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c66e7bc7 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> |
3a54a157 | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
12b42c76 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> |
db9ecf05 | 4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> |
c66e7bc7 | 5 | |
4623eecb | 6 | <refentry id="kernel-command-line" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
c66e7bc7 | 7 | |
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8 | <refentryinfo> |
9 | <title>kernel-command-line</title> | |
10 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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11 | </refentryinfo> |
12 | ||
13 | <refmeta> | |
14 | <refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle> | |
15 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum> | |
16 | </refmeta> | |
17 | ||
18 | <refnamediv> | |
19 | <refname>kernel-command-line</refname> | |
20 | <refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose> | |
21 | </refnamediv> | |
22 | ||
23 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
24 | <para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para> | |
25 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
26 | ||
27 | <refsect1> | |
28 | <title>Description</title> | |
29 | ||
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30 | <para>The kernel, the programs running in the initrd and in the host system may be configured at boot via |
31 | kernel command line arguments. In addition, various systemd tools look at the EFI variable | |
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32 | <literal>SystemdOptions</literal> (if available). Both sources are combined, but the kernel command line |
33 | has higher priority. Please note that <emphasis>the EFI variable is only used by systemd tools, and is | |
34 | ignored by the kernel and other user space tools</emphasis>, so it is not a replacement for the kernel | |
35 | command line.</para> | |
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36 | |
37 | <para>For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please | |
ab1f7245 | 38 | see |
0e685823 | 39 | <ulink url="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html"><filename>kernel-parameters.html</filename></ulink> |
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40 | and |
41 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
42 | ||
b66a6e1a | 43 | <para>For command line parameters understood by the initrd, see |
af105d03 | 44 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
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45 | or the documentation of the specific initrd implementation of your |
46 | installation.</para> | |
47 | </refsect1> | |
48 | ||
49 | <refsect1> | |
50 | <title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title> | |
51 | ||
52 | <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'> | |
53 | <varlistentry> | |
54 | <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term> | |
55 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term> | |
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56 | <term><varname>systemd.dump_core</varname></term> |
57 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt</varname></term> | |
58 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell</varname></term> | |
59 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_reboot</varname></term> | |
60 | <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn</varname></term> | |
2a12e32e | 61 | <term><varname>systemd.service_watchdogs</varname></term> |
770c4777 | 62 | <term><varname>systemd.show_status</varname></term> |
36cf4507 | 63 | <term><varname>systemd.status_unit_format=</varname></term> |
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64 | <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term> |
65 | <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 | 66 | <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term> |
770c4777 | 67 | <term><varname>systemd.log_color</varname></term> |
8750a06b | 68 | <term><varname>systemd.log_ratelimit_kmsg</varname></term> |
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69 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term> |
70 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term> | |
71 | <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term> | |
ee48dbd5 | 72 | <term><varname>systemd.machine_id=</varname></term> |
72267a55 | 73 | <term><varname>systemd.set_credential=</varname></term> |
de70ecb3 | 74 | <term><varname>systemd.set_credential_binary=</varname></term> |
72267a55 | 75 | <term><varname>systemd.import_credentials=</varname></term> |
856bfaeb LB |
76 | <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_interval_sec=</varname></term> |
77 | <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_burst=</varname></term> | |
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78 | <listitem> |
79 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
80 | manager to control system behavior. For details, see | |
81 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
82 | |
83 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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84 | </listitem> |
85 | </varlistentry> | |
86 | ||
87 | <varlistentry> | |
88 | <term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term> | |
89 | <term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term> | |
1d84ad94 | 90 | <term><varname>systemd.debug_shell</varname></term> |
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91 | <listitem> |
92 | <para>Additional parameters understood by | |
93 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
94 | to mask or start specific units at boot, or invoke a debug | |
95 | shell on tty9.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
96 | |
97 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
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98 | </listitem> |
99 | </varlistentry> | |
100 | ||
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101 | <varlistentry> |
102 | <term><varname>systemd.run=</varname></term> | |
103 | <term><varname>systemd.run_success_action=</varname></term> | |
104 | <term><varname>systemd.run_failure_action=</varname></term> | |
105 | <listitem> | |
106 | <para>Additional parameters understood by | |
107 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, to | |
108 | run a command line specified on the kernel command line as system service after booting up.</para> | |
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109 | |
110 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/> | |
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111 | </listitem> |
112 | </varlistentry> | |
113 | ||
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114 | <varlistentry> |
115 | <term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term> | |
116 | <listitem> | |
117 | <para>During early boot, the generation of core dump files is disabled until a core dump handler (if any) | |
11fcfc53 | 118 | takes over. This parameter allows specifying an absolute path where core dump files should be stored until |
c6885f5f | 119 | a handler is installed. The path should be absolute and may contain specifiers, see |
b7a47345 | 120 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>core</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.</para> |
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121 | |
122 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/> | |
c6885f5f FB |
123 | </listitem> |
124 | </varlistentry> | |
125 | ||
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126 | <varlistentry> |
127 | <term><varname>systemd.restore_state=</varname></term> | |
128 | <listitem> | |
129 | <para>This parameter is understood by several system tools | |
130 | to control whether or not they should restore system state | |
131 | from the previous boot. For details, see | |
132 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
133 | and | |
af105d03 | 134 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
798d3a52 | 135 | </para> |
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136 | |
137 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/> | |
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138 | </listitem> |
139 | </varlistentry> | |
140 | ||
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141 | <varlistentry> |
142 | <term><varname>systemd.volatile=</varname></term> | |
143 | <listitem> | |
144 | <para>This parameter controls whether the system shall boot up in volatile mode. Takes a boolean argument, or | |
145 | the special value <literal>state</literal>. If false (the default), normal boot mode is selected, the root | |
3b121157 | 146 | directory and <filename>/var/</filename> are mounted as specified on the kernel command line or |
91214a37 LP |
147 | <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or otherwise configured. If true, full state-less boot mode is selected. In |
148 | this case the root directory is mounted as volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), and only | |
3b121157 | 149 | <filename>/usr/</filename> is mounted from the file system configured as root device, in read-only mode. This |
91214a37 | 150 | enables fully state-less boots were the vendor-supplied OS is used as shipped, with only default |
3b121157 | 151 | configuration and no stored state in effect, as <filename>/etc/</filename> and <filename>/var/</filename> (as |
91214a37 | 152 | well as all other resources shipped in the root file system) are reset at boot and lost on shutdown. If this |
13070a70 | 153 | setting is set to <literal>state</literal> the root file system is mounted read-only, however |
3b121157 | 154 | <filename>/var/</filename> is mounted as a volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), so that the |
13070a70 LP |
155 | system boots up with the normal configuration applied, but all state reset at boot and lost at shutdown. If |
156 | this setting is set to <literal>overlay</literal> the root file system is set up as | |
157 | <literal>overlayfs</literal> mount combining the read-only root directory with a writable | |
158 | <literal>tmpfs</literal>, so that no modifications are made to disk, but the file system may be modified | |
159 | nonetheless with all changes being lost at reboot. For details, see | |
91214a37 LP |
160 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
161 | and | |
162 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
163 | |
164 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/> | |
91214a37 LP |
165 | </listitem> |
166 | </varlistentry> | |
167 | ||
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168 | <varlistentry> |
169 | <term><varname>quiet</varname></term> | |
170 | <listitem> | |
171 | <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system | |
172 | and service manager to control console log verbosity. For | |
173 | details, see | |
174 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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175 | |
176 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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177 | </listitem> |
178 | </varlistentry> | |
179 | ||
180 | <varlistentry> | |
181 | <term><varname>debug</varname></term> | |
182 | <listitem> | |
183 | <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system | |
184 | and service manager to control console log verbosity. For | |
185 | details, see | |
186 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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187 | |
188 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v205"/> | |
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189 | </listitem> |
190 | </varlistentry> | |
191 | ||
192 | <varlistentry> | |
193 | <term><varname>-b</varname></term> | |
dcd61450 | 194 | <term><varname>rd.emergency</varname></term> |
798d3a52 | 195 | <term><varname>emergency</varname></term> |
dcd61450 | 196 | <term><varname>rd.rescue</varname></term> |
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197 | <term><varname>rescue</varname></term> |
198 | <term><varname>single</varname></term> | |
199 | <term><varname>s</varname></term> | |
200 | <term><varname>S</varname></term> | |
201 | <term><varname>1</varname></term> | |
202 | <term><varname>2</varname></term> | |
203 | <term><varname>3</varname></term> | |
204 | <term><varname>4</varname></term> | |
205 | <term><varname>5</varname></term> | |
206 | <listitem> | |
207 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
dcd61450 | 208 | manager, as compatibility and convenience options. For details, see |
798d3a52 | 209 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
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210 | |
211 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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212 | </listitem> |
213 | </varlistentry> | |
214 | ||
215 | <varlistentry> | |
216 | <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term> | |
217 | <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term> | |
218 | <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term> | |
219 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term> | |
220 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term> | |
221 | <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term> | |
222 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term> | |
223 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term> | |
224 | <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term> | |
225 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term> | |
226 | <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term> | |
227 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term> | |
228 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term> | |
229 | <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term> | |
230 | <listitem> | |
231 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
232 | manager to control locale and language settings. For | |
233 | details, see | |
234 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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235 | |
236 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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237 | </listitem> |
238 | </varlistentry> | |
239 | ||
240 | <varlistentry> | |
241 | <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term> | |
242 | <term><varname>fsck.repair=</varname></term> | |
243 | ||
244 | <listitem> | |
245 | <para>Parameters understood by the file system checker | |
246 | services. For details, see | |
247 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
248 | |
249 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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250 | </listitem> |
251 | </varlistentry> | |
252 | ||
253 | <varlistentry> | |
254 | <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term> | |
255 | ||
256 | <listitem> | |
257 | <para>Parameter understood by the file quota checker | |
258 | service. For details, see | |
259 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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260 | |
261 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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262 | </listitem> |
263 | </varlistentry> | |
264 | ||
265 | <varlistentry> | |
266 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term> | |
267 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term> | |
268 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term> | |
269 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=</varname></term> | |
270 | ||
271 | <listitem> | |
272 | <para>Parameters understood by the journal service. For | |
273 | details, see | |
274 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
275 | |
276 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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277 | </listitem> |
278 | </varlistentry> | |
279 | ||
280 | <varlistentry> | |
281 | <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term> | |
72ccee50 | 282 | <term><varname>vconsole.keymap_toggle=</varname></term> |
798d3a52 | 283 | <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term> |
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284 | <term><varname>vconsole.font_map=</varname></term> |
285 | <term><varname>vconsole.font_unimap=</varname></term> | |
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286 | |
287 | <listitem> | |
72ccee50 ZJS |
288 | <para>Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see |
289 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
290 | |
291 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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292 | </listitem> |
293 | </varlistentry> | |
294 | ||
295 | <varlistentry> | |
64a3494c FB |
296 | <term><varname>udev.log_level=</varname></term> |
297 | <term><varname>rd.udev.log_level=</varname></term> | |
1d84ad94 LP |
298 | <term><varname>udev.children_max=</varname></term> |
299 | <term><varname>rd.udev.children_max=</varname></term> | |
300 | <term><varname>udev.exec_delay=</varname></term> | |
301 | <term><varname>rd.udev.exec_delay=</varname></term> | |
302 | <term><varname>udev.event_timeout=</varname></term> | |
303 | <term><varname>rd.udev.event_timeout=</varname></term> | |
e2099267 MS |
304 | <term><varname>udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term> |
305 | <term><varname>rd.udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term> | |
95ac5230 LP |
306 | <term><varname>udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term> |
307 | <term><varname>rd.udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 | 308 | <term><varname>net.ifnames=</varname></term> |
f7e81fd9 | 309 | <term><varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname></term> |
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310 | |
311 | <listitem> | |
312 | <para>Parameters understood by the device event managing | |
313 | daemon. For details, see | |
314 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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315 | |
316 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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317 | </listitem> |
318 | </varlistentry> | |
319 | ||
320 | <varlistentry> | |
321 | <term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term> | |
322 | ||
323 | <listitem> | |
324 | <para>May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For | |
325 | details, see | |
326 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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327 | |
328 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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329 | </listitem> |
330 | </varlistentry> | |
331 | ||
332 | <varlistentry> | |
333 | <term><varname>luks=</varname></term> | |
334 | <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term> | |
335 | <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term> | |
336 | <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term> | |
337 | <term><varname>luks.name=</varname></term> | |
338 | <term><varname>rd.luks.name=</varname></term> | |
339 | <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term> | |
340 | <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term> | |
341 | <term><varname>luks.options=</varname></term> | |
342 | <term><varname>rd.luks.options=</varname></term> | |
343 | <term><varname>luks.key=</varname></term> | |
344 | <term><varname>rd.luks.key=</varname></term> | |
345 | ||
346 | <listitem> | |
347 | <para>Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at | |
348 | boot. For details, see | |
349 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
350 | |
351 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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352 | </listitem> |
353 | </varlistentry> | |
354 | ||
355 | <varlistentry> | |
356 | <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term> | |
357 | <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term> | |
358 | ||
359 | <listitem> | |
360 | <para>Configures the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> logic | |
361 | at boot. For details, see | |
362 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
363 | |
364 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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365 | </listitem> |
366 | </varlistentry> | |
367 | ||
368 | <varlistentry> | |
369 | <term><varname>root=</varname></term> | |
370 | <term><varname>rootfstype=</varname></term> | |
d6a12e7c | 371 | <term><varname>rootflags=</varname></term> |
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372 | <term><varname>ro</varname></term> |
373 | <term><varname>rw</varname></term> | |
374 | ||
375 | <listitem> | |
cf451f38 LP |
376 | <para>Configures the root file system and its file system type and mount options, as well as |
377 | whether it shall be mounted read-only or read-write initially. For details, see | |
798d3a52 | 378 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
cf451f38 LP |
379 | |
380 | <para>If <varname>root=</varname> is not set (or set to <literal>gpt-auto</literal>) the automatic | |
381 | root partition discovery implemented by | |
382 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
383 | will be in effect. In this case <varname>rootfstype=</varname>, <varname>rootflags=</varname>, | |
384 | <varname>ro</varname>, <varname>rw</varname> will be interpreted by | |
385 | <command>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</command>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
386 | |
387 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
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388 | </listitem> |
389 | </varlistentry> | |
390 | ||
6dfcea32 TH |
391 | <varlistentry> |
392 | <term><varname>mount.usr=</varname></term> | |
393 | <term><varname>mount.usrfstype=</varname></term> | |
394 | <term><varname>mount.usrflags=</varname></term> | |
395 | ||
396 | <listitem> | |
397 | <para>Configures the /usr file system (if required) and | |
398 | its file system type and mount options. For details, see | |
399 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
400 | |
401 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v235"/> | |
6dfcea32 TH |
402 | </listitem> |
403 | </varlistentry> | |
404 | ||
2f3dfc6f | 405 | <varlistentry> |
08b04ec7 GP |
406 | <term><varname>veritytab=</varname></term> |
407 | <term><varname>rd.veritytab=</varname></term> | |
2f3dfc6f LP |
408 | <term><varname>roothash=</varname></term> |
409 | <term><varname>systemd.verity=</varname></term> | |
410 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.verity=</varname></term> | |
411 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_data=</varname></term> | |
412 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_hash=</varname></term> | |
0141102f | 413 | <term><varname>systemd.verity.root_options=</varname></term> |
e5196eee MB |
414 | <term><varname>usrhash=</varname></term> |
415 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_data=</varname></term> | |
416 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_hash=</varname></term> | |
417 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_options=</varname></term> | |
2f3dfc6f | 418 | <listitem> |
e5196eee | 419 | <para>Configures the integrity protection root hash for the root and <filename>/usr</filename> file systems, and other related |
2f3dfc6f LP |
420 | parameters. For details, see |
421 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
422 | |
423 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/> | |
2f3dfc6f LP |
424 | </listitem> |
425 | </varlistentry> | |
426 | ||
21d00e52 LB |
427 | <varlistentry> |
428 | <term><varname>systemd.getty_auto=</varname></term> | |
429 | ||
430 | <listitem> | |
431 | <para>Configures whether the <filename>serial-getty@.service</filename> will run. | |
432 | For details, see | |
433 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
434 | |
435 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/> | |
21d00e52 LB |
436 | </listitem> |
437 | </varlistentry> | |
438 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
439 | <varlistentry> |
440 | <term><varname>systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term> | |
441 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term> | |
442 | ||
443 | <listitem> | |
9ea81191 | 444 | <para>Configures whether GPT-based partition auto-discovery shall be attempted. For details, see |
798d3a52 | 445 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
446 | |
447 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
448 | </listitem> |
449 | </varlistentry> | |
450 | ||
9ea81191 LP |
451 | <varlistentry> |
452 | <term><varname>systemd.image_policy=</varname></term> | |
453 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.image_policy=</varname></term> | |
454 | ||
455 | <listitem><para>When GPT-based partition auto-discovery is used, configures the image dissection | |
456 | policy string to apply, as per | |
457 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.image-policy</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For | |
458 | details see | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
459 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
460 | ||
461 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
9ea81191 LP |
462 | </varlistentry> |
463 | ||
959718c6 TB |
464 | <varlistentry> |
465 | <term><varname>systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=</varname></term> | |
466 | ||
467 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 468 | <para>Overrides the default start job timeout <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> at |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
469 | boot. For details, see |
470 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
471 | |
472 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/> | |
c75396c3 EJ |
473 | </listitem> |
474 | </varlistentry> | |
475 | ||
6b818cd7 DDM |
476 | <varlistentry> |
477 | <term><varname>systemd.default_device_timeout_sec=</varname></term> | |
478 | ||
479 | <listitem> | |
480 | <para>Overrides the default device timeout <varname>DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec=</varname> at boot. For | |
481 | details, see | |
482 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
483 | |
484 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/> | |
6b818cd7 DDM |
485 | </listitem> |
486 | </varlistentry> | |
487 | ||
c75396c3 EJ |
488 | <varlistentry> |
489 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_device=</varname></term> | |
490 | ||
491 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 492 | <para>Overrides the watchdog device path <varname>WatchdogDevice=</varname>. For details, see |
9c5ea4b1 | 493 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
494 | |
495 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/> | |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
496 | </listitem> |
497 | </varlistentry> | |
498 | ||
499 | <varlistentry> | |
500 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_sec=</varname></term> | |
501 | ||
502 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 503 | <para>Overrides the watchdog timeout settings otherwise configured with |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
504 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdog=</varname>, <varname>RebootWatchdog=</varname> and |
505 | <varname>KExecWatchdogSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the | |
506 | implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or | |
507 | <literal>default</literal>. For details, see | |
c75396c3 | 508 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
509 | |
510 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/> | |
959718c6 TB |
511 | </listitem> |
512 | </varlistentry> | |
513 | ||
5717062e CK |
514 | <varlistentry> |
515 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pre_sec=</varname></term> | |
516 | ||
517 | <listitem> | |
518 | <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with | |
519 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the | |
520 | implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or | |
521 | <literal>default</literal>. For details, see | |
522 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
523 | |
524 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/> | |
5717062e CK |
525 | </listitem> |
526 | </varlistentry> | |
527 | ||
aff3a9e1 LB |
528 | <varlistentry> |
529 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pretimeout_governor=</varname></term> | |
530 | ||
531 | <listitem> | |
532 | <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with | |
533 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreGovernor=</varname>. Takes a string value. For details, see | |
534 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
535 | |
536 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/> | |
aff3a9e1 LB |
537 | </listitem> |
538 | </varlistentry> | |
539 | ||
68d58f38 LP |
540 | <varlistentry> |
541 | <term><varname>systemd.cpu_affinity=</varname></term> | |
542 | ||
543 | <listitem> | |
544 | <para>Overrides the CPU affinity mask for the service manager and the default for all child | |
545 | processes it forks. This takes precedence over <varname>CPUAffinity=</varname>, see | |
546 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
547 | for details.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
548 | |
549 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/> | |
68d58f38 LP |
550 | </listitem> |
551 | </varlistentry> | |
552 | ||
798d3a52 | 553 | <varlistentry> |
1d84ad94 LP |
554 | <term><varname>modules_load=</varname></term> |
555 | <term><varname>rd.modules_load=</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
556 | |
557 | <listitem> | |
558 | <para>Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For | |
559 | details, see | |
560 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 | 561 | |
aefdc112 | 562 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v187"/> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
563 | </listitem> |
564 | </varlistentry> | |
565 | ||
116687f2 LP |
566 | <varlistentry> |
567 | <term><varname>nameserver=</varname></term> | |
568 | <term><varname>domain=</varname></term> | |
569 | ||
570 | <listitem><para>Configures DNS server information and search domains, see | |
571 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
572 | for details.</para> |
573 | ||
574 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem> | |
116687f2 LP |
575 | </varlistentry> |
576 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
577 | <varlistentry> |
578 | <term><varname>resume=</varname></term> | |
8b6805a2 | 579 | <term><varname>resumeflags=</varname></term> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
580 | |
581 | <listitem> | |
582 | <para>Enables resume from hibernation using the specified | |
8b6805a2 | 583 | device and mount options. All |
3ba3a79d | 584 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>-like |
798d3a52 ZJS |
585 | paths are supported. For details, see |
586 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
587 | |
588 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v217"/> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
589 | </listitem> |
590 | </varlistentry> | |
f582cbca LP |
591 | |
592 | <varlistentry> | |
593 | <term><varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname></term> | |
594 | ||
595 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off, | |
596 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
3ccadbce LP |
597 | and |
598 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-homed-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
814872e9 LP |
599 | will not query the user for basic system settings, even if the system boots up for the first time and |
600 | the relevant settings are not initialized yet. Not to be confused with | |
601 | <varname>systemd.condition-first-boot=</varname> (see below), which overrides the result of the | |
602 | <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit file condition, and thus controls more than just | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
603 | <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> behaviour.</para> |
604 | ||
605 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem> | |
f582cbca | 606 | </varlistentry> |
f8b4ae29 LP |
607 | |
608 | <varlistentry> | |
609 | <term><varname>systemd.condition-needs-update=</varname></term> | |
610 | ||
611 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of | |
612 | <varname>ConditionNeedsUpdate=</varname> unit condition checks. See | |
613 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
614 | details.</para> |
615 | ||
616 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
f8b4ae29 | 617 | </varlistentry> |
814872e9 LP |
618 | |
619 | <varlistentry> | |
620 | <term><varname>systemd.condition-first-boot=</varname></term> | |
621 | ||
622 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of | |
623 | <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit condition checks. See | |
624 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
625 | details. Not to be confused with <varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname> which only controls behaviour | |
626 | of the <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> system service but has no effect on the | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
627 | condition check (see above).</para> |
628 | ||
629 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
814872e9 | 630 | </varlistentry> |
3753325b LP |
631 | |
632 | <varlistentry> | |
633 | <term><varname>systemd.clock-usec=</varname></term> | |
634 | ||
e503019b | 635 | <listitem><para>Takes a decimal, numeric timestamp in μs since January 1st 1970, 00:00am, to set the |
18d9cee0 | 636 | system clock to. The system time is set to the specified timestamp early during boot. It is not |
ec07c3c8 AK |
637 | propagated to the hardware clock (RTC).</para> |
638 | ||
639 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
18d9cee0 LP |
640 | </varlistentry> |
641 | ||
642 | <varlistentry> | |
643 | <term><varname>systemd.random-seed=</varname></term> | |
644 | ||
645 | <listitem><para>Takes a base64 encoded random seed value to credit with full entropy to the kernel's | |
646 | random pool during early service manager initialization. This option is useful in testing | |
647 | environments where delays due to random pool initialization in entropy starved virtual machines shall | |
648 | be avoided.</para> | |
649 | ||
650 | <para>Note that if this option is used the seed is accessible to unprivileged programs from | |
651 | <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>. This option is hence a security risk when used outside of test | |
652 | systems, since the (possibly) only seed used for initialization of the kernel's entropy pool might be | |
653 | easily acquired by unprivileged programs.</para> | |
654 | ||
655 | <para>It is recommended to pass 512 bytes of randomized data (as that matches the Linux kernel pool | |
656 | size), which may be generated with a command like the following:</para> | |
657 | ||
658 | <programlisting>dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 status=none | base64 -w 0</programlisting> | |
659 | ||
660 | <para>Again: do not use this option outside of testing environments, it's a security risk elsewhere, | |
661 | as secret key material derived from the entropy pool can possibly be reconstructed by unprivileged | |
662 | programs.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
663 | |
664 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/> | |
18d9cee0 | 665 | </listitem> |
3753325b | 666 | </varlistentry> |
34293dfa LP |
667 | |
668 | <varlistentry> | |
669 | <term><varname>systemd.hostname=</varname></term> | |
670 | ||
671 | <listitem><para>Accepts a hostname to set during early boot. If specified takes precedence over what | |
672 | is set in <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. Note that this does not bar later runtime changes to | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
673 | the hostname, it simply controls the initial hostname set during early boot.</para> |
674 | ||
675 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
34293dfa | 676 | </varlistentry> |
4d62ee55 DDM |
677 | |
678 | <varlistentry> | |
679 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.term.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
680 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.rows.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
681 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.columns.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
682 | ||
683 | <listitem><para>These arguments allow configuring default values for <varname>$TERM</varname>, | |
684 | <varname>TTYRows=</varname>, and <varname>TTYColumns=</varname> for tty | |
153d5dfd DDM |
685 | <replaceable>tty</replaceable>. Additionally, <varname>systemd.tty.term.console</varname> will |
686 | configure the <varname>$TERM</varname> value used by <command>systemd</command> if not set explicitly | |
687 | using <varname>TERM</varname> on the kernel command line. The tty name should be specified without | |
688 | the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix (e.g. <literal>systemd.tty.rows.ttyS0=80</literal>). | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
689 | </para> |
690 | ||
691 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
4d62ee55 | 692 | </varlistentry> |
798d3a52 | 693 | </variablelist> |
7a9e0bd0 | 694 | </refsect1> |
798d3a52 | 695 | |
7a9e0bd0 ZJS |
696 | <refsect1> |
697 | <title>History</title> | |
698 | ||
699 | <variablelist> | |
700 | <varlistentry> | |
701 | <term>systemd 252</term> | |
702 | <listitem><para>Kernel command-line arguments <varname>systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy</varname> | |
703 | and <varname>systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller</varname> were deprecated. Please switch to | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
704 | the unified cgroup hierarchy.</para> |
705 | ||
706 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem> | |
7a9e0bd0 ZJS |
707 | </varlistentry> |
708 | </variablelist> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
709 | </refsect1> |
710 | ||
711 | <refsect1> | |
712 | <title>See Also</title> | |
13a69c12 DT |
713 | <para><simplelist type="inline"> |
714 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
715 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
716 | <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
717 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.system-credentials</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
718 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbios-type-11</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
719 | <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
720 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
721 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
722 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
723 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
724 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
725 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
726 | <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
727 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
728 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
729 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
730 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
731 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
732 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
733 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
734 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
735 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
736 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
737 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
738 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
739 | </simplelist></para> | |
798d3a52 | 740 | </refsect1> |
c66e7bc7 LP |
741 | |
742 | </refentry> |