1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
6 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
11 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
13 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
14 License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
18 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
21 /* Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
22 Understands command arguments.
23 Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
29 Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
30 don't support them now. */
34 /* Disable code to set FAKE_LABEL_NAME in obj-multi.h, to avoid circular
36 #define INITIALIZING_EMULS
40 #include "output-file.h"
43 #include "dwarf2dbg.h"
44 #include "dw2gencfi.h"
57 /* Perform any cgen specific initialisation for gas. */
58 extern void gas_cgen_begin (void);
61 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
62 them after we have initialized everything. */
65 struct defsym_list
*next
;
71 /* True if a listing is wanted. */
74 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
75 enum debug_info_type debug_type
= DEBUG_UNSPECIFIED
;
76 int use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 0;
78 #ifndef MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
79 #define MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR NULL
81 static enum debug_info_type (*md_debug_format_selector
) (int *) = MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
;
83 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
84 int max_macro_nest
= 100;
89 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
90 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
93 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
94 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
97 /* Enable verbose mode. */
100 /* Which version of DWARF CIE to produce. This default value of -1
101 indicates that this value has not been set yet, a default value is
102 provided in dwarf2_init. A different value can also be supplied by the
103 command line flag --gdwarf-cie-version, or by a target in
104 MD_AFTER_PARSE_ARGS. */
105 int flag_dwarf_cie_version
= -1;
107 /* The maximum level of DWARF DEBUG information we should manufacture.
108 This defaults to 3 unless overridden by a command line option. */
109 unsigned int dwarf_level
= 3;
111 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
112 int flag_use_elf_stt_common
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
;
113 bool flag_generate_build_notes
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
;
122 /* Name of listing file. */
123 static char *listing_filename
= NULL
;
125 static struct defsym_list
*defsyms
;
127 static long start_time
;
130 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
131 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
133 static struct emulation
*const emulations
[] = { EMULATIONS
};
134 static const int n_emulations
= sizeof (emulations
) / sizeof (emulations
[0]);
137 select_emulation_mode (int argc
, char **argv
)
141 const char *em
= NULL
;
143 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++)
144 if (startswith (argv
[i
], "--em"))
150 p
= strchr (argv
[i
], '=');
157 as_fatal (_("missing emulation mode name"));
162 em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
164 em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
168 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
; i
++)
169 if (!strcmp (emulations
[i
]->name
, em
))
171 if (i
== n_emulations
)
172 as_fatal (_("unrecognized emulation name `%s'"), em
);
173 this_emulation
= emulations
[i
];
176 this_emulation
= emulations
[0];
178 this_emulation
->init ();
182 common_emul_init (void)
184 this_format
= this_emulation
->format
;
186 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
== 2)
187 this_emulation
->leading_underscore
= this_format
->dfl_leading_underscore
;
189 if (this_emulation
->default_endian
!= 2)
190 target_big_endian
= this_emulation
->default_endian
;
192 if (this_emulation
->fake_label_name
== 0)
194 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
)
195 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
197 /* What other parameters should we test? */
198 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= "." FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
204 print_version_id (void)
212 fprintf (stderr
, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s) using BFD version %s\n"),
213 VERSION
, TARGET_ALIAS
, BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
216 #ifdef DEFAULT_FLAG_COMPRESS_DEBUG
217 enum compressed_debug_section_type flag_compress_debug
218 = DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
219 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP \
220 DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
222 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
226 show_usage (FILE * stream
)
228 fprintf (stream
, _("Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n"), myname
);
230 fprintf (stream
, _("\
232 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
233 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
234 c omit false conditionals\n\
235 d omit debugging directives\n\
236 g include general info\n\
237 h include high-level source\n\
238 i include ginsn and synthesized CFI info\n\
239 l include assembly\n\
240 m include macro expansions\n\
241 n omit forms processing\n\
243 =FILE list to FILE (must be last sub-option)\n"));
245 fprintf (stream
, _("\
246 --alternate initially turn on alternate macro syntax\n"));
247 fprintf (stream
, _("\
248 --compress-debug-sections[={none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi|zstd}]\n\
249 compress DWARF debug sections\n")),
250 fprintf (stream
, _("\
252 bfd_get_compression_algorithm_name
253 (DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP
));
255 fprintf (stream
, _("\
256 --nocompress-debug-sections\n\
257 don't compress DWARF debug sections\n"));
258 fprintf (stream
, _("\
259 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n"));
260 fprintf (stream
, _("\
261 --dump-config display how the assembler is configured and then exit\n"));
262 fprintf (stream
, _("\
263 --debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW\n\
264 map OLD to NEW in debug information\n"));
265 fprintf (stream
, _("\
266 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n"));
267 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
274 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
- 1; i
++)
275 fprintf (stream
, "%s | ", emulations
[i
]->name
);
276 fprintf (stream
, "%s]\n", emulations
[i
]->name
);
278 def_em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
280 def_em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
281 fprintf (stream
, _("\
282 emulate output (default %s)\n"), def_em
);
285 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
286 fprintf (stream
, _("\
287 --execstack require executable stack for this object\n"));
288 fprintf (stream
, _("\
289 --noexecstack don't require executable stack for this object\n"));
290 fprintf (stream
, _("\
291 --size-check=[error|warning]\n\
292 ELF .size directive check (default --size-check=error)\n"));
293 fprintf (stream
, _("\
294 --elf-stt-common=[no|yes] "));
295 if (DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
)
296 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
298 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
299 fprintf (stream
, _("\
300 generate ELF common symbols with STT_COMMON type\n"));
301 fprintf (stream
, _("\
302 --sectname-subst enable section name substitution sequences\n"));
304 fprintf (stream
, _("\
305 --generate-missing-build-notes=[no|yes] "));
306 #if DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
307 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
309 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
311 fprintf (stream
, _("\
312 generate GNU Build notes if none are present in the input\n"));
313 fprintf (stream
, _("\
314 --gsframe generate SFrame stack trace information\n"));
315 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
316 fprintf (stream
, _("\
317 --scfi=experimental Synthesize DWARF CFI for hand-written asm\n\
318 (experimental support)\n"));
322 fprintf (stream
, _("\
323 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n"));
324 fprintf (stream
, _("\
325 -g, --gen-debug generate debugging information\n"));
326 fprintf (stream
, _("\
327 --gstabs generate STABS debugging information\n"));
328 fprintf (stream
, _("\
329 --gstabs+ generate STABS debug info with GNU extensions\n"));
330 fprintf (stream
, _("\
331 --gdwarf-<N> generate DWARF<N> debugging information. 2 <= <N> <= 5\n"));
332 fprintf (stream
, _("\
333 --gdwarf-cie-version=<N> generate version 1, 3 or 4 DWARF CIEs\n"));
334 fprintf (stream
, _("\
335 --gdwarf-sections generate per-function section names for DWARF line information\n"));
336 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
337 fprintf (stream
, _("\
338 --gcodeview generate CodeView debugging information\n"));
340 fprintf (stream
, _("\
341 --hash-size=<N> ignored\n"));
342 fprintf (stream
, _("\
343 --help show all assembler options\n"));
344 fprintf (stream
, _("\
345 --target-help show target specific options\n"));
346 fprintf (stream
, _("\
347 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n"));
348 fprintf (stream
, _("\
349 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n"));
350 fprintf (stream
, _("\
351 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n"));
352 fprintf (stream
, _("\
353 -L, --keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n"));
354 fprintf (stream
, _("\
355 -M, --mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n"));
356 fprintf (stream
, _("\
357 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n"));
358 fprintf (stream
, _("\
359 --multibyte-handling=<method>\n\
360 what to do with multibyte characters encountered in the input\n"));
361 fprintf (stream
, _("\
363 fprintf (stream
, _("\
364 -no-pad-sections do not pad the end of sections to alignment boundaries\n"));
365 fprintf (stream
, _("\
366 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n"));
367 fprintf (stream
, _("\
368 -R fold data section into text section\n"));
369 fprintf (stream
, _("\
370 --reduce-memory-overheads ignored\n"));
371 fprintf (stream
, _("\
372 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n"));
373 fprintf (stream
, _("\
374 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n"));
375 fprintf (stream
, _("\
376 --traditional-format Use same format as native assembler when possible\n"));
377 fprintf (stream
, _("\
378 --version print assembler version number and exit\n"));
379 fprintf (stream
, _("\
380 -W, --no-warn suppress warnings\n"));
381 fprintf (stream
, _("\
382 --warn don't suppress warnings\n"));
383 fprintf (stream
, _("\
384 --fatal-warnings treat warnings as errors\n"));
385 fprintf (stream
, _("\
386 --no-info suppress information messages\n"));
387 fprintf (stream
, _("\
388 --info don't suppress information messages\n"));
390 fprintf (stream
, _("\
391 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
392 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n"));
394 fprintf (stream
, _("\
396 fprintf (stream
, _("\
398 fprintf (stream
, _("\
399 -Z generate object file even after errors\n"));
400 fprintf (stream
, _("\
401 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
403 fprintf (stream
, _("\
404 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
405 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
406 the width of the first line\n"));
407 fprintf (stream
, _("\
408 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
409 the source file\n"));
410 fprintf (stream
, _("\
411 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
412 for the output data column of the listing\n"));
413 fprintf (stream
, _("\
414 @FILE read options from FILE\n"));
416 md_show_usage (stream
);
418 fputc ('\n', stream
);
420 if (REPORT_BUGS_TO
[0] && stream
== stdout
)
421 fprintf (stream
, _("Report bugs to %s\n"), REPORT_BUGS_TO
);
424 /* Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
425 to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
426 After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
427 name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
428 (perhaps more than once) later.
430 check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
431 md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c. */
434 parse_args (int * pargc
, char *** pargv
)
440 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
441 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
442 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
443 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
445 static const char std_shortopts
[] =
448 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
449 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
452 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'f', 'g', ':',':', 'I', ':',
453 'o', ':', 'v', 'w', 'X',
455 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below). */
460 struct option
*longopts
;
461 /* Codes used for the long options with no short synonyms. */
464 OPTION_HELP
= OPTION_STD_BASE
,
470 OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
,
472 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
,
473 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
, /* = STD_BASE + 10 */
474 OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
,
475 OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
,
483 OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
, /* = STD_BASE + 20 */
484 OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
,
486 OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
,
487 OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
,
493 OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
,
494 OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
, /* = STD_BASE + 30 */
495 OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
,
498 OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
,
499 OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
,
501 OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
,
502 OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
,
503 OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
,
504 OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
, /* = STD_BASE + 40 */
509 /* When you add options here, check that they do
510 not collide with OPTION_MD_BASE. See as.h. */
513 static const struct option std_longopts
[] =
515 /* Note: commas are placed at the start of the line rather than
516 the end of the preceding line so that it is simpler to
517 selectively add and remove lines from this list. */
518 {"alternate", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ALTERNATE
}
519 /* The entry for "a" is here to prevent getopt_long_only() from
520 considering that -a is an abbreviation for --alternate. This is
521 necessary because -a=<FILE> is a valid switch but getopt would
522 normally reject it since --alternate does not take an argument. */
523 ,{"a", optional_argument
, NULL
, 'a'}
524 /* Handle -al=<FILE>. */
525 ,{"al", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_AL
}
526 ,{"compress-debug-sections", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
}
527 ,{"nocompress-debug-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
}
528 ,{"debug-prefix-map", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
}
529 ,{"defsym", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEFSYM
}
530 ,{"dump-config", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
}
531 ,{"emulation", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EMULATION
}
532 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
533 ,{"execstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EXECSTACK
}
534 ,{"noexecstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
}
535 ,{"size-check", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
}
536 ,{"elf-stt-common", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
}
537 ,{"sectname-subst", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
}
538 ,{"generate-missing-build-notes", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
}
539 ,{"gsframe", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SFRAME
}
540 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
541 ,{"scfi", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SCFI
}
543 #endif /* OBJ_ELF || OBJ_MAYBE_ELF. */
544 ,{"fatal-warnings", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN_FATAL
}
545 ,{"gdwarf-2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
546 ,{"gdwarf-3", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_3
}
547 ,{"gdwarf-4", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_4
}
548 ,{"gdwarf-5", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_5
}
549 /* GCC uses --gdwarf-2 but GAS used to to use --gdwarf2,
550 so we keep it here for backwards compatibility. */
551 ,{"gdwarf2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
552 ,{"gdwarf-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
}
553 ,{"gdwarf-cie-version", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
}
554 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
555 ,{"gcodeview", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GCODEVIEW
}
557 ,{"gen-debug", no_argument
, NULL
, 'g'}
558 ,{"gstabs", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS
}
559 ,{"gstabs+", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
}
560 ,{"hash-size", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
}
561 ,{"help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HELP
}
563 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
564 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
565 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
566 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
567 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
568 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
569 ,{"itbl", required_argument
, NULL
, 't'}
571 /* getopt allows abbreviations, so we do this to stop it from
572 treating -k as an abbreviation for --keep-locals. Some
573 ports use -k to enable PIC assembly. */
574 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
575 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
576 ,{"listing-lhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
}
577 ,{"listing-lhs-width2", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
}
578 ,{"listing-rhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
}
579 ,{"listing-cont-lines", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
}
580 ,{"MD", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEPFILE
}
581 ,{"mri", no_argument
, NULL
, 'M'}
582 ,{"nocpp", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCPP
}
583 ,{"no-pad-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
}
584 ,{"no-info", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOINFO
}
585 ,{"no-warn", no_argument
, NULL
, 'W'}
586 ,{"reduce-memory-overheads", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
}
587 ,{"statistics", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STATISTICS
}
588 ,{"strip-local-absolute", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
}
589 ,{"version", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERSION
}
590 ,{"verbose", no_argument
, NULL
, 'v'}
591 ,{"target-help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TARGET_HELP
}
592 ,{"traditional-format", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
}
593 ,{"info", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_INFO
}
594 ,{"warn", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN
}
595 ,{"multibyte-handling", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
}
598 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the target
599 dependent list. Include space for an extra NULL option and
600 always NULL terminate. */
601 shortopts
= concat (std_shortopts
, md_shortopts
, (char *) NULL
);
602 longopts
= (struct option
*) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts
)
603 + md_longopts_size
+ sizeof (struct option
));
604 memcpy (longopts
, std_longopts
, sizeof (std_longopts
));
605 memcpy (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
), md_longopts
, md_longopts_size
);
606 memset (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
) + md_longopts_size
,
607 0, sizeof (struct option
));
609 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
613 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
614 new_argv
= notes_alloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc
+ 1));
615 new_argv
[0] = old_argv
[0];
617 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
621 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
622 indicate a long option. */
624 int optc
= getopt_long_only (old_argc
, old_argv
, shortopts
, longopts
,
633 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
635 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
637 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
638 it explicitly here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
646 else if (is_a_char (optc
))
647 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `-%c%s'"), optc
, optarg
? optarg
: "");
649 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s=%s'"), longopts
[longind
].name
, optarg
);
651 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s'"), longopts
[longind
].name
);
657 case 1: /* File name. */
658 if (!strcmp (optarg
, "-"))
659 optarg
= (char *) "";
660 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
;
661 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
664 case OPTION_TARGET_HELP
:
665 md_show_usage (stdout
);
675 case OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
:
676 do_not_pad_sections_to_alignment
= 1;
679 case OPTION_STATISTICS
:
680 flag_print_statistics
= 1;
683 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
:
684 flag_strip_local_absolute
= 1;
687 case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
:
688 flag_traditional_format
= 1;
691 case OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
:
692 if (strcmp (optarg
, "allow") == 0)
693 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_allow
;
694 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn") == 0)
695 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn
;
696 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn-sym-only") == 0)
697 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
698 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn_sym_only") == 0)
699 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
701 as_fatal (_("unexpected argument to --multibyte-input-option: '%s'"), optarg
);
705 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
706 printf (_("GNU assembler %s\n"), BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
707 printf (_("Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"));
709 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
710 the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.\n\
711 This program has absolutely no warranty.\n"));
712 #ifdef TARGET_WITH_CPU
713 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s' "
714 "and default,\ncpu type `%s'.\n"),
715 TARGET_ALIAS
, TARGET_WITH_CPU
);
717 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n"),
722 case OPTION_EMULATION
:
723 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
724 if (strcmp (optarg
, this_emulation
->name
))
725 as_fatal (_("multiple emulation names specified"));
727 as_fatal (_("emulations not handled in this configuration"));
731 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
:
732 fprintf (stderr
, _("alias = %s\n"), TARGET_ALIAS
);
733 fprintf (stderr
, _("canonical = %s\n"), TARGET_CANONICAL
);
734 fprintf (stderr
, _("cpu-type = %s\n"), TARGET_CPU
);
735 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
736 fprintf (stderr
, _("format = %s\n"), TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
);
739 fprintf (stderr
, _("bfd-target = %s\n"), TARGET_FORMAT
);
743 case OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
:
746 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
747 flag_compress_debug
= bfd_get_compression_algorithm (optarg
);
749 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_DEBUG_ZSTD
)
750 as_fatal (_ ("--compress-debug-sections=zstd: gas is not "
751 "built with zstd support"));
753 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_UNKNOWN
)
754 as_fatal (_("Invalid --compress-debug-sections option: `%s'"),
757 as_fatal (_("--compress-debug-sections=%s is unsupported"),
762 flag_compress_debug
= DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
765 case OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
:
766 flag_compress_debug
= COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
;
769 case OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
:
770 add_debug_prefix_map (optarg
);
777 struct defsym_list
*n
;
779 for (s
= optarg
; *s
!= '\0' && *s
!= '='; s
++)
782 as_fatal (_("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value"));
784 i
= bfd_scan_vma (s
, (const char **) NULL
, 0);
785 n
= XNEW (struct defsym_list
);
796 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
797 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
800 as_warn (_("no file name following -t option"));
804 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
805 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
806 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
808 if (itbl_parse (optarg
) != 0)
809 as_fatal (_("failed to read instruction table %s\n"),
816 start_dependencies (optarg
);
820 /* Some backends, eg Alpha and Mips, use the -g switch for their
821 own purposes. So we check here for an explicit -g and allow
822 the backend to decide if it wants to process it. */
823 if ( old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g'
824 && md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
))
827 /* We end up here for any -gsomething-not-already-a-long-option.
828 give some useful feedback on not (yet) supported -gdwarfxxx
829 versions/sections/options. */
830 if (startswith (old_argv
[optind
- 1], "-gdwarf"))
831 as_fatal (_("unknown DWARF option %s\n"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
832 else if (old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g' && optarg
!= NULL
)
833 as_fatal (_("unknown option `%s'"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
835 if (md_debug_format_selector
)
836 debug_type
= md_debug_format_selector (& use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
);
839 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
843 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
846 case OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
:
847 use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 1;
850 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
853 case OPTION_GDWARF_2
:
854 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
858 case OPTION_GDWARF_3
:
859 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
863 case OPTION_GDWARF_4
:
864 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
868 case OPTION_GDWARF_5
:
869 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
873 case OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
:
874 flag_dwarf_sections
= true;
877 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
878 case OPTION_GCODEVIEW
:
879 debug_type
= DEBUG_CODEVIEW
;
883 case OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
:
884 flag_dwarf_cie_version
= atoi (optarg
);
885 /* The available CIE versions are 1 (DWARF 2), 3 (DWARF 3), and 4
887 if (flag_dwarf_cie_version
< 1
888 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
== 2
889 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
> 4)
890 as_fatal (_("Invalid --gdwarf-cie-version `%s'"), optarg
);
891 switch (flag_dwarf_cie_version
)
909 flag_signed_overflow_ok
= 1;
912 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
914 flag_warn_displacement
= 1;
918 flag_keep_locals
= 1;
921 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
:
922 listing_lhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
923 if (listing_lhs_width_second
< listing_lhs_width
)
924 listing_lhs_width_second
= listing_lhs_width
;
926 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
:
928 int tmp
= atoi (optarg
);
930 if (tmp
> listing_lhs_width
)
931 listing_lhs_width_second
= tmp
;
934 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
:
935 listing_rhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
937 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
:
938 listing_lhs_cont_lines
= atoi (optarg
);
949 flag_readonly_data_in_text
= 1;
953 flag_no_warnings
= 1;
957 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
958 flag_fatal_warnings
= 0;
961 case OPTION_WARN_FATAL
:
962 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
963 flag_fatal_warnings
= 1;
967 flag_no_information
= true;
971 flag_no_information
= false;
974 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
975 case OPTION_EXECSTACK
:
977 flag_noexecstack
= 0;
980 case OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
:
981 flag_noexecstack
= 1;
985 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
987 if (optarg
&& strcasecmp (optarg
, "experimental") == 0)
988 flag_synth_cfi
= SYNTH_CFI_EXPERIMENTAL
;
990 as_fatal (_("Invalid --scfi= option: `%s'; suggested option: experimental"),
995 case OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
:
996 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "error") == 0)
997 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= false;
998 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "warning") == 0)
999 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= true;
1001 as_fatal (_("Invalid --size-check= option: `%s'"), optarg
);
1004 case OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
:
1005 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1006 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 0;
1007 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1008 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 1;
1010 as_fatal (_("Invalid --elf-stt-common= option: `%s'"),
1014 case OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
:
1015 flag_sectname_subst
= 1;
1018 case OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
:
1019 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1020 flag_generate_build_notes
= false;
1021 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1022 flag_generate_build_notes
= true;
1024 as_fatal (_("Invalid --generate-missing-build-notes option: `%s'"),
1029 flag_gen_sframe
= 1;
1032 #endif /* OBJ_ELF */
1035 flag_always_generate_output
= 1;
1039 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1041 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1044 case OPTION_ALTERNATE
:
1045 optarg
= old_argv
[optind
- 1];
1046 while (* optarg
== '-')
1049 if (strcmp (optarg
, "alternate") == 0)
1051 flag_macro_alternate
= 1;
1060 if (optarg
!= old_argv
[optind
] && optarg
[-1] == '=')
1063 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
1071 listing
|= LISTING_NOCOND
;
1074 listing
|= LISTING_NODEBUG
;
1077 listing
|= LISTING_GENERAL
;
1080 listing
|= LISTING_HLL
;
1083 listing
|= LISTING_GINSN_SCFI
;
1086 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1089 listing
|= LISTING_MACEXP
;
1092 listing
|= LISTING_NOFORM
;
1095 listing
|= LISTING_SYMBOLS
;
1098 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
+ 1);
1099 optarg
+= strlen (listing_filename
);
1102 as_fatal (_("invalid listing option `%c'"), *optarg
);
1109 listing
= LISTING_DEFAULT
;
1113 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different
1114 things from other people's assemblers. */
1119 flag_no_comments
= 1;
1123 { /* Include file directory. */
1124 char *temp
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1126 add_include_dir (temp
);
1131 out_file_name
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1138 /* -X means treat warnings as errors. */
1141 case OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
:
1144 case OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
:
1155 #ifdef md_after_parse_args
1156 md_after_parse_args ();
1161 dump_statistics (void)
1163 long run_time
= get_run_time () - start_time
;
1165 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n"),
1166 myname
, run_time
/ 1000000, run_time
% 1000000);
1168 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr
);
1169 write_print_statistics (stderr
);
1170 symbol_print_statistics (stderr
);
1171 read_print_statistics (stderr
);
1173 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
1174 tc_print_statistics (stderr
);
1177 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
1178 obj_print_statistics (stderr
);
1182 /* Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
1183 We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
1184 shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
1185 We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
1186 expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
1188 Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
1189 may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files. */
1192 perform_an_assembly_pass (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1199 subseg_set (text_section
, 0);
1202 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
1203 and sections already created. */
1220 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
1222 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename. */
1223 read_a_source_file (*argv
);
1225 argv
++; /* Completed that argv. */
1228 read_a_source_file ("");
1234 _obstack_free (¬es
, NULL
);
1237 /* Early initialisation, before gas prints messages. */
1240 gas_early_init (int *argcp
, char ***argvp
)
1242 start_time
= get_run_time ();
1245 #ifdef HAVE_LC_MESSAGES
1246 setlocale (LC_MESSAGES
, "");
1248 setlocale (LC_CTYPE
, "");
1249 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE
, LOCALEDIR
);
1250 textdomain (PACKAGE
);
1255 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
1256 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
1259 out_file_name
= OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
;
1262 if (bfd_init () != BFD_INIT_MAGIC
)
1263 as_fatal (_("libbfd ABI mismatch"));
1265 obstack_begin (¬es
, chunksize
);
1266 xatexit (free_notes
);
1269 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname
);
1270 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname
);
1272 expandargv (argcp
, argvp
);
1274 init_include_dir ();
1276 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
1277 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1280 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
1281 select_emulation_mode (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1285 /* Tack on format specific section data and create a proper section
1286 symbol for one of the standard bfd sections. */
1289 bfd_std_section_init (const char *name
)
1291 asection
*sec
= bfd_make_section_old_way (stdoutput
, name
);
1292 gas_assert (BFD_SEND (stdoutput
, _new_section_hook
, (stdoutput
, sec
)));
1293 subseg_new (name
, 0);
1296 /* The bulk of gas initialisation. This is after args are parsed. */
1305 input_scrub_begin ();
1313 local_symbol_make (".gasversion.", absolute_section
,
1314 &predefined_address_frag
, BFD_VERSION
/ 10000UL);
1316 /* Note: Put new initialisation calls that don't depend on stdoutput
1317 being open above this point. stdoutput must be open for anything
1318 that might use stdoutput objalloc memory, eg. calling bfd_alloc
1319 or creating global symbols (via bfd_make_empty_symbol). */
1320 xatexit (output_file_close
);
1321 output_file_create (out_file_name
);
1322 gas_assert (stdoutput
!= 0);
1324 /* Must be called before output_file_close. xexit calls the xatexit
1325 list in reverse order. */
1326 if (flag_print_statistics
)
1327 xatexit (dump_statistics
);
1331 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
1332 tc_init_after_args ();
1337 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
1338 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
1340 while (defsyms
!= NULL
)
1343 struct defsym_list
*next
;
1345 sym
= symbol_new (defsyms
->name
, absolute_section
,
1346 &zero_address_frag
, defsyms
->value
);
1347 /* Make symbols defined on the command line volatile, so that they
1348 can be redefined inside a source file. This makes this assembler's
1349 behaviour compatible with earlier versions, but it may not be
1350 completely intuitive. */
1351 S_SET_VOLATILE (sym
);
1352 symbol_table_insert (sym
);
1353 next
= defsyms
->next
;
1359 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
1361 text_section
= subseg_new (TEXT_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1362 data_section
= subseg_new (DATA_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1363 bss_section
= subseg_new (BSS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1364 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
1365 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
1366 flagword applicable
= bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput
);
1367 bfd_set_section_flags (text_section
,
1368 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1369 | SEC_CODE
| SEC_READONLY
));
1370 bfd_set_section_flags (data_section
,
1371 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1373 bfd_set_section_flags (bss_section
, applicable
& SEC_ALLOC
);
1374 seg_info (bss_section
)->bss
= 1;
1376 bfd_std_section_init (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME
);
1377 bfd_std_section_init (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME
);
1378 reg_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
1379 expr_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
1383 main (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1385 char ** argv_orig
= argv
;
1388 gas_early_init (&argc
, &argv
);
1390 /* Call parse_args before gas_init so that switches like
1391 --hash-size can be honored. */
1392 parse_args (&argc
, &argv
);
1394 if (argc
> 1 && stat (out_file_name
, &sob
) == 0)
1398 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; ++i
)
1402 /* Check that the input file and output file are different. */
1403 if (stat (argv
[i
], &sib
) == 0
1404 && sib
.st_ino
== sob
.st_ino
1405 /* POSIX emulating systems may support stat() but if the
1406 underlying file system does not support a file serial number
1407 of some kind then they will return 0 for the inode. So
1408 two files with an inode of 0 may not actually be the same.
1409 On real POSIX systems no ordinary file will ever have an
1412 /* Different files may have the same inode number if they
1413 reside on different devices, so check the st_dev field as
1415 && sib
.st_dev
== sob
.st_dev
1416 /* PR 25572: Only check regular files. Devices, sockets and so
1417 on might actually work as both input and output. Plus there
1418 is a use case for using /dev/null as both input and output
1419 when checking for command line option support in a script:
1420 as --foo /dev/null -o /dev/null; if $? then ... */
1421 && S_ISREG (sib
.st_mode
))
1423 const char *saved_out_file_name
= out_file_name
;
1425 /* Don't let as_fatal remove the output file! */
1426 out_file_name
= NULL
;
1427 as_fatal (_("The input '%s' and output '%s' files are the same"),
1428 argv
[i
], saved_out_file_name
);
1436 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
);
1438 cond_finish_check (-1);
1444 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
1445 if ((flag_execstack
|| flag_noexecstack
)
1446 && OUTPUT_FLAVOR
== bfd_target_elf_flavour
)
1450 gnustack
= subseg_new (".note.GNU-stack", 0);
1451 bfd_set_section_flags (gnustack
,
1452 SEC_READONLY
| (flag_execstack
? SEC_CODE
: 0));
1459 /* If we've been collecting dwarf2 .debug_line info, either for
1460 assembly debugging or on behalf of the compiler, emit it now. */
1463 /* If we constructed dwarf2 .eh_frame info, either via .cfi
1464 directives from the user or by the backend, emit it now. */
1468 if (seen_at_least_1_file ())
1470 int n_warns
, n_errs
;
1474 write_object_file ();
1476 n_warns
= had_warnings ();
1477 n_errs
= had_errors ();
1480 ngettext ("%d warning", "%d warnings", n_warns
), n_warns
);
1482 ngettext ("%d error", "%d errors", n_errs
), n_errs
);
1483 if (flag_fatal_warnings
&& n_warns
!= 0)
1486 as_bad (_("%s, treating warnings as errors"), warn_msg
);
1492 else if (flag_always_generate_output
)
1494 /* The -Z flag indicates that an object file should be generated,
1495 regardless of warnings and errors. */
1497 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s, %s, generating bad object file\n"),
1505 listing_print (listing_filename
, argv_orig
);
1510 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
1511 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
1512 if (had_errors () != 0)
1513 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE
);
1515 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
1516 print_dependencies ();
1518 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS
);