src/basic/fileio.c

   1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
   2 /***
   3   This file is part of systemd.
   4
   5   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   6 ***/
   7
   8 #include <errno.h>
   9 #include <fcntl.h>
  10 #include <limits.h>
  11 #include <stdarg.h>
  12 #include <stdint.h>
  13 #include <stdio_ext.h>
  14 #include <stdlib.h>
  15 #include <string.h>
  16 #include <sys/mman.h>
  17 #include <sys/stat.h>
  18 #include <sys/types.h>
  19 #include <unistd.h>
  20
  21 #include "alloc-util.h"
  22 #include "ctype.h"
  23 #include "def.h"
  24 #include "env-util.h"
  25 #include "escape.h"
  26 #include "fd-util.h"
  27 #include "fileio.h"
  28 #include "fs-util.h"
  29 #include "hexdecoct.h"
  30 #include "log.h"
  31 #include "macro.h"
  32 #include "missing.h"
  33 #include "parse-util.h"
  34 #include "path-util.h"
  35 #include "process-util.h"
  36 #include "random-util.h"
  37 #include "stdio-util.h"
  38 #include "string-util.h"
  39 #include "strv.h"
  40 #include "time-util.h"
  41 #include "umask-util.h"
  42 #include "utf8.h"
  43
  44 #define READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX (4U*1024U*1024U)
  45
  46 int write_string_stream_ts(
  47                 FILE *f,
  48                 const char *line,
  49                 WriteStringFileFlags flags,
  50                 struct timespec *ts) {
  51
  52         bool needs_nl;
  53         int r;
  54
  55         assert(f);
  56         assert(line);
  57
  58         if (ferror(f))
  59                 return -EIO;
  60
  61         needs_nl = !(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_AVOID_NEWLINE) && !endswith(line, "\n");
  62
  63         if (needs_nl && (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER)) {
  64                 /* If STDIO buffering was disabled, then let's append the newline character to the string itself, so
  65                  * that the write goes out in one go, instead of two */
  66
  67                 line = strjoina(line, "\n");
  68                 needs_nl = false;
  69         }
  70
  71         if (fputs(line, f) == EOF)
  72                 return -errno;
  73
  74         if (needs_nl)
  75                 if (fputc('\n', f) == EOF)
  76                         return -errno;
  77
  78         if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC)
  79                 r = fflush_sync_and_check(f);
  80         else
  81                 r = fflush_and_check(f);
  82         if (r < 0)
  83                 return r;
  84
  85         if (ts) {
  86                 struct timespec twice[2] = {*ts, *ts};
  87
  88                 if (futimens(fileno(f), twice) < 0)
  89                         return -errno;
  90         }
  91
  92         return 0;
  93 }
  94
  95 static int write_string_file_atomic(
  96                 const char *fn,
  97                 const char *line,
  98                 WriteStringFileFlags flags,
  99                 struct timespec *ts) {
 100
 101         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 102         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 103         int r;
 104
 105         assert(fn);
 106         assert(line);
 107
 108         r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
 109         if (r < 0)
 110                 return r;
 111
 112         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 113         (void) fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
 114
 115         r = write_string_stream_ts(f, line, flags, ts);
 116         if (r < 0)
 117                 goto fail;
 118
 119         if (rename(p, fn) < 0) {
 120                 r = -errno;
 121                 goto fail;
 122         }
 123
 124         return 0;
 125
 126 fail:
 127         (void) unlink(p);
 128         return r;
 129 }
 130
 131 int write_string_file_ts(
 132                 const char *fn,
 133                 const char *line,
 134                 WriteStringFileFlags flags,
 135                 struct timespec *ts) {
 136
 137         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 138         int q, r;
 139
 140         assert(fn);
 141         assert(line);
 142
 143         /* We don't know how to verify whether the file contents was already on-disk. */
 144         assert(!((flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE) && (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC)));
 145
 146         if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC) {
 147                 assert(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
 148
 149                 r = write_string_file_atomic(fn, line, flags, ts);
 150                 if (r < 0)
 151                         goto fail;
 152
 153                 return r;
 154         } else
 155                 assert(!ts);
 156
 157         if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE) {
 158                 f = fopen(fn, "we");
 159                 if (!f) {
 160                         r = -errno;
 161                         goto fail;
 162                 }
 163         } else {
 164                 int fd;
 165
 166                 /* We manually build our own version of fopen(..., "we") that
 167                  * works without O_CREAT */
 168                 fd = open(fn, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
 169                 if (fd < 0) {
 170                         r = -errno;
 171                         goto fail;
 172                 }
 173
 174                 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
 175                 if (!f) {
 176                         r = -errno;
 177                         safe_close(fd);
 178                         goto fail;
 179                 }
 180         }
 181
 182         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 183
 184         if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER)
 185                 setvbuf(f, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
 186
 187         r = write_string_stream_ts(f, line, flags, ts);
 188         if (r < 0)
 189                 goto fail;
 190
 191         return 0;
 192
 193 fail:
 194         if (!(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE))
 195                 return r;
 196
 197         f = safe_fclose(f);
 198
 199         /* OK, the operation failed, but let's see if the right
 200          * contents in place already. If so, eat up the error. */
 201
 202         q = verify_file(fn, line, !(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_AVOID_NEWLINE));
 203         if (q <= 0)
 204                 return r;
 205
 206         return 0;
 207 }
 208
 209 int write_string_filef(
 210                 const char *fn,
 211                 WriteStringFileFlags flags,
 212                 const char *format, ...) {
 213
 214         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 215         va_list ap;
 216         int r;
 217
 218         va_start(ap, format);
 219         r = vasprintf(&p, format, ap);
 220         va_end(ap);
 221
 222         if (r < 0)
 223                 return -ENOMEM;
 224
 225         return write_string_file(fn, p, flags);
 226 }
 227
 228 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
 229         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 230         int r;
 231
 232         assert(fn);
 233         assert(line);
 234
 235         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 236         if (!f)
 237                 return -errno;
 238
 239         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 240
 241         r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, line);
 242         return r < 0 ? r : 0;
 243 }
 244
 245 int verify_file(const char *fn, const char *blob, bool accept_extra_nl) {
 246         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 247         _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
 248         size_t l, k;
 249
 250         assert(fn);
 251         assert(blob);
 252
 253         l = strlen(blob);
 254
 255         if (accept_extra_nl && endswith(blob, "\n"))
 256                 accept_extra_nl = false;
 257
 258         buf = malloc(l + accept_extra_nl + 1);
 259         if (!buf)
 260                 return -ENOMEM;
 261
 262         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 263         if (!f)
 264                 return -errno;
 265
 266         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 267
 268         /* We try to read one byte more than we need, so that we know whether we hit eof */
 269         errno = 0;
 270         k = fread(buf, 1, l + accept_extra_nl + 1, f);
 271         if (ferror(f))
 272                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 273
 274         if (k != l && k != l + accept_extra_nl)
 275                 return 0;
 276         if (memcmp(buf, blob, l) != 0)
 277                 return 0;
 278         if (k > l && buf[l] != '\n')
 279                 return 0;
 280
 281         return 1;
 282 }
 283
 284 int read_full_stream(FILE *f, char **contents, size_t *size) {
 285         _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
 286         struct stat st;
 287         size_t n, l;
 288         int fd;
 289
 290         assert(f);
 291         assert(contents);
 292
 293         n = LINE_MAX;
 294
 295         fd = fileno(f);
 296         if (fd >= 0) { /* If the FILE* object is backed by an fd (as opposed to memory or such, see fmemopen(), let's
 297                         * optimize our buffering) */
 298
 299                 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
 300                         return -errno;
 301
 302                 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 303
 304                         /* Safety check */
 305                         if (st.st_size > READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX)
 306                                 return -E2BIG;
 307
 308                         /* Start with the right file size, but be prepared for files from /proc which generally report a file
 309                          * size of 0. Note that we increase the size to read here by one, so that the first read attempt
 310                          * already makes us notice the EOF. */
 311                         if (st.st_size > 0)
 312                                 n = st.st_size + 1;
 313                 }
 314         }
 315
 316         l = 0;
 317         for (;;) {
 318                 char *t;
 319                 size_t k;
 320
 321                 t = realloc(buf, n + 1);
 322                 if (!t)
 323                         return -ENOMEM;
 324
 325                 buf = t;
 326                 errno = 0;
 327                 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
 328                 if (k > 0)
 329                         l += k;
 330
 331                 if (ferror(f))
 332                         return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 333
 334                 if (feof(f))
 335                         break;
 336
 337                 /* We aren't expecting fread() to return a short read outside
 338                  * of (error && eof), assert buffer is full and enlarge buffer.
 339                  */
 340                 assert(l == n);
 341
 342                 /* Safety check */
 343                 if (n >= READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX)
 344                         return -E2BIG;
 345
 346                 n = MIN(n * 2, READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX);
 347         }
 348
 349         buf[l] = 0;
 350         *contents = TAKE_PTR(buf);
 351
 352         if (size)
 353                 *size = l;
 354
 355         return 0;
 356 }
 357
 358 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
 359         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 360
 361         assert(fn);
 362         assert(contents);
 363
 364         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 365         if (!f)
 366                 return -errno;
 367
 368         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 369
 370         return read_full_stream(f, contents, size);
 371 }
 372
 373 static int parse_env_file_internal(
 374                 FILE *f,
 375                 const char *fname,
 376                 const char *newline,
 377                 int (*push) (const char *filename, unsigned line,
 378                              const char *key, char *value, void *userdata, int *n_pushed),
 379                 void *userdata,
 380                 int *n_pushed) {
 381
 382         size_t key_alloc = 0, n_key = 0, value_alloc = 0, n_value = 0, last_value_whitespace = (size_t) -1, last_key_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 383         _cleanup_free_ char *contents = NULL, *key = NULL, *value = NULL;
 384         unsigned line = 1;
 385         char *p;
 386         int r;
 387
 388         enum {
 389                 PRE_KEY,
 390                 KEY,
 391                 PRE_VALUE,
 392                 VALUE,
 393                 VALUE_ESCAPE,
 394                 SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
 395                 SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE,
 396                 DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
 397                 DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE,
 398                 COMMENT,
 399                 COMMENT_ESCAPE
 400         } state = PRE_KEY;
 401
 402         assert(newline);
 403
 404         if (f)
 405                 r = read_full_stream(f, &contents, NULL);
 406         else
 407                 r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL);
 408         if (r < 0)
 409                 return r;
 410
 411         for (p = contents; *p; p++) {
 412                 char c = *p;
 413
 414                 switch (state) {
 415
 416                 case PRE_KEY:
 417                         if (strchr(COMMENTS, c))
 418                                 state = COMMENT;
 419                         else if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c)) {
 420                                 state = KEY;
 421                                 last_key_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 422
 423                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(key, key_alloc, n_key+2))
 424                                         return -ENOMEM;
 425
 426                                 key[n_key++] = c;
 427                         }
 428                         break;
 429
 430                 case KEY:
 431                         if (strchr(newline, c)) {
 432                                 state = PRE_KEY;
 433                                 line++;
 434                                 n_key = 0;
 435                         } else if (c == '=') {
 436                                 state = PRE_VALUE;
 437                                 last_value_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 438                         } else {
 439                                 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
 440                                         last_key_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 441                                 else if (last_key_whitespace == (size_t) -1)
 442                                          last_key_whitespace = n_key;
 443
 444                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(key, key_alloc, n_key+2))
 445                                         return -ENOMEM;
 446
 447                                 key[n_key++] = c;
 448                         }
 449
 450                         break;
 451
 452                 case PRE_VALUE:
 453                         if (strchr(newline, c)) {
 454                                 state = PRE_KEY;
 455                                 line++;
 456                                 key[n_key] = 0;
 457
 458                                 if (value)
 459                                         value[n_value] = 0;
 460
 461                                 /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
 462                                 if (last_key_whitespace != (size_t) -1)
 463                                         key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
 464
 465                                 r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata, n_pushed);
 466                                 if (r < 0)
 467                                         return r;
 468
 469                                 n_key = 0;
 470                                 value = NULL;
 471                                 value_alloc = n_value = 0;
 472
 473                         } else if (c == '\'')
 474                                 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
 475                         else if (c == '\"')
 476                                 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
 477                         else if (c == '\\')
 478                                 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
 479                         else if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c)) {
 480                                 state = VALUE;
 481
 482                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 483                                         return  -ENOMEM;
 484
 485                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 486                         }
 487
 488                         break;
 489
 490                 case VALUE:
 491                         if (strchr(newline, c)) {
 492                                 state = PRE_KEY;
 493                                 line++;
 494
 495                                 key[n_key] = 0;
 496
 497                                 if (value)
 498                                         value[n_value] = 0;
 499
 500                                 /* Chomp off trailing whitespace from value */
 501                                 if (last_value_whitespace != (size_t) -1)
 502                                         value[last_value_whitespace] = 0;
 503
 504                                 /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
 505                                 if (last_key_whitespace != (size_t) -1)
 506                                         key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
 507
 508                                 r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata, n_pushed);
 509                                 if (r < 0)
 510                                         return r;
 511
 512                                 n_key = 0;
 513                                 value = NULL;
 514                                 value_alloc = n_value = 0;
 515
 516                         } else if (c == '\\') {
 517                                 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
 518                                 last_value_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 519                         } else {
 520                                 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
 521                                         last_value_whitespace = (size_t) -1;
 522                                 else if (last_value_whitespace == (size_t) -1)
 523                                         last_value_whitespace = n_value;
 524
 525                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 526                                         return -ENOMEM;
 527
 528                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 529                         }
 530
 531                         break;
 532
 533                 case VALUE_ESCAPE:
 534                         state = VALUE;
 535
 536                         if (!strchr(newline, c)) {
 537                                 /* Escaped newlines we eat up entirely */
 538                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 539                                         return -ENOMEM;
 540
 541                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 542                         }
 543                         break;
 544
 545                 case SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE:
 546                         if (c == '\'')
 547                                 state = PRE_VALUE;
 548                         else if (c == '\\')
 549                                 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE;
 550                         else {
 551                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 552                                         return -ENOMEM;
 553
 554                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 555                         }
 556
 557                         break;
 558
 559                 case SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE:
 560                         state = SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
 561
 562                         if (!strchr(newline, c)) {
 563                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 564                                         return -ENOMEM;
 565
 566                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 567                         }
 568                         break;
 569
 570                 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE:
 571                         if (c == '\"')
 572                                 state = PRE_VALUE;
 573                         else if (c == '\\')
 574                                 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE;
 575                         else {
 576                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 577                                         return -ENOMEM;
 578
 579                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 580                         }
 581
 582                         break;
 583
 584                 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE:
 585                         state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
 586
 587                         if (!strchr(newline, c)) {
 588                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, value_alloc, n_value+2))
 589                                         return -ENOMEM;
 590
 591                                 value[n_value++] = c;
 592                         }
 593                         break;
 594
 595                 case COMMENT:
 596                         if (c == '\\')
 597                                 state = COMMENT_ESCAPE;
 598                         else if (strchr(newline, c)) {
 599                                 state = PRE_KEY;
 600                                 line++;
 601                         }
 602                         break;
 603
 604                 case COMMENT_ESCAPE:
 605                         state = COMMENT;
 606                         break;
 607                 }
 608         }
 609
 610         if (IN_SET(state,
 611                    PRE_VALUE,
 612                    VALUE,
 613                    VALUE_ESCAPE,
 614                    SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
 615                    SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE,
 616                    DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
 617                    DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE)) {
 618
 619                 key[n_key] = 0;
 620
 621                 if (value)
 622                         value[n_value] = 0;
 623
 624                 if (state == VALUE)
 625                         if (last_value_whitespace != (size_t) -1)
 626                                 value[last_value_whitespace] = 0;
 627
 628                 /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
 629                 if (last_key_whitespace != (size_t) -1)
 630                         key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
 631
 632                 r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata, n_pushed);
 633                 if (r < 0)
 634                         return r;
 635
 636                 value = NULL;
 637         }
 638
 639         return 0;
 640 }
 641
 642 static int check_utf8ness_and_warn(
 643                 const char *filename, unsigned line,
 644                 const char *key, char *value) {
 645
 646         if (!utf8_is_valid(key)) {
 647                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 648
 649                 p = utf8_escape_invalid(key);
 650                 log_error("%s:%u: invalid UTF-8 in key '%s', ignoring.", strna(filename), line, p);
 651                 return -EINVAL;
 652         }
 653
 654         if (value && !utf8_is_valid(value)) {
 655                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 656
 657                 p = utf8_escape_invalid(value);
 658                 log_error("%s:%u: invalid UTF-8 value for key %s: '%s', ignoring.", strna(filename), line, key, p);
 659                 return -EINVAL;
 660         }
 661
 662         return 0;
 663 }
 664
 665 static int parse_env_file_push(
 666                 const char *filename, unsigned line,
 667                 const char *key, char *value,
 668                 void *userdata,
 669                 int *n_pushed) {
 670
 671         const char *k;
 672         va_list aq, *ap = userdata;
 673         int r;
 674
 675         r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
 676         if (r < 0)
 677                 return r;
 678
 679         va_copy(aq, *ap);
 680
 681         while ((k = va_arg(aq, const char *))) {
 682                 char **v;
 683
 684                 v = va_arg(aq, char **);
 685
 686                 if (streq(key, k)) {
 687                         va_end(aq);
 688                         free(*v);
 689                         *v = value;
 690
 691                         if (n_pushed)
 692                                 (*n_pushed)++;
 693
 694                         return 1;
 695                 }
 696         }
 697
 698         va_end(aq);
 699         free(value);
 700
 701         return 0;
 702 }
 703
 704 int parse_env_filev(
 705                 FILE *f,
 706                 const char *fname,
 707                 const char *newline,
 708                 va_list ap) {
 709
 710         int r, n_pushed = 0;
 711         va_list aq;
 712
 713         if (!newline)
 714                 newline = NEWLINE;
 715
 716         va_copy(aq, ap);
 717         r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, newline, parse_env_file_push, &aq, &n_pushed);
 718         va_end(aq);
 719         if (r < 0)
 720                 return r;
 721
 722         return n_pushed;
 723 }
 724
 725 int parse_env_file(
 726                 FILE *f,
 727                 const char *fname,
 728                 const char *newline,
 729                 ...) {
 730
 731         va_list ap;
 732         int r;
 733
 734         va_start(ap, newline);
 735         r = parse_env_filev(f, fname, newline, ap);
 736         va_end(ap);
 737
 738         return r;
 739 }
 740
 741 static int load_env_file_push(
 742                 const char *filename, unsigned line,
 743                 const char *key, char *value,
 744                 void *userdata,
 745                 int *n_pushed) {
 746         char ***m = userdata;
 747         char *p;
 748         int r;
 749
 750         r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
 751         if (r < 0)
 752                 return r;
 753
 754         p = strjoin(key, "=", value);
 755         if (!p)
 756                 return -ENOMEM;
 757
 758         r = strv_env_replace(m, p);
 759         if (r < 0) {
 760                 free(p);
 761                 return r;
 762         }
 763
 764         if (n_pushed)
 765                 (*n_pushed)++;
 766
 767         free(value);
 768         return 0;
 769 }
 770
 771 int load_env_file(FILE *f, const char *fname, const char *newline, char ***rl) {
 772         char **m = NULL;
 773         int r;
 774
 775         if (!newline)
 776                 newline = NEWLINE;
 777
 778         r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, newline, load_env_file_push, &m, NULL);
 779         if (r < 0) {
 780                 strv_free(m);
 781                 return r;
 782         }
 783
 784         *rl = m;
 785         return 0;
 786 }
 787
 788 static int load_env_file_push_pairs(
 789                 const char *filename, unsigned line,
 790                 const char *key, char *value,
 791                 void *userdata,
 792                 int *n_pushed) {
 793         char ***m = userdata;
 794         int r;
 795
 796         r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
 797         if (r < 0)
 798                 return r;
 799
 800         r = strv_extend(m, key);
 801         if (r < 0)
 802                 return -ENOMEM;
 803
 804         if (!value) {
 805                 r = strv_extend(m, "");
 806                 if (r < 0)
 807                         return -ENOMEM;
 808         } else {
 809                 r = strv_push(m, value);
 810                 if (r < 0)
 811                         return r;
 812         }
 813
 814         if (n_pushed)
 815                 (*n_pushed)++;
 816
 817         return 0;
 818 }
 819
 820 int load_env_file_pairs(FILE *f, const char *fname, const char *newline, char ***rl) {
 821         char **m = NULL;
 822         int r;
 823
 824         if (!newline)
 825                 newline = NEWLINE;
 826
 827         r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, newline, load_env_file_push_pairs, &m, NULL);
 828         if (r < 0) {
 829                 strv_free(m);
 830                 return r;
 831         }
 832
 833         *rl = m;
 834         return 0;
 835 }
 836
 837 static int merge_env_file_push(
 838                 const char *filename, unsigned line,
 839                 const char *key, char *value,
 840                 void *userdata,
 841                 int *n_pushed) {
 842
 843         char ***env = userdata;
 844         char *expanded_value;
 845
 846         assert(env);
 847
 848         if (!value) {
 849                 log_error("%s:%u: invalid syntax (around \"%s\"), ignoring.", strna(filename), line, key);
 850                 return 0;
 851         }
 852
 853         if (!env_name_is_valid(key)) {
 854                 log_error("%s:%u: invalid variable name \"%s\", ignoring.", strna(filename), line, key);
 855                 free(value);
 856                 return 0;
 857         }
 858
 859         expanded_value = replace_env(value, *env,
 860                                      REPLACE_ENV_USE_ENVIRONMENT|
 861                                      REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS|
 862                                      REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED);
 863         if (!expanded_value)
 864                 return -ENOMEM;
 865
 866         free_and_replace(value, expanded_value);
 867
 868         return load_env_file_push(filename, line, key, value, env, n_pushed);
 869 }
 870
 871 int merge_env_file(
 872                 char ***env,
 873                 FILE *f,
 874                 const char *fname) {
 875
 876         /* NOTE: this function supports braceful and braceless variable expansions,
 877          * plus "extended" substitutions, unlike other exported parsing functions.
 878          */
 879
 880         return parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, NEWLINE, merge_env_file_push, env, NULL);
 881 }
 882
 883 static void write_env_var(FILE *f, const char *v) {
 884         const char *p;
 885
 886         p = strchr(v, '=');
 887         if (!p) {
 888                 /* Fallback */
 889                 fputs_unlocked(v, f);
 890                 fputc_unlocked('\n', f);
 891                 return;
 892         }
 893
 894         p++;
 895         fwrite_unlocked(v, 1, p-v, f);
 896
 897         if (string_has_cc(p, NULL) || chars_intersect(p, WHITESPACE SHELL_NEED_QUOTES)) {
 898                 fputc_unlocked('\"', f);
 899
 900                 for (; *p; p++) {
 901                         if (strchr(SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE, *p))
 902                                 fputc_unlocked('\\', f);
 903
 904                         fputc_unlocked(*p, f);
 905                 }
 906
 907                 fputc_unlocked('\"', f);
 908         } else
 909                 fputs_unlocked(p, f);
 910
 911         fputc_unlocked('\n', f);
 912 }
 913
 914 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
 915         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 916         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 917         char **i;
 918         int r;
 919
 920         assert(fname);
 921
 922         r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
 923         if (r < 0)
 924                 return r;
 925
 926         (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
 927         (void) fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
 928
 929         STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
 930                 write_env_var(f, *i);
 931
 932         r = fflush_and_check(f);
 933         if (r >= 0) {
 934                 if (rename(p, fname) >= 0)
 935                         return 0;
 936
 937                 r = -errno;
 938         }
 939
 940         unlink(p);
 941         return r;
 942 }
 943
 944 int executable_is_script(const char *path, char **interpreter) {
 945         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 946         size_t len;
 947         char *ans;
 948         int r;
 949
 950         assert(path);
 951
 952         r = read_one_line_file(path, &line);
 953         if (r == -ENOBUFS) /* First line overly long? if so, then it's not a script */
 954                 return 0;
 955         if (r < 0)
 956                 return r;
 957
 958         if (!startswith(line, "#!"))
 959                 return 0;
 960
 961         ans = strstrip(line + 2);
 962         len = strcspn(ans, " \t");
 963
 964         if (len == 0)
 965                 return 0;
 966
 967         ans = strndup(ans, len);
 968         if (!ans)
 969                 return -ENOMEM;
 970
 971         *interpreter = ans;
 972         return 1;
 973 }
 974
 975 /**
 976  * Retrieve one field from a file like /proc/self/status.  pattern
 977  * should not include whitespace or the delimiter (':'). pattern matches only
 978  * the beginning of a line. Whitespace before ':' is skipped. Whitespace and
 979  * zeros after the ':' will be skipped. field must be freed afterwards.
 980  * terminator specifies the terminating characters of the field value (not
 981  * included in the value).
 982  */
 983 int get_proc_field(const char *filename, const char *pattern, const char *terminator, char **field) {
 984         _cleanup_free_ char *status = NULL;
 985         char *t, *f;
 986         size_t len;
 987         int r;
 988
 989         assert(terminator);
 990         assert(filename);
 991         assert(pattern);
 992         assert(field);
 993
 994         r = read_full_file(filename, &status, NULL);
 995         if (r < 0)
 996                 return r;
 997
 998         t = status;
 999
1000         do {
1001                 bool pattern_ok;
1002
1003                 do {
1004                         t = strstr(t, pattern);
1005                         if (!t)
1006                                 return -ENOENT;
1007
1008                         /* Check that pattern occurs in beginning of line. */
1009                         pattern_ok = (t == status || t[-1] == '\n');
1010
1011                         t += strlen(pattern);
1012
1013                 } while (!pattern_ok);
1014
1015                 t += strspn(t, " \t");
1016                 if (!*t)
1017                         return -ENOENT;
1018
1019         } while (*t != ':');
1020
1021         t++;
1022
1023         if (*t) {
1024                 t += strspn(t, " \t");
1025
1026                 /* Also skip zeros, because when this is used for
1027                  * capabilities, we don't want the zeros. This way the
1028                  * same capability set always maps to the same string,
1029                  * irrespective of the total capability set size. For
1030                  * other numbers it shouldn't matter. */
1031                 t += strspn(t, "0");
1032                 /* Back off one char if there's nothing but whitespace
1033                    and zeros */
1034                 if (!*t || isspace(*t))
1035                         t--;
1036         }
1037
1038         len = strcspn(t, terminator);
1039
1040         f = strndup(t, len);
1041         if (!f)
1042                 return -ENOMEM;
1043
1044         *field = f;
1045         return 0;
1046 }
1047
1048 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
1049         int nfd;
1050         DIR *d;
1051
1052         assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
1053
1054         nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
1055         if (nfd < 0)
1056                 return NULL;
1057
1058         d = fdopendir(nfd);
1059         if (!d) {
1060                 safe_close(nfd);
1061                 return NULL;
1062         }
1063
1064         return d;
1065 }
1066
1067 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
1068         char **i;
1069
1070         assert(path);
1071         assert(mode);
1072         assert(_f);
1073
1074         if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
1075                 return -ENOMEM;
1076
1077         STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
1078                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1079                 FILE *f;
1080
1081                 if (root)
1082                         p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path);
1083                 else
1084                         p = strjoin(*i, "/", path);
1085                 if (!p)
1086                         return -ENOMEM;
1087
1088                 f = fopen(p, mode);
1089                 if (f) {
1090                         *_f = f;
1091                         return 0;
1092                 }
1093
1094                 if (errno != ENOENT)
1095                         return -errno;
1096         }
1097
1098         return -ENOENT;
1099 }
1100
1101 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
1102         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
1103
1104         assert(path);
1105         assert(mode);
1106         assert(_f);
1107
1108         if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
1109                 FILE *f;
1110
1111                 f = fopen(path, mode);
1112                 if (f) {
1113                         *_f = f;
1114                         return 0;
1115                 }
1116
1117                 return -errno;
1118         }
1119
1120         copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
1121         if (!copy)
1122                 return -ENOMEM;
1123
1124         return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
1125 }
1126
1127 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
1128         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
1129
1130         if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
1131                 FILE *f;
1132
1133                 f = fopen(path, mode);
1134                 if (f) {
1135                         *_f = f;
1136                         return 0;
1137                 }
1138
1139                 return -errno;
1140         }
1141
1142         s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
1143         if (!s)
1144                 return -ENOMEM;
1145
1146         return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
1147 }
1148
1149 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
1150         FILE *f;
1151         char *t;
1152         int r, fd;
1153
1154         assert(path);
1155         assert(_f);
1156         assert(_temp_path);
1157
1158         r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, NULL, &t);
1159         if (r < 0)
1160                 return r;
1161
1162         fd = mkostemp_safe(t);
1163         if (fd < 0) {
1164                 free(t);
1165                 return -errno;
1166         }
1167
1168         f = fdopen(fd, "we");
1169         if (!f) {
1170                 unlink_noerrno(t);
1171                 free(t);
1172                 safe_close(fd);
1173                 return -errno;
1174         }
1175
1176         *_f = f;
1177         *_temp_path = t;
1178
1179         return 0;
1180 }
1181
1182 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
1183         assert(f);
1184
1185         errno = 0;
1186         fflush(f);
1187
1188         if (ferror(f))
1189                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
1190
1191         return 0;
1192 }
1193
1194 int fflush_sync_and_check(FILE *f) {
1195         int r;
1196
1197         assert(f);
1198
1199         r = fflush_and_check(f);
1200         if (r < 0)
1201                 return r;
1202
1203         if (fsync(fileno(f)) < 0)
1204                 return -errno;
1205
1206         r = fsync_directory_of_file(fileno(f));
1207         if (r < 0)
1208                 return r;
1209
1210         return 0;
1211 }
1212
1213 /* This is much like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
1214 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern) {
1215         _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u = 0;
1216         int fd;
1217
1218         assert(pattern);
1219
1220         u = umask(077);
1221
1222         fd = mkostemp(pattern, O_CLOEXEC);
1223         if (fd < 0)
1224                 return -errno;
1225
1226         return fd;
1227 }
1228
1229 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
1230         const char *fn;
1231         char *t;
1232
1233         assert(p);
1234         assert(ret);
1235
1236         /*
1237          * Turns this:
1238          *         /foo/bar/waldo
1239          *
1240          * Into this:
1241          *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldoXXXXXX
1242          */
1243
1244         fn = basename(p);
1245         if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
1246                 return -EINVAL;
1247
1248         extra = strempty(extra);
1249
1250         t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 6 + 1);
1251         if (!t)
1252                 return -ENOMEM;
1253
1254         strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn), "XXXXXX");
1255
1256         *ret = path_simplify(t, false);
1257         return 0;
1258 }
1259
1260 int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
1261         const char *fn;
1262         char *t, *x;
1263         uint64_t u;
1264         unsigned i;
1265
1266         assert(p);
1267         assert(ret);
1268
1269         /*
1270          * Turns this:
1271          *         /foo/bar/waldo
1272          *
1273          * Into this:
1274          *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldobaa2a261115984a9
1275          */
1276
1277         fn = basename(p);
1278         if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
1279                 return -EINVAL;
1280
1281         extra = strempty(extra);
1282
1283         t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
1284         if (!t)
1285                 return -ENOMEM;
1286
1287         x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn);
1288
1289         u = random_u64();
1290         for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
1291                 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
1292                 u >>= 4;
1293         }
1294
1295         *x = 0;
1296
1297         *ret = path_simplify(t, false);
1298         return 0;
1299 }
1300
1301 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
1302         char *t, *x;
1303         uint64_t u;
1304         unsigned i;
1305         int r;
1306
1307         assert(ret);
1308
1309         /* Turns this:
1310          *         /foo/bar/waldo
1311          * Into this:
1312          *         /foo/bar/waldo/.#<extra>3c2b6219aa75d7d0
1313          */
1314
1315         if (!p) {
1316                 r = tmp_dir(&p);
1317                 if (r < 0)
1318                         return r;
1319         }
1320
1321         extra = strempty(extra);
1322
1323         t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
1324         if (!t)
1325                 return -ENOMEM;
1326
1327         x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#"), extra);
1328
1329         u = random_u64();
1330         for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
1331                 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
1332                 u >>= 4;
1333         }
1334
1335         *x = 0;
1336
1337         *ret = path_simplify(t, false);
1338         return 0;
1339 }
1340
1341 int write_timestamp_file_atomic(const char *fn, usec_t n) {
1342         char ln[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(n)+2];
1343
1344         /* Creates a "timestamp" file, that contains nothing but a
1345          * usec_t timestamp, formatted in ASCII. */
1346
1347         if (n <= 0 || n >= USEC_INFINITY)
1348                 return -ERANGE;
1349
1350         xsprintf(ln, USEC_FMT "\n", n);
1351
1352         return write_string_file(fn, ln, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC);
1353 }
1354
1355 int read_timestamp_file(const char *fn, usec_t *ret) {
1356         _cleanup_free_ char *ln = NULL;
1357         uint64_t t;
1358         int r;
1359
1360         r = read_one_line_file(fn, &ln);
1361         if (r < 0)
1362                 return r;
1363
1364         r = safe_atou64(ln, &t);
1365         if (r < 0)
1366                 return r;
1367
1368         if (t <= 0 || t >= (uint64_t) USEC_INFINITY)
1369                 return -ERANGE;
1370
1371         *ret = (usec_t) t;
1372         return 0;
1373 }
1374
1375 int fputs_with_space(FILE *f, const char *s, const char *separator, bool *space) {
1376         int r;
1377
1378         assert(s);
1379
1380         /* Outputs the specified string with fputs(), but optionally prefixes it with a separator. The *space parameter
1381          * when specified shall initially point to a boolean variable initialized to false. It is set to true after the
1382          * first invocation. This call is supposed to be use in loops, where a separator shall be inserted between each
1383          * element, but not before the first one. */
1384
1385         if (!f)
1386                 f = stdout;
1387
1388         if (space) {
1389                 if (!separator)
1390                         separator = " ";
1391
1392                 if (*space) {
1393                         r = fputs(separator, f);
1394                         if (r < 0)
1395                                 return r;
1396                 }
1397
1398                 *space = true;
1399         }
1400
1401         return fputs(s, f);
1402 }
1403
1404 int open_tmpfile_unlinkable(const char *directory, int flags) {
1405         char *p;
1406         int fd, r;
1407
1408         if (!directory) {
1409                 r = tmp_dir(&directory);
1410                 if (r < 0)
1411                         return r;
1412         }
1413
1414         /* Returns an unlinked temporary file that cannot be linked into the file system anymore */
1415
1416         /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
1417         fd = open(directory, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
1418         if (fd >= 0)
1419                 return fd;
1420
1421         /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
1422         p = strjoina(directory, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
1423
1424         fd = mkostemp_safe(p);
1425         if (fd < 0)
1426                 return fd;
1427
1428         (void) unlink(p);
1429
1430         return fd;
1431 }
1432
1433 int open_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path) {
1434         _cleanup_free_ char *tmp = NULL;
1435         int r, fd;
1436
1437         assert(target);
1438         assert(ret_path);
1439
1440         /* Don't allow O_EXCL, as that has a special meaning for O_TMPFILE */
1441         assert((flags & O_EXCL) == 0);
1442
1443         /* Creates a temporary file, that shall be renamed to "target" later. If possible, this uses O_TMPFILE – in
1444          * which case "ret_path" will be returned as NULL. If not possible a the tempoary path name used is returned in
1445          * "ret_path". Use link_tmpfile() below to rename the result after writing the file in full. */
1446
1447         {
1448                 _cleanup_free_ char *dn = NULL;
1449
1450                 dn = dirname_malloc(target);
1451                 if (!dn)
1452                         return -ENOMEM;
1453
1454                 fd = open(dn, O_TMPFILE|flags, 0640);
1455                 if (fd >= 0) {
1456                         *ret_path = NULL;
1457                         return fd;
1458                 }
1459
1460                 log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to use O_TMPFILE on %s: %m", dn);
1461         }
1462
1463         r = tempfn_random(target, NULL, &tmp);
1464         if (r < 0)
1465                 return r;
1466
1467         fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY|flags, 0640);
1468         if (fd < 0)
1469                 return -errno;
1470
1471         *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(tmp);
1472
1473         return fd;
1474 }
1475
1476 int open_serialization_fd(const char *ident) {
1477         int fd = -1;
1478
1479         fd = memfd_create(ident, MFD_CLOEXEC);
1480         if (fd < 0) {
1481                 const char *path;
1482
1483                 path = getpid_cached() == 1 ? "/run/systemd" : "/tmp";
1484                 fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(path, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
1485                 if (fd < 0)
1486                         return fd;
1487
1488                 log_debug("Serializing %s to %s.", ident, path);
1489         } else
1490                 log_debug("Serializing %s to memfd.", ident);
1491
1492         return fd;
1493 }
1494
1495 int link_tmpfile(int fd, const char *path, const char *target) {
1496
1497         assert(fd >= 0);
1498         assert(target);
1499
1500         /* Moves a temporary file created with open_tmpfile() above into its final place. if "path" is NULL an fd
1501          * created with O_TMPFILE is assumed, and linkat() is used. Otherwise it is assumed O_TMPFILE is not supported
1502          * on the directory, and renameat2() is used instead.
1503          *
1504          * Note that in both cases we will not replace existing files. This is because linkat() does not support this
1505          * operation currently (renameat2() does), and there is no nice way to emulate this. */
1506
1507         if (path) {
1508                 if (rename_noreplace(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_FDCWD, target) < 0)
1509                         return -errno;
1510         } else {
1511                 char proc_fd_path[STRLEN("/proc/self/fd/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(fd) + 1];
1512
1513                 xsprintf(proc_fd_path, "/proc/self/fd/%i", fd);
1514
1515                 if (linkat(AT_FDCWD, proc_fd_path, AT_FDCWD, target, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) < 0)
1516                         return -errno;
1517         }
1518
1519         return 0;
1520 }
1521
1522 int read_nul_string(FILE *f, char **ret) {
1523         _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL;
1524         size_t allocated = 0, n = 0;
1525
1526         assert(f);
1527         assert(ret);
1528
1529         /* Reads a NUL-terminated string from the specified file. */
1530
1531         for (;;) {
1532                 int c;
1533
1534                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(x, allocated, n+2))
1535                         return -ENOMEM;
1536
1537                 c = fgetc(f);
1538                 if (c == 0) /* Terminate at NUL byte */
1539                         break;
1540                 if (c == EOF) {
1541                         if (ferror(f))
1542                                 return -errno;
1543                         break; /* Terminate at EOF */
1544                 }
1545
1546                 x[n++] = (char) c;
1547         }
1548
1549         if (x)
1550                 x[n] = 0;
1551         else {
1552                 x = new0(char, 1);
1553                 if (!x)
1554                         return -ENOMEM;
1555         }
1556
1557         *ret = TAKE_PTR(x);
1558
1559         return 0;
1560 }
1561
1562 int mkdtemp_malloc(const char *template, char **ret) {
1563         char *p;
1564
1565         assert(template);
1566         assert(ret);
1567
1568         p = strdup(template);
1569         if (!p)
1570                 return -ENOMEM;
1571
1572         if (!mkdtemp(p)) {
1573                 free(p);
1574                 return -errno;
1575         }
1576
1577         *ret = p;
1578         return 0;
1579 }
1580
1581 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, funlockfile);
1582
1583 int read_line(FILE *f, size_t limit, char **ret) {
1584         _cleanup_free_ char *buffer = NULL;
1585         size_t n = 0, allocated = 0, count = 0;
1586
1587         assert(f);
1588
1589         /* Something like a bounded version of getline().
1590          *
1591          * Considers EOF, \n and \0 end of line delimiters, and does not include these delimiters in the string
1592          * returned.
1593          *
1594          * Returns the number of bytes read from the files (i.e. including delimiters — this hence usually differs from
1595          * the number of characters in the returned string). When EOF is hit, 0 is returned.
1596          *
1597          * The input parameter limit is the maximum numbers of characters in the returned string, i.e. excluding
1598          * delimiters. If the limit is hit we fail and return -ENOBUFS.
1599          *
1600          * If a line shall be skipped ret may be initialized as NULL. */
1601
1602         if (ret) {
1603                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(buffer, allocated, 1))
1604                         return -ENOMEM;
1605         }
1606
1607         {
1608                 _unused_ _cleanup_(funlockfilep) FILE *flocked = f;
1609                 flockfile(f);
1610
1611                 for (;;) {
1612                         int c;
1613
1614                         if (n >= limit)
1615                                 return -ENOBUFS;
1616
1617                         errno = 0;
1618                         c = fgetc_unlocked(f);
1619                         if (c == EOF) {
1620                                 /* if we read an error, and have no data to return, then propagate the error */
1621                                 if (ferror_unlocked(f) && n == 0)
1622                                         return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
1623
1624                                 break;
1625                         }
1626
1627                         count++;
1628
1629                         if (IN_SET(c, '\n', 0)) /* Reached a delimiter */
1630                                 break;
1631
1632                         if (ret) {
1633                                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(buffer, allocated, n + 2))
1634                                         return -ENOMEM;
1635
1636                                 buffer[n] = (char) c;
1637                         }
1638
1639                         n++;
1640                 }
1641         }
1642
1643         if (ret) {
1644                 buffer[n] = 0;
1645
1646                 *ret = TAKE_PTR(buffer);
1647         }
1648
1649         return (int) count;
1650 }