1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
15 #include <sys/inotify.h>
20 # define PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH 8
25 #include "sd-device.h"
26 #include "sd-journal.h"
29 #include "alloc-util.h"
30 #include "bus-error.h"
33 #include "chattr-util.h"
35 #include "device-private.h"
40 #include "glob-util.h"
41 #include "hostname-util.h"
42 #include "id128-print.h"
44 #include "journal-def.h"
45 #include "journal-internal.h"
46 #include "journal-qrcode.h"
47 #include "journal-util.h"
48 #include "journal-vacuum.h"
49 #include "journal-verify.h"
50 #include "locale-util.h"
52 #include "logs-show.h"
55 #include "parse-util.h"
56 #include "path-util.h"
57 #include "pretty-print.h"
58 #include "rlimit-util.h"
61 #include "string-table.h"
63 #include "syslog-util.h"
64 #include "terminal-util.h"
65 #include "unit-name.h"
66 #include "user-util.h"
68 #define DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC (15*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
70 #define PROCESS_INOTIFY_INTERVAL 1024 /* Every 1,024 messages processed */
73 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(pcre2_match_data
*, pcre2_match_data_free
);
74 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(pcre2_code
*, pcre2_code_free
);
76 static int pattern_compile(const char *pattern
, unsigned flags
, pcre2_code
**out
) {
78 PCRE2_SIZE erroroffset
;
81 p
= pcre2_compile((PCRE2_SPTR8
) pattern
,
82 PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED
, flags
, &errorcode
, &erroroffset
, NULL
);
84 unsigned char buf
[LINE_MAX
];
86 r
= pcre2_get_error_message(errorcode
, buf
, sizeof buf
);
88 log_error("Bad pattern \"%s\": %s",
90 r
< 0 ? "unknown error" : (char*) buf
);
101 /* Special values for arg_lines */
102 ARG_LINES_DEFAULT
= -2,
106 static OutputMode arg_output
= OUTPUT_SHORT
;
107 static bool arg_utc
= false;
108 static bool arg_follow
= false;
109 static bool arg_full
= true;
110 static bool arg_all
= false;
111 static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags
= 0;
112 static int arg_lines
= ARG_LINES_DEFAULT
;
113 static bool arg_no_tail
= false;
114 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
115 static bool arg_merge
= false;
116 static bool arg_boot
= false;
117 static sd_id128_t arg_boot_id
= {};
118 static int arg_boot_offset
= 0;
119 static bool arg_dmesg
= false;
120 static bool arg_no_hostname
= false;
121 static const char *arg_cursor
= NULL
;
122 static const char *arg_after_cursor
= NULL
;
123 static bool arg_show_cursor
= false;
124 static const char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
125 static char **arg_file
= NULL
;
126 static bool arg_file_stdin
= false;
127 static int arg_priorities
= 0xFF;
128 static char *arg_verify_key
= NULL
;
130 static usec_t arg_interval
= DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC
;
131 static bool arg_force
= false;
133 static usec_t arg_since
, arg_until
;
134 static bool arg_since_set
= false, arg_until_set
= false;
135 static char **arg_syslog_identifier
= NULL
;
136 static char **arg_system_units
= NULL
;
137 static char **arg_user_units
= NULL
;
138 static const char *arg_field
= NULL
;
139 static bool arg_catalog
= false;
140 static bool arg_reverse
= false;
141 static int arg_journal_type
= 0;
142 static char *arg_root
= NULL
;
143 static const char *arg_machine
= NULL
;
144 static uint64_t arg_vacuum_size
= 0;
145 static uint64_t arg_vacuum_n_files
= 0;
146 static usec_t arg_vacuum_time
= 0;
147 static char **arg_output_fields
= NULL
;
150 static const char *arg_pattern
= NULL
;
151 static pcre2_code
*arg_compiled_pattern
= NULL
;
152 static int arg_case_sensitive
= -1; /* -1 means be smart */
164 ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
,
170 ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
,
172 ACTION_LIST_FIELD_NAMES
,
173 } arg_action
= ACTION_SHOW
;
175 typedef struct BootId
{
179 LIST_FIELDS(struct BootId
, boot_list
);
182 static int add_matches_for_device(sd_journal
*j
, const char *devpath
) {
183 _cleanup_(sd_device_unrefp
) sd_device
*device
= NULL
;
191 if (!path_startswith(devpath
, "/dev/")) {
192 log_error("Devpath does not start with /dev/");
196 if (stat(devpath
, &st
) < 0)
197 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Couldn't stat file: %m");
199 r
= device_new_from_stat_rdev(&device
, &st
);
201 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get device from devnum %u:%u: %m", major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
));
203 for (d
= device
; d
; ) {
204 _cleanup_free_
char *match
= NULL
;
205 const char *subsys
, *sysname
, *devnode
;
208 r
= sd_device_get_subsystem(d
, &subsys
);
212 r
= sd_device_get_sysname(d
, &sysname
);
216 match
= strjoin("_KERNEL_DEVICE=+", subsys
, ":", sysname
);
220 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match
, 0);
222 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match: %m");
224 if (sd_device_get_devname(d
, &devnode
) >= 0) {
225 _cleanup_free_
char *match1
= NULL
;
227 r
= stat(devnode
, &st
);
229 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to stat() device node \"%s\": %m", devnode
);
231 r
= asprintf(&match1
, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=%c%u:%u", S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
) ? 'b' : 'c', major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
));
235 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match1
, 0);
237 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match: %m");
241 if (sd_device_get_parent(d
, &parent
) < 0)
247 r
= add_match_this_boot(j
, arg_machine
);
249 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match for the current boot: %m");
254 static char *format_timestamp_maybe_utc(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
257 return format_timestamp_utc(buf
, l
, t
);
259 return format_timestamp(buf
, l
, t
);
262 static int parse_boot_descriptor(const char *x
, sd_id128_t
*boot_id
, int *offset
) {
263 sd_id128_t id
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
266 if (strlen(x
) >= 32) {
270 r
= sd_id128_from_string(t
, &id
);
274 if (!IN_SET(*x
, 0, '-', '+'))
278 r
= safe_atoi(x
, &off
);
283 r
= safe_atoi(x
, &off
);
297 static int help(void) {
298 _cleanup_free_
char *link
= NULL
;
301 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
303 r
= terminal_urlify_man("journalctl", "1", &link
);
307 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
308 "Query the journal.\n\n"
310 " --system Show the system journal\n"
311 " --user Show the user journal for the current user\n"
312 " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
313 " -S --since=DATE Show entries not older than the specified date\n"
314 " -U --until=DATE Show entries not newer than the specified date\n"
315 " -c --cursor=CURSOR Show entries starting at the specified cursor\n"
316 " --after-cursor=CURSOR Show entries after the specified cursor\n"
317 " --show-cursor Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
318 " -b --boot[=ID] Show current boot or the specified boot\n"
319 " --list-boots Show terse information about recorded boots\n"
320 " -k --dmesg Show kernel message log from the current boot\n"
321 " -u --unit=UNIT Show logs from the specified unit\n"
322 " --user-unit=UNIT Show logs from the specified user unit\n"
323 " -t --identifier=STRING Show entries with the specified syslog identifier\n"
324 " -p --priority=RANGE Show entries with the specified priority\n"
325 " -g --grep=PATTERN Show entries with MESSAGE matching PATTERN\n"
326 " --case-sensitive[=BOOL] Force case sensitive or insenstive matching\n"
327 " -e --pager-end Immediately jump to the end in the pager\n"
328 " -f --follow Follow the journal\n"
329 " -n --lines[=INTEGER] Number of journal entries to show\n"
330 " --no-tail Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
331 " -r --reverse Show the newest entries first\n"
332 " -o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-precise,\n"
333 " short-iso, short-iso-precise, short-full,\n"
334 " short-monotonic, short-unix, verbose, export,\n"
335 " json, json-pretty, json-sse, json-seq, cat,\n"
337 " --output-fields=LIST Select fields to print in verbose/export/json modes\n"
338 " --utc Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)\n"
339 " -x --catalog Add message explanations where available\n"
340 " --no-full Ellipsize fields\n"
341 " -a --all Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
342 " -q --quiet Do not show info messages and privilege warning\n"
343 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
344 " --no-hostname Suppress output of hostname field\n"
345 " -m --merge Show entries from all available journals\n"
346 " -D --directory=PATH Show journal files from directory\n"
347 " --file=PATH Show journal file\n"
348 " --root=ROOT Operate on files below a root directory\n"
349 " --interval=TIME Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
350 " --verify-key=KEY Specify FSS verification key\n"
351 " --force Override of the FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
353 " -h --help Show this help text\n"
354 " --version Show package version\n"
355 " -N --fields List all field names currently used\n"
356 " -F --field=FIELD List all values that a specified field takes\n"
357 " --disk-usage Show total disk usage of all journal files\n"
358 " --vacuum-size=BYTES Reduce disk usage below specified size\n"
359 " --vacuum-files=INT Leave only the specified number of journal files\n"
360 " --vacuum-time=TIME Remove journal files older than specified time\n"
361 " --verify Verify journal file consistency\n"
362 " --sync Synchronize unwritten journal messages to disk\n"
363 " --flush Flush all journal data from /run into /var\n"
364 " --rotate Request immediate rotation of the journal files\n"
365 " --header Show journal header information\n"
366 " --list-catalog Show all message IDs in the catalog\n"
367 " --dump-catalog Show entries in the message catalog\n"
368 " --update-catalog Update the message catalog database\n"
369 " --setup-keys Generate a new FSS key pair\n"
370 "\nSee the %s for details.\n"
371 , program_invocation_short_name
378 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
417 static const struct option options
[] = {
418 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
419 { "version" , no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
420 { "no-pager", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_PAGER
},
421 { "pager-end", no_argument
, NULL
, 'e' },
422 { "follow", no_argument
, NULL
, 'f' },
423 { "force", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_FORCE
},
424 { "output", required_argument
, NULL
, 'o' },
425 { "all", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
426 { "full", no_argument
, NULL
, 'l' },
427 { "no-full", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_FULL
},
428 { "lines", optional_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
429 { "no-tail", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_TAIL
},
430 { "new-id128", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NEW_ID128
}, /* deprecated */
431 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
432 { "merge", no_argument
, NULL
, 'm' },
433 { "this-boot", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_THIS_BOOT
}, /* deprecated */
434 { "boot", optional_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
435 { "list-boots", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LIST_BOOTS
},
436 { "dmesg", no_argument
, NULL
, 'k' },
437 { "system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM
},
438 { "user", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_USER
},
439 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
440 { "file", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_FILE
},
441 { "root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT
},
442 { "header", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_HEADER
},
443 { "identifier", required_argument
, NULL
, 't' },
444 { "priority", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
445 { "grep", required_argument
, NULL
, 'g' },
446 { "case-sensitive", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CASE_SENSITIVE
},
447 { "setup-keys", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETUP_KEYS
},
448 { "interval", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_INTERVAL
},
449 { "verify", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERIFY
},
450 { "verify-key", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERIFY_KEY
},
451 { "disk-usage", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DISK_USAGE
},
452 { "cursor", required_argument
, NULL
, 'c' },
453 { "after-cursor", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR
},
454 { "show-cursor", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR
},
455 { "since", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
456 { "until", required_argument
, NULL
, 'U' },
457 { "unit", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
458 { "user-unit", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_USER_UNIT
},
459 { "field", required_argument
, NULL
, 'F' },
460 { "fields", no_argument
, NULL
, 'N' },
461 { "catalog", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
462 { "list-catalog", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LIST_CATALOG
},
463 { "dump-catalog", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG
},
464 { "update-catalog", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG
},
465 { "reverse", no_argument
, NULL
, 'r' },
466 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
467 { "utc", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UTC
},
468 { "flush", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_FLUSH
},
469 { "sync", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYNC
},
470 { "rotate", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROTATE
},
471 { "vacuum-size", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VACUUM_SIZE
},
472 { "vacuum-files", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VACUUM_FILES
},
473 { "vacuum-time", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VACUUM_TIME
},
474 { "no-hostname", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_HOSTNAME
},
475 { "output-fields", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OUTPUT_FIELDS
},
484 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:g:c:S:U:t:u:NF:xrM:", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
495 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_DISABLE
;
499 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_JUMP_TO_END
;
501 if (arg_lines
== ARG_LINES_DEFAULT
)
511 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
512 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(output_mode
, OutputMode
, _OUTPUT_MODE_MAX
);
516 arg_output
= output_mode_from_string(optarg
);
517 if (arg_output
< 0) {
518 log_error("Unknown output format '%s'.", optarg
);
522 if (IN_SET(arg_output
, OUTPUT_EXPORT
, OUTPUT_JSON
, OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY
, OUTPUT_JSON_SSE
, OUTPUT_JSON_SEQ
, OUTPUT_CAT
))
541 if (streq(optarg
, "all"))
542 arg_lines
= ARG_LINES_ALL
;
544 r
= safe_atoi(optarg
, &arg_lines
);
545 if (r
< 0 || arg_lines
< 0) {
546 log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg
);
553 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
554 * word on the command line is
555 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
556 * see if there is one, and is
560 if (streq(argv
[optind
], "all")) {
561 arg_lines
= ARG_LINES_ALL
;
563 } else if (safe_atoi(argv
[optind
], &n
) >= 0 && n
>= 0) {
577 arg_action
= ACTION_NEW_ID128
;
596 r
= parse_boot_descriptor(optarg
, &arg_boot_id
, &arg_boot_offset
);
598 log_error("Failed to parse boot descriptor '%s'", optarg
);
603 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
604 * word on the command line is
605 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
606 * see if there is one and is parsable
607 * as a boot descriptor... */
610 parse_boot_descriptor(argv
[optind
], &arg_boot_id
, &arg_boot_offset
) >= 0)
617 arg_action
= ACTION_LIST_BOOTS
;
621 arg_boot
= arg_dmesg
= true;
625 arg_journal_type
|= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM
;
629 arg_journal_type
|= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER
;
633 arg_machine
= optarg
;
637 arg_directory
= optarg
;
641 if (streq(optarg
, "-"))
642 /* An undocumented feature: we can read journal files from STDIN. We don't document
643 * this though, since after all we only support this for mmap-able, seekable files, and
644 * not for example pipes which are probably the primary usecase for reading things from
645 * STDIN. To avoid confusion we hence don't document this feature. */
646 arg_file_stdin
= true;
648 r
= glob_extend(&arg_file
, optarg
);
650 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add paths: %m");
655 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, true, &arg_root
);
664 case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR
:
665 arg_after_cursor
= optarg
;
668 case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR
:
669 arg_show_cursor
= true;
673 arg_action
= ACTION_PRINT_HEADER
;
677 arg_action
= ACTION_VERIFY
;
681 arg_action
= ACTION_DISK_USAGE
;
684 case ARG_VACUUM_SIZE
:
685 r
= parse_size(optarg
, 1024, &arg_vacuum_size
);
687 log_error("Failed to parse vacuum size: %s", optarg
);
691 arg_action
= arg_action
== ACTION_ROTATE
? ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
: ACTION_VACUUM
;
694 case ARG_VACUUM_FILES
:
695 r
= safe_atou64(optarg
, &arg_vacuum_n_files
);
697 log_error("Failed to parse vacuum files: %s", optarg
);
701 arg_action
= arg_action
== ACTION_ROTATE
? ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
: ACTION_VACUUM
;
704 case ARG_VACUUM_TIME
:
705 r
= parse_sec(optarg
, &arg_vacuum_time
);
707 log_error("Failed to parse vacuum time: %s", optarg
);
711 arg_action
= arg_action
== ACTION_ROTATE
? ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
: ACTION_VACUUM
;
720 arg_action
= ACTION_SETUP_KEYS
;
724 arg_action
= ACTION_VERIFY
;
725 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_verify_key
, optarg
);
728 /* Use memset not string_erase so this doesn't look confusing
729 * in ps or htop output. */
730 memset(optarg
, 'x', strlen(optarg
));
736 r
= parse_sec(optarg
, &arg_interval
);
737 if (r
< 0 || arg_interval
<= 0) {
738 log_error("Failed to parse sealing key change interval: %s", optarg
);
747 log_error("Compiled without forward-secure sealing support.");
754 dots
= strstr(optarg
, "..");
760 a
= strndup(optarg
, dots
- optarg
);
764 from
= log_level_from_string(a
);
765 to
= log_level_from_string(dots
+ 2);
768 if (from
< 0 || to
< 0) {
769 log_error("Failed to parse log level range %s", optarg
);
776 for (i
= from
; i
<= to
; i
++)
777 arg_priorities
|= 1 << i
;
779 for (i
= to
; i
<= from
; i
++)
780 arg_priorities
|= 1 << i
;
786 p
= log_level_from_string(optarg
);
788 log_error("Unknown log level %s", optarg
);
794 for (i
= 0; i
<= p
; i
++)
795 arg_priorities
|= 1 << i
;
803 arg_pattern
= optarg
;
806 case ARG_CASE_SENSITIVE
:
808 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
810 return log_error_errno(r
, "Bad --case-sensitive= argument \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
811 arg_case_sensitive
= r
;
813 arg_case_sensitive
= true;
818 case ARG_CASE_SENSITIVE
:
819 return log_error("Compiled without pattern matching support");
823 r
= parse_timestamp(optarg
, &arg_since
);
825 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg
);
828 arg_since_set
= true;
832 r
= parse_timestamp(optarg
, &arg_until
);
834 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg
);
837 arg_until_set
= true;
841 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syslog_identifier
, optarg
);
847 r
= strv_extend(&arg_system_units
, optarg
);
853 r
= strv_extend(&arg_user_units
, optarg
);
859 arg_action
= ACTION_LIST_FIELDS
;
864 arg_action
= ACTION_LIST_FIELD_NAMES
;
867 case ARG_NO_HOSTNAME
:
868 arg_no_hostname
= true;
875 case ARG_LIST_CATALOG
:
876 arg_action
= ACTION_LIST_CATALOG
;
879 case ARG_DUMP_CATALOG
:
880 arg_action
= ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG
;
883 case ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG
:
884 arg_action
= ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
;
896 arg_action
= ACTION_FLUSH
;
900 arg_action
= arg_action
== ACTION_VACUUM
? ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
: ACTION_ROTATE
;
904 arg_action
= ACTION_SYNC
;
907 case ARG_OUTPUT_FIELDS
: {
908 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **v
= NULL
;
910 v
= strv_split(optarg
, ",");
914 if (!arg_output_fields
)
915 arg_output_fields
= TAKE_PTR(v
);
917 r
= strv_extend_strv(&arg_output_fields
, v
, true);
928 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
931 if (arg_follow
&& !arg_no_tail
&& !arg_since
&& arg_lines
== ARG_LINES_DEFAULT
)
934 if (!!arg_directory
+ !!arg_file
+ !!arg_machine
+ !!arg_root
> 1) {
935 log_error("Please specify at most one of -D/--directory=, --file=, -M/--machine=, --root.");
939 if (arg_since_set
&& arg_until_set
&& arg_since
> arg_until
) {
940 log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
944 if (!!arg_cursor
+ !!arg_after_cursor
+ !!arg_since_set
> 1) {
945 log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
949 if (arg_follow
&& arg_reverse
) {
950 log_error("Please specify either --reverse= or --follow=, not both.");
954 if (!IN_SET(arg_action
, ACTION_SHOW
, ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG
, ACTION_LIST_CATALOG
) && optind
< argc
) {
955 log_error("Extraneous arguments starting with '%s'", argv
[optind
]);
959 if ((arg_boot
|| arg_action
== ACTION_LIST_BOOTS
) && arg_merge
) {
960 log_error("Using --boot or --list-boots with --merge is not supported.");
964 if (!strv_isempty(arg_system_units
) && arg_journal_type
== SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER
) {
965 /* Specifying --user and --unit= at the same time makes no sense (as the former excludes the user
966 * journal, but the latter excludes the system journal, thus resulting in empty output). Let's be nice
967 * to users, and automatically turn --unit= into --user-unit= if combined with --user. */
968 r
= strv_extend_strv(&arg_user_units
, arg_system_units
, true);
972 arg_system_units
= strv_free(arg_system_units
);
979 if (arg_case_sensitive
>= 0)
980 flags
= !arg_case_sensitive
* PCRE2_CASELESS
;
982 _cleanup_(pcre2_match_data_freep
) pcre2_match_data
*md
= NULL
;
984 _cleanup_(pcre2_code_freep
) pcre2_code
*cs
= NULL
;
986 md
= pcre2_match_data_create(1, NULL
);
990 r
= pattern_compile("[[:upper:]]", 0, &cs
);
994 r
= pcre2_match(cs
, (PCRE2_SPTR8
) arg_pattern
, PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED
, 0, 0, md
, NULL
);
997 flags
= !has_case
* PCRE2_CASELESS
;
1000 log_debug("Doing case %s matching based on %s",
1001 flags
& PCRE2_CASELESS
? "insensitive" : "sensitive",
1002 arg_case_sensitive
>= 0 ? "request" : "pattern casing");
1004 r
= pattern_compile(arg_pattern
, flags
, &arg_compiled_pattern
);
1013 static int add_matches(sd_journal
*j
, char **args
) {
1015 bool have_term
= false;
1019 STRV_FOREACH(i
, args
) {
1022 if (streq(*i
, "+")) {
1025 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1028 } else if (path_is_absolute(*i
)) {
1029 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *t
= NULL
, *t2
= NULL
, *interpreter
= NULL
;
1032 r
= chase_symlinks(*i
, NULL
, CHASE_TRAIL_SLASH
, &p
);
1034 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't canonicalize path: %m");
1036 if (lstat(p
, &st
) < 0)
1037 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Couldn't stat file: %m");
1039 if (S_ISREG(st
.st_mode
) && (0111 & st
.st_mode
)) {
1040 if (executable_is_script(p
, &interpreter
) > 0) {
1041 _cleanup_free_
char *comm
;
1043 comm
= strndup(basename(p
), 15);
1047 t
= strappend("_COMM=", comm
);
1051 /* Append _EXE only if the interpreter is not a link.
1052 Otherwise, it might be outdated often. */
1053 if (lstat(interpreter
, &st
) == 0 && !S_ISLNK(st
.st_mode
)) {
1054 t2
= strappend("_EXE=", interpreter
);
1059 t
= strappend("_EXE=", p
);
1064 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, t
, 0);
1067 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, t2
, 0);
1069 } else if (S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) || S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
)) {
1070 r
= add_matches_for_device(j
, p
);
1074 log_error("File is neither a device node, nor regular file, nor executable: %s", *i
);
1080 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, *i
, 0);
1085 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match '%s': %m", *i
);
1088 if (!strv_isempty(args
) && !have_term
) {
1089 log_error("\"+\" can only be used between terms");
1096 static void boot_id_free_all(BootId
*l
) {
1100 LIST_REMOVE(boot_list
, l
, i
);
1105 static int discover_next_boot(sd_journal
*j
,
1106 sd_id128_t previous_boot_id
,
1110 _cleanup_free_ BootId
*next_boot
= NULL
;
1111 char match
[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
1118 /* We expect the journal to be on the last position of a boot
1119 * (in relation to the direction we are going), so that the next
1120 * invocation of sd_journal_next/previous will be from a different
1121 * boot. We then collect any information we desire and then jump
1122 * to the last location of the new boot by using a _BOOT_ID match
1123 * coming from the other journal direction. */
1125 /* Make sure we aren't restricted by any _BOOT_ID matches, so that
1126 * we can actually advance to a *different* boot. */
1127 sd_journal_flush_matches(j
);
1131 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
);
1133 r
= sd_journal_next(j
);
1137 return 0; /* End of journal, yay. */
1139 r
= sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec(j
, NULL
, &boot_id
);
1143 /* We iterate through this in a loop, until the boot ID differs from the previous one. Note that
1144 * normally, this will only require a single iteration, as we seeked to the last entry of the previous
1145 * boot entry already. However, it might happen that the per-journal-field entry arrays are less
1146 * complete than the main entry array, and hence might reference an entry that's not actually the last
1147 * one of the boot ID as last one. Let's hence use the per-field array is initial seek position to
1148 * speed things up, but let's not trust that it is complete, and hence, manually advance as
1151 } while (sd_id128_equal(boot_id
, previous_boot_id
));
1153 next_boot
= new0(BootId
, 1);
1157 next_boot
->id
= boot_id
;
1159 r
= sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j
, &next_boot
->first
);
1163 /* Now seek to the last occurrence of this boot ID. */
1164 sd_id128_to_string(next_boot
->id
, match
+ 9);
1165 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match
, sizeof(match
) - 1);
1170 r
= sd_journal_seek_head(j
);
1172 r
= sd_journal_seek_tail(j
);
1177 r
= sd_journal_next(j
);
1179 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
);
1183 log_debug("Whoopsie! We found a boot ID but can't read its last entry.");
1184 return -ENODATA
; /* This shouldn't happen. We just came from this very boot ID. */
1187 r
= sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j
, &next_boot
->last
);
1191 *ret
= TAKE_PTR(next_boot
);
1196 static int get_boots(
1199 sd_id128_t
*boot_id
,
1204 BootId
*head
= NULL
, *tail
= NULL
, *id
;
1205 const bool advance_older
= boot_id
&& offset
<= 0;
1206 sd_id128_t previous_boot_id
;
1210 /* Adjust for the asymmetry that offset 0 is
1211 * the last (and current) boot, while 1 is considered the
1212 * (chronological) first boot in the journal. */
1213 skip_once
= boot_id
&& sd_id128_is_null(*boot_id
) && offset
<= 0;
1215 /* Advance to the earliest/latest occurrence of our reference
1216 * boot ID (taking our lookup direction into account), so that
1217 * discover_next_boot() can do its job.
1218 * If no reference is given, the journal head/tail will do,
1219 * they're "virtual" boots after all. */
1220 if (boot_id
&& !sd_id128_is_null(*boot_id
)) {
1221 char match
[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
1223 sd_journal_flush_matches(j
);
1225 sd_id128_to_string(*boot_id
, match
+ 9);
1226 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match
, sizeof(match
) - 1);
1231 r
= sd_journal_seek_head(j
); /* seek to oldest */
1233 r
= sd_journal_seek_tail(j
); /* seek to newest */
1238 r
= sd_journal_next(j
); /* read the oldest entry */
1240 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
); /* read the most recently added entry */
1245 else if (offset
== 0) {
1250 /* At this point the read pointer is positioned at the oldest/newest occurence of the reference boot
1251 * ID. After flushing the matches, one more invocation of _previous()/_next() will hence place us at
1252 * the following entry, which must then have an older/newer boot ID */
1256 r
= sd_journal_seek_tail(j
); /* seek to newest */
1258 r
= sd_journal_seek_head(j
); /* seek to oldest */
1262 /* No sd_journal_next()/_previous() here.
1264 * At this point the read pointer is positioned after the newest/before the oldest entry in the whole
1265 * journal. The next invocation of _previous()/_next() will hence position us at the newest/oldest
1269 previous_boot_id
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
1271 _cleanup_free_ BootId
*current
= NULL
;
1273 r
= discover_next_boot(j
, previous_boot_id
, advance_older
, ¤t
);
1275 boot_id_free_all(head
);
1282 previous_boot_id
= current
->id
;
1286 offset
+= advance_older
? 1 : -1;
1291 *boot_id
= current
->id
;
1295 LIST_FOREACH(boot_list
, id
, head
) {
1296 if (sd_id128_equal(id
->id
, current
->id
)) {
1297 /* boot id already stored, something wrong with the journal files */
1298 /* exiting as otherwise this problem would cause forever loop */
1302 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(boot_list
, head
, tail
, current
);
1303 tail
= TAKE_PTR(current
);
1312 sd_journal_flush_matches(j
);
1317 static int list_boots(sd_journal
*j
) {
1319 BootId
*id
, *all_ids
;
1323 count
= get_boots(j
, &all_ids
, NULL
, 0);
1325 return log_error_errno(count
, "Failed to determine boots: %m");
1329 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
1331 /* numbers are one less, but we need an extra char for the sign */
1332 w
= DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(count
- 1) + 1;
1335 LIST_FOREACH(boot_list
, id
, all_ids
) {
1336 char a
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
], b
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
];
1338 printf("% *i " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
" %s—%s\n",
1340 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id
->id
),
1341 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a
, sizeof(a
), id
->first
),
1342 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b
, sizeof(b
), id
->last
));
1346 boot_id_free_all(all_ids
);
1351 static int add_boot(sd_journal
*j
) {
1352 char match
[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
1361 /* Take a shortcut and use the current boot_id, which we can do very quickly.
1362 * We can do this only when we logs are coming from the current machine,
1363 * so take the slow path if log location is specified. */
1364 if (arg_boot_offset
== 0 && sd_id128_is_null(arg_boot_id
) &&
1365 !arg_directory
&& !arg_file
&& !arg_root
)
1367 return add_match_this_boot(j
, arg_machine
);
1369 boot_id
= arg_boot_id
;
1370 r
= get_boots(j
, NULL
, &boot_id
, arg_boot_offset
);
1373 const char *reason
= (r
== 0) ? "No such boot ID in journal" : strerror(-r
);
1375 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_boot_id
))
1376 log_error("Data from the specified boot (%+i) is not available: %s",
1377 arg_boot_offset
, reason
);
1379 log_error("Data from the specified boot ("SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
") is not available: %s",
1380 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_boot_id
), reason
);
1382 return r
== 0 ? -ENODATA
: r
;
1385 sd_id128_to_string(boot_id
, match
+ 9);
1387 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match
, sizeof(match
) - 1);
1389 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match: %m");
1391 r
= sd_journal_add_conjunction(j
);
1393 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add conjunction: %m");
1398 static int add_dmesg(sd_journal
*j
) {
1405 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, "_TRANSPORT=kernel",
1406 STRLEN("_TRANSPORT=kernel"));
1408 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match: %m");
1410 r
= sd_journal_add_conjunction(j
);
1412 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add conjunction: %m");
1417 static int get_possible_units(
1423 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set
*found
;
1427 found
= set_new(&string_hash_ops
);
1431 NULSTR_FOREACH(field
, fields
) {
1435 r
= sd_journal_query_unique(j
, field
);
1439 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j
, data
, size
) {
1440 char **pattern
, *eq
;
1442 _cleanup_free_
char *u
= NULL
;
1444 eq
= memchr(data
, '=', size
);
1446 prefix
= eq
- (char*) data
+ 1;
1450 u
= strndup((char*) data
+ prefix
, size
- prefix
);
1454 STRV_FOREACH(pattern
, patterns
)
1455 if (fnmatch(*pattern
, u
, FNM_NOESCAPE
) == 0) {
1456 log_debug("Matched %s with pattern %s=%s", u
, field
, *pattern
);
1458 r
= set_consume(found
, u
);
1460 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
)
1468 *units
= TAKE_PTR(found
);
1473 /* This list is supposed to return the superset of unit names
1474 * possibly matched by rules added with add_matches_for_unit... */
1475 #define SYSTEM_UNITS \
1479 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT\0" \
1482 /* ... and add_matches_for_user_unit */
1483 #define USER_UNITS \
1484 "_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0" \
1486 "COREDUMP_USER_UNIT\0" \
1487 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0"
1489 static int add_units(sd_journal
*j
) {
1490 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **patterns
= NULL
;
1496 STRV_FOREACH(i
, arg_system_units
) {
1497 _cleanup_free_
char *u
= NULL
;
1499 r
= unit_name_mangle(*i
, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB
| (arg_quiet
? 0 : UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN
), &u
);
1503 if (string_is_glob(u
)) {
1504 r
= strv_push(&patterns
, u
);
1509 r
= add_matches_for_unit(j
, u
);
1512 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1519 if (!strv_isempty(patterns
)) {
1520 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set
*units
= NULL
;
1524 r
= get_possible_units(j
, SYSTEM_UNITS
, patterns
, &units
);
1528 SET_FOREACH(u
, units
, it
) {
1529 r
= add_matches_for_unit(j
, u
);
1532 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1539 patterns
= strv_free(patterns
);
1541 STRV_FOREACH(i
, arg_user_units
) {
1542 _cleanup_free_
char *u
= NULL
;
1544 r
= unit_name_mangle(*i
, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB
| (arg_quiet
? 0 : UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN
), &u
);
1548 if (string_is_glob(u
)) {
1549 r
= strv_push(&patterns
, u
);
1554 r
= add_matches_for_user_unit(j
, u
, getuid());
1557 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1564 if (!strv_isempty(patterns
)) {
1565 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set
*units
= NULL
;
1569 r
= get_possible_units(j
, USER_UNITS
, patterns
, &units
);
1573 SET_FOREACH(u
, units
, it
) {
1574 r
= add_matches_for_user_unit(j
, u
, getuid());
1577 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1584 /* Complain if the user request matches but nothing whatsoever was
1585 * found, since otherwise everything would be matched. */
1586 if (!(strv_isempty(arg_system_units
) && strv_isempty(arg_user_units
)) && count
== 0)
1589 r
= sd_journal_add_conjunction(j
);
1596 static int add_priorities(sd_journal
*j
) {
1597 char match
[] = "PRIORITY=0";
1601 if (arg_priorities
== 0xFF)
1604 for (i
= LOG_EMERG
; i
<= LOG_DEBUG
; i
++)
1605 if (arg_priorities
& (1 << i
)) {
1606 match
[sizeof(match
)-2] = '0' + i
;
1608 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, match
, strlen(match
));
1610 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add match: %m");
1613 r
= sd_journal_add_conjunction(j
);
1615 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add conjunction: %m");
1620 static int add_syslog_identifier(sd_journal
*j
) {
1626 STRV_FOREACH(i
, arg_syslog_identifier
) {
1629 u
= strjoina("SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=", *i
);
1630 r
= sd_journal_add_match(j
, u
, 0);
1633 r
= sd_journal_add_disjunction(j
);
1638 r
= sd_journal_add_conjunction(j
);
1645 static int setup_keys(void) {
1647 size_t mpk_size
, seed_size
, state_size
, i
;
1648 uint8_t *mpk
, *seed
, *state
;
1650 sd_id128_t machine
, boot
;
1651 char *p
= NULL
, *k
= NULL
;
1656 r
= stat("/var/log/journal", &st
);
1657 if (r
< 0 && !IN_SET(errno
, ENOENT
, ENOTDIR
))
1658 return log_error_errno(errno
, "stat(\"%s\") failed: %m", "/var/log/journal");
1660 if (r
< 0 || !S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
)) {
1661 log_error("%s is not a directory, must be using persistent logging for FSS.",
1662 "/var/log/journal");
1663 return r
< 0 ? -errno
: -ENOTDIR
;
1666 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&machine
);
1668 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get machine ID: %m");
1670 r
= sd_id128_get_boot(&boot
);
1672 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get boot ID: %m");
1674 if (asprintf(&p
, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
"/fss",
1675 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine
)) < 0)
1680 if (r
< 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1681 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "unlink(\"%s\") failed: %m", p
);
1684 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) >= 0) {
1685 log_error("Sealing key file %s exists already. Use --force to recreate.", p
);
1690 if (asprintf(&k
, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
"/fss.tmp.XXXXXX",
1691 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine
)) < 0) {
1696 mpk_size
= FSPRG_mskinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR
);
1697 mpk
= alloca(mpk_size
);
1699 seed_size
= FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SEEDLEN
;
1700 seed
= alloca(seed_size
);
1702 state_size
= FSPRG_stateinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR
);
1703 state
= alloca(state_size
);
1705 fd
= open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
);
1707 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open /dev/random: %m");
1711 log_info("Generating seed...");
1712 r
= loop_read_exact(fd
, seed
, seed_size
, true);
1714 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read random seed: %m");
1718 log_info("Generating key pair...");
1719 FSPRG_GenMK(NULL
, mpk
, seed
, seed_size
, FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR
);
1721 log_info("Generating sealing key...");
1722 FSPRG_GenState0(state
, mpk
, seed
, seed_size
);
1724 assert(arg_interval
> 0);
1726 n
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
1730 fd
= mkostemp_safe(k
);
1732 r
= log_error_errno(fd
, "Failed to open %s: %m", k
);
1736 /* Enable secure remove, exclusion from dump, synchronous
1737 * writing and in-place updating */
1738 r
= chattr_fd(fd
, FS_SECRM_FL
|FS_NODUMP_FL
|FS_SYNC_FL
|FS_NOCOW_FL
, FS_SECRM_FL
|FS_NODUMP_FL
|FS_SYNC_FL
|FS_NOCOW_FL
, NULL
);
1740 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to set file attributes: %m");
1743 memcpy(h
.signature
, "KSHHRHLP", 8);
1744 h
.machine_id
= machine
;
1746 h
.header_size
= htole64(sizeof(h
));
1747 h
.start_usec
= htole64(n
* arg_interval
);
1748 h
.interval_usec
= htole64(arg_interval
);
1749 h
.fsprg_secpar
= htole16(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR
);
1750 h
.fsprg_state_size
= htole64(state_size
);
1752 r
= loop_write(fd
, &h
, sizeof(h
), false);
1754 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write header: %m");
1758 r
= loop_write(fd
, state
, state_size
, false);
1760 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write state: %m");
1764 if (link(k
, p
) < 0) {
1765 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to link file: %m");
1772 "The new key pair has been generated. The %ssecret sealing key%s has been written to\n"
1773 "the following local file. This key file is automatically updated when the\n"
1774 "sealing key is advanced. It should not be used on multiple hosts.\n"
1778 "Please write down the following %ssecret verification key%s. It should be stored\n"
1779 "at a safe location and should not be saved locally on disk.\n"
1781 ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal(),
1783 ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal(),
1784 ansi_highlight_red());
1787 for (i
= 0; i
< seed_size
; i
++) {
1788 if (i
> 0 && i
% 3 == 0)
1790 printf("%02x", ((uint8_t*) seed
)[i
]);
1793 printf("/%llx-%llx\n", (unsigned long long) n
, (unsigned long long) arg_interval
);
1796 char tsb
[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX
], *hn
;
1800 "The sealing key is automatically changed every %s.\n",
1802 format_timespan(tsb
, sizeof(tsb
), arg_interval
, 0));
1804 hn
= gethostname_malloc();
1807 hostname_cleanup(hn
);
1808 fprintf(stderr
, "\nThe keys have been generated for host %s/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
".\n", hn
, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine
));
1810 fprintf(stderr
, "\nThe keys have been generated for host " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
".\n", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine
));
1813 /* If this is not an UTF-8 system don't print any QR codes */
1814 if (is_locale_utf8()) {
1815 fputs("\nTo transfer the verification key to your phone please scan the QR code below:\n\n", stderr
);
1816 print_qr_code(stderr
, seed
, seed_size
, n
, arg_interval
, hn
, machine
);
1836 log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
1841 static int verify(sd_journal
*j
) {
1848 log_show_color(true);
1850 ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f
, j
->files
, i
) {
1852 usec_t first
= 0, validated
= 0, last
= 0;
1855 if (!arg_verify_key
&& JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f
->header
))
1856 log_notice("Journal file %s has sealing enabled but verification key has not been passed using --verify-key=.", f
->path
);
1859 k
= journal_file_verify(f
, arg_verify_key
, &first
, &validated
, &last
, true);
1861 /* If the key was invalid give up right-away. */
1864 log_warning_errno(k
, "FAIL: %s (%m)", f
->path
);
1867 char a
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
], b
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
], c
[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX
];
1868 log_info("PASS: %s", f
->path
);
1870 if (arg_verify_key
&& JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f
->header
)) {
1871 if (validated
> 0) {
1872 log_info("=> Validated from %s to %s, final %s entries not sealed.",
1873 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a
, sizeof(a
), first
),
1874 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b
, sizeof(b
), validated
),
1875 format_timespan(c
, sizeof(c
), last
> validated
? last
- validated
: 0, 0));
1876 } else if (last
> 0)
1877 log_info("=> No sealing yet, %s of entries not sealed.",
1878 format_timespan(c
, sizeof(c
), last
- first
, 0));
1880 log_info("=> No sealing yet, no entries in file.");
1888 static int flush_to_var(void) {
1889 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
1890 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
1891 _cleanup_close_
int watch_fd
= -1;
1895 log_error("--flush is not supported in conjunction with --machine=.");
1900 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK
) >= 0)
1903 /* OK, let's actually do the full logic, send SIGUSR1 to the
1904 * daemon and set up inotify to wait for the flushed file to appear */
1905 r
= bus_connect_system_systemd(&bus
);
1907 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
1909 r
= sd_bus_call_method(
1911 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1912 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1913 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1917 "ssi", "systemd-journald.service", "main", SIGUSR1
);
1919 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to kill journal service: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
1921 mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
1923 watch_fd
= inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK
|IN_CLOEXEC
);
1925 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create inotify watch: %m");
1927 r
= inotify_add_watch(watch_fd
, "/run/systemd/journal", IN_CREATE
|IN_DONT_FOLLOW
|IN_ONLYDIR
);
1929 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to watch journal directory: %m");
1932 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK
) >= 0)
1935 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1936 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to check for existence of /run/systemd/journal/flushed: %m");
1938 r
= fd_wait_for_event(watch_fd
, POLLIN
, USEC_INFINITY
);
1940 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for event: %m");
1942 r
= flush_fd(watch_fd
);
1944 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to flush inotify events: %m");
1950 static int send_signal_and_wait(int sig
, const char *watch_path
) {
1951 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
1952 _cleanup_close_
int watch_fd
= -1;
1957 log_error("--sync and --rotate are not supported in conjunction with --machine=.");
1961 start
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
1963 /* This call sends the specified signal to journald, and waits
1964 * for acknowledgment by watching the mtime of the specified
1965 * flag file. This is used to trigger syncing or rotation and
1966 * then wait for the operation to complete. */
1971 /* See if a sync happened by now. */
1972 r
= read_timestamp_file(watch_path
, &tstamp
);
1973 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -ENOENT
)
1974 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read %s: %m", watch_path
);
1975 if (r
>= 0 && tstamp
>= start
)
1978 /* Let's ask for a sync, but only once. */
1980 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
1982 r
= bus_connect_system_systemd(&bus
);
1984 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
1986 r
= sd_bus_call_method(
1988 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1989 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1990 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1994 "ssi", "systemd-journald.service", "main", sig
);
1996 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to kill journal service: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
2001 /* Let's install the inotify watch, if we didn't do that yet. */
2004 mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
2006 watch_fd
= inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK
|IN_CLOEXEC
);
2008 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create inotify watch: %m");
2010 r
= inotify_add_watch(watch_fd
, "/run/systemd/journal", IN_MOVED_TO
|IN_DONT_FOLLOW
|IN_ONLYDIR
);
2012 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to watch journal directory: %m");
2014 /* Recheck the flag file immediately, so that we don't miss any event since the last check. */
2018 /* OK, all preparatory steps done, let's wait until
2019 * inotify reports an event. */
2021 r
= fd_wait_for_event(watch_fd
, POLLIN
, USEC_INFINITY
);
2023 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for event: %m");
2025 r
= flush_fd(watch_fd
);
2027 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to flush inotify events: %m");
2033 static int rotate(void) {
2034 return send_signal_and_wait(SIGUSR2
, "/run/systemd/journal/rotated");
2037 static int sync_journal(void) {
2038 return send_signal_and_wait(SIGRTMIN
+1, "/run/systemd/journal/synced");
2041 static int wait_for_change(sd_journal
*j
, int poll_fd
) {
2042 struct pollfd pollfds
[] = {
2043 { .fd
= poll_fd
, .events
= POLLIN
},
2044 { .fd
= STDOUT_FILENO
},
2052 assert(poll_fd
>= 0);
2054 /* Much like sd_journal_wait() but also keeps an eye on STDOUT, and exits as soon as we see a POLLHUP on that,
2055 * i.e. when it is closed. */
2057 r
= sd_journal_get_timeout(j
, &timeout
);
2059 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine journal waiting time: %m");
2061 if (ppoll(pollfds
, ELEMENTSOF(pollfds
),
2062 timeout
== USEC_INFINITY
? NULL
: timespec_store(&ts
, timeout
), NULL
) < 0) {
2066 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Couldn't wait for journal event: %m");
2069 if (pollfds
[1].revents
& (POLLHUP
|POLLERR
)) { /* STDOUT has been closed? */
2070 log_debug("Standard output has been closed.");
2074 r
= sd_journal_process(j
);
2076 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to process journal events: %m");
2081 int main(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
2082 bool previous_boot_id_valid
= false, first_line
= true, ellipsized
= false, need_seek
= false;
2083 _cleanup_(sd_journal_closep
) sd_journal
*j
= NULL
;
2084 sd_id128_t previous_boot_id
;
2085 int n_shown
= 0, r
, poll_fd
= -1;
2087 setlocale(LC_ALL
, "");
2088 log_parse_environment();
2091 /* Increase max number of open files if we can, we might needs this when browsing journal files, which might be
2092 * split up into many files. */
2093 (void) rlimit_nofile_bump(HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE
);
2095 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
2099 signal(SIGWINCH
, columns_lines_cache_reset
);
2102 switch (arg_action
) {
2104 case ACTION_NEW_ID128
:
2105 r
= id128_print_new(true);
2108 case ACTION_SETUP_KEYS
:
2112 case ACTION_LIST_CATALOG
:
2113 case ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG
:
2114 case ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
: {
2115 _cleanup_free_
char *database
;
2117 database
= path_join(arg_root
, CATALOG_DATABASE
, NULL
);
2123 if (arg_action
== ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
) {
2124 r
= catalog_update(database
, arg_root
, catalog_file_dirs
);
2126 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
2128 bool oneline
= arg_action
== ACTION_LIST_CATALOG
;
2130 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
2133 r
= catalog_list_items(stdout
, database
, oneline
, argv
+ optind
);
2135 r
= catalog_list(stdout
, database
, oneline
);
2137 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
2156 case ACTION_PRINT_HEADER
:
2158 case ACTION_DISK_USAGE
:
2159 case ACTION_LIST_BOOTS
:
2161 case ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
:
2162 case ACTION_LIST_FIELDS
:
2163 case ACTION_LIST_FIELD_NAMES
:
2164 /* These ones require access to the journal files, continue below. */
2168 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
2172 r
= sd_journal_open_directory(&j
, arg_directory
, arg_journal_type
);
2174 r
= sd_journal_open_directory(&j
, arg_root
, arg_journal_type
| SD_JOURNAL_OS_ROOT
);
2175 else if (arg_file_stdin
) {
2176 int ifd
= STDIN_FILENO
;
2177 r
= sd_journal_open_files_fd(&j
, &ifd
, 1, 0);
2178 } else if (arg_file
)
2179 r
= sd_journal_open_files(&j
, (const char**) arg_file
, 0);
2180 else if (arg_machine
) {
2181 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
2182 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp
) sd_bus_message
*reply
= NULL
;
2183 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
2186 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2187 /* The file descriptor returned by OpenMachineRootDirectory() will be owned by users/groups of
2188 * the container, thus we need root privileges to override them. */
2189 log_error("Using the --machine= switch requires root privileges.");
2194 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
2196 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
2200 r
= sd_bus_call_method(
2202 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
2203 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
2204 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
2205 "OpenMachineRootDirectory",
2210 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open root directory: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
2214 r
= sd_bus_message_read(reply
, "h", &fd
);
2216 bus_log_parse_error(r
);
2220 fd
= fcntl(fd
, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
, 3);
2222 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to duplicate file descriptor: %m");
2226 r
= sd_journal_open_directory_fd(&j
, fd
, SD_JOURNAL_OS_ROOT
);
2230 r
= sd_journal_open(&j
, !arg_merge
*SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY
+ arg_journal_type
);
2232 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open %s: %m", arg_directory
?: arg_file
? "files" : "journal");
2236 r
= journal_access_check_and_warn(j
, arg_quiet
,
2237 !(arg_journal_type
== SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER
|| arg_user_units
));
2241 switch (arg_action
) {
2243 case ACTION_NEW_ID128
:
2244 case ACTION_SETUP_KEYS
:
2245 case ACTION_LIST_CATALOG
:
2246 case ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG
:
2247 case ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
:
2251 assert_not_reached("Unexpected action.");
2253 case ACTION_PRINT_HEADER
:
2254 journal_print_header(j
);
2262 case ACTION_DISK_USAGE
: {
2264 char sbytes
[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX
];
2266 r
= sd_journal_get_usage(j
, &bytes
);
2270 printf("Archived and active journals take up %s in the file system.\n",
2271 format_bytes(sbytes
, sizeof(sbytes
), bytes
));
2275 case ACTION_LIST_BOOTS
:
2279 case ACTION_ROTATE_AND_VACUUM
:
2287 case ACTION_VACUUM
: {
2291 HASHMAP_FOREACH(d
, j
->directories_by_path
, i
) {
2297 q
= journal_directory_vacuum(d
->path
, arg_vacuum_size
, arg_vacuum_n_files
, arg_vacuum_time
, NULL
, !arg_quiet
);
2299 log_error_errno(q
, "Failed to vacuum %s: %m", d
->path
);
2307 case ACTION_LIST_FIELD_NAMES
: {
2310 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_FIELD(j
, field
) {
2311 printf("%s\n", field
);
2320 case ACTION_LIST_FIELDS
:
2324 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
2327 if (arg_boot_offset
!= 0 &&
2328 sd_journal_has_runtime_files(j
) > 0 &&
2329 sd_journal_has_persistent_files(j
) == 0) {
2330 log_info("Specifying boot ID or boot offset has no effect, no persistent journal was found.");
2334 /* add_boot() must be called first!
2335 * It may need to seek the journal to find parent boot IDs. */
2346 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add filter for units: %m");
2350 r
= add_syslog_identifier(j
);
2352 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to add filter for syslog identifiers: %m");
2356 r
= add_priorities(j
);
2360 r
= add_matches(j
, argv
+ optind
);
2364 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
2365 _cleanup_free_
char *filter
;
2367 filter
= journal_make_match_string(j
);
2371 log_debug("Journal filter: %s", filter
);
2374 if (arg_action
== ACTION_LIST_FIELDS
) {
2380 r
= sd_journal_set_data_threshold(j
, 0);
2382 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset data size threshold: %m");
2386 r
= sd_journal_query_unique(j
, arg_field
);
2388 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to query unique data objects: %m");
2392 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j
, data
, size
) {
2395 if (arg_lines
>= 0 && n_shown
>= arg_lines
)
2398 eq
= memchr(data
, '=', size
);
2400 printf("%.*s\n", (int) (size
- ((const uint8_t*) eq
- (const uint8_t*) data
+ 1)), (const char*) eq
+ 1);
2402 printf("%.*s\n", (int) size
, (const char*) data
);
2411 /* Opening the fd now means the first sd_journal_wait() will actually wait */
2413 poll_fd
= sd_journal_get_fd(j
);
2414 if (poll_fd
== -EMFILE
) {
2415 log_warning_errno(poll_fd
, "Insufficent watch descriptors available. Reverting to -n.");
2417 } else if (poll_fd
== -EMEDIUMTYPE
) {
2418 log_error_errno(poll_fd
, "The --follow switch is not supported in conjunction with reading from STDIN.");
2420 } else if (poll_fd
< 0) {
2421 log_error_errno(poll_fd
, "Failed to get journal fd: %m");
2426 if (arg_cursor
|| arg_after_cursor
) {
2427 r
= sd_journal_seek_cursor(j
, arg_cursor
?: arg_after_cursor
);
2429 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to cursor: %m");
2434 r
= sd_journal_next_skip(j
, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor
);
2436 r
= sd_journal_previous_skip(j
, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor
);
2438 if (arg_after_cursor
&& r
< 2) {
2439 /* We couldn't find the next entry after the cursor. */
2446 } else if (arg_since_set
&& !arg_reverse
) {
2447 r
= sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j
, arg_since
);
2449 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
2452 r
= sd_journal_next(j
);
2454 } else if (arg_until_set
&& arg_reverse
) {
2455 r
= sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j
, arg_until
);
2457 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
2460 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
);
2462 } else if (arg_lines
>= 0) {
2463 r
= sd_journal_seek_tail(j
);
2465 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
2469 r
= sd_journal_previous_skip(j
, arg_lines
);
2471 } else if (arg_reverse
) {
2472 r
= sd_journal_seek_tail(j
);
2474 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
2478 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
);
2481 r
= sd_journal_seek_head(j
);
2483 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to seek to head: %m");
2487 r
= sd_journal_next(j
);
2491 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
2498 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
2500 if (!arg_quiet
&& (arg_lines
!= 0 || arg_follow
)) {
2502 char start_buf
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
], end_buf
[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX
];
2504 r
= sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(j
, &start
, &end
);
2506 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get cutoff: %m");
2512 printf("-- Logs begin at %s. --\n",
2513 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf
, sizeof(start_buf
), start
));
2515 printf("-- Logs begin at %s, end at %s. --\n",
2516 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf
, sizeof(start_buf
), start
),
2517 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(end_buf
, sizeof(end_buf
), end
));
2522 while (arg_lines
< 0 || n_shown
< arg_lines
|| (arg_follow
&& !first_line
)) {
2524 size_t highlight
[2] = {};
2528 r
= sd_journal_next(j
);
2530 r
= sd_journal_previous(j
);
2532 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
2539 if (arg_until_set
&& !arg_reverse
) {
2542 r
= sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j
, &usec
);
2544 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
2547 if (usec
> arg_until
)
2551 if (arg_since_set
&& arg_reverse
) {
2554 r
= sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j
, &usec
);
2556 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
2559 if (usec
< arg_since
)
2563 if (!arg_merge
&& !arg_quiet
) {
2566 r
= sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec(j
, NULL
, &boot_id
);
2568 if (previous_boot_id_valid
&&
2569 !sd_id128_equal(boot_id
, previous_boot_id
))
2570 printf("%s-- Reboot --%s\n",
2571 ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal());
2573 previous_boot_id
= boot_id
;
2574 previous_boot_id_valid
= true;
2579 if (arg_compiled_pattern
) {
2580 _cleanup_(pcre2_match_data_freep
) pcre2_match_data
*md
= NULL
;
2581 const void *message
;
2585 md
= pcre2_match_data_create(1, NULL
);
2589 r
= sd_journal_get_data(j
, "MESSAGE", &message
, &len
);
2596 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get MESSAGE field: %m");
2600 assert_se(message
= startswith(message
, "MESSAGE="));
2602 r
= pcre2_match(arg_compiled_pattern
,
2604 len
- strlen("MESSAGE="),
2605 0, /* start at offset 0 in the subject */
2606 0, /* default options */
2609 if (r
== PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH
) {
2614 unsigned char buf
[LINE_MAX
];
2617 r2
= pcre2_get_error_message(r
, buf
, sizeof buf
);
2618 log_error("Pattern matching failed: %s",
2619 r2
< 0 ? "unknown error" : (char*) buf
);
2624 ovec
= pcre2_get_ovector_pointer(md
);
2625 highlight
[0] = ovec
[0];
2626 highlight
[1] = ovec
[1];
2631 arg_all
* OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL
|
2632 arg_full
* OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH
|
2633 colors_enabled() * OUTPUT_COLOR
|
2634 arg_catalog
* OUTPUT_CATALOG
|
2635 arg_utc
* OUTPUT_UTC
|
2636 arg_no_hostname
* OUTPUT_NO_HOSTNAME
;
2638 r
= show_journal_entry(stdout
, j
, arg_output
, 0, flags
,
2639 arg_output_fields
, highlight
, &ellipsized
);
2641 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
2648 /* If journalctl take a long time to process messages, and during that time journal file
2649 * rotation occurs, a journalctl client will keep those rotated files open until it calls
2650 * sd_journal_process(), which typically happens as a result of calling sd_journal_wait() below
2651 * in the "following" case. By periodically calling sd_journal_process() during the processing
2652 * loop we shrink the window of time a client instance has open file descriptors for rotated
2653 * (deleted) journal files. */
2654 if ((n_shown
% PROCESS_INOTIFY_INTERVAL
) == 0) {
2655 r
= sd_journal_process(j
);
2657 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to process inotify events: %m");
2664 if (n_shown
== 0 && !arg_quiet
)
2665 printf("-- No entries --\n");
2667 if (arg_show_cursor
) {
2668 _cleanup_free_
char *cursor
= NULL
;
2670 r
= sd_journal_get_cursor(j
, &cursor
);
2671 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
2672 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get cursor: %m");
2674 printf("-- cursor: %s\n", cursor
);
2682 r
= wait_for_change(j
, poll_fd
);
2693 strv_free(arg_file
);
2695 strv_free(arg_syslog_identifier
);
2696 strv_free(arg_system_units
);
2697 strv_free(arg_user_units
);
2698 strv_free(arg_output_fields
);
2701 free(arg_verify_key
);
2704 if (arg_compiled_pattern
)
2705 pcre2_code_free(arg_compiled_pattern
);
2708 return r
< 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE
: EXIT_SUCCESS
;