apps/enc.c

   1 /* apps/enc.c */
   2 /* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
   3  * All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This package is an SSL implementation written
   6  * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
   7  * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
   8  *
   9  * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
  10  * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
  11  * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
  12  * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
  13  * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
  14  * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
  15  *
  16  * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
  17  * the code are not to be removed.
  18  * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
  19  * as the author of the parts of the library used.
  20  * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
  21  * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
  22  *
  23  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  24  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  25  * are met:
  26  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
  27  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  28  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  29  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  30  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  31  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  32  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  33  *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
  34  *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
  35  *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
  36  *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
  37  * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
  38  *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
  39  *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
  40  *
  41  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
  42  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  43  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  44  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  45  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  46  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  47  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  48  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  49  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  50  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  51  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  52  *
  53  * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
  54  * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
  55  * copied and put under another distribution licence
  56  * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
  57  */
  58
  59 #include <stdio.h>
  60 #include <stdlib.h>
  61 #include <string.h>
  62 #include "apps.h"
  63 #include <openssl/bio.h>
  64 #include <openssl/err.h>
  65 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  66 #include <openssl/objects.h>
  67 #include <openssl/x509.h>
  68 #include <openssl/rand.h>
  69 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  70 #include <ctype.h>
  71
  72 int set_hex(char *in,unsigned char *out,int size);
  73 #undef SIZE
  74 #undef BSIZE
  75 #undef PROG
  76
  77 #define SIZE    (512)
  78 #define BSIZE   (8*1024)
  79 #define PROG    enc_main
  80
  81 static void show_ciphers(const OBJ_NAME *name,void *bio_)
  82         {
  83         BIO *bio=bio_;
  84         static int n;
  85
  86         if(!islower((unsigned char)*name->name))
  87                 return;
  88
  89         BIO_printf(bio,"-%-25s",name->name);
  90         if(++n == 3)
  91                 {
  92                 BIO_printf(bio,"\n");
  93                 n=0;
  94                 }
  95         else
  96                 BIO_printf(bio," ");
  97         }
  98
  99 int MAIN(int, char **);
 100
 101 int MAIN(int argc, char **argv)
 102         {
 103 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 104         ENGINE *e = NULL;
 105 #endif
 106         static const char magic[]="Salted__";
 107         char mbuf[sizeof magic-1];
 108         char *strbuf=NULL;
 109         unsigned char *buff=NULL,*bufsize=NULL;
 110         int bsize=BSIZE,verbose=0;
 111         int ret=1,inl;
 112         int nopad = 0;
 113         unsigned char key[EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH],iv[EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH];
 114         unsigned char salt[PKCS5_SALT_LEN];
 115         char *str=NULL, *passarg = NULL, *pass = NULL;
 116         char *hkey=NULL,*hiv=NULL,*hsalt = NULL;
 117         int enc=1,printkey=0,i,base64=0;
 118         int debug=0,olb64=0,nosalt=0;
 119         const EVP_CIPHER *cipher=NULL,*c;
 120         char *inf=NULL,*outf=NULL;
 121         BIO *in=NULL,*out=NULL,*b64=NULL,*benc=NULL,*rbio=NULL,*wbio=NULL;
 122 #define PROG_NAME_SIZE  39
 123         char pname[PROG_NAME_SIZE+1];
 124 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 125         char *engine = NULL;
 126 #endif
 127
 128         apps_startup();
 129
 130         if (bio_err == NULL)
 131                 if ((bio_err=BIO_new(BIO_s_file())) != NULL)
 132                         BIO_set_fp(bio_err,stderr,BIO_NOCLOSE|BIO_FP_TEXT);
 133
 134         if (!load_config(bio_err, NULL))
 135                 goto end;
 136
 137         /* first check the program name */
 138         program_name(argv[0],pname,sizeof pname);
 139         if (strcmp(pname,"base64") == 0)
 140                 base64=1;
 141
 142         cipher=EVP_get_cipherbyname(pname);
 143         if (!base64 && (cipher == NULL) && (strcmp(pname,"enc") != 0))
 144                 {
 145                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"%s is an unknown cipher\n",pname);
 146                 goto bad;
 147                 }
 148
 149         argc--;
 150         argv++;
 151         while (argc >= 1)
 152                 {
 153                 if      (strcmp(*argv,"-e") == 0)
 154                         enc=1;
 155                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-in") == 0)
 156                         {
 157                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 158                         inf= *(++argv);
 159                         }
 160                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-out") == 0)
 161                         {
 162                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 163                         outf= *(++argv);
 164                         }
 165                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-pass") == 0)
 166                         {
 167                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 168                         passarg= *(++argv);
 169                         }
 170 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 171                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-engine") == 0)
 172                         {
 173                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 174                         engine= *(++argv);
 175                         }
 176 #endif
 177                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-d") == 0)
 178                         enc=0;
 179                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-p") == 0)
 180                         printkey=1;
 181                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-v") == 0)
 182                         verbose=1;
 183                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-nopad") == 0)
 184                         nopad=1;
 185                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-salt") == 0)
 186                         nosalt=0;
 187                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-nosalt") == 0)
 188                         nosalt=1;
 189                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-debug") == 0)
 190                         debug=1;
 191                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-P") == 0)
 192                         printkey=2;
 193                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-A") == 0)
 194                         olb64=1;
 195                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-a") == 0)
 196                         base64=1;
 197                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-base64") == 0)
 198                         base64=1;
 199                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-bufsize") == 0)
 200                         {
 201                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 202                         bufsize=(unsigned char *)*(++argv);
 203                         }
 204                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-k") == 0)
 205                         {
 206                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 207                         str= *(++argv);
 208                         }
 209                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-kfile") == 0)
 210                         {
 211                         static char buf[128];
 212                         FILE *infile;
 213                         char *file;
 214
 215                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 216                         file= *(++argv);
 217                         infile=fopen(file,"r");
 218                         if (infile == NULL)
 219                                 {
 220                                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"unable to read key from '%s'\n",
 221                                         file);
 222                                 goto bad;
 223                                 }
 224                         buf[0]='\0';
 225                         fgets(buf,sizeof buf,infile);
 226                         fclose(infile);
 227                         i=strlen(buf);
 228                         if ((i > 0) &&
 229                                 ((buf[i-1] == '\n') || (buf[i-1] == '\r')))
 230                                 buf[--i]='\0';
 231                         if ((i > 0) &&
 232                                 ((buf[i-1] == '\n') || (buf[i-1] == '\r')))
 233                                 buf[--i]='\0';
 234                         if (i < 1)
 235                                 {
 236                                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"zero length password\n");
 237                                 goto bad;
 238                                 }
 239                         str=buf;
 240                         }
 241                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-K") == 0)
 242                         {
 243                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 244                         hkey= *(++argv);
 245                         }
 246                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-S") == 0)
 247                         {
 248                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 249                         hsalt= *(++argv);
 250                         }
 251                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-iv") == 0)
 252                         {
 253                         if (--argc < 1) goto bad;
 254                         hiv= *(++argv);
 255                         }
 256                 else if ((argv[0][0] == '-') &&
 257                         ((c=EVP_get_cipherbyname(&(argv[0][1]))) != NULL))
 258                         {
 259                         cipher=c;
 260                         }
 261                 else if (strcmp(*argv,"-none") == 0)
 262                         cipher=NULL;
 263                 else
 264                         {
 265                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"unknown option '%s'\n",*argv);
 266 bad:
 267                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"options are\n");
 268                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s input file\n","-in <file>");
 269                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s output file\n","-out <file>");
 270                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s pass phrase source\n","-pass <arg>");
 271                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s encrypt\n","-e");
 272                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s decrypt\n","-d");
 273                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s base64 encode/decode, depending on encryption flag\n","-a/-base64");
 274                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s key is the next argument\n","-k");
 275                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s key is the first line of the file argument\n","-kfile");
 276                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s key/iv in hex is the next argument\n","-K/-iv");
 277                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s print the iv/key (then exit if -P)\n","-[pP]");
 278                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s buffer size\n","-bufsize <n>");
 279 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 280                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"%-14s use engine e, possibly a hardware device.\n","-engine e");
 281 #endif
 282
 283                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"Cipher Types\n");
 284                         OBJ_NAME_do_all_sorted(OBJ_NAME_TYPE_CIPHER_METH,
 285                                                show_ciphers,
 286                                                bio_err);
 287                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"\n");
 288
 289                         goto end;
 290                         }
 291                 argc--;
 292                 argv++;
 293                 }
 294
 295 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 296         e = setup_engine(bio_err, engine, 0);
 297 #endif
 298
 299         if (bufsize != NULL)
 300                 {
 301                 unsigned long n;
 302
 303                 for (n=0; *bufsize; bufsize++)
 304                         {
 305                         i= *bufsize;
 306                         if ((i <= '9') && (i >= '0'))
 307                                 n=n*10+i-'0';
 308                         else if (i == 'k')
 309                                 {
 310                                 n*=1024;
 311                                 bufsize++;
 312                                 break;
 313                                 }
 314                         }
 315                 if (*bufsize != '\0')
 316                         {
 317                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"invalid 'bufsize' specified.\n");
 318                         goto end;
 319                         }
 320
 321                 /* It must be large enough for a base64 encoded line */
 322                 if (n < 80) n=80;
 323
 324                 bsize=(int)n;
 325                 if (verbose) BIO_printf(bio_err,"bufsize=%d\n",bsize);
 326                 }
 327
 328         strbuf=OPENSSL_malloc(SIZE);
 329         buff=(unsigned char *)OPENSSL_malloc(EVP_ENCODE_LENGTH(bsize));
 330         if ((buff == NULL) || (strbuf == NULL))
 331                 {
 332                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"OPENSSL_malloc failure %ld\n",(long)EVP_ENCODE_LENGTH(bsize));
 333                 goto end;
 334                 }
 335
 336         in=BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
 337         out=BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
 338         if ((in == NULL) || (out == NULL))
 339                 {
 340                 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
 341                 goto end;
 342                 }
 343         if (debug)
 344                 {
 345                 BIO_set_callback(in,BIO_debug_callback);
 346                 BIO_set_callback(out,BIO_debug_callback);
 347                 BIO_set_callback_arg(in,bio_err);
 348                 BIO_set_callback_arg(out,bio_err);
 349                 }
 350
 351         if (inf == NULL)
 352                 BIO_set_fp(in,stdin,BIO_NOCLOSE);
 353         else
 354                 {
 355                 if (BIO_read_filename(in,inf) <= 0)
 356                         {
 357                         perror(inf);
 358                         goto end;
 359                         }
 360                 }
 361
 362         if(!str && passarg) {
 363                 if(!app_passwd(bio_err, passarg, NULL, &pass, NULL)) {
 364                         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting password\n");
 365                         goto end;
 366                 }
 367                 str = pass;
 368         }
 369
 370         if ((str == NULL) && (cipher != NULL) && (hkey == NULL))
 371                 {
 372                 for (;;)
 373                         {
 374                         char buf[200];
 375
 376                         sprintf(buf,"enter %s %s password:",
 377                                 OBJ_nid2ln(EVP_CIPHER_nid(cipher)),
 378                                 (enc)?"encryption":"decryption");
 379                         strbuf[0]='\0';
 380                         i=EVP_read_pw_string((char *)strbuf,SIZE,buf,enc);
 381                         if (i == 0)
 382                                 {
 383                                 if (strbuf[0] == '\0')
 384                                         {
 385                                         ret=1;
 386                                         goto end;
 387                                         }
 388                                 str=strbuf;
 389                                 break;
 390                                 }
 391                         if (i < 0)
 392                                 {
 393                                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"bad password read\n");
 394                                 goto end;
 395                                 }
 396                         }
 397                 }
 398
 399
 400         if (outf == NULL)
 401                 {
 402                 BIO_set_fp(out,stdout,BIO_NOCLOSE);
 403 #ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
 404                 {
 405                 BIO *tmpbio = BIO_new(BIO_f_linebuffer());
 406                 out = BIO_push(tmpbio, out);
 407                 }
 408 #endif
 409                 }
 410         else
 411                 {
 412                 if (BIO_write_filename(out,outf) <= 0)
 413                         {
 414                         perror(outf);
 415                         goto end;
 416                         }
 417                 }
 418
 419         rbio=in;
 420         wbio=out;
 421
 422         if (base64)
 423                 {
 424                 if ((b64=BIO_new(BIO_f_base64())) == NULL)
 425                         goto end;
 426                 if (debug)
 427                         {
 428                         BIO_set_callback(b64,BIO_debug_callback);
 429                         BIO_set_callback_arg(b64,bio_err);
 430                         }
 431                 if (olb64)
 432                         BIO_set_flags(b64,BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL);
 433                 if (enc)
 434                         wbio=BIO_push(b64,wbio);
 435                 else
 436                         rbio=BIO_push(b64,rbio);
 437                 }
 438
 439         if (cipher != NULL)
 440                 {
 441                 /* Note that str is NULL if a key was passed on the command
 442                  * line, so we get no salt in that case. Is this a bug?
 443                  */
 444                 if (str != NULL)
 445                         {
 446                         /* Salt handling: if encrypting generate a salt and
 447                          * write to output BIO. If decrypting read salt from
 448                          * input BIO.
 449                          */
 450                         unsigned char *sptr;
 451                         if(nosalt) sptr = NULL;
 452                         else {
 453                                 if(enc) {
 454                                         if(hsalt) {
 455                                                 if(!set_hex(hsalt,salt,sizeof salt)) {
 456                                                         BIO_printf(bio_err,
 457                                                                 "invalid hex salt value\n");
 458                                                         goto end;
 459                                                 }
 460                                         } else if (RAND_pseudo_bytes(salt, sizeof salt) < 0)
 461                                                 goto end;
 462                                         /* If -P option then don't bother writing */
 463                                         if((printkey != 2)
 464                                            && (BIO_write(wbio,magic,
 465                                                          sizeof magic-1) != sizeof magic-1
 466                                                || BIO_write(wbio,
 467                                                             (char *)salt,
 468                                                             sizeof salt) != sizeof salt)) {
 469                                                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"error writing output file\n");
 470                                                 goto end;
 471                                         }
 472                                 } else if(BIO_read(rbio,mbuf,sizeof mbuf) != sizeof mbuf
 473                                           || BIO_read(rbio,
 474                                                       (unsigned char *)salt,
 475                                     sizeof salt) != sizeof salt) {
 476                                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"error reading input file\n");
 477                                         goto end;
 478                                 } else if(memcmp(mbuf,magic,sizeof magic-1)) {
 479                                     BIO_printf(bio_err,"bad magic number\n");
 480                                     goto end;
 481                                 }
 482
 483                                 sptr = salt;
 484                         }
 485
 486                         EVP_BytesToKey(cipher,EVP_md5(),sptr,
 487                                 (unsigned char *)str,
 488                                 strlen(str),1,key,iv);
 489                         /* zero the complete buffer or the string
 490                          * passed from the command line
 491                          * bug picked up by
 492                          * Larry J. Hughes Jr. <hughes@indiana.edu> */
 493                         if (str == strbuf)
 494                                 OPENSSL_cleanse(str,SIZE);
 495                         else
 496                                 OPENSSL_cleanse(str,strlen(str));
 497                         }
 498                 if ((hiv != NULL) && !set_hex(hiv,iv,sizeof iv))
 499                         {
 500                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"invalid hex iv value\n");
 501                         goto end;
 502                         }
 503                 if ((hiv == NULL) && (str == NULL))
 504                         {
 505                         /* No IV was explicitly set and no IV was generated
 506                          * during EVP_BytesToKey. Hence the IV is undefined,
 507                          * making correct decryption impossible. */
 508                         BIO_printf(bio_err, "iv undefined\n");
 509                         goto end;
 510                         }
 511                 if ((hkey != NULL) && !set_hex(hkey,key,sizeof key))
 512                         {
 513                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"invalid hex key value\n");
 514                         goto end;
 515                         }
 516
 517                 if ((benc=BIO_new(BIO_f_cipher())) == NULL)
 518                         goto end;
 519                 BIO_set_cipher(benc,cipher,key,iv,enc);
 520                 if (nopad)
 521                         {
 522                         EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
 523                         BIO_get_cipher_ctx(benc, &ctx);
 524                         EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding(ctx, 0);
 525                         }
 526                 if (debug)
 527                         {
 528                         BIO_set_callback(benc,BIO_debug_callback);
 529                         BIO_set_callback_arg(benc,bio_err);
 530                         }
 531
 532                 if (printkey)
 533                         {
 534                         if (!nosalt)
 535                                 {
 536                                 printf("salt=");
 537                                 for (i=0; i<sizeof salt; i++)
 538                                         printf("%02X",salt[i]);
 539                                 printf("\n");
 540                                 }
 541                         if (cipher->key_len > 0)
 542                                 {
 543                                 printf("key=");
 544                                 for (i=0; i<cipher->key_len; i++)
 545                                         printf("%02X",key[i]);
 546                                 printf("\n");
 547                                 }
 548                         if (cipher->iv_len > 0)
 549                                 {
 550                                 printf("iv =");
 551                                 for (i=0; i<cipher->iv_len; i++)
 552                                         printf("%02X",iv[i]);
 553                                 printf("\n");
 554                                 }
 555                         if (printkey == 2)
 556                                 {
 557                                 ret=0;
 558                                 goto end;
 559                                 }
 560                         }
 561                 }
 562
 563         /* Only encrypt/decrypt as we write the file */
 564         if (benc != NULL)
 565                 wbio=BIO_push(benc,wbio);
 566
 567         for (;;)
 568                 {
 569                 inl=BIO_read(rbio,(char *)buff,bsize);
 570                 if (inl <= 0) break;
 571                 if (BIO_write(wbio,(char *)buff,inl) != inl)
 572                         {
 573                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"error writing output file\n");
 574                         goto end;
 575                         }
 576                 }
 577         if (!BIO_flush(wbio))
 578                 {
 579                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"bad decrypt\n");
 580                 goto end;
 581                 }
 582
 583         ret=0;
 584         if (verbose)
 585                 {
 586                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"bytes read   :%8ld\n",BIO_number_read(in));
 587                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"bytes written:%8ld\n",BIO_number_written(out));
 588                 }
 589 end:
 590         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
 591         if (strbuf != NULL) OPENSSL_free(strbuf);
 592         if (buff != NULL) OPENSSL_free(buff);
 593         if (in != NULL) BIO_free(in);
 594         if (out != NULL) BIO_free_all(out);
 595         if (benc != NULL) BIO_free(benc);
 596         if (b64 != NULL) BIO_free(b64);
 597         if(pass) OPENSSL_free(pass);
 598         apps_shutdown();
 599         OPENSSL_EXIT(ret);
 600         }
 601
 602 int set_hex(char *in, unsigned char *out, int size)
 603         {
 604         int i,n;
 605         unsigned char j;
 606
 607         n=strlen(in);
 608         if (n > (size*2))
 609                 {
 610                 BIO_printf(bio_err,"hex string is too long\n");
 611                 return(0);
 612                 }
 613         memset(out,0,size);
 614         for (i=0; i<n; i++)
 615                 {
 616                 j=(unsigned char)*in;
 617                 *(in++)='\0';
 618                 if (j == 0) break;
 619                 if ((j >= '0') && (j <= '9'))
 620                         j-='0';
 621                 else if ((j >= 'A') && (j <= 'F'))
 622                         j=j-'A'+10;
 623                 else if ((j >= 'a') && (j <= 'f'))
 624                         j=j-'a'+10;
 625                 else
 626                         {
 627                         BIO_printf(bio_err,"non-hex digit\n");
 628                         return(0);
 629                         }
 630                 if (i&1)
 631                         out[i/2]|=j;
 632                 else
 633                         out[i/2]=(j<<4);
 634                 }
 635         return(1);
 636         }