Various pages: EXAMPLES: Use <err.h> functions

[thirdparty/man-pages.git] / man3 / pthread_getattr_np.3

.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP 3 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
.SH NAME
pthread_getattr_np \- get attributes of created thread
.SH LIBRARY
POSIX threads library
.RI ( libpthread ", " \-lpthread )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "             /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
.B #include <pthread.h>
.PP
.BI "int pthread_getattr_np(pthread_t " thread ", pthread_attr_t *" attr );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.BR pthread_getattr_np ()
function initializes the thread attributes object referred to by
.I attr
so that it contains actual attribute values describing the running thread
.IR thread .
.PP
The returned attribute values may differ from
the corresponding attribute values passed in the
.I attr
object that was used to create the thread using
.BR pthread_create (3).
In particular, the following attributes may differ:
.IP * 2
the detach state, since a joinable thread may have detached itself
after creation;
.IP *
the stack size,
which the implementation may align to a suitable boundary.
.IP *
and the guard size,
which the implementation may round upward to a multiple of the page size,
or ignore (i.e., treat as 0),
if the application is allocating its own stack.
.PP
Furthermore, if the stack address attribute was not set
in the thread attributes object used to create the thread,
then the returned thread attributes object will report the actual
stack address that the implementation selected for the thread.
.PP
When the thread attributes object returned by
.BR pthread_getattr_np ()
is no longer required, it should be destroyed using
.BR pthread_attr_destroy (3).
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, this function returns 0;
on error, it returns a nonzero error number.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\" Can happen (but unlikely) while trying to allocate memory for cpuset
Insufficient memory.
.PP
In addition, if
.I thread
refers to the main thread, then
.BR pthread_getattr_np ()
can fail because of errors from various underlying calls:
.BR fopen (3),
if
.I /proc/self/maps
can't be opened;
and
.BR getrlimit (2),
if the
.B RLIMIT_STACK
resource limit is not supported.
.SH VERSIONS
This function is available in glibc since version 2.2.3.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.ad l
.nh
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface	Attribute	Value
T{
.BR pthread_getattr_np ()
T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe
.TE
.hy
.ad
.sp 1
.SH STANDARDS
This function is a nonstandard GNU extension;
hence the suffix "_np" (nonportable) in the name.
.SH EXAMPLES
The program below demonstrates the use of
.BR pthread_getattr_np ().
The program creates a thread that then uses
.BR pthread_getattr_np ()
to retrieve and display its guard size, stack address,
and stack size attributes.
Command-line arguments can be used to set these attributes
to values other than the default when creating the thread.
The shell sessions below demonstrate the use of the program.
.PP
In the first run, on an x86-32 system,
a thread is created using default attributes:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
.RB "$" " ulimit \-s" "      # No stack limit ==> default stack size is 2 MB"
unlimited
.RB "$" " ./a.out"
Attributes of created thread:
        Guard size          = 4096 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x40196000 (EOS = 0x40397000)
        Stack size          = 0x201000 (2101248) bytes
.EE
.in
.PP
In the following run, we see that if a guard size is specified,
it is rounded up to the next multiple of the system page size
(4096 bytes on x86-32):
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
.RB "$" " ./a.out \-g 4097"
Thread attributes object after initializations:
        Guard size          = 4097 bytes
        Stack address       = (nil)
        Stack size          = 0x0 (0) bytes

Attributes of created thread:
        Guard size          = 8192 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x40196000 (EOS = 0x40397000)
        Stack size          = 0x201000 (2101248) bytes
.EE
.in
.\".in +4n
.\".nf
.\"$ ./a.out \-s 0x8000
.\"Thread attributes object after initializations:
.\"        Guard size          = 4096 bytes
.\"        Stack address       = 0xffff8000 (EOS = (nil))
.\"        Stack size          = 0x8000 (32768) bytes
.\"
.\"Attributes of created thread:
.\"        Guard size          = 4096 bytes
.\"        Stack address       = 0x4001e000 (EOS = 0x40026000)
.\"        Stack size          = 0x8000 (32768) bytes
.\".fi
.\".in
.PP
In the last run, the program manually allocates a stack for the thread.
In this case, the guard size attribute is ignored.
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
.RB "$" " ./a.out \-g 4096 \-s 0x8000 \-a"
Allocated thread stack at 0x804d000

Thread attributes object after initializations:
        Guard size          = 4096 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x804d000 (EOS = 0x8055000)
        Stack size          = 0x8000 (32768) bytes

Attributes of created thread:
        Guard size          = 0 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x804d000 (EOS = 0x8055000)
        Stack size          = 0x8000 (32768) bytes
.EE
.in
.SS Program source
\&
.\" SRC BEGIN (pthread_getattr_np.c)
.EX
#define _GNU_SOURCE     /* To get pthread_getattr_np() declaration */
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static void
display_stack_related_attributes(pthread_attr_t *attr, char *prefix)
{
    int s;
    size_t stack_size, guard_size;
    void *stack_addr;

    s = pthread_attr_getguardsize(attr, &guard_size);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getguardsize");
    printf("%sGuard size          = %zu bytes\en", prefix, guard_size);

    s = pthread_attr_getstack(attr, &stack_addr, &stack_size);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getstack");
    printf("%sStack address       = %p", prefix, stack_addr);
    if (stack_size > 0)
        printf(" (EOS = %p)", (char *) stack_addr + stack_size);
    printf("\en");
    printf("%sStack size          = %#zx (%zu) bytes\en",
           prefix, stack_size, stack_size);
}

static void
display_thread_attributes(pthread_t thread, char *prefix)
{
    int s;
    pthread_attr_t attr;

    s = pthread_getattr_np(thread, &attr);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_getattr_np");

    display_stack_related_attributes(&attr, prefix);

    s = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_destroy");
}

static void *           /* Start function for thread we create */
thread_start(void *arg)
{
    printf("Attributes of created thread:\en");
    display_thread_attributes(pthread_self(), "\et");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);         /* Terminate all threads */
}

static void
usage(char *pname, char *msg)
{
    if (msg != NULL)
        fputs(msg, stderr);
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-s stack\-size [\-a]]"
            " [\-g guard\-size]\en", pname);
    fprintf(stderr, "\et\et\-a means program should allocate stack\en");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

static pthread_attr_t *   /* Get thread attributes from command line */
get_thread_attributes_from_cl(int argc, char *argv[],
                              pthread_attr_t *attrp)
{
    int s, opt, allocate_stack;
    size_t stack_size, guard_size;
    void *stack_addr;
    pthread_attr_t *ret_attrp = NULL;   /* Set to attrp if we initialize
                                           a thread attributes object */
    allocate_stack = 0;
    stack_size = \-1;
    guard_size = \-1;

    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ag:s:")) != \-1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case \(aqa\(aq:   allocate_stack = 1;                     break;
        case \(aqg\(aq:   guard_size = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);  break;
        case \(aqs\(aq:   stack_size = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);  break;
        default:    usage(argv[0], NULL);
        }
    }

    if (allocate_stack && stack_size == \-1)
        usage(argv[0], "Specifying \-a without \-s makes no sense\en");

    if (argc > optind)
        usage(argv[0], "Extraneous command\-line arguments\en");

    if (stack_size >= 0 || guard_size > 0) {
        ret_attrp = attrp;

        s = pthread_attr_init(attrp);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_init");
    }

    if (stack_size >= 0) {
        if (!allocate_stack) {
            s = pthread_attr_setstacksize(attrp, stack_size);
            if (s != 0)
                errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize");
        } else {
            s = posix_memalign(&stack_addr, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE),
                               stack_size);
            if (s != 0)
                errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "posix_memalign");
            printf("Allocated thread stack at %p\en\en", stack_addr);

            s = pthread_attr_setstack(attrp, stack_addr, stack_size);
            if (s != 0)
                errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize");
        }
    }

    if (guard_size >= 0) {
        s = pthread_attr_setguardsize(attrp, guard_size);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize");
    }

    return ret_attrp;
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int s;
    pthread_t thr;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    pthread_attr_t *attrp = NULL;    /* Set to &attr if we initialize
                                        a thread attributes object */

    attrp = get_thread_attributes_from_cl(argc, argv, &attr);

    if (attrp != NULL) {
        printf("Thread attributes object after initializations:\en");
        display_stack_related_attributes(attrp, "\et");
        printf("\en");
    }

    s = pthread_create(&thr, attrp, &thread_start, NULL);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_create");

    if (attrp != NULL) {
        s = pthread_attr_destroy(attrp);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_destroy");
    }

    pause();    /* Terminates when other thread calls exit() */
}
.EE
.\" SRC END
.SH SEE ALSO
.ad l
.nh
.BR pthread_attr_getaffinity_np (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getdetachstate (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getguardsize (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getinheritsched (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getschedparam (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getschedpolicy (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getscope (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getstack (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getstackaddr (3),
.BR pthread_attr_getstacksize (3),
.BR pthread_attr_init (3),
.BR pthread_create (3),
.BR pthreads (7)