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3802a3d3 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*--> |
f09114bc | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" |
12b42c76 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> |
f09114bc ZJS |
4 | |
5 | <!-- | |
572eb058 ZJS |
6 | SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ |
7 | ||
b975b0d5 | 8 | This file is part of systemd. |
f09114bc | 9 | |
b975b0d5 | 10 | Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
f09114bc | 11 | |
b975b0d5 ZJS |
12 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
13 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by | |
14 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
15 | (at your option) any later version. | |
f09114bc | 16 | |
b975b0d5 ZJS |
17 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
18 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
19 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
20 | Lesser General Public License for more details. | |
f09114bc | 21 | |
b975b0d5 ZJS |
22 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
23 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
f09114bc ZJS |
24 | --> |
25 | ||
dfdebb1b ZJS |
26 | <refentry id="systemd-run" |
27 | xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
28 | |
29 | <refentryinfo> | |
30 | <title>systemd-run</title> | |
31 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
32 | ||
33 | <authorgroup> | |
34 | <author> | |
35 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
36 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
37 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
38 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
39 | </author> | |
40 | </authorgroup> | |
41 | </refentryinfo> | |
42 | ||
43 | <refmeta> | |
44 | <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle> | |
45 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> | |
46 | </refmeta> | |
47 | ||
48 | <refnamediv> | |
49 | <refname>systemd-run</refname> | |
624dd009 | 50 | <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or path-, socket-, or timer-triggered service units</refpurpose> |
f09114bc ZJS |
51 | </refnamediv> |
52 | ||
53 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
54 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
55 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
56 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
57 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> | |
58 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
59 | </arg> | |
60 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
624dd009 YW |
61 | <cmdsynopsis> |
62 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
63 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
64 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PATH OPTIONS</arg> | |
65 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
66 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
67 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
68 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
69 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
70 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
71 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">SOCKET OPTIONS</arg> | |
72 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
73 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
74 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
4c213d6c WC |
75 | <cmdsynopsis> |
76 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
77 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
78 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg> | |
79 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
80 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
81 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
82 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
83 | ||
84 | <refsect1> | |
85 | <title>Description</title> | |
86 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
87 | <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or |
88 | <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be | |
624dd009 YW |
89 | used to create and start a transient <filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or |
90 | <filename>.timer</filename> unit, that activates a <filename>.service</filename> unit when elapsing.</para> | |
014c4c98 LP |
91 | |
92 | <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the service manager like any | |
93 | other service, and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command> like any other unit. It | |
94 | will run in a clean and detached execution environment, with the service manager as its parent process. In this | |
95 | mode, <command>systemd-run</command> will start the service asynchronously in the background and return after the | |
b03ec009 | 96 | command has begun execution (unless <option>--no-block</option> or <option>--wait</option> are specified, see |
014c4c98 LP |
97 | below).</para> |
98 | ||
99 | <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be executed by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as | |
100 | parent process and will thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. However, the processes of the command | |
101 | are managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in the output of <command>systemctl | |
102 | list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command finishes. This | |
103 | mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option> switch (see below). </para> | |
104 | ||
624dd009 YW |
105 | <para>If a command is run with path, socket, or timer options such as <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), |
106 | a transient path, socket, or timer unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified command. Only the | |
107 | transient path, socket, or timer unit is started immediately, the transient service unit will be triggered by the | |
108 | path, socket, or timer unit. If the <option>--unit=</option> option is specified, the | |
109 | <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case, <command>systemd-run</command> creates only a | |
110 | <filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or <filename>.timer</filename> unit that triggers the | |
111 | specified unit.</para> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
112 | </refsect1> |
113 | ||
114 | <refsect1> | |
115 | <title>Options</title> | |
116 | ||
117 | <para>The following options are understood:</para> | |
118 | ||
119 | <variablelist> | |
8c7db2fb EV |
120 | <varlistentry> |
121 | <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term> | |
122 | ||
123 | <listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for | |
124 | privileged operations.</para></listitem> | |
125 | </varlistentry> | |
126 | ||
f09114bc ZJS |
127 | <varlistentry> |
128 | <term><option>--scope</option></term> | |
129 | ||
130 | <listitem> | |
014c4c98 LP |
131 | <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of the default transient |
132 | <filename>.service</filename> unit (see above). | |
f09114bc ZJS |
133 | </para> |
134 | </listitem> | |
135 | </varlistentry> | |
136 | ||
137 | <varlistentry> | |
138 | <term><option>--unit=</option></term> | |
139 | ||
140 | <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically | |
141 | generated one.</para></listitem> | |
142 | </varlistentry> | |
143 | ||
df31a6c0 LP |
144 | <varlistentry> |
145 | <term><option>--property=</option></term> | |
146 | <term><option>-p</option></term> | |
147 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
148 | <listitem><para>Sets a property on the scope or service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment |
149 | in the same format as | |
df31a6c0 LP |
150 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
151 | <command>set-property</command> command.</para> | |
152 | </listitem> | |
153 | </varlistentry> | |
154 | ||
f09114bc ZJS |
155 | <varlistentry> |
156 | <term><option>--description=</option></term> | |
157 | ||
624dd009 YW |
158 | <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service, scope, path, socket, or timer unit. If not specified, |
159 | the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in | |
f09114bc ZJS |
160 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
161 | </para></listitem> | |
162 | </varlistentry> | |
163 | ||
164 | <varlistentry> | |
165 | <term><option>--slice=</option></term> | |
166 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
167 | <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the |
168 | specified slice, instead of <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
169 | </listitem> |
170 | </varlistentry> | |
6577c7ce LP |
171 | |
172 | <varlistentry> | |
173 | <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term> | |
174 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
175 | <listitem><para>After the service process has terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly |
176 | stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service after it finished running. Also see | |
6577c7ce LP |
177 | <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in |
178 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
179 | </para> | |
180 | </listitem> | |
181 | </varlistentry> | |
a6c0353b LP |
182 | |
183 | <varlistentry> | |
184 | <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term> | |
185 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
186 | <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is |
187 | useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been severed. Also see | |
981ee551 | 188 | <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in |
a6c0353b LP |
189 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
190 | </para> | |
191 | </listitem> | |
192 | </varlistentry> | |
dfdebb1b | 193 | |
981ee551 LP |
194 | <varlistentry> |
195 | <term><option>--service-type=</option></term> | |
196 | ||
197 | <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see | |
198 | <varname>Type=</varname> in | |
199 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This | |
200 | option has no effect in conjunction with | |
201 | <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to | |
202 | <constant>simple</constant>.</para> | |
203 | </listitem> | |
204 | </varlistentry> | |
205 | ||
206 | <varlistentry> | |
207 | <term><option>--uid=</option></term> | |
208 | <term><option>--gid=</option></term> | |
209 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
210 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the specified UNIX user and group. Also see |
211 | <varname>User=</varname> and <varname>Group=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 212 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
981ee551 LP |
213 | </listitem> |
214 | </varlistentry> | |
215 | ||
216 | <varlistentry> | |
217 | <term><option>--nice=</option></term> | |
218 | ||
219 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified | |
220 | nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 221 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
981ee551 LP |
222 | </listitem> |
223 | </varlistentry> | |
224 | ||
225 | <varlistentry> | |
b5911366 ZJS |
226 | <term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> |
227 | <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> | |
981ee551 | 228 | |
b5911366 ZJS |
229 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set. |
230 | Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 231 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
981ee551 LP |
232 | </listitem> |
233 | </varlistentry> | |
234 | ||
9b15b784 LP |
235 | <varlistentry> |
236 | <term><option>--pty</option></term> | |
237 | <term><option>-t</option></term> | |
238 | ||
5dca7739 LP |
239 | <listitem><para>When invoking the command, the transient service connects its standard input, output and error |
240 | to the terminal <command>systemd-run</command> is invoked on, via a pseudo TTY device. This allows running | |
156d6036 | 241 | programs that expect interactive user input/output as services, such as interactive command shells.</para> |
7f129a1f LP |
242 | |
243 | <para>Note that | |
244 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s | |
245 | <command>shell</command> command is usually a better alternative for requesting a new, interactive login | |
5dca7739 LP |
246 | session on the local host or a local container.</para> |
247 | ||
248 | <para>See below for details on how this switch combines with <option>--pipe</option>.</para></listitem> | |
249 | </varlistentry> | |
250 | ||
251 | <varlistentry> | |
252 | <term><option>--pipe</option></term> | |
253 | <term><option>-P</option></term> | |
254 | ||
255 | <listitem><para>If specified, standard input, output, and error of the transient service are inherited from the | |
156d6036 ZJS |
256 | <command>systemd-run</command> command itself. This allows <command>systemd-run</command> |
257 | to be used within shell pipelines. | |
258 | Note that this mode is not suitable for interactive command shells and similar, as the | |
960d20e1 | 259 | service process will not become a TTY controller when invoked on a terminal. Use <option>--pty</option> instead |
5dca7739 LP |
260 | in that case.</para> |
261 | ||
262 | <para>When both <option>--pipe</option> and <option>--pty</option> are used in combination the more appropriate | |
263 | option is automatically determined and used. Specifically, when invoked with standard input, output and error | |
b0e8cec2 LP |
264 | connected to a TTY <option>--pty</option> is used, and otherwise <option>--pipe</option>.</para> |
265 | ||
266 | <para>When this option is used the original file descriptors <command>systemd-run</command> receives are passed | |
267 | to the service processes as-is. If the service runs with different privileges than | |
268 | <command>systemd-run</command>, this means the service might not be able to re-open the passed file | |
269 | descriptors, due to normal file descriptor access restrictions. If the invoked process is a shell script that | |
270 | uses the <command>echo "hello" > /dev/stderr</command> construct for writing messages to stderr, this might | |
271 | cause problems, as this only works if stderr can be re-opened. To mitigate this use the construct <command>echo | |
272 | "hello" >&2</command> instead, which is mostly equivalent and avoids this pitfall.</para></listitem> | |
9b15b784 | 273 | </varlistentry> |
88ae7333 | 274 | |
095dc596 LP |
275 | <varlistentry> |
276 | <term><option>--quiet</option></term> | |
277 | <term><option>-q</option></term> | |
278 | ||
279 | <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output | |
280 | while running. This is particularly useful in combination with | |
281 | <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial | |
282 | message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem> | |
283 | </varlistentry> | |
284 | ||
4c213d6c WC |
285 | <varlistentry> |
286 | <term><option>--on-active=</option></term> | |
287 | <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term> | |
288 | <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term> | |
289 | <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term> | |
290 | <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term> | |
291 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
292 | <listitem><para>Defines a monotonic timer relative to different starting points for starting the specified |
293 | command. See <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>, | |
294 | <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in | |
295 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
624dd009 YW |
296 | details. These options are shortcuts for <command>--timer-property=</command> with the relevant properties. |
297 | These options may not be combined with <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
4c213d6c WC |
298 | </listitem> |
299 | </varlistentry> | |
300 | ||
301 | <varlistentry> | |
302 | <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term> | |
303 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
304 | <listitem><para>Defines a calendar timer for starting the specified command. See <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> |
305 | in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This | |
624dd009 YW |
306 | option is a shortcut for <command>--timer-property=OnCalendar=</command>. This option may not be combined with |
307 | <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
4c213d6c WC |
308 | </listitem> |
309 | </varlistentry> | |
310 | ||
311 | <varlistentry> | |
624dd009 YW |
312 | <term><option>--path-property=</option></term> |
313 | <term><option>--socket-property=</option></term> | |
4c213d6c WC |
314 | <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term> |
315 | ||
624dd009 YW |
316 | <listitem><para>Sets a property on the path, socket, or timer unit that is created. This option is similar to |
317 | <option>--property=</option> but applies to the transient path, socket, or timer unit rather than the | |
318 | transient service unit created. This option takes an assignment in the same format as | |
319 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s | |
320 | <command>set-property</command> command. These options may not be combined with | |
321 | <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
322 | </listitem> | |
4c213d6c WC |
323 | </varlistentry> |
324 | ||
3d161f99 LP |
325 | <varlistentry> |
326 | <term><option>--no-block</option></term> | |
327 | ||
328 | <listitem> | |
014c4c98 LP |
329 | <para>Do not synchronously wait for the unit start operation to finish. If this option is not specified, the |
330 | start request for the transient unit will be verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will wait | |
331 | until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This | |
332 | option may not be combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para> | |
3d161f99 LP |
333 | </listitem> |
334 | </varlistentry> | |
335 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
336 | <varlistentry> |
337 | <term><option>--wait</option></term> | |
338 | ||
339 | <listitem><para>Synchronously wait for the transient service to terminate. If this option is specified, the | |
340 | start request for the transient unit is verified, enqueued, and waited for. Subsequently the invoked unit is | |
341 | monitored, and it is waited until it is deactivated again (most likely because the specified command | |
342 | completed). On exit, terse information about the unit's runtime is shown, including total runtime (as well as | |
343 | CPU usage, if <option>--property=CPUAccounting=1</option> was set) and the exit code and status of the main | |
344 | process. This output may be suppressed with <option>--quiet</option>. This option may not be combined with | |
624dd009 | 345 | <option>--no-block</option>, <option>--scope</option> or the various path, socket, or timer options.</para></listitem> |
014c4c98 LP |
346 | </varlistentry> |
347 | ||
fe9d0be9 LP |
348 | <varlistentry> |
349 | <term><option>-G</option></term> | |
350 | <term><option>--collect</option></term> | |
351 | ||
352 | <listitem><para>Unload the transient unit after it completed, even if it failed. Normally, without this option, | |
353 | all units that ran and failed are kept in memory until the user explicitly resets their failure state with | |
354 | <command>systemctl reset-failed</command> or an equivalent command. On the other hand, units that ran | |
355 | successfully are unloaded immediately. If this option is turned on the "garbage collection" of units is more | |
356 | aggressive, and unloads units regardless if they exited successfully or failed. This option is a shortcut for | |
357 | <command>--property=CollectMode=inactive-or-failed</command>, see the explanation for | |
358 | <varname>CollectMode=</varname> in | |
359 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further | |
360 | information.</para></listitem> | |
361 | </varlistentry> | |
362 | ||
9b15b784 LP |
363 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> |
364 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> | |
365 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> | |
366 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> | |
367 | ||
dfdebb1b ZJS |
368 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> |
369 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
370 | </variablelist> |
371 | ||
81c7dd89 | 372 | <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option |
3f85ef0f | 373 | argument become part of the command line of the launched |
3f2d1365 AJ |
374 | process. If a command is run as service unit, the first argument |
375 | needs to be an absolute program path.</para> | |
f09114bc ZJS |
376 | </refsect1> |
377 | ||
378 | <refsect1> | |
379 | <title>Exit status</title> | |
380 | ||
381 | <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure | |
382 | code otherwise.</para> | |
383 | </refsect1> | |
384 | ||
c9d954b2 | 385 | <refsect1> |
df31a6c0 | 386 | <title>Examples</title> |
c9d954b2 | 387 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
388 | <example> |
389 | <title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title> | |
c9d954b2 | 390 | |
4eac7f5c | 391 | <programlisting># systemd-run env |
f3ea87af | 392 | Running as unit: run-19945.service |
c9d954b2 ZJS |
393 | # journalctl -u run-19945.service |
394 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env... | |
395 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env. | |
396 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin | |
397 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 | |
9fccdb0f | 398 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting> |
4eac7f5c | 399 | </example> |
df31a6c0 | 400 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
401 | <example> |
402 | <title>Limiting resources available to a command</title> | |
df31a6c0 | 403 | |
4eac7f5c | 404 | <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting> |
4c213d6c | 405 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
406 | <para>This command invokes the |
407 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
408 | tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See | |
409 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
410 | for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> | |
411 | property.</para> | |
412 | </example> | |
4c213d6c | 413 | |
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414 | <example> |
415 | <title>Running commands at a specified time</title> | |
416 | ||
417 | <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para> | |
418 | ||
419 | <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo | |
4c213d6c | 420 | Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014 |
f3ea87af ILG |
421 | Running as unit: run-71.timer |
422 | Will run service as unit: run-71.service | |
85fb8031 | 423 | # journalctl -b -u run-71.timer |
4c213d6c WC |
424 | -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
425 | Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo. | |
426 | Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo. | |
85fb8031 | 427 | # journalctl -b -u run-71.service |
4c213d6c WC |
428 | -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
429 | Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo... | |
430 | Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting> | |
4eac7f5c | 431 | </example> |
9b15b784 | 432 | |
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433 | <example> |
434 | <title>Allowing access to the tty</title> | |
9b15b784 | 435 | |
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436 | <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> as a service |
437 | passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para> | |
9b15b784 | 438 | |
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439 | <programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting> |
440 | </example> | |
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441 | |
442 | <example> | |
443 | <title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title> | |
444 | ||
445 | <programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen | |
446 | Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope. | |
447 | ||
448 | $ screen -ls | |
449 | There is a screen on: | |
450 | 492..laptop (Detached) | |
451 | 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima. | |
452 | </programlisting> | |
453 | ||
454 | <para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the | |
455 | <command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by | |
456 | <filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A | |
457 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
458 | unit is used instead of a | |
459 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
460 | unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal, | |
461 | and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command> | |
462 | as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope. | |
463 | If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in | |
464 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
465 | the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs | |
466 | out of that session.</para> | |
467 | ||
468 | <para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically | |
469 | when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one | |
470 | login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session, | |
471 | <filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it | |
2dd67817 | 472 | are terminated. This behavior is the default, when "lingering" is |
65eb37f8 ZJS |
473 | not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that |
474 | <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during | |
475 | boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is | |
476 | not terminated when the user logs out.</para> | |
477 | ||
478 | <para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in, | |
479 | for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out, | |
480 | even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can | |
481 | enable lingering for themselves:</para> | |
482 | ||
483 | <programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting> | |
484 | </example> | |
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485 | </refsect1> |
486 | ||
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487 | <refsect1> |
488 | <title>See Also</title> | |
489 | <para> | |
490 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
3803cde4 | 491 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
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492 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
493 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
494 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
d21ed1ea | 495 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
df31a6c0 LP |
496 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
497 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
4c213d6c | 498 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
450442cf | 499 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
d21ed1ea | 500 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
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501 | </para> |
502 | </refsect1> | |
503 | ||
504 | </refentry> |