
892 | there is no child process yet to read the data and allow you to | |
893 | continue. ``pex_input_pipe`` makes no promises about the | |
894 | size of the pipe's buffer, so if you need to write any data at all | |
895 | before starting the first process in the pipeline, consider using | |
896 | ``pex_input_file`` instead. | |
897 | ||
898 | * Using ``pex_input_pipe`` and ``pex_read_output`` together | |
899 | may also cause deadlock. If the output pipe fills up, so that each | |
900 | program in the pipeline is waiting for the next to read more data, and | |
901 | you fill the input pipe by writing more data to :samp:`{fp}`, then there | |
902 | is no way to make progress: the only process that could read data from | |
903 | the output pipe is you, but you are blocked on the input pipe. | |
904 | ||
905 | .. pexecute.txh:286 | |
906 | ||
907 | .. function:: const char * pex_one (int flags, const char *executable, char * const *argv, const char *pname, const char *outname, const char *errname, int *status, int *err) | |
908 | ||
909 | An interface to permit the easy execution of a | |
910 | single program. The return value and most of the parameters are as | |
911 | for a call to ``pex_run``. :samp:`{flags}` is restricted to a | |
912 | combination of ``PEX_SEARCH``, ``PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT``, and | |
913 | ``PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT``. :samp:`{outname}` is interpreted as if | |
914 | ``PEX_LAST`` were set. On a successful return, ``*status`` will | |
915 | be set to the exit status of the program. | |
916 | ||
917 | .. pexecute.txh:237 | |
918 | ||
919 | .. function:: FILE * pex_read_err (struct pex_obj *obj, int binary) | |
920 | ||
921 | Returns a ``FILE`` pointer which may be used to read the standard | |
922 | error of the last program in the pipeline. When this is used, | |
923 | ``PEX_LAST`` should not be used in a call to ``pex_run``. After | |
924 | this is called, ``pex_run`` may no longer be called with the same | |
925 | :samp:`{obj}`. :samp:`{binary}` should be non-zero if the file should be | |
926 | opened in binary mode. Don't call ``fclose`` on the returned file; | |
927 | it will be closed by ``pex_free``. | |
928 | ||
929 | .. pexecute.txh:224 | |
930 | ||
931 | .. function:: FILE * pex_read_output (struct pex_obj *obj, int binary) | |
932 | ||
933 | Returns a ``FILE`` pointer which may be used to read the standard | |
934 | output of the last program in the pipeline. When this is used, | |
935 | ``PEX_LAST`` should not be used in a call to ``pex_run``. After | |
936 | this is called, ``pex_run`` may no longer be called with the same | |
937 | :samp:`{obj}`. :samp:`{binary}` should be non-zero if the file should be | |
938 | opened in binary mode. Don't call ``fclose`` on the returned file; | |
939 | it will be closed by ``pex_free``. | |
940 | ||
941 | .. pexecute.txh:34 | |
942 | ||
943 | .. function:: const char * pex_run (struct pex_obj *obj, int flags, const char *executable, char * const *argv, const char *outname, const char *errname, int *err) | |
944 | ||
945 | Execute one program in a pipeline. On success this returns | |
946 | ``NULL``. On failure it returns an error message, a statically | |
947 | allocated string. | |
948 | ||
949 | :samp:`{obj}` is returned by a previous call to ``pex_init``. | |
950 | ||
951 | :samp:`{flags}` is a bitwise combination of the following: | |
952 | ||
953 | .. index:: PEX_LAST | |
954 | ||
955 | .. envvar:: PEX_LAST | |
956 | ||
957 | This must be set on the last program in the pipeline. In particular, | |
958 | it should be set when executing a single program. The standard output | |
959 | of the program will be sent to :samp:`{outname}`, or, if :samp:`{outname}` is | |
960 | ``NULL``, to the standard output of the calling program. Do *not* | |
961 | set this bit if you want to call ``pex_read_output`` | |
962 | (described below). After a call to ``pex_run`` with this bit set, | |
963 | :samp:`{pex_run}` may no longer be called with the same :samp:`{obj}`. | |
964 | ||
965 | .. index:: PEX_SEARCH | |
966 | ||
967 | .. envvar:: PEX_SEARCH | |
968 | ||
969 | Search for the program using the user's executable search path. | |
970 | ||
971 | .. index:: PEX_SUFFIX | |
972 | ||
973 | .. envvar:: PEX_SUFFIX | |
974 | ||
975 | :samp:`{outname}` is a suffix. See the description of :samp:`{outname}`, | |
976 | below. | |
977 | ||
978 | .. index:: PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT | |
979 | ||
980 | .. envvar:: PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT | |
981 | ||
982 | Send the program's standard error to standard output, if possible. | |
983 | ||
984 | .. index:: PEX_BINARY_INPUT, PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT, PEX_BINARY_ERROR | |
985 | ||
986 | .. envvar:: PEX_BINARY_INPUT | |
987 | ||
988 | The standard input (output or error) of the program should be read (written) in | |
989 | binary mode rather than text mode. These flags are ignored on systems | |
990 | which do not distinguish binary mode and text mode, such as Unix. For | |
991 | proper behavior these flags should match appropriately---a call to | |
992 | ``pex_run`` using ``PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT`` should be followed by a | |
993 | call using ``PEX_BINARY_INPUT``. | |
994 | ||
995 | .. index:: PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE | |
996 | ||
997 | .. envvar:: PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE | |
998 | ||
999 | Send the program's standard error to a pipe, if possible. This flag | |
1000 | cannot be specified together with ``PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT``. This | |
1001 | flag can be specified only on the last program in pipeline. | |
1002 | ||
1003 | :samp:`{executable}` is the program to execute. :samp:`{argv}` is the set of | |
1004 | arguments to pass to the program; normally ``argv[0]`` will | |
1005 | be a copy of :samp:`{executable}`. | |
1006 | ||
1007 | :samp:`{outname}` is used to set the name of the file to use for standard | |
1008 | output. There are two cases in which no output file will be used: | |
1009 | ||
1010 | * if ``PEX_LAST`` is not set in :samp:`{flags}`, and ``PEX_USE_PIPES`` | |
1011 | was set in the call to ``pex_init``, and the system supports pipes | |
1012 | ||
1013 | * if ``PEX_LAST`` is set in :samp:`{flags}`, and :samp:`{outname}` is | |
1014 | ``NULL`` | |
1015 | ||
1016 | Otherwise the code will use a file to hold standard | |
1017 | output. If ``PEX_LAST`` is not set, this file is considered to be | |
1018 | a temporary file, and it will be removed when no longer needed, unless | |
1019 | ``PEX_SAVE_TEMPS`` was set in the call to ``pex_init``. | |
1020 | ||
1021 | There are two cases to consider when setting the name of the file to | |
1022 | hold standard output. | |
1023 | ||
1024 | * ``PEX_SUFFIX`` is set in :samp:`{flags}`. In this case | |
1025 | :samp:`{outname}` may not be ``NULL``. If the :samp:`{tempbase}` parameter | |
1026 | to ``pex_init`` was not ``NULL``, then the output file name is | |
1027 | the concatenation of :samp:`{tempbase}` and :samp:`{outname}`. If | |
1028 | :samp:`{tempbase}` was ``NULL``, then the output file name is a random | |
1029 | file name ending in :samp:`{outname}`. | |
1030 | ||
1031 | * ``PEX_SUFFIX`` was not set in :samp:`{flags}`. In this | |
1032 | case, if :samp:`{outname}` is not ``NULL``, it is used as the output | |
1033 | file name. If :samp:`{outname}` is ``NULL``, and :samp:`{tempbase}` was | |
1034 | not NULL, the output file name is randomly chosen using | |
1035 | :samp:`{tempbase}`. Otherwise the output file name is chosen completely | |
1036 | at random. | |
1037 | ||
1038 | :samp:`{errname}` is the file name to use for standard error output. If | |
1039 | it is ``NULL``, standard error is the same as the caller's. | |
1040 | Otherwise, standard error is written to the named file. | |
1041 | ||
1042 | On an error return, the code sets ``*err`` to an ``errno`` | |
1043 | value, or to 0 if there is no relevant ``errno``. | |
1044 | ||
1045 | .. pexecute.txh:145 | |
1046 | ||
1047 | .. function:: const char * pex_run_in_environment (struct pex_obj *obj, int flags, const char *executable, char * const *argv, char * const *env, int env_size, const char *outname, const char *errname, int *err) | |
1048 | ||
1049 | Execute one program in a pipeline, permitting the environment for the | |
1050 | program to be specified. Behaviour and parameters not listed below are | |
1051 | as for ``pex_run``. | |
1052 | ||
1053 | :samp:`{env}` is the environment for the child process, specified as an array of | |
1054 | character pointers. Each element of the array should point to a string of the | |
1055 | form ``VAR=VALUE``, with the exception of the last element that must be | |
1056 | ``NULL``. | |
1057 | ||
1058 | .. pexecute.txh:301 | |
1059 | ||
1060 | .. function:: int pexecute (const char *program, char * const *argv, const char *this_pname, const char *temp_base, char **errmsg_fmt, char **errmsg_arg, int flags) | |
1061 | ||
1062 | This is the old interface to execute one or more programs. It is | |
1063 | still supported for compatibility purposes, but is no longer | |
1064 | documented. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | .. strsignal.c:541 | |
1067 | ||
1068 | .. function:: void psignal (int signo, char *message) | |
1069 | ||
1070 | Print :samp:`{message}` to the standard error, followed by a colon, | |
1071 | followed by the description of the signal specified by :samp:`{signo}`, | |
1072 | followed by a newline. | |
1073 | ||
1074 | .. putenv.c:21 | |
1075 | ||
1076 | .. function:: int putenv (const char *string) | |
1077 | ||
1078 | Uses ``setenv`` or ``unsetenv`` to put :samp:`{string}` into | |
1079 | the environment or remove it. If :samp:`{string}` is of the form | |
1080 | :samp:`name=value` the string is added; if no :samp:`=` is present the | |
1081 | name is unset/removed. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | .. pexecute.txh:312 | |
1084 | ||
1085 | .. function:: int pwait (int pid, int *status, int flags) | |
1086 | ||
1087 | Another part of the old execution interface. | |
1088 | ||
1089 | .. random.c:39 | |
1090 | ||
1091 | .. function:: long int random (void) | |
1092 | void srandom (unsigned int seed) | |
1093 | void* initstate (unsigned int seed, void *arg_state, unsigned long n) | |
1094 | void* setstate (void *arg_state) | |
1095 | ||
1096 | Random number functions. ``random`` returns a random number in the | |
1097 | range 0 to ``LONG_MAX``. ``srandom`` initializes the random | |
1098 | number generator to some starting point determined by :samp:`{seed}` | |
1099 | (else, the values returned by ``random`` are always the same for each | |
1100 | run of the program). ``initstate`` and ``setstate`` allow fine-grained | |
1101 | control over the state of the random number generator. | |
1102 | ||
1103 | .. concat.c:160 | |
1104 | ||
1105 | .. function:: char* reconcat (char *optr, const char *s1, ..., NULL) | |
1106 | ||
1107 | Same as ``concat``, except that if :samp:`{optr}` is not ``NULL`` it | |
1108 | is freed after the string is created. This is intended to be useful | |
1109 | when you're extending an existing string or building up a string in a | |
1110 | loop: | |
1111 | ||
1112 | .. code-block:: c++ | |
1113 | ||
1114 | str = reconcat (str, "pre-", str, NULL); | |
1115 | ||
1116 | .. rename.c:6 | |
1117 | ||
1118 | .. function:: int rename (const char *old, const char *new) | |
1119 | ||
1120 | Renames a file from :samp:`{old}` to :samp:`{new}`. If :samp:`{new}` already | |
1121 | exists, it is removed. | |
1122 | ||
1123 | .. rindex.c:5 | |
1124 | ||
1125 | .. function:: char* rindex (const char *s, int c) | |
1126 | ||
1127 | Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character :samp:`{c}` in | |
1128 | the string :samp:`{s}`, or ``NULL`` if not found. The use of ``rindex`` is | |
1129 | deprecated in new programs in favor of ``strrchr``. | |
1130 | ||
1131 | .. setenv.c:22 | |
1132 | ||
1133 | .. function:: int setenv (const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite) | |
1134 | void unsetenv (const char *name) | |
1135 | ||
1136 | ``setenv`` adds :samp:`{name}` to the environment with value | |
1137 | :samp:`{value}`. If the name was already present in the environment, | |
1138 | the new value will be stored only if :samp:`{overwrite}` is nonzero. | |
1139 | The companion ``unsetenv`` function removes :samp:`{name}` from the | |
1140 | environment. This implementation is not safe for multithreaded code. | |
1141 | ||
1142 | .. setproctitle.c:31 | |
1143 | ||
1144 | .. function:: void setproctitle (const char *fmt, ...) | |
1145 | ||
1146 | Set the title of a process to :samp:`{fmt}`. va args not supported for now, | |
1147 | but defined for compatibility with BSD. | |
1148 | ||
1149 | .. strsignal.c:348 | |
1150 | ||
1151 | .. function:: int signo_max (void) | |
1152 | ||
1153 | Returns the maximum signal value for which a corresponding symbolic | |
1154 | name or message is available. Note that in the case where we use the | |
1155 | ``sys_siglist`` supplied by the system, it is possible for there to | |
1156 | be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In fact, the | |
1157 | manual page for ``psignal(3b)`` explicitly warns that one should | |
1158 | check the size of the table (``NSIG``) before indexing it, since | |
1159 | new signal codes may be added to the system before they are added to | |
1160 | the table. Thus ``NSIG`` might be smaller than value implied by | |
1161 | the largest signo value defined in ``<signal.h>``. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful | |
1164 | symbolic name or message. | |
1165 | ||
1166 | .. sigsetmask.c:8 | |
1167 | ||
1168 | .. function:: int sigsetmask (int set) | |
1169 | ||
1170 | Sets the signal mask to the one provided in :samp:`{set}` and returns | |
1171 | the old mask (which, for libiberty's implementation, will always | |
1172 | be the value ``1``). | |
1173 | ||
1174 | .. simple-object.txh:96 | |
1175 | ||
1176 | .. function:: const char * simple_object_attributes_compare (simple_object_attributes *attrs1, simple_object_attributes *attrs2, int *err) | |
1177 | ||
1178 | Compare :samp:`{attrs1}` and :samp:`{attrs2}`. If they could be linked | |
1179 | together without error, return ``NULL``. Otherwise, return an | |
1180 | error message and set ``*err`` to an errno value or ``0`` | |
1181 | if there is no relevant errno. | |
1182 | ||
1183 | .. simple-object.txh:81 | |
1184 | ||
1185 | .. function:: simple_object_attributes * simple_object_fetch_attributes (simple_object_read *simple_object, const char **errmsg, int *err) | |
1186 | ||
1187 | Fetch the attributes of :samp:`{simple_object}`. The attributes are | |
1188 | internal information such as the format of the object file, or the | |
1189 | architecture it was compiled for. This information will persist until | |
1190 | ``simple_object_attributes_release`` is called, even if | |
1191 | :samp:`{simple_object}` itself is released. | |
1192 | ||
1193 | On error this returns ``NULL``, sets ``*errmsg`` to an | |
1194 | error message, and sets ``*err`` to an errno value or | |
1195 | ``0`` if there is no relevant errno. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | .. simple-object.txh:49 | |
1198 | ||
1199 | .. function:: int simple_object_find_section (simple_object_read *simple_object, off_t *offset, off_t *length, const char **errmsg, int *err) | |
1200 | ||
1201 | Look for the section :samp:`{name}` in :samp:`{simple_object}`. This returns | |
1202 | information for the first section with that name. | |
1203 | ||
1204 | If found, return 1 and set ``*offset`` to the offset in the | |
1205 | file of the section contents and set ``*length`` to the | |
1206 | length of the section contents. The value in ``*offset`` | |
1207 | will be relative to the offset passed to | |
1208 | ``simple_object_open_read``. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | If the section is not found, and no error occurs, | |
1211 | ``simple_object_find_section`` returns ``0`` and set | |
1212 | ``*errmsg`` to ``NULL``. | |
1213 | ||
1214 | If an error occurs, ``simple_object_find_section`` returns | |
1215 | ``0``, sets ``*errmsg`` to an error message, and sets | |
1216 | ``*err`` to an errno value or ``0`` if there is no | |
1217 | relevant errno. | |
1218 | ||
1219 | .. simple-object.txh:27 | |
1220 | ||
1221 | .. function:: const char * simple_object_find_sections (simple_object_read *simple_object, int (*pfn) (void *data, const char *name, off_t offset, off_t length), void *data, int *err) | |
1222 | ||
1223 | This function calls :samp:`{pfn}` for each section in :samp:`{simple_object}`. | |
1224 | It calls :samp:`{pfn}` with the section name, the offset within the file | |
1225 | of the section contents, and the length of the section contents. The | |
1226 | offset within the file is relative to the offset passed to | |
1227 | ``simple_object_open_read``. The :samp:`{data}` argument to this | |
1228 | function is passed along to :samp:`{pfn}`. | |
1229 | ||
1230 | If :samp:`{pfn}` returns ``0``, the loop over the sections stops and | |
1231 | ``simple_object_find_sections`` returns. If :samp:`{pfn}` returns some | |
1232 | other value, the loop continues. | |
1233 | ||
1234 | On success ``simple_object_find_sections`` returns. On error it | |
1235 | returns an error string, and sets ``*err`` to an errno value | |
1236 | or ``0`` if there is no relevant errno. | |
1237 | ||
1238 | .. simple-object.txh:2 | |
1239 | ||
1240 | .. function:: simple_object_read * simple_object_open_read (int descriptor, off_t offset, const char *segment_name, const char **errmsg, int *err) | |
1241 | ||
1242 | Opens an object file for reading. Creates and returns an | |
1243 | ``simple_object_read`` pointer which may be passed to other | |
1244 | functions to extract data from the object file. | |
1245 | ||
1246 | :samp:`{descriptor}` holds a file descriptor which permits reading. | |
1247 | ||
1248 | :samp:`{offset}` is the offset into the file; this will be ``0`` in the | |
1249 | normal case, but may be a different value when reading an object file | |
1250 | in an archive file. | |
1251 | ||
1252 | :samp:`{segment_name}` is only used with the Mach-O file format used on | |
1253 | Darwin aka Mac OS X. It is required on that platform, and means to | |
1254 | only look at sections within the segment with that name. The | |
1255 | parameter is ignored on other systems. | |
1256 | ||
1257 | If an error occurs, this functions returns ``NULL`` and sets | |
1258 | ``*errmsg`` to an error string and sets ``*err`` to | |
1259 | an errno value or ``0`` if there is no relevant errno. | |
1260 | ||
1261 | .. simple-object.txh:107 | |
1262 | ||
1263 | .. function:: void simple_object_release_attributes (simple_object_attributes *attrs) | |
1264 | ||
1265 | Release all resources associated with :samp:`{attrs}`. | |
1266 | ||
1267 | .. simple-object.txh:73 | |
1268 | ||
1269 | .. function:: void simple_object_release_read (simple_object_read *simple_object) | |
1270 | ||
1271 | Release all resources associated with :samp:`{simple_object}`. This does | |
1272 | not close the file descriptor. | |
1273 | ||
1274 | .. simple-object.txh:184 | |
1275 | ||
1276 | .. function:: void simple_object_release_write (simple_object_write *simple_object) | |
1277 | ||
1278 | Release all resources associated with :samp:`{simple_object}`. | |
1279 | ||
1280 | .. simple-object.txh:114 | |
1281 | ||
1282 | .. function:: simple_object_write * simple_object_start_write (simple_object_attributes attrs, const char *segment_name, const char **errmsg, int *err) | |
1283 | ||
1284 | Start creating a new object file using the object file format | |
1285 | described in :samp:`{attrs}`. You must fetch attribute information from | |
1286 | an existing object file before you can create a new one. There is | |
1287 | currently no support for creating an object file de novo. | |
1288 | ||
1289 | :samp:`{segment_name}` is only used with Mach-O as found on Darwin aka Mac | |
1290 | OS X. The parameter is required on that target. It means that all | |
1291 | sections are created within the named segment. It is ignored for | |
1292 | other object file formats. | |
1293 | ||
1294 | On error ``simple_object_start_write`` returns ``NULL``, sets | |
1295 | ``*ERRMSG`` to an error message, and sets ``*err`` | |
1296 | to an errno value or ``0`` if there is no relevant errno. | |
1297 | ||
1298 | .. simple-object.txh:153 | |
1299 | ||
1300 | .. function:: const char * simple_object_write_add_data (simple_object_write *simple_object, simple_object_write_section *section, const void *buffer, size_t size, int copy, int *err) | |
1301 | ||
1302 | Add data :samp:`{buffer}` / :samp:`{size}` to :samp:`{section}` in | |
1303 | :samp:`{simple_object}`. If :samp:`{copy}` is non-zero, the data will be | |
1304 | copied into memory if necessary. If :samp:`{copy}` is zero, :samp:`{buffer}` | |
1305 | must persist until ``simple_object_write_to_file`` is called. is | |
1306 | released. | |
1307 | ||
1308 | On success this returns ``NULL``. On error this returns an error | |
1309 | message, and sets ``*err`` to an errno value or 0 if there is | |
1310 | no relevant erro. | |
1311 | ||
1312 | .. simple-object.txh:134 | |
1313 | ||
1314 | .. function:: simple_object_write_section * simple_object_write_create_section (simple_object_write *simple_object, const char *name, unsigned int align, const char **errmsg, int *err) | |
1315 | ||
1316 | Add a section to :samp:`{simple_object}`. :samp:`{name}` is the name of the | |
1317 | new section. :samp:`{align}` is the required alignment expressed as the | |
1318 | number of required low-order 0 bits (e.g., 2 for alignment to a 32-bit | |
1319 | boundary). | |
1320 | ||
1321 | The section is created as containing data, readable, not writable, not | |
1322 | executable, not loaded at runtime. The section is not written to the | |
1323 | file until ``simple_object_write_to_file`` is called. | |
1324 | ||
1325 | On error this returns ``NULL``, sets ``*errmsg`` to an | |
1326 | error message, and sets ``*err`` to an errno value or | |
1327 | ``0`` if there is no relevant errno. | |
1328 | ||
1329 | .. simple-object.txh:170 | |
1330 | ||
1331 | .. function:: const char * simple_object_write_to_file (simple_object_write *simple_object, int descriptor, int *err) | |
1332 | ||
1333 | Write the complete object file to :samp:`{descriptor}`, an open file | |
1334 | descriptor. This writes out all the data accumulated by calls to | |
1335 | ``simple_object_write_create_section`` and | |
1336 | :samp:`{simple_object_write_add_data}`. | |
1337 | ||
1338 | This returns ``NULL`` on success. On error this returns an error | |
1339 | message and sets ``*err`` to an errno value or ``0`` if | |
1340 | there is no relevant errno. | |
1341 | ||
1342 | .. snprintf.c:28 | |
1343 | ||
1344 | .. function:: int snprintf (char *buf, size_t n, const char *format, ...) | |
1345 | ||
1346 | This function is similar to ``sprintf``, but it will write to | |
1347 | :samp:`{buf}` at most ``n-1`` bytes of text, followed by a | |
1348 | terminating null byte, for a total of :samp:`{n}` bytes. | |
1349 | On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of | |
1350 | bytes, not including the terminating null byte, that would have been | |
1351 | written had :samp:`{n}` been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual | |
1352 | value of :samp:`{n}`. Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement | |
1353 | this correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if | |
1354 | the system version of this function is used. | |
1355 | ||
1356 | .. spaces.c:22 | |
1357 | ||
1358 | .. function:: char* spaces (int count) | |
1359 | ||
1360 | Returns a pointer to a memory region filled with the specified | |
1361 | number of spaces and null terminated. The returned pointer is | |
1362 | valid until at least the next call. | |
1363 | ||
1364 | .. splay-tree.c:305 | |
1365 | ||
1366 | .. function:: splay_tree splay_tree_new_with_typed_alloc (splay_tree_compare_fn compare_fn, splay_tree_delete_key_fn delete_key_fn, splay_tree_delete_value_fn delete_value_fn, splay_tree_allocate_fn tree_allocate_fn, splay_tree_allocate_fn node_allocate_fn, splay_tree_deallocate_fn deallocate_fn, void * allocate_data) | |
1367 | ||
1368 | This function creates a splay tree that uses two different allocators | |
1369 | :samp:`{tree_allocate_fn}` and :samp:`{node_allocate_fn}` to use for allocating the | |
1370 | tree itself and its nodes respectively. This is useful when variables of | |
1371 | different types need to be allocated with different allocators. | |
1372 | ||
1373 | The splay tree will use :samp:`{compare_fn}` to compare nodes, | |
1374 | :samp:`{delete_key_fn}` to deallocate keys, and :samp:`{delete_value_fn}` to | |
1375 | deallocate values. Keys and values will be deallocated when the | |
1376 | tree is deleted using splay_tree_delete or when a node is removed | |
1377 | using splay_tree_remove. splay_tree_insert will release the previously | |
1378 | inserted key and value using :samp:`{delete_key_fn}` and :samp:`{delete_value_fn}` | |
1379 | if the inserted key is already found in the tree. | |
1380 | ||
1381 | .. stack-limit.c:28 | |
1382 | ||
1383 | .. function:: void stack_limit_increase (unsigned long pref) | |
1384 | ||
1385 | Attempt to increase stack size limit to :samp:`{pref}` bytes if possible. | |
1386 | ||
1387 | .. stpcpy.c:23 | |
1388 | ||
1389 | .. function:: char* stpcpy (char *dst, const char *src) | |
1390 | ||
1391 | Copies the string :samp:`{src}` into :samp:`{dst}`. Returns a pointer to | |
1392 | :samp:`{dst}` + strlen(:samp:`{src}`). | |
1393 | ||
1394 | .. stpncpy.c:23 | |
1395 | ||
1396 | .. function:: char* stpncpy (char *dst, const char *src, size_t len) | |
1397 | ||
1398 | Copies the string :samp:`{src}` into :samp:`{dst}`, copying exactly :samp:`{len}` | |
1399 | and padding with zeros if necessary. If :samp:`{len}` < strlen(:samp:`{src}`) | |
1400 | then return :samp:`{dst}` + :samp:`{len}`, otherwise returns :samp:`{dst}` + | |
1401 | strlen(:samp:`{src}`). | |
1402 | ||
1403 | .. strcasecmp.c:15 | |
1404 | ||
1405 | .. function:: int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2) | |
1406 | ||
1407 | A case-insensitive ``strcmp``. | |
1408 | ||
1409 | .. strchr.c:6 | |
1410 | ||
1411 | .. function:: char* strchr (const char *s, int c) | |
1412 | ||
1413 | Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character :samp:`{c}` in | |
1414 | the string :samp:`{s}`, or ``NULL`` if not found. If :samp:`{c}` is itself the | |
1415 | null character, the results are undefined. | |
1416 | ||
1417 | .. strdup.c:3 | |
1418 | ||
1419 | .. function:: char* strdup (const char *s) | |
1420 | ||
1421 | Returns a pointer to a copy of :samp:`{s}` in memory obtained from | |
1422 | ``malloc``, or ``NULL`` if insufficient memory was available. | |
1423 | ||
1424 | .. strerror.c:675 | |
1425 | ||
1426 | .. function:: const char* strerrno (int errnum) | |
1427 | ||
1428 | Given an error number returned from a system call (typically returned | |
1429 | in ``errno``), returns a pointer to a string containing the | |
1430 | symbolic name of that error number, as found in ``<errno.h>``. | |
1431 | ||
1432 | If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for | |
1433 | symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular error | |
1434 | number, then returns the string :samp:`Error {num}`, where :samp:`{num}` | |
1435 | is the error number. | |
1436 | ||
1437 | If the supplied error number is not within the range of valid | |
1438 | indices, then returns ``NULL``. | |
1439 | ||
1440 | The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be | |
1441 | valid until the next call to ``strerrno``. | |
1442 | ||
1443 | .. strerror.c:608 | |
1444 | ||
1445 | .. function:: char* strerror (int errnoval) | |
1446 | ||
1447 | Maps an ``errno`` number to an error message string, the contents | |
1448 | of which are implementation defined. On systems which have the | |
1449 | external variables ``sys_nerr`` and ``sys_errlist``, these | |
1450 | strings will be the same as the ones used by ``perror``. | |
1451 | ||
1452 | If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for | |
1453 | the ``sys_errlist``, but no message is available for the particular | |
1454 | error number, then returns the string :samp:`Error {num}`, where | |
1455 | :samp:`{num}` is the error number. | |
1456 | ||
1457 | If the supplied error number is not a valid index into | |
1458 | ``sys_errlist``, returns ``NULL``. | |
1459 | ||
1460 | The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the | |
1461 | next call to ``strerror``. | |
1462 | ||
1463 | .. strncasecmp.c:15 | |
1464 | ||
1465 | .. function:: int strncasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2) | |
1466 | ||
1467 | A case-insensitive ``strncmp``. | |
1468 | ||
1469 | .. strncmp.c:6 | |
1470 | ||
1471 | .. function:: int strncmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) | |
1472 | ||
1473 | Compares the first :samp:`{n}` bytes of two strings, returning a value as | |
1474 | ``strcmp``. | |
1475 | ||
1476 | .. strndup.c:23 | |
1477 | ||
1478 | .. function:: char* strndup (const char *s, size_t n) | |
1479 | ||
1480 | Returns a pointer to a copy of :samp:`{s}` with at most :samp:`{n}` characters | |
1481 | in memory obtained from ``malloc``, or ``NULL`` if insufficient | |
1482 | memory was available. The result is always NUL terminated. | |
1483 | ||
1484 | .. strnlen.c:6 | |
1485 | ||
1486 | .. function:: size_t strnlen (const char *s, size_t maxlen) | |
1487 | ||
1488 | Returns the length of :samp:`{s}`, as with ``strlen``, but never looks | |
1489 | past the first :samp:`{maxlen}` characters in the string. If there is no | |
1490 | '\0' character in the first :samp:`{maxlen}` characters, returns | |
1491 | :samp:`{maxlen}`. | |
1492 | ||
1493 | .. strrchr.c:6 | |
1494 | ||
1495 | .. function:: char* strrchr (const char *s, int c) | |
1496 | ||
1497 | Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character :samp:`{c}` in | |
1498 | the string :samp:`{s}`, or ``NULL`` if not found. If :samp:`{c}` is itself the | |
1499 | null character, the results are undefined. | |
1500 | ||
1501 | .. strsignal.c:383 | |
1502 | ||
1503 | .. function:: const char * strsignal (int signo) | |
1504 | ||
1505 | Maps an signal number to an signal message string, the contents of | |
1506 | which are implementation defined. On systems which have the external | |
1507 | variable ``sys_siglist``, these strings will be the same as the | |
1508 | ones used by ``psignal()``. | |
1509 | ||
1510 | If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for | |
1511 | the ``sys_siglist``, but no message is available for the particular | |
1512 | signal number, then returns the string :samp:`Signal {num}`, where | |
1513 | :samp:`{num}` is the signal number. | |
1514 | ||
1515 | If the supplied signal number is not a valid index into | |
1516 | ``sys_siglist``, returns ``NULL``. | |
1517 | ||
1518 | The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the next | |
1519 | call to ``strsignal``. | |
1520 | ||
1521 | .. strsignal.c:448 | |
1522 | ||
1523 | .. function:: const char* strsigno (int signo) | |
1524 | ||
1525 | Given an signal number, returns a pointer to a string containing the | |
1526 | symbolic name of that signal number, as found in ``<signal.h>``. | |
1527 | ||
1528 | If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for | |
1529 | symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular signal | |
1530 | number, then returns the string :samp:`Signal {num}`, where | |
1531 | :samp:`{num}` is the signal number. | |
1532 | ||
1533 | If the supplied signal number is not within the range of valid | |
1534 | indices, then returns ``NULL``. | |
1535 | ||
1536 | The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be | |
1537 | valid until the next call to ``strsigno``. | |
1538 | ||
1539 | .. strstr.c:6 | |
1540 | ||
1541 | .. function:: char* strstr (const char *string, const char *sub) | |
1542 | ||
1543 | This function searches for the substring :samp:`{sub}` in the string | |
1544 | :samp:`{string}`, not including the terminating null characters. A pointer | |
1545 | to the first occurrence of :samp:`{sub}` is returned, or ``NULL`` if the | |
1546 | substring is absent. If :samp:`{sub}` points to a string with zero | |
1547 | length, the function returns :samp:`{string}`. | |
1548 | ||
1549 | .. strtod.c:27 | |
1550 | ||
1551 | .. function:: double strtod (const char *string, char **endptr) | |
1552 | ||
1553 | This ISO C function converts the initial portion of :samp:`{string}` to a | |
1554 | ``double``. If :samp:`{endptr}` is not ``NULL``, a pointer to the | |
1555 | character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in | |
1556 | the location referenced by :samp:`{endptr}`. If no conversion is | |
1557 | performed, zero is returned and the value of :samp:`{string}` is stored in | |
1558 | the location referenced by :samp:`{endptr}`. | |
1559 | ||
1560 | .. strerror.c:734 | |
1561 | ||
1562 | .. function:: int strtoerrno (const char *name) | |
1563 | ||
1564 | Given the symbolic name of a error number (e.g., ``EACCES``), map it | |
1565 | to an errno value. If no translation is found, returns 0. | |
1566 | ||
1567 | .. strtol.c:33 | |
1568 | ||
1569 | .. function:: long int strtol (const char *string, char **endptr, int base) | |
1570 | unsigned long int strtoul (const char *string, char **endptr, int base) | |
1571 | ||
1572 | The ``strtol`` function converts the string in :samp:`{string}` to a | |
1573 | long integer value according to the given :samp:`{base}`, which must be | |
1574 | between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. If :samp:`{base}` | |
1575 | is 0, ``strtol`` will look for the prefixes ``0`` and ``0x`` | |
1576 | to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10. | |
1577 | When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of | |
1578 | ``0x`` is allowed. The handling of :samp:`{endptr}` is as that of | |
1579 | ``strtod`` above. The ``strtoul`` function is the same, except | |
1580 | that the converted value is unsigned. | |
1581 | ||
1582 | .. strtoll.c:33 | |
1583 | ||
1584 | .. function:: long long int strtoll (const char *string, char **endptr, int base) | |
1585 | unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *string, char **endptr, int base) | |
1586 | ||
1587 | The ``strtoll`` function converts the string in :samp:`{string}` to a | |
1588 | long long integer value according to the given :samp:`{base}`, which must be | |
1589 | between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. If :samp:`{base}` | |
1590 | is 0, ``strtoll`` will look for the prefixes ``0`` and ``0x`` | |
1591 | to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10. | |
1592 | When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of | |
1593 | ``0x`` is allowed. The handling of :samp:`{endptr}` is as that of | |
1594 | ``strtod`` above. The ``strtoull`` function is the same, except | |
1595 | that the converted value is unsigned. | |
1596 | ||
1597 | .. strsignal.c:502 | |
1598 | ||
1599 | .. function:: int strtosigno (const char *name) | |
1600 | ||
1601 | Given the symbolic name of a signal, map it to a signal number. If no | |
1602 | translation is found, returns 0. | |
1603 | ||
1604 | .. strverscmp.c:25 | |
1605 | ||
1606 | .. function:: int strverscmp (const char *s1, const char *s2) | |
1607 | ||
1608 | The ``strverscmp`` function compares the string :samp:`{s1}` against | |
1609 | :samp:`{s2}`, considering them as holding indices/version numbers. Return | |
1610 | value follows the same conventions as found in the ``strverscmp`` | |
1611 | function. In fact, if :samp:`{s1}` and :samp:`{s2}` contain no digits, | |
1612 | ``strverscmp`` behaves like ``strcmp``. | |
1613 | ||
1614 | Basically, we compare strings normally (character by character), until | |
1615 | we find a digit in each string - then we enter a special comparison | |
1616 | mode, where each sequence of digits is taken as a whole. If we reach the | |
1617 | end of these two parts without noticing a difference, we return to the | |
1618 | standard comparison mode. There are two types of numeric parts: | |
1619 | "integral" and "fractional" (those begin with a '0'). The types | |
1620 | of the numeric parts affect the way we sort them: | |
1621 | ||
1622 | * integral/integral: we compare values as you would expect. | |
1623 | ||
1624 | * fractional/integral: the fractional part is less than the integral one. | |
1625 | Again, no surprise. | |
1626 | ||
1627 | * fractional/fractional: the things become a bit more complex. | |
1628 | If the common prefix contains only leading zeroes, the longest part is less | |
1629 | than the other one; else the comparison behaves normally. | |
1630 | ||
1631 | .. code-block:: | |
1632 | ||
1633 | strverscmp ("no digit", "no digit") | |
1634 | ⇒ 0 // same behavior as strcmp. | |
1635 | strverscmp ("item#99", "item#100") | |
1636 | ⇒ <0 // same prefix, but 99 < 100. | |
1637 | strverscmp ("alpha1", "alpha001") | |
1638 | ⇒ >0 // fractional part inferior to integral one. | |
1639 | strverscmp ("part1_f012", "part1_f01") | |
1640 | ⇒ >0 // two fractional parts. | |
1641 | strverscmp ("foo.009", "foo.0") | |
1642 | ⇒ <0 // idem, but with leading zeroes only. | |
1643 | ||
1644 | This function is especially useful when dealing with filename sorting, | |
1645 | because filenames frequently hold indices/version numbers. | |
1646 | ||
1647 | .. timeval-utils.c:43 | |
1648 | ||
1649 | .. function:: void timeval_add (struct timeval *a, struct timeval *b, struct timeval *result) | |
1650 | ||
1651 | Adds :samp:`{a}` to :samp:`{b}` and stores the result in :samp:`{result}`. | |
1652 | ||
1653 | .. timeval-utils.c:67 | |
1654 | ||
1655 | .. function:: void timeval_sub (struct timeval *a, struct timeval *b, struct timeval *result) | |
1656 | ||
1657 | Subtracts :samp:`{b}` from :samp:`{a}` and stores the result in :samp:`{result}`. | |
1658 | ||
1659 | .. tmpnam.c:3 | |
1660 | ||
1661 | .. function:: char* tmpnam (char *s) | |
1662 | ||
1663 | This function attempts to create a name for a temporary file, which | |
1664 | will be a valid file name yet not exist when ``tmpnam`` checks for | |
1665 | it. :samp:`{s}` must point to a buffer of at least ``L_tmpnam`` bytes, | |
1666 | or be ``NULL``. Use of this function creates a security risk, and it must | |
1667 | not be used in new projects. Use ``mkstemp`` instead. | |
1668 | ||
1669 | .. unlink-if-ordinary.c:27 | |
1670 | ||
1671 | .. function:: int unlink_if_ordinary (const char*) | |
1672 | ||
1673 | Unlinks the named file, unless it is special (e.g. a device file). | |
1674 | Returns 0 when the file was unlinked, a negative value (and errno set) when | |
1675 | there was an error deleting the file, and a positive value if no attempt | |
1676 | was made to unlink the file because it is special. | |
1677 | ||
1678 | .. fopen_unlocked.c:31 | |
1679 | ||
1680 | .. function:: void unlock_std_streams (void) | |
1681 | ||
1682 | If the OS supports it, ensure that the standard I/O streams, | |
1683 | ``stdin``, ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` are setup to avoid any | |
1684 | multi-threaded locking. Otherwise do nothing. | |
1685 | ||
1686 | .. fopen_unlocked.c:23 | |
1687 | ||
1688 | .. function:: void unlock_stream (FILE * stream) | |
1689 | ||
1690 | If the OS supports it, ensure that the supplied stream is setup to | |
1691 | avoid any multi-threaded locking. Otherwise leave the ``FILE`` | |
1692 | pointer unchanged. If the :samp:`{stream}` is ``NULL`` do nothing. | |
1693 | ||
1694 | .. vasprintf.c:47 | |
1695 | ||
1696 | .. function:: int vasprintf (char **resptr, const char *format, va_list args) | |
1697 | ||
1698 | Like ``vsprintf``, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, | |
1699 | you pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size | |
1700 | of the buffer needed, allocate memory with ``malloc``, and store a | |
1701 | pointer to the allocated memory in ``*resptr``. The value | |
1702 | returned is the same as ``vsprintf`` would return. If memory could | |
1703 | not be allocated, minus one is returned and ``NULL`` is stored in | |
1704 | ``*resptr``. | |
1705 | ||
1706 | .. vfork.c:6 | |
1707 | ||
1708 | .. function:: int vfork (void) | |
1709 | ||
1710 | Emulates ``vfork`` by calling ``fork`` and returning its value. | |
1711 | ||
1712 | .. vprintf.c:3 | |
1713 | ||
1714 | .. function:: int vprintf (const char *format, va_list ap) | |
1715 | int vfprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap) | |
1716 | int vsprintf (char *str, const char *format, va_list ap) | |
1717 | ||
1718 | These functions are the same as ``printf``, ``fprintf``, and | |
1719 | ``sprintf``, respectively, except that they are called with a | |
1720 | ``va_list`` instead of a variable number of arguments. Note that | |
1721 | they do not call ``va_end`` ; this is the application's | |
1722 | responsibility. In ``libiberty`` they are implemented in terms of the | |
1723 | nonstandard but common function ``_doprnt``. | |
1724 | ||
1725 | .. vsnprintf.c:28 | |
1726 | ||
1727 | .. function:: int vsnprintf (char *buf, size_t n, const char *format, va_list ap) | |
1728 | ||
1729 | This function is similar to ``vsprintf``, but it will write to | |
1730 | :samp:`{buf}` at most ``n-1`` bytes of text, followed by a | |
1731 | terminating null byte, for a total of :samp:`{n}` bytes. On error the | |
1732 | return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of characters that | |
1733 | would have been printed had :samp:`{n}` been sufficiently large, | |
1734 | regardless of the actual value of :samp:`{n}`. Note some pre-C99 system | |
1735 | libraries do not implement this correctly so users cannot generally | |
1736 | rely on the return value if the system version of this function is | |
1737 | used. | |
1738 | ||
1739 | .. waitpid.c:3 | |
1740 | ||
1741 | .. function:: int waitpid (int pid, int *status, int) | |
1742 | ||
1743 | This is a wrapper around the ``wait`` function. Any 'special' | |
1744 | values of :samp:`{pid}` depend on your implementation of ``wait``, as | |
1745 | does the return value. The third argument is unused in ``libiberty``. | |
1746 | ||
1747 | .. argv.c:289 | |
1748 | ||
1749 | .. function:: int writeargv (char * const *argv, FILE *file) | |
1750 | ||
1751 | Write each member of ARGV, handling all necessary quoting, to the file | |
1752 | named by FILE, separated by whitespace. Return 0 on success, non-zero | |
1753 | if an error occurred while writing to FILE. | |
1754 | ||
1755 | .. xasprintf.c:31 | |
1756 | ||
1757 | .. function:: char* xasprintf (const char *format, ...) | |
1758 | ||
1759 | Print to allocated string without fail. If ``xasprintf`` fails, | |
1760 | this will print a message to ``stderr`` (using the name set by | |
1761 | ``xmalloc_set_program_name``, if any) and then call ``xexit``. | |
1762 | ||
1763 | .. xatexit.c:11 | |
1764 | ||
1765 | .. function:: int xatexit (void (*fn) (void)) | |
1766 | ||
1767 | Behaves as the standard ``atexit`` function, but with no limit on | |
1768 | the number of registered functions. Returns 0 on success, or -1 on | |
1769 | failure. If you use ``xatexit`` to register functions, you must use | |
1770 | ``xexit`` to terminate your program. | |
1771 | ||
1772 | .. xmalloc.c:38 | |
1773 | ||
1774 | .. function:: void* xcalloc (size_t nelem, size_t elsize) | |
1775 | ||
1776 | Allocate memory without fail, and set it to zero. This routine functions | |
1777 | like ``calloc``, but will behave the same as ``xmalloc`` if memory | |
1778 | cannot be found. | |
1779 | ||
1780 | .. xexit.c:22 | |
1781 | ||
1782 | .. function:: void xexit (int code) | |
1783 | ||
1784 | Terminates the program. If any functions have been registered with | |
1785 | the ``xatexit`` replacement function, they will be called first. | |
1786 | Termination is handled via the system's normal ``exit`` call. | |
1787 | ||
1788 | .. xmalloc.c:22 | |
1789 | ||
1790 | .. function:: void* xmalloc (size_t) | |
1791 | ||
1792 | Allocate memory without fail. If ``malloc`` fails, this will print | |
1793 | a message to ``stderr`` (using the name set by | |
1794 | ``xmalloc_set_program_name``, | |
1795 | if any) and then call ``xexit``. Note that it is therefore safe for | |
1796 | a program to contain ``#define malloc xmalloc`` in its source. | |
1797 | ||
1798 | .. xmalloc.c:53 | |
1799 | ||
1800 | .. function:: void xmalloc_failed (size_t) | |
1801 | ||
1802 | This function is not meant to be called by client code, and is listed | |
1803 | here for completeness only. If any of the allocation routines fail, this | |
1804 | function will be called to print an error message and terminate execution. | |
1805 | ||
1806 | .. xmalloc.c:46 | |
1807 | ||
1808 | .. function:: void xmalloc_set_program_name (const char *name) | |
1809 | ||
1810 | You can use this to set the name of the program used by | |
1811 | ``xmalloc_failed`` when printing a failure message. | |
1812 | ||
1813 | .. xmemdup.c:7 | |
1814 | ||
1815 | .. function:: void* xmemdup (void *input, size_t copy_size, size_t alloc_size) | |
1816 | ||
1817 | Duplicates a region of memory without fail. First, :samp:`{alloc_size}` bytes | |
1818 | are allocated, then :samp:`{copy_size}` bytes from :samp:`{input}` are copied into | |
1819 | it, and the new memory is returned. If fewer bytes are copied than were | |
1820 | allocated, the remaining memory is zeroed. | |
1821 | ||
1822 | .. xmalloc.c:32 | |
1823 | ||
1824 | .. function:: void* xrealloc (void *ptr, size_t size) | |
1825 | ||
1826 | Reallocate memory without fail. This routine functions like ``realloc``, | |
1827 | but will behave the same as ``xmalloc`` if memory cannot be found. | |
1828 | ||
1829 | .. xstrdup.c:7 | |
1830 | ||
1831 | .. function:: char* xstrdup (const char *s) | |
1832 | ||
1833 | Duplicates a character string without fail, using ``xmalloc`` to | |
1834 | obtain memory. | |
1835 | ||
1836 | .. xstrerror.c:7 | |
1837 | ||
1838 | .. function:: char* xstrerror (int errnum) | |
1839 | ||
1840 | Behaves exactly like the standard ``strerror`` function, but | |
1841 | will never return a ``NULL`` pointer. | |
1842 | ||
1843 | .. xstrndup.c:23 | |
1844 | ||
1845 | .. function:: char* xstrndup (const char *s, size_t n) | |
1846 | ||
1847 | Returns a pointer to a copy of :samp:`{s}` with at most :samp:`{n}` characters | |
1848 | without fail, using ``xmalloc`` to obtain memory. The result is | |
1849 | always NUL terminated. | |
1850 | ||
1851 | .. xvasprintf.c:38 | |
1852 | ||
1853 | .. function:: char* xvasprintf (const char *format, va_list args) | |
1854 | ||
1855 | Print to allocated string without fail. If ``xvasprintf`` fails, | |
1856 | this will print a message to ``stderr`` (using the name set by | |
3ed1b4ce | 1857 | ``xmalloc_set_program_name``, if any) and then call ``xexit``. |