Documentation/git-pull.txt

   1 git-pull(1)
   2 ===========
   3
   4 NAME
   5 ----
   6 git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   7
   8
   9 SYNOPSIS
  10 --------
  11 [verse]
  12 'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
  13
  14
  15 DESCRIPTION
  16 -----------
  17
  18 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch.
  19 If the current branch is behind the remote, then by default it will
  20 fast-forward the current branch to match the remote.  If the current
  21 branch and the remote have diverged, the user needs to specify how to
  22 reconcile the divergent branches with `--rebase` or `--no-rebase` (or
  23 the corresponding configuration option in `pull.rebase`).
  24
  25 More precisely, `git pull` runs `git fetch` with the given parameters
  26 and then depending on configuration options or command line flags,
  27 will call either `git rebase` or `git merge` to reconcile diverging
  28 branches.
  29
  30 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
  31 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1].  <refspec> can name an
  32 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
  33 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
  34 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
  35 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
  36
  37 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
  38 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
  39 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
  40
  41 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
  42 "`master`":
  43
  44 ------------
  45           A---B---C master on origin
  46          /
  47     D---E---F---G master
  48         ^
  49         origin/master in your repository
  50 ------------
  51
  52 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
  53 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
  54 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
  55 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
  56 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
  57
  58 ------------
  59           A---B---C origin/master
  60          /         \
  61     D---E---F---G---H master
  62 ------------
  63
  64 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
  65 are presented and handled.
  66
  67 In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
  68 `git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
  69 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
  70 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
  71
  72 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
  73 the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched.
  74 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
  75 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
  76
  77 OPTIONS
  78 -------
  79
  80 -q::
  81 --quiet::
  82         This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
  83         during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
  84         merging.
  85
  86 -v::
  87 --verbose::
  88         Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
  89
  90 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
  91         This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should
  92         be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be
  93         updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and
  94         linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
  95 +
  96 If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.
  97 +
  98 If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out.
  99
 100 Options related to merging
 101 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 102
 103 :git-pull: 1
 104
 105 include::merge-options.txt[]
 106
 107 -r::
 108 --rebase[=false|true|merges|preserve|interactive]::
 109         When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
 110         branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
 111         corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
 112         was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
 113         to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
 114 +
 115 When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that
 116 the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
 117 linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
 118 +
 119 When set to `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), rebase with the
 120 `--preserve-merges` option passed to `git rebase` so that locally created
 121 merge commits will not be flattened.
 122 +
 123 When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch.
 124 +
 125 When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
 126 +
 127 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
 128 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
 129 `--rebase` instead of merging.
 130 +
 131 [NOTE]
 132 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
 133 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
 134 published that history already.  Do *not* use this option
 135 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
 136
 137 --no-rebase::
 138         This is shorthand for --rebase=false.
 139
 140 Options related to fetching
 141 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 142
 143 include::fetch-options.txt[]
 144
 145 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
 146
 147 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 148
 149 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 150
 151 DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
 152 -----------------
 153
 154 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
 155 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
 156 origin`.  However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
 157 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
 158 `origin`.
 159
 160 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
 161 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
 162 and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line
 163 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used.
 164
 165 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
 166 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
 167 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
 168 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
 169 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
 170 is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used.
 171 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
 172 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
 173
 174 ------------
 175 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 176 ------------
 177
 178 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
 179 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
 180 must end with `/*`.  The above specifies that all remote
 181 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
 182 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
 183
 184 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
 185 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
 186 compatibility.
 187
 188 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
 189 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
 190
 191 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
 192 uses the refspec from the configuration or
 193 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`.  In such cases, the following
 194 rules apply:
 195
 196 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
 197   branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
 198   remote site that is merged.
 199
 200 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
 201
 202 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
 203
 204
 205 EXAMPLES
 206 --------
 207
 208 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
 209   you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
 210   current branch:
 211 +
 212 ------------------------------------------------
 213 $ git pull
 214 $ git pull origin
 215 ------------------------------------------------
 216 +
 217 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
 218 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
 219 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 220
 221 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
 222 +
 223 ------------------------------------------------
 224 $ git pull origin next
 225 ------------------------------------------------
 226 +
 227 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and
 228 updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`.
 229 The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
 230 +
 231 ------------------------------------------------
 232 $ git fetch origin
 233 $ git merge origin/next
 234 ------------------------------------------------
 235
 236
 237 If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 238 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 239
 240
 241 include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
 242
 243 BUGS
 244 ----
 245 Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 246 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 247 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be
 248 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
 249 having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 250 version.
 251
 252 SEE ALSO
 253 --------
 254 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
 255
 256 GIT
 257 ---
 258 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite