gas/doc/c-z8k.texi

   1 @c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
   3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
   4 @ifset GENERIC
   5 @page
   6 @node Z8000-Dependent
   7 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
   8 @end ifset
   9 @ifclear GENERIC
  10 @node Machine Dependencies
  11 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
  12 @end ifclear
  13
  14 @cindex Z8000 support
  15 The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the
  16 unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with
  17 24 bit addresses.
  18
  19 When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the
  20 @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit)
  21 sized register.  When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with
  22 the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit)
  23 register.  @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000},
  24 for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives.
  25
  26 @menu
  27 * Z8000 Options::               No special command-line options for Z8000
  28 * Z8000 Syntax::                Assembler syntax for the Z8000
  29 * Z8000 Directives::            Special directives for the Z8000
  30 * Z8000 Opcodes::               Opcodes
  31 @end menu
  32
  33 @node Z8000 Options
  34 @section Options
  35
  36 @cindex Z8000 options
  37 @cindex options, Z8000
  38 @code{@value{AS}} has no additional command-line options for the Zilog
  39 Z8000 family.
  40
  41 @node Z8000 Syntax
  42 @section Syntax
  43 @menu
  44 * Z8000-Chars::                Special Characters
  45 * Z8000-Regs::                 Register Names
  46 * Z8000-Addressing::           Addressing Modes
  47 @end menu
  48
  49 @node Z8000-Chars
  50 @subsection Special Characters
  51
  52 @cindex line comment character, Z8000
  53 @cindex Z8000 line comment character
  54 @samp{!} is the line comment character.
  55
  56 @cindex line separator, Z8000
  57 @cindex statement separator, Z8000
  58 @cindex Z8000 line separator
  59 You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements.
  60
  61 @node Z8000-Regs
  62 @subsection Register Names
  63
  64 @cindex Z8000 registers
  65 @cindex registers, Z8000
  66 The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15.  You can refer
  67 to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the
  68 prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and
  69 @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers.  You can also refer to the contents of
  70 the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes.  They are
  71 named @samp{r@var{n}h} and @samp{r@var{n}l}.
  72
  73 @smallexample
  74 @exdent @emph{byte registers}
  75 r0l r0h r1h r1l r2h r2l r3h r3l
  76 r4h r4l r5h r5l r6h r6l r7h r7l
  77
  78 @exdent @emph{word registers}
  79 r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15
  80
  81 @exdent @emph{long word registers}
  82 rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14
  83
  84 @exdent @emph{quad word registers}
  85 rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12
  86 @end smallexample
  87
  88 @node Z8000-Addressing
  89 @subsection Addressing Modes
  90
  91 @cindex addressing modes, Z8000
  92 @cindex Z800 addressing modes
  93 @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000:
  94
  95 @table @code
  96 @item r@var{n}
  97 Register direct
  98
  99 @item @@r@var{n}
 100 Indirect register
 101
 102 @item @var{addr}
 103 Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler
 104 is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction.
 105
 106 @item address(r@var{n})
 107 Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce
 108 the final address in memory of the operand.
 109
 110 @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm})
 111 Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign
 112 extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory
 113 of the operand.
 114
 115 @item r@var{n}(r@var{m})
 116 Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} is added to the sign
 117 extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final address in
 118 memory of the operand.
 119
 120 @item #@var{xx}
 121 Immediate data @var{xx}.
 122 @end table
 123
 124 @node Z8000 Directives
 125 @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000
 126
 127 @cindex Z8000 directives
 128 @cindex directives, Z8000
 129 The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes these additional assembler directives,
 130 for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers.  As shown, these do not
 131 begin with @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives).
 132
 133 @table @code
 134 @kindex segm
 135 @item segm
 136 Generates code for the segmented Z8001.
 137
 138 @kindex unsegm
 139 @item unsegm
 140 Generates code for the unsegmented Z8002.
 141
 142 @kindex name
 143 @item name
 144 Synonym for @code{.file}
 145
 146 @kindex global
 147 @item global
 148 Synonym for @code{.global}
 149
 150 @kindex wval
 151 @item wval
 152 Synonym for @code{.word}
 153
 154 @kindex lval
 155 @item lval
 156 Synonym for @code{.long}
 157
 158 @kindex bval
 159 @item bval
 160 Synonym for @code{.byte}
 161
 162 @kindex sval
 163 @item sval
 164 Assemble a string.  @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by
 165 single quotes.  It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive
 166 addresses.  You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where
 167 @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the
 168 character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}.  Use this feature to
 169 describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string
 170 literals as themselves.  For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a =
 171 "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language
 172 (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as
 173
 174 @iftex
 175 @begingroup
 176 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
 177 @end iftex
 178 @smallexample
 179 68652073    sval    'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00'
 180 61696420
 181 22697427
 182 73203530
 183 25206F66
 184 662200
 185 @end smallexample
 186 @iftex
 187 @endgroup
 188 @end iftex
 189
 190 @kindex rsect
 191 @item rsect
 192 synonym for @code{.section}
 193
 194 @kindex block
 195 @item block
 196 synonym for @code{.space}
 197
 198 @kindex even
 199 @item even
 200 special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary.
 201 @end table
 202
 203 @node Z8000 Opcodes
 204 @section Opcodes
 205
 206 @cindex Z8000 opcode summary
 207 @cindex opcode summary, Z8000
 208 @cindex mnemonics, Z8000
 209 @cindex instruction summary, Z8000
 210 For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see
 211 @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}.
 212
 213 @ifset SMALL
 214 @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly
 215 @c except in smallbook.  See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file.
 216
 217 The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments:
 218 @iftex
 219 @begingroup
 220 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
 221 @end iftex
 222 @smallexample
 223
 224             rs   @r{16 bit source register}
 225             rd   @r{16 bit destination register}
 226             rbs   @r{8 bit source register}
 227             rbd   @r{8 bit destination register}
 228             rrs   @r{32 bit source register}
 229             rrd   @r{32 bit destination register}
 230             rqs   @r{64 bit source register}
 231             rqd   @r{64 bit destination register}
 232             addr @r{16/24 bit address}
 233             imm  @r{immediate data}
 234
 235 adc rd,rs               clrb addr               cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
 236 adcb rbd,rbs            clrb addr(rd)           cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
 237 add rd,@@rs              clrb rbd                dab rbd
 238 add rd,addr             com @@rd                 dbjnz rbd,disp7
 239 add rd,addr(rs)         com addr                dec @@rd,imm4m1
 240 add rd,imm16            com addr(rd)            dec addr(rd),imm4m1
 241 add rd,rs               com rd                  dec addr,imm4m1
 242 addb rbd,@@rs            comb @@rd                dec rd,imm4m1
 243 addb rbd,addr           comb addr               decb @@rd,imm4m1
 244 addb rbd,addr(rs)       comb addr(rd)           decb addr(rd),imm4m1
 245 addb rbd,imm8           comb rbd                decb addr,imm4m1
 246 addb rbd,rbs            comflg flags            decb rbd,imm4m1
 247 addl rrd,@@rs            cp @@rd,imm16            di i2
 248 addl rrd,addr           cp addr(rd),imm16       div rrd,@@rs
 249 addl rrd,addr(rs)       cp addr,imm16           div rrd,addr
 250 addl rrd,imm32          cp rd,@@rs               div rrd,addr(rs)
 251 addl rrd,rrs            cp rd,addr              div rrd,imm16
 252 and rd,@@rs              cp rd,addr(rs)          div rrd,rs
 253 and rd,addr             cp rd,imm16             divl rqd,@@rs
 254 and rd,addr(rs)         cp rd,rs                divl rqd,addr
 255 and rd,imm16            cpb @@rd,imm8            divl rqd,addr(rs)
 256 and rd,rs               cpb addr(rd),imm8       divl rqd,imm32
 257 andb rbd,@@rs            cpb addr,imm8           divl rqd,rrs
 258 andb rbd,addr           cpb rbd,@@rs             djnz rd,disp7
 259 andb rbd,addr(rs)       cpb rbd,addr            ei i2
 260 andb rbd,imm8           cpb rbd,addr(rs)        ex rd,@@rs
 261 andb rbd,rbs            cpb rbd,imm8            ex rd,addr
 262 bit @@rd,imm4            cpb rbd,rbs             ex rd,addr(rs)
 263 bit addr(rd),imm4       cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc        ex rd,rs
 264 bit addr,imm4           cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      exb rbd,@@rs
 265 bit rd,imm4             cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc       exb rbd,addr
 266 bit rd,rs               cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     exb rbd,addr(rs)
 267 bitb @@rd,imm4           cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc        exb rbd,rbs
 268 bitb addr(rd),imm4      cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      ext0e imm8
 269 bitb addr,imm4          cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc       ext0f imm8
 270 bitb rbd,imm4           cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     ext8e imm8
 271 bitb rbd,rs             cpl rrd,@@rs             ext8f imm8
 272 bpt                     cpl rrd,addr            exts rrd
 273 call @@rd                cpl rrd,addr(rs)        extsb rd
 274 call addr               cpl rrd,imm32           extsl rqd
 275 call addr(rd)           cpl rrd,rrs             halt
 276 calr disp12             cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      in rd,@@rs
 277 clr @@rd                 cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     in rd,imm16
 278 clr addr                cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inb rbd,@@rs
 279 clr addr(rd)            cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc    inb rbd,imm16
 280 clr rd                  cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      inc @@rd,imm4m1
 281 clrb @@rd                cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inc addr(rd),imm4m1
 282 inc addr,imm4m1         ldb rbd,rs(rx)          mult rrd,addr(rs)
 283 inc rd,imm4m1           ldb rd(imm16),rbs       mult rrd,imm16
 284 incb @@rd,imm4m1         ldb rd(rx),rbs          mult rrd,rs
 285 incb addr(rd),imm4m1    ldctl ctrl,rs           multl rqd,@@rs
 286 incb addr,imm4m1        ldctl rd,ctrl           multl rqd,addr
 287 incb rbd,imm4m1         ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr          multl rqd,addr(rs)
 288 ind @@rd,@@rs,ra          lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,imm32
 289 indb @@rd,@@rs,rba        lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,rrs
 290 inib @@rd,@@rs,ra         lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr        neg @@rd
 291 inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra        ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr          neg addr
 292 iret                    ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg addr(rd)
 293 jp cc,@@rd               ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg rd
 294 jp cc,addr              ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr        negb @@rd
 295 jp cc,addr(rd)          ldk rd,imm4             negb addr
 296 jr cc,disp8             ldl @@rd,rrs             negb addr(rd)
 297 ld @@rd,imm16            ldl addr(rd),rrs        negb rbd
 298 ld @@rd,rs               ldl addr,rrs            nop
 299 ld addr(rd),imm16       ldl rd(imm16),rrs       or rd,@@rs
 300 ld addr(rd),rs          ldl rd(rx),rrs          or rd,addr
 301 ld addr,imm16           ldl rrd,@@rs             or rd,addr(rs)
 302 ld addr,rs              ldl rrd,addr            or rd,imm16
 303 ld rd(imm16),rs         ldl rrd,addr(rs)        or rd,rs
 304 ld rd(rx),rs            ldl rrd,imm32           orb rbd,@@rs
 305 ld rd,@@rs               ldl rrd,rrs             orb rbd,addr
 306 ld rd,addr              ldl rrd,rs(imm16)       orb rbd,addr(rs)
 307 ld rd,addr(rs)          ldl rrd,rs(rx)          orb rbd,imm8
 308 ld rd,imm16             ldm @@rd,rs,n            orb rbd,rbs
 309 ld rd,rs                ldm addr(rd),rs,n       out @@rd,rs
 310 ld rd,rs(imm16)         ldm addr,rs,n           out imm16,rs
 311 ld rd,rs(rx)            ldm rd,@@rs,n            outb @@rd,rbs
 312 lda rd,addr             ldm rd,addr(rs),n       outb imm16,rbs
 313 lda rd,addr(rs)         ldm rd,addr,n           outd @@rd,@@rs,ra
 314 lda rd,rs(imm16)        ldps @@rs                outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 315 lda rd,rs(rx)           ldps addr               outib @@rd,@@rs,ra
 316 ldar rd,disp16          ldps addr(rs)           outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra
 317 ldb @@rd,imm8            ldr disp16,rs           pop @@rd,@@rs
 318 ldb @@rd,rbs             ldr rd,disp16           pop addr(rd),@@rs
 319 ldb addr(rd),imm8       ldrb disp16,rbs         pop addr,@@rs
 320 ldb addr(rd),rbs        ldrb rbd,disp16         pop rd,@@rs
 321 ldb addr,imm8           ldrl disp16,rrs         popl @@rd,@@rs
 322 ldb addr,rbs            ldrl rrd,disp16         popl addr(rd),@@rs
 323 ldb rbd,@@rs             mbit                    popl addr,@@rs
 324 ldb rbd,addr            mreq rd                 popl rrd,@@rs
 325 ldb rbd,addr(rs)        mres                    push @@rd,@@rs
 326 ldb rbd,imm8            mset                    push @@rd,addr
 327 ldb rbd,rbs             mult rrd,@@rs            push @@rd,addr(rs)
 328 ldb rbd,rs(imm16)       mult rrd,addr           push @@rd,imm16
 329 push @@rd,rs             set addr,imm4           subl rrd,imm32
 330 pushl @@rd,@@rs           set rd,imm4             subl rrd,rrs
 331 pushl @@rd,addr          set rd,rs               tcc cc,rd
 332 pushl @@rd,addr(rs)      setb @@rd,imm4           tccb cc,rbd
 333 pushl @@rd,rrs           setb addr(rd),imm4      test @@rd
 334 res @@rd,imm4            setb addr,imm4          test addr
 335 res addr(rd),imm4       setb rbd,imm4           test addr(rd)
 336 res addr,imm4           setb rbd,rs             test rd
 337 res rd,imm4             setflg imm4             testb @@rd
 338 res rd,rs               sinb rbd,imm16          testb addr
 339 resb @@rd,imm4           sinb rd,imm16           testb addr(rd)
 340 resb addr(rd),imm4      sind @@rd,@@rs,ra         testb rbd
 341 resb addr,imm4          sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba       testl @@rd
 342 resb rbd,imm4           sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra        testl addr
 343 resb rbd,rs             sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra       testl addr(rd)
 344 resflg imm4             sla rd,imm8             testl rrd
 345 ret cc                  slab rbd,imm8           trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 346 rl rd,imm1or2           slal rrd,imm8           trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 347 rlb rbd,imm1or2         sll rd,imm8             trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr
 348 rlc rd,imm1or2          sllb rbd,imm8           trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr
 349 rlcb rbd,imm1or2        slll rrd,imm8           trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 350 rldb rbb,rba            sout imm16,rs           trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr
 351 rr rd,imm1or2           soutb imm16,rbs         trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 352 rrb rbd,imm1or2         soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra        trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 353 rrc rd,imm1or2          soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba      tset @@rd
 354 rrcb rbd,imm1or2        soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra       tset addr
 355 rrdb rbb,rba            soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra      tset addr(rd)
 356 rsvd36                  sra rd,imm8             tset rd
 357 rsvd38                  srab rbd,imm8           tsetb @@rd
 358 rsvd78                  sral rrd,imm8           tsetb addr
 359 rsvd7e                  srl rd,imm8             tsetb addr(rd)
 360 rsvd9d                  srlb rbd,imm8           tsetb rbd
 361 rsvd9f                  srll rrd,imm8           xor rd,@@rs
 362 rsvdb9                  sub rd,@@rs              xor rd,addr
 363 rsvdbf                  sub rd,addr             xor rd,addr(rs)
 364 sbc rd,rs               sub rd,addr(rs)         xor rd,imm16
 365 sbcb rbd,rbs            sub rd,imm16            xor rd,rs
 366 sc imm8                 sub rd,rs               xorb rbd,@@rs
 367 sda rd,rs               subb rbd,@@rs            xorb rbd,addr
 368 sdab rbd,rs             subb rbd,addr           xorb rbd,addr(rs)
 369 sdal rrd,rs             subb rbd,addr(rs)       xorb rbd,imm8
 370 sdl rd,rs               subb rbd,imm8           xorb rbd,rbs
 371 sdlb rbd,rs             subb rbd,rbs            xorb rbd,rbs
 372 sdll rrd,rs             subl rrd,@@rs
 373 set @@rd,imm4            subl rrd,addr
 374 set addr(rd),imm4       subl rrd,addr(rs)
 375 @end smallexample
 376 @iftex
 377 @endgroup
 378 @end iftex
 379 @end ifset
 380