journal: make the compression threshold tunable

[thirdparty/systemd.git] / src / journal / journald-server.c

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
/***
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/

#if HAVE_SELINUX
#include <selinux/selinux.h>
#endif
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/signalfd.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#include <linux/sockios.h>

#include "libudev.h"
#include "sd-daemon.h"
#include "sd-journal.h"
#include "sd-messages.h"

#include "acl-util.h"
#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "audit-util.h"
#include "cgroup-util.h"
#include "conf-parser.h"
#include "dirent-util.h"
#include "extract-word.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "fileio.h"
#include "format-util.h"
#include "fs-util.h"
#include "hashmap.h"
#include "hostname-util.h"
#include "id128-util.h"
#include "io-util.h"
#include "journal-authenticate.h"
#include "journal-file.h"
#include "journal-internal.h"
#include "journal-vacuum.h"
#include "journald-audit.h"
#include "journald-context.h"
#include "journald-kmsg.h"
#include "journald-native.h"
#include "journald-rate-limit.h"
#include "journald-server.h"
#include "journald-stream.h"
#include "journald-syslog.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "missing.h"
#include "mkdir.h"
#include "parse-util.h"
#include "proc-cmdline.h"
#include "process-util.h"
#include "rm-rf.h"
#include "selinux-util.h"
#include "signal-util.h"
#include "socket-util.h"
#include "stdio-util.h"
#include "string-table.h"
#include "string-util.h"
#include "syslog-util.h"
#include "user-util.h"

#define USER_JOURNALS_MAX 1024

#define DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL_USEC (5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_INTERVAL (30*USEC_PER_SEC)
#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_BURST 1000
#define DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_USEC USEC_PER_MONTH

#define RECHECK_SPACE_USEC (30*USEC_PER_SEC)

#define NOTIFY_SNDBUF_SIZE (8*1024*1024)

/* The period to insert between posting changes for coalescing */
#define POST_CHANGE_TIMER_INTERVAL_USEC (250*USEC_PER_MSEC)

/* Pick a good default that is likely to fit into AF_UNIX and AF_INET SOCK_DGRAM datagrams, and even leaves some room
 * for a bit of additional metadata. */
#define DEFAULT_LINE_MAX (48*1024)

static int determine_path_usage(Server *s, const char *path, uint64_t *ret_used, uint64_t *ret_free) {
        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
        struct dirent *de;
        struct statvfs ss;

        assert(ret_used);
        assert(ret_free);

        d = opendir(path);
        if (!d)
                return log_full_errno(errno == ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR,
                                      errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", path);

        if (fstatvfs(dirfd(d), &ss) < 0)
                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fstatvfs(%s): %m", path);

        *ret_free = ss.f_bsize * ss.f_bavail;
        *ret_used = 0;
        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, break) {
                struct stat st;

                if (!endswith(de->d_name, ".journal") &&
                    !endswith(de->d_name, ".journal~"))
                        continue;

                if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s/%s, ignoring: %m", path, de->d_name);
                        continue;
                }

                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                        continue;

                *ret_used += (uint64_t) st.st_blocks * 512UL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void cache_space_invalidate(JournalStorageSpace *space) {
        zero(*space);
}

static int cache_space_refresh(Server *s, JournalStorage *storage) {
        JournalStorageSpace *space;
        JournalMetrics *metrics;
        uint64_t vfs_used, vfs_avail, avail;
        usec_t ts;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        metrics = &storage->metrics;
        space = &storage->space;

        ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);

        if (space->timestamp != 0 && space->timestamp + RECHECK_SPACE_USEC > ts)
                return 0;

        r = determine_path_usage(s, storage->path, &vfs_used, &vfs_avail);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        space->vfs_used = vfs_used;
        space->vfs_available = vfs_avail;

        avail = LESS_BY(vfs_avail, metrics->keep_free);

        space->limit = MIN(MAX(vfs_used + avail, metrics->min_use), metrics->max_use);
        space->available = LESS_BY(space->limit, vfs_used);
        space->timestamp = ts;
        return 1;
}

static void patch_min_use(JournalStorage *storage) {
        assert(storage);

        /* Let's bump the min_use limit to the current usage on disk. We do
         * this when starting up and first opening the journal files. This way
         * sudden spikes in disk usage will not cause journald to vacuum files
         * without bounds. Note that this means that only a restart of journald
         * will make it reset this value. */

        storage->metrics.min_use = MAX(storage->metrics.min_use, storage->space.vfs_used);
}


static int determine_space(Server *s, uint64_t *available, uint64_t *limit) {
        JournalStorage *js;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        js = s->system_journal ? &s->system_storage : &s->runtime_storage;

        r = cache_space_refresh(s, js);
        if (r >= 0) {
                if (available)
                        *available = js->space.available;
                if (limit)
                        *limit = js->space.limit;
        }
        return r;
}

void server_space_usage_message(Server *s, JournalStorage *storage) {
        char fb1[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb2[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb3[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX],
             fb4[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb5[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb6[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
        JournalMetrics *metrics;

        assert(s);

        if (!storage)
                storage = s->system_journal ? &s->system_storage : &s->runtime_storage;

        if (cache_space_refresh(s, storage) < 0)
                return;

        metrics = &storage->metrics;
        format_bytes(fb1, sizeof(fb1), storage->space.vfs_used);
        format_bytes(fb2, sizeof(fb2), metrics->max_use);
        format_bytes(fb3, sizeof(fb3), metrics->keep_free);
        format_bytes(fb4, sizeof(fb4), storage->space.vfs_available);
        format_bytes(fb5, sizeof(fb5), storage->space.limit);
        format_bytes(fb6, sizeof(fb6), storage->space.available);

        server_driver_message(s, 0,
                              "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_JOURNAL_USAGE_STR,
                              LOG_MESSAGE("%s (%s) is %s, max %s, %s free.",
                                          storage->name, storage->path, fb1, fb5, fb6),
                              "JOURNAL_NAME=%s", storage->name,
                              "JOURNAL_PATH=%s", storage->path,
                              "CURRENT_USE=%"PRIu64, storage->space.vfs_used,
                              "CURRENT_USE_PRETTY=%s", fb1,
                              "MAX_USE=%"PRIu64, metrics->max_use,
                              "MAX_USE_PRETTY=%s", fb2,
                              "DISK_KEEP_FREE=%"PRIu64, metrics->keep_free,
                              "DISK_KEEP_FREE_PRETTY=%s", fb3,
                              "DISK_AVAILABLE=%"PRIu64, storage->space.vfs_available,
                              "DISK_AVAILABLE_PRETTY=%s", fb4,
                              "LIMIT=%"PRIu64, storage->space.limit,
                              "LIMIT_PRETTY=%s", fb5,
                              "AVAILABLE=%"PRIu64, storage->space.available,
                              "AVAILABLE_PRETTY=%s", fb6,
                              NULL);
}

static bool uid_for_system_journal(uid_t uid) {

        /* Returns true if the specified UID shall get its data stored in the system journal*/

        return uid_is_system(uid) || uid_is_dynamic(uid) || uid == UID_NOBODY;
}

static void server_add_acls(JournalFile *f, uid_t uid) {
#if HAVE_ACL
        int r;
#endif
        assert(f);

#if HAVE_ACL
        if (uid_for_system_journal(uid))
                return;

        r = add_acls_for_user(f->fd, uid);
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set ACL on %s, ignoring: %m", f->path);
#endif
}

static int open_journal(
                Server *s,
                bool reliably,
                const char *fname,
                int flags,
                bool seal,
                JournalMetrics *metrics,
                JournalFile **ret) {
        int r;
        JournalFile *f;

        assert(s);
        assert(fname);
        assert(ret);

        if (reliably)
                r = journal_file_open_reliably(fname, flags, 0640, s->compress.enabled, s->compress.threshold_bytes,
                                               seal, metrics, s->mmap, s->deferred_closes, NULL, &f);
        else
                r = journal_file_open(-1, fname, flags, 0640, s->compress.enabled, s->compress.threshold_bytes, seal,
                                      metrics, s->mmap, s->deferred_closes, NULL, &f);

        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = journal_file_enable_post_change_timer(f, s->event, POST_CHANGE_TIMER_INTERVAL_USEC);
        if (r < 0) {
                (void) journal_file_close(f);
                return r;
        }

        *ret = f;
        return r;
}

static bool flushed_flag_is_set(void) {
        return access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0;
}

static int system_journal_open(Server *s, bool flush_requested) {
        const char *fn;
        int r = 0;

        if (!s->system_journal &&
            IN_SET(s->storage, STORAGE_PERSISTENT, STORAGE_AUTO) &&
            (flush_requested || flushed_flag_is_set())) {

                /* If in auto mode: first try to create the machine
                 * path, but not the prefix.
                 *
                 * If in persistent mode: create /var/log/journal and
                 * the machine path */

                if (s->storage == STORAGE_PERSISTENT)
                        (void) mkdir_p("/var/log/journal/", 0755);

                (void) mkdir(s->system_storage.path, 0755);

                fn = strjoina(s->system_storage.path, "/system.journal");
                r = open_journal(s, true, fn, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, s->seal, &s->system_storage.metrics, &s->system_journal);
                if (r >= 0) {
                        server_add_acls(s->system_journal, 0);
                        (void) cache_space_refresh(s, &s->system_storage);
                        patch_min_use(&s->system_storage);
                } else if (r < 0) {
                        if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -EROFS))
                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to open system journal: %m");

                        r = 0;
                }

                /* If the runtime journal is open, and we're post-flush, we're
                 * recovering from a failed system journal rotate (ENOSPC)
                 * for which the runtime journal was reopened.
                 *
                 * Perform an implicit flush to var, leaving the runtime
                 * journal closed, now that the system journal is back.
                 */
                if (!flush_requested)
                        (void) server_flush_to_var(s, true);
        }

        if (!s->runtime_journal &&
            (s->storage != STORAGE_NONE)) {

                fn = strjoina(s->runtime_storage.path, "/system.journal");

                if (s->system_journal) {

                        /* Try to open the runtime journal, but only
                         * if it already exists, so that we can flush
                         * it into the system journal */

                        r = open_journal(s, false, fn, O_RDWR, false, &s->runtime_storage.metrics, &s->runtime_journal);
                        if (r < 0) {
                                if (r != -ENOENT)
                                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to open runtime journal: %m");

                                r = 0;
                        }

                } else {

                        /* OK, we really need the runtime journal, so create
                         * it if necessary. */

                        (void) mkdir("/run/log", 0755);
                        (void) mkdir("/run/log/journal", 0755);
                        (void) mkdir_parents(fn, 0750);

                        r = open_journal(s, true, fn, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, false, &s->runtime_storage.metrics, &s->runtime_journal);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open runtime journal: %m");
                }

                if (s->runtime_journal) {
                        server_add_acls(s->runtime_journal, 0);
                        (void) cache_space_refresh(s, &s->runtime_storage);
                        patch_min_use(&s->runtime_storage);
                }
        }

        return r;
}

static JournalFile* find_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
        int r;
        JournalFile *f;
        sd_id128_t machine;

        assert(s);

        /* A rotate that fails to create the new journal (ENOSPC) leaves the
         * rotated journal as NULL.  Unless we revisit opening, even after
         * space is made available we'll continue to return NULL indefinitely.
         *
         * system_journal_open() is a noop if the journals are already open, so
         * we can just call it here to recover from failed rotates (or anything
         * else that's left the journals as NULL).
         *
         * Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3968 */
        (void) system_journal_open(s, false);

        /* We split up user logs only on /var, not on /run. If the
         * runtime file is open, we write to it exclusively, in order
         * to guarantee proper order as soon as we flush /run to
         * /var and close the runtime file. */

        if (s->runtime_journal)
                return s->runtime_journal;

        if (uid_for_system_journal(uid))
                return s->system_journal;

        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
        if (r < 0)
                return s->system_journal;

        f = ordered_hashmap_get(s->user_journals, UID_TO_PTR(uid));
        if (f)
                return f;

        if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/user-"UID_FMT".journal",
                     SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine), uid) < 0)
                return s->system_journal;

        while (ordered_hashmap_size(s->user_journals) >= USER_JOURNALS_MAX) {
                /* Too many open? Then let's close one */
                f = ordered_hashmap_steal_first(s->user_journals);
                assert(f);
                (void) journal_file_close(f);
        }

        r = open_journal(s, true, p, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, s->seal, &s->system_storage.metrics, &f);
        if (r < 0)
                return s->system_journal;

        server_add_acls(f, uid);

        r = ordered_hashmap_put(s->user_journals, UID_TO_PTR(uid), f);
        if (r < 0) {
                (void) journal_file_close(f);
                return s->system_journal;
        }

        return f;
}

static int do_rotate(
                Server *s,
                JournalFile **f,
                const char* name,
                bool seal,
                uint32_t uid) {

        int r;
        assert(s);

        if (!*f)
                return -EINVAL;

        r = journal_file_rotate(f, s->compress.enabled, s->compress.threshold_bytes, seal, s->deferred_closes);
        if (r < 0) {
                if (*f)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to rotate %s: %m", (*f)->path);
                else
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create new %s journal: %m", name);
        }

        server_add_acls(*f, uid);

        return r;
}

void server_rotate(Server *s) {
        JournalFile *f;
        void *k;
        Iterator i;
        int r;

        log_debug("Rotating...");

        (void) do_rotate(s, &s->runtime_journal, "runtime", false, 0);
        (void) do_rotate(s, &s->system_journal, "system", s->seal, 0);

        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(f, k, s->user_journals, i) {
                r = do_rotate(s, &f, "user", s->seal, PTR_TO_UID(k));
                if (r >= 0)
                        ordered_hashmap_replace(s->user_journals, k, f);
                else if (!f)
                        /* Old file has been closed and deallocated */
                        ordered_hashmap_remove(s->user_journals, k);
        }

        /* Perform any deferred closes which aren't still offlining. */
        SET_FOREACH(f, s->deferred_closes, i)
                if (!journal_file_is_offlining(f)) {
                        (void) set_remove(s->deferred_closes, f);
                        (void) journal_file_close(f);
                }
}

void server_sync(Server *s) {
        JournalFile *f;
        Iterator i;
        int r;

        if (s->system_journal) {
                r = journal_file_set_offline(s->system_journal, false);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to sync system journal, ignoring: %m");
        }

        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, s->user_journals, i) {
                r = journal_file_set_offline(f, false);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to sync user journal, ignoring: %m");
        }

        if (s->sync_event_source) {
                r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_OFF);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable sync timer source: %m");
        }

        s->sync_scheduled = false;
}

static void do_vacuum(Server *s, JournalStorage *storage, bool verbose) {

        int r;

        assert(s);
        assert(storage);

        (void) cache_space_refresh(s, storage);

        if (verbose)
                server_space_usage_message(s, storage);

        r = journal_directory_vacuum(storage->path, storage->space.limit,
                                     storage->metrics.n_max_files, s->max_retention_usec,
                                     &s->oldest_file_usec, verbose);
        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to vacuum %s, ignoring: %m", storage->path);

        cache_space_invalidate(&storage->space);
}

int server_vacuum(Server *s, bool verbose) {
        assert(s);

        log_debug("Vacuuming...");

        s->oldest_file_usec = 0;

        if (s->system_journal)
                do_vacuum(s, &s->system_storage, verbose);
        if (s->runtime_journal)
                do_vacuum(s, &s->runtime_storage, verbose);

        return 0;
}

static void server_cache_machine_id(Server *s) {
        sd_id128_t id;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&id);
        if (r < 0)
                return;

        sd_id128_to_string(id, stpcpy(s->machine_id_field, "_MACHINE_ID="));
}

static void server_cache_boot_id(Server *s) {
        sd_id128_t id;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        r = sd_id128_get_boot(&id);
        if (r < 0)
                return;

        sd_id128_to_string(id, stpcpy(s->boot_id_field, "_BOOT_ID="));
}

static void server_cache_hostname(Server *s) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
        char *x;

        assert(s);

        t = gethostname_malloc();
        if (!t)
                return;

        x = strappend("_HOSTNAME=", t);
        if (!x)
                return;

        free(s->hostname_field);
        s->hostname_field = x;
}

static bool shall_try_append_again(JournalFile *f, int r) {
        switch(r) {

        case -E2BIG:           /* Hit configured limit          */
        case -EFBIG:           /* Hit fs limit                  */
        case -EDQUOT:          /* Quota limit hit               */
        case -ENOSPC:          /* Disk full                     */
                log_debug("%s: Allocation limit reached, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EIO:             /* I/O error of some kind (mmap) */
                log_warning("%s: IO error, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EHOSTDOWN:       /* Other machine                 */
                log_info("%s: Journal file from other machine, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EBUSY:           /* Unclean shutdown              */
                log_info("%s: Unclean shutdown, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EPROTONOSUPPORT: /* Unsupported feature           */
                log_info("%s: Unsupported feature, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EBADMSG:         /* Corrupted                     */
        case -ENODATA:         /* Truncated                     */
        case -ESHUTDOWN:       /* Already archived              */
                log_warning("%s: Journal file corrupted, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -EIDRM:           /* Journal file has been deleted */
                log_warning("%s: Journal file has been deleted, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        case -ETXTBSY:         /* Journal file is from the future */
                log_warning("%s: Journal file is from the future, rotating.", f->path);
                return true;

        default:
                return false;
        }
}

static void write_to_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid, struct iovec *iovec, unsigned n, int priority) {
        bool vacuumed = false, rotate = false;
        struct dual_timestamp ts;
        JournalFile *f;
        int r;

        assert(s);
        assert(iovec);
        assert(n > 0);

        /* Get the closest, linearized time we have for this log event from the event loop. (Note that we do not use
         * the source time, and not even the time the event was originally seen, but instead simply the time we started
         * processing it, as we want strictly linear ordering in what we write out.) */
        assert_se(sd_event_now(s->event, CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts.realtime) >= 0);
        assert_se(sd_event_now(s->event, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts.monotonic) >= 0);

        if (ts.realtime < s->last_realtime_clock) {
                /* When the time jumps backwards, let's immediately rotate. Of course, this should not happen during
                 * regular operation. However, when it does happen, then we should make sure that we start fresh files
                 * to ensure that the entries in the journal files are strictly ordered by time, in order to ensure
                 * bisection works correctly. */

                log_debug("Time jumped backwards, rotating.");
                rotate = true;
        } else {

                f = find_journal(s, uid);
                if (!f)
                        return;

                if (journal_file_rotate_suggested(f, s->max_file_usec)) {
                        log_debug("%s: Journal header limits reached or header out-of-date, rotating.", f->path);
                        rotate = true;
                }
        }

        if (rotate) {
                server_rotate(s);
                server_vacuum(s, false);
                vacuumed = true;

                f = find_journal(s, uid);
                if (!f)
                        return;
        }

        s->last_realtime_clock = ts.realtime;

        r = journal_file_append_entry(f, &ts, iovec, n, &s->seqnum, NULL, NULL);
        if (r >= 0) {
                server_schedule_sync(s, priority);
                return;
        }

        if (vacuumed || !shall_try_append_again(f, r)) {
                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write entry (%d items, %zu bytes), ignoring: %m", n, IOVEC_TOTAL_SIZE(iovec, n));
                return;
        }

        server_rotate(s);
        server_vacuum(s, false);

        f = find_journal(s, uid);
        if (!f)
                return;

        log_debug("Retrying write.");
        r = journal_file_append_entry(f, &ts, iovec, n, &s->seqnum, NULL, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write entry (%d items, %zu bytes) despite vacuuming, ignoring: %m", n, IOVEC_TOTAL_SIZE(iovec, n));
        else
                server_schedule_sync(s, priority);
}

#define IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, value, type, isset, format, field)  \
        if (isset(value)) {                                             \
                char *k;                                                \
                k = newa(char, STRLEN(field "=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(type) + 1); \
                sprintf(k, field "=" format, value);                    \
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(k);                      \
        }

#define IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, value, field)                  \
        if (!isempty(value)) {                                          \
                char *k;                                                \
                k = strjoina(field "=", value);                         \
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(k);                      \
        }

#define IOVEC_ADD_ID128_FIELD(iovec, n, value, field)                   \
        if (!sd_id128_is_null(value)) {                                 \
                char *k;                                                \
                k = newa(char, STRLEN(field "=") + SD_ID128_STRING_MAX); \
                sd_id128_to_string(value, stpcpy(k, field "="));        \
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(k);                      \
        }

#define IOVEC_ADD_SIZED_FIELD(iovec, n, value, value_size, field)       \
        if (value_size > 0) {                                           \
                char *k;                                                \
                k = newa(char, STRLEN(field "=") + value_size + 1);     \
                *((char*) mempcpy(stpcpy(k, field "="), value, value_size)) = 0; \
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(k);                      \
        }                                                               \

static void dispatch_message_real(
                Server *s,
                struct iovec *iovec, size_t n, size_t m,
                const ClientContext *c,
                const struct timeval *tv,
                int priority,
                pid_t object_pid) {

        char source_time[sizeof("_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t)];
        uid_t journal_uid;
        ClientContext *o;

        assert(s);
        assert(iovec);
        assert(n > 0);
        assert(n +
               N_IOVEC_META_FIELDS +
               (pid_is_valid(object_pid) ? N_IOVEC_OBJECT_FIELDS : 0) +
               client_context_extra_fields_n_iovec(c) <= m);

        if (c) {
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->pid, pid_t, pid_is_valid, PID_FMT, "_PID");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->uid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "_UID");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->gid, gid_t, gid_is_valid, GID_FMT, "_GID");

                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->comm, "_COMM");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->exe, "_EXE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->cmdline, "_CMDLINE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->capeff, "_CAP_EFFECTIVE");

                IOVEC_ADD_SIZED_FIELD(iovec, n, c->label, c->label_size, "_SELINUX_CONTEXT");

                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->auditid, uint32_t, audit_session_is_valid, "%" PRIu32, "_AUDIT_SESSION");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->loginuid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "_AUDIT_LOGINUID");

                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->cgroup, "_SYSTEMD_CGROUP");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->session, "_SYSTEMD_SESSION");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->owner_uid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->unit, "_SYSTEMD_UNIT");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->user_unit, "_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->slice, "_SYSTEMD_SLICE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->user_slice, "_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE");

                IOVEC_ADD_ID128_FIELD(iovec, n, c->invocation_id, "_SYSTEMD_INVOCATION_ID");

                if (c->extra_fields_n_iovec > 0) {
                        memcpy(iovec + n, c->extra_fields_iovec, c->extra_fields_n_iovec * sizeof(struct iovec));
                        n += c->extra_fields_n_iovec;
                }
        }

        assert(n <= m);

        if (pid_is_valid(object_pid) && client_context_get(s, object_pid, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, &o) >= 0) {

                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->pid, pid_t, pid_is_valid, PID_FMT, "OBJECT_PID");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->uid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "OBJECT_UID");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->gid, gid_t, gid_is_valid, GID_FMT, "OBJECT_GID");

                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->comm, "OBJECT_COMM");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->exe, "OBJECT_EXE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->cmdline, "OBJECT_CMDLINE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->capeff, "OBJECT_CAP_EFFECTIVE");

                IOVEC_ADD_SIZED_FIELD(iovec, n, o->label, o->label_size, "OBJECT_SELINUX_CONTEXT");

                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->auditid, uint32_t, audit_session_is_valid, "%" PRIu32, "OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->loginuid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID");

                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->cgroup, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_CGROUP");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->session, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SESSION");
                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->owner_uid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->unit, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->user_unit, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->slice, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SLICE");
                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->user_slice, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE");

                IOVEC_ADD_ID128_FIELD(iovec, n, o->invocation_id, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_INVOCATION_ID=");
        }

        assert(n <= m);

        if (tv) {
                sprintf(source_time, "_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=" USEC_FMT, timeval_load(tv));
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(source_time);
        }

        /* Note that strictly speaking storing the boot id here is
         * redundant since the entry includes this in-line
         * anyway. However, we need this indexed, too. */
        if (!isempty(s->boot_id_field))
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(s->boot_id_field);

        if (!isempty(s->machine_id_field))
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(s->machine_id_field);

        if (!isempty(s->hostname_field))
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(s->hostname_field);

        assert(n <= m);

        if (s->split_mode == SPLIT_UID && c && uid_is_valid(c->uid))
                /* Split up strictly by (non-root) UID */
                journal_uid = c->uid;
        else if (s->split_mode == SPLIT_LOGIN && c && c->uid > 0 && uid_is_valid(c->owner_uid))
                /* Split up by login UIDs.  We do this only if the
                 * realuid is not root, in order not to accidentally
                 * leak privileged information to the user that is
                 * logged by a privileged process that is part of an
                 * unprivileged session. */
                journal_uid = c->owner_uid;
        else
                journal_uid = 0;

        write_to_journal(s, journal_uid, iovec, n, priority);
}

void server_driver_message(Server *s, pid_t object_pid, const char *message_id, const char *format, ...) {

        struct iovec *iovec;
        size_t n = 0, k, m;
        va_list ap;
        int r;

        assert(s);
        assert(format);

        m = N_IOVEC_META_FIELDS + 5 + N_IOVEC_PAYLOAD_FIELDS + client_context_extra_fields_n_iovec(s->my_context) + N_IOVEC_OBJECT_FIELDS;
        iovec = newa(struct iovec, m);

        assert_cc(3 == LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON));
        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("SYSLOG_FACILITY=3");
        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=systemd-journald");

        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("_TRANSPORT=driver");
        assert_cc(6 == LOG_INFO);
        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("PRIORITY=6");

        if (message_id)
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(message_id);
        k = n;

        va_start(ap, format);
        r = log_format_iovec(iovec, m, &n, false, 0, format, ap);
        /* Error handling below */
        va_end(ap);

        if (r >= 0)
                dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, m, s->my_context, NULL, LOG_INFO, object_pid);

        while (k < n)
                free(iovec[k++].iov_base);

        if (r < 0) {
                /* We failed to format the message. Emit a warning instead. */
                char buf[LINE_MAX];

                xsprintf(buf, "MESSAGE=Entry printing failed: %s", strerror(-r));

                n = 3;
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("PRIORITY=4");
                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(buf);
                dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, m, s->my_context, NULL, LOG_INFO, object_pid);
        }
}

void server_dispatch_message(
                Server *s,
                struct iovec *iovec, size_t n, size_t m,
                ClientContext *c,
                const struct timeval *tv,
                int priority,
                pid_t object_pid) {

        uint64_t available = 0;
        int rl;

        assert(s);
        assert(iovec || n == 0);

        if (n == 0)
                return;

        if (LOG_PRI(priority) > s->max_level_store)
                return;

        /* Stop early in case the information will not be stored
         * in a journal. */
        if (s->storage == STORAGE_NONE)
                return;

        if (c && c->unit) {
                (void) determine_space(s, &available, NULL);

                rl = journal_rate_limit_test(s->rate_limit, c->unit, priority & LOG_PRIMASK, available);
                if (rl == 0)
                        return;

                /* Write a suppression message if we suppressed something */
                if (rl > 1)
                        server_driver_message(s, c->pid,
                                              "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_JOURNAL_DROPPED_STR,
                                              LOG_MESSAGE("Suppressed %i messages from %s", rl - 1, c->unit),
                                              "N_DROPPED=%i", rl - 1,
                                              NULL);
        }

        dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, m, c, tv, priority, object_pid);
}

int server_flush_to_var(Server *s, bool require_flag_file) {
        sd_id128_t machine;
        sd_journal *j = NULL;
        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
        usec_t start;
        unsigned n = 0;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        if (!IN_SET(s->storage, STORAGE_AUTO, STORAGE_PERSISTENT))
                return 0;

        if (!s->runtime_journal)
                return 0;

        if (require_flag_file && !flushed_flag_is_set())
                return 0;

        (void) system_journal_open(s, true);

        if (!s->system_journal)
                return 0;

        log_debug("Flushing to /var...");

        start = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);

        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_journal_open(&j, SD_JOURNAL_RUNTIME_ONLY);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read runtime journal: %m");

        sd_journal_set_data_threshold(j, 0);

        SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH(j) {
                Object *o = NULL;
                JournalFile *f;

                f = j->current_file;
                assert(f && f->current_offset > 0);

                n++;

                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, f->current_offset, &o);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_error_errno(r, "Can't read entry: %m");
                        goto finish;
                }

                r = journal_file_copy_entry(f, s->system_journal, o, f->current_offset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (r >= 0)
                        continue;

                if (!shall_try_append_again(s->system_journal, r)) {
                        log_error_errno(r, "Can't write entry: %m");
                        goto finish;
                }

                server_rotate(s);
                server_vacuum(s, false);

                if (!s->system_journal) {
                        log_notice("Didn't flush runtime journal since rotation of system journal wasn't successful.");
                        r = -EIO;
                        goto finish;
                }

                log_debug("Retrying write.");
                r = journal_file_copy_entry(f, s->system_journal, o, f->current_offset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_error_errno(r, "Can't write entry: %m");
                        goto finish;
                }
        }

        r = 0;

finish:
        journal_file_post_change(s->system_journal);

        s->runtime_journal = journal_file_close(s->runtime_journal);

        if (r >= 0)
                (void) rm_rf("/run/log/journal", REMOVE_ROOT);

        sd_journal_close(j);

        server_driver_message(s, 0, NULL,
                              LOG_MESSAGE("Time spent on flushing to /var is %s for %u entries.",
                                          format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start, 0),
                                          n),
                              NULL);

        return r;
}

int server_process_datagram(sd_event_source *es, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        struct ucred *ucred = NULL;
        struct timeval *tv = NULL;
        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
        char *label = NULL;
        size_t label_len = 0, m;
        struct iovec iovec;
        ssize_t n;
        int *fds = NULL, v = 0;
        unsigned n_fds = 0;

        union {
                struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;

                /* We use NAME_MAX space for the SELinux label
                 * here. The kernel currently enforces no
                 * limit, but according to suggestions from
                 * the SELinux people this will change and it
                 * will probably be identical to NAME_MAX. For
                 * now we use that, but this should be updated
                 * one day when the final limit is known. */
                uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred)) +
                            CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) +
                            CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) + /* fd */
                            CMSG_SPACE(NAME_MAX)]; /* selinux label */
        } control = {};

        union sockaddr_union sa = {};

        struct msghdr msghdr = {
                .msg_iov = &iovec,
                .msg_iovlen = 1,
                .msg_control = &control,
                .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
                .msg_name = &sa,
                .msg_namelen = sizeof(sa),
        };

        assert(s);
        assert(fd == s->native_fd || fd == s->syslog_fd || fd == s->audit_fd);

        if (revents != EPOLLIN) {
                log_error("Got invalid event from epoll for datagram fd: %"PRIx32, revents);
                return -EIO;
        }

        /* Try to get the right size, if we can. (Not all sockets support SIOCINQ, hence we just try, but don't rely on
         * it.) */
        (void) ioctl(fd, SIOCINQ, &v);

        /* Fix it up, if it is too small. We use the same fixed value as auditd here. Awful! */
        m = PAGE_ALIGN(MAX3((size_t) v + 1,
                            (size_t) LINE_MAX,
                            ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)) + ALIGN((size_t) MAX_AUDIT_MESSAGE_LENGTH)) + 1);

        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s->buffer, s->buffer_size, m))
                return log_oom();

        iovec.iov_base = s->buffer;
        iovec.iov_len = s->buffer_size - 1; /* Leave room for trailing NUL we add later */

        n = recvmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC);
        if (n < 0) {
                if (IN_SET(errno, EINTR, EAGAIN))
                        return 0;

                return log_error_errno(errno, "recvmsg() failed: %m");
        }

        CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, &msghdr) {

                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDENTIALS &&
                    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)))
                        ucred = (struct ucred*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
                else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                         cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
                        label = (char*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
                        label_len = cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0);
                } else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                           cmsg->cmsg_type == SO_TIMESTAMP &&
                           cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct timeval)))
                        tv = (struct timeval*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
                else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                         cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
                        fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
                        n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
                }
        }

        /* And a trailing NUL, just in case */
        s->buffer[n] = 0;

        if (fd == s->syslog_fd) {
                if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0)
                        server_process_syslog_message(s, strstrip(s->buffer), ucred, tv, label, label_len);
                else if (n_fds > 0)
                        log_warning("Got file descriptors via syslog socket. Ignoring.");

        } else if (fd == s->native_fd) {
                if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0)
                        server_process_native_message(s, s->buffer, n, ucred, tv, label, label_len);
                else if (n == 0 && n_fds == 1)
                        server_process_native_file(s, fds[0], ucred, tv, label, label_len);
                else if (n_fds > 0)
                        log_warning("Got too many file descriptors via native socket. Ignoring.");

        } else {
                assert(fd == s->audit_fd);

                if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0)
                        server_process_audit_message(s, s->buffer, n, ucred, &sa, msghdr.msg_namelen);
                else if (n_fds > 0)
                        log_warning("Got file descriptors via audit socket. Ignoring.");
        }

        close_many(fds, n_fds);
        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_sigusr1(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        log_info("Received request to flush runtime journal from PID " PID_FMT, si->ssi_pid);

        (void) server_flush_to_var(s, false);
        server_sync(s);
        server_vacuum(s, false);

        r = touch("/run/systemd/journal/flushed");
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to touch /run/systemd/journal/flushed, ignoring: %m");

        server_space_usage_message(s, NULL);
        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_sigusr2(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        log_info("Received request to rotate journal from PID " PID_FMT, si->ssi_pid);
        server_rotate(s);
        server_vacuum(s, true);

        if (s->system_journal)
                patch_min_use(&s->system_storage);
        if (s->runtime_journal)
                patch_min_use(&s->runtime_storage);

        /* Let clients know when the most recent rotation happened. */
        r = write_timestamp_file_atomic("/run/systemd/journal/rotated", now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/journal/rotated, ignoring: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_sigterm(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;

        assert(s);

        log_received_signal(LOG_INFO, si);

        sd_event_exit(s->event, 0);
        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_sigrtmin1(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        log_debug("Received request to sync from PID " PID_FMT, si->ssi_pid);

        server_sync(s);

        /* Let clients know when the most recent sync happened. */
        r = write_timestamp_file_atomic("/run/systemd/journal/synced", now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/journal/synced, ignoring: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int setup_signals(Server *s) {
        int r;

        assert(s);

        assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_SETMASK, NULL, SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGRTMIN+1, -1) >= 0);

        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigusr1_event_source, SIGUSR1, dispatch_sigusr1, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigusr2_event_source, SIGUSR2, dispatch_sigusr2, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigterm_event_source, SIGTERM, dispatch_sigterm, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* Let's process SIGTERM late, so that we flush all queued
         * messages to disk before we exit */
        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->sigterm_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_NORMAL+20);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* When journald is invoked on the terminal (when debugging),
         * it's useful if C-c is handled equivalent to SIGTERM. */
        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigint_event_source, SIGINT, dispatch_sigterm, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->sigint_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_NORMAL+20);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* SIGRTMIN+1 causes an immediate sync. We process this very
         * late, so that everything else queued at this point is
         * really written to disk. Clients can watch
         * /run/systemd/journal/synced with inotify until its mtime
         * changes to see when a sync happened. */
        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigrtmin1_event_source, SIGRTMIN+1, dispatch_sigrtmin1, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->sigrtmin1_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_NORMAL+15);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        return 0;
}

static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) {
        Server *s = data;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog")) {

                r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse forward to syslog switch \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->forward_to_syslog = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg")) {

                r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse forward to kmsg switch \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->forward_to_kmsg = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.forward_to_console")) {

                r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse forward to console switch \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->forward_to_console = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.forward_to_wall")) {

                r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse forward to wall switch \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->forward_to_wall = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.max_level_console")) {

                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
                        return 0;

                r = log_level_from_string(value);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse max level console value \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->max_level_console = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.max_level_store")) {

                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
                        return 0;

                r = log_level_from_string(value);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse max level store value \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->max_level_store = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.max_level_syslog")) {

                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
                        return 0;

                r = log_level_from_string(value);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse max level syslog value \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->max_level_syslog = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.max_level_kmsg")) {

                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
                        return 0;

                r = log_level_from_string(value);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse max level kmsg value \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->max_level_kmsg = r;

        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.journald.max_level_wall")) {

                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
                        return 0;

                r = log_level_from_string(value);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_warning("Failed to parse max level wall value \"%s\". Ignoring.", value);
                else
                        s->max_level_wall = r;

        } else if (startswith(key, "systemd.journald"))
                log_warning("Unknown journald kernel command line option \"%s\". Ignoring.", key);

        /* do not warn about state here, since probably systemd already did */
        return 0;
}

static int server_parse_config_file(Server *s) {
        assert(s);

        return config_parse_many_nulstr(PKGSYSCONFDIR "/journald.conf",
                                        CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/journald.conf.d"),
                                        "Journal\0",
                                        config_item_perf_lookup, journald_gperf_lookup,
                                        CONFIG_PARSE_WARN, s);
}

static int server_dispatch_sync(sd_event_source *es, usec_t t, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;

        assert(s);

        server_sync(s);
        return 0;
}

int server_schedule_sync(Server *s, int priority) {
        int r;

        assert(s);

        if (priority <= LOG_CRIT) {
                /* Immediately sync to disk when this is of priority CRIT, ALERT, EMERG */
                server_sync(s);
                return 0;
        }

        if (s->sync_scheduled)
                return 0;

        if (s->sync_interval_usec > 0) {
                usec_t when;

                r = sd_event_now(s->event, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &when);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                when += s->sync_interval_usec;

                if (!s->sync_event_source) {
                        r = sd_event_add_time(
                                        s->event,
                                        &s->sync_event_source,
                                        CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
                                        when, 0,
                                        server_dispatch_sync, s);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IMPORTANT);
                } else {
                        r = sd_event_source_set_time(s->sync_event_source, when);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
                }
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                s->sync_scheduled = true;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_hostname_change(sd_event_source *es, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;

        assert(s);

        server_cache_hostname(s);
        return 0;
}

static int server_open_hostname(Server *s) {
        int r;

        assert(s);

        s->hostname_fd = open("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname",
                              O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
        if (s->hostname_fd < 0)
                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /proc/sys/kernel/hostname: %m");

        r = sd_event_add_io(s->event, &s->hostname_event_source, s->hostname_fd, 0, dispatch_hostname_change, s);
        if (r < 0) {
                /* kernels prior to 3.2 don't support polling this file. Ignore
                 * the failure. */
                if (r == -EPERM) {
                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to register hostname fd in event loop, ignoring: %m");
                        s->hostname_fd = safe_close(s->hostname_fd);
                        return 0;
                }

                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to register hostname fd in event loop: %m");
        }

        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->hostname_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IMPORTANT-10);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to adjust priority of host name event source: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_notify_event(sd_event_source *es, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(s);
        assert(s->notify_event_source == es);
        assert(s->notify_fd == fd);

        /* The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is writable again, now send exactly one
         * message on it. Either it's the watchdog event, the initial
         * READY=1 event or an stdout stream event. If there's nothing
         * to write anymore, turn our event source off. The next time
         * there's something to send it will be turned on again. */

        if (!s->sent_notify_ready) {
                static const char p[] =
                        "READY=1\n"
                        "STATUS=Processing requests...";
                ssize_t l;

                l = send(s->notify_fd, p, strlen(p), MSG_DONTWAIT);
                if (l < 0) {
                        if (errno == EAGAIN)
                                return 0;

                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to send READY=1 notification message: %m");
                }

                s->sent_notify_ready = true;
                log_debug("Sent READY=1 notification.");

        } else if (s->send_watchdog) {

                static const char p[] =
                        "WATCHDOG=1";

                ssize_t l;

                l = send(s->notify_fd, p, strlen(p), MSG_DONTWAIT);
                if (l < 0) {
                        if (errno == EAGAIN)
                                return 0;

                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to send WATCHDOG=1 notification message: %m");
                }

                s->send_watchdog = false;
                log_debug("Sent WATCHDOG=1 notification.");

        } else if (s->stdout_streams_notify_queue)
                /* Dispatch one stream notification event */
                stdout_stream_send_notify(s->stdout_streams_notify_queue);

        /* Leave us enabled if there's still more to do. */
        if (s->send_watchdog || s->stdout_streams_notify_queue)
                return 0;

        /* There was nothing to do anymore, let's turn ourselves off. */
        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(es, SD_EVENT_OFF);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to turn off notify event source: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int dispatch_watchdog(sd_event_source *es, uint64_t usec, void *userdata) {
        Server *s = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(s);

        s->send_watchdog = true;

        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->notify_event_source, SD_EVENT_ON);
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to turn on notify event source: %m");

        r = sd_event_source_set_time(s->watchdog_event_source, usec + s->watchdog_usec / 2);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to restart watchdog event source: %m");

        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->watchdog_event_source, SD_EVENT_ON);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable watchdog event source: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int server_connect_notify(Server *s) {
        union sockaddr_union sa = {
                .un.sun_family = AF_UNIX,
        };
        const char *e;
        int r;

        assert(s);
        assert(s->notify_fd < 0);
        assert(!s->notify_event_source);

        /*
          So here's the problem: we'd like to send notification
          messages to PID 1, but we cannot do that via sd_notify(),
          since that's synchronous, and we might end up blocking on
          it. Specifically: given that PID 1 might block on
          dbus-daemon during IPC, and dbus-daemon is logging to us,
          and might hence block on us, we might end up in a deadlock
          if we block on sending PID 1 notification messages — by
          generating a full blocking circle. To avoid this, let's
          create a non-blocking socket, and connect it to the
          notification socket, and then wait for POLLOUT before we
          send anything. This should efficiently avoid any deadlocks,
          as we'll never block on PID 1, hence PID 1 can safely block
          on dbus-daemon which can safely block on us again.

          Don't think that this issue is real? It is, see:
          https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/1505
        */

        e = getenv("NOTIFY_SOCKET");
        if (!e)
                return 0;

        if (!IN_SET(e[0], '@', '/') || e[1] == 0) {
                log_error("NOTIFY_SOCKET set to an invalid value: %s", e);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (strlen(e) > sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)) {
                log_error("NOTIFY_SOCKET path too long: %s", e);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        s->notify_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
        if (s->notify_fd < 0)
                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create notify socket: %m");

        (void) fd_inc_sndbuf(s->notify_fd, NOTIFY_SNDBUF_SIZE);

        strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, e, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
        if (sa.un.sun_path[0] == '@')
                sa.un.sun_path[0] = 0;

        r = connect(s->notify_fd, &sa.sa, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa.un));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to connect to notify socket: %m");

        r = sd_event_add_io(s->event, &s->notify_event_source, s->notify_fd, EPOLLOUT, dispatch_notify_event, s);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to watch notification socket: %m");

        if (sd_watchdog_enabled(false, &s->watchdog_usec) > 0) {
                s->send_watchdog = true;

                r = sd_event_add_time(s->event, &s->watchdog_event_source, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + s->watchdog_usec/2, s->watchdog_usec/4, dispatch_watchdog, s);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add watchdog time event: %m");
        }

        /* This should fire pretty soon, which we'll use to send the
         * READY=1 event. */

        return 0;
}

int server_init(Server *s) {
        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
        int n, r, fd;
        bool no_sockets;

        assert(s);

        zero(*s);
        s->syslog_fd = s->native_fd = s->stdout_fd = s->dev_kmsg_fd = s->audit_fd = s->hostname_fd = s->notify_fd = -1;
        s->compress.enabled = true;
        s->compress.threshold_bytes = (uint64_t) -1;
        s->seal = true;
        s->read_kmsg = true;

        s->watchdog_usec = USEC_INFINITY;

        s->sync_interval_usec = DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL_USEC;
        s->sync_scheduled = false;

        s->rate_limit_interval = DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_INTERVAL;
        s->rate_limit_burst = DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_BURST;

        s->forward_to_wall = true;

        s->max_file_usec = DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_USEC;

        s->max_level_store = LOG_DEBUG;
        s->max_level_syslog = LOG_DEBUG;
        s->max_level_kmsg = LOG_NOTICE;
        s->max_level_console = LOG_INFO;
        s->max_level_wall = LOG_EMERG;

        s->line_max = DEFAULT_LINE_MAX;

        journal_reset_metrics(&s->system_storage.metrics);
        journal_reset_metrics(&s->runtime_storage.metrics);

        server_parse_config_file(s);

        r = proc_cmdline_parse(parse_proc_cmdline_item, s, PROC_CMDLINE_STRIP_RD_PREFIX);
        if (r < 0)
                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m");

        if (!!s->rate_limit_interval ^ !!s->rate_limit_burst) {
                log_debug("Setting both rate limit interval and burst from "USEC_FMT",%u to 0,0",
                          s->rate_limit_interval, s->rate_limit_burst);
                s->rate_limit_interval = s->rate_limit_burst = 0;
        }

        (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);

        s->user_journals = ordered_hashmap_new(NULL);
        if (!s->user_journals)
                return log_oom();

        s->mmap = mmap_cache_new();
        if (!s->mmap)
                return log_oom();

        s->deferred_closes = set_new(NULL);
        if (!s->deferred_closes)
                return log_oom();

        r = sd_event_default(&s->event);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create event loop: %m");

        n = sd_listen_fds(true);
        if (n < 0)
                return log_error_errno(n, "Failed to read listening file descriptors from environment: %m");

        for (fd = SD_LISTEN_FDS_START; fd < SD_LISTEN_FDS_START + n; fd++) {

                if (sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/run/systemd/journal/socket", 0) > 0) {

                        if (s->native_fd >= 0) {
                                log_error("Too many native sockets passed.");
                                return -EINVAL;
                        }

                        s->native_fd = fd;

                } else if (sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_STREAM, 1, "/run/systemd/journal/stdout", 0) > 0) {

                        if (s->stdout_fd >= 0) {
                                log_error("Too many stdout sockets passed.");
                                return -EINVAL;
                        }

                        s->stdout_fd = fd;

                } else if (sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/dev/log", 0) > 0 ||
                           sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/run/systemd/journal/dev-log", 0) > 0) {

                        if (s->syslog_fd >= 0) {
                                log_error("Too many /dev/log sockets passed.");
                                return -EINVAL;
                        }

                        s->syslog_fd = fd;

                } else if (sd_is_socket(fd, AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, -1) > 0) {

                        if (s->audit_fd >= 0) {
                                log_error("Too many audit sockets passed.");
                                return -EINVAL;
                        }

                        s->audit_fd = fd;

                } else {

                        if (!fds) {
                                fds = fdset_new();
                                if (!fds)
                                        return log_oom();
                        }

                        r = fdset_put(fds, fd);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_oom();
                }
        }

        /* Try to restore streams, but don't bother if this fails */
        (void) server_restore_streams(s, fds);

        if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
                log_warning("%u unknown file descriptors passed, closing.", fdset_size(fds));
                fds = fdset_free(fds);
        }

        no_sockets = s->native_fd < 0 && s->stdout_fd < 0 && s->syslog_fd < 0 && s->audit_fd < 0;

        /* always open stdout, syslog, native, and kmsg sockets */

        /* systemd-journald.socket: /run/systemd/journal/stdout */
        r = server_open_stdout_socket(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* systemd-journald-dev-log.socket: /run/systemd/journal/dev-log */
        r = server_open_syslog_socket(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* systemd-journald.socket: /run/systemd/journal/socket */
        r = server_open_native_socket(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* /dev/kmsg */
        r = server_open_dev_kmsg(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* Unless we got *some* sockets and not audit, open audit socket */
        if (s->audit_fd >= 0 || no_sockets) {
                r = server_open_audit(s);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        r = server_open_kernel_seqnum(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = server_open_hostname(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = setup_signals(s);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        s->udev = udev_new();
        if (!s->udev)
                return -ENOMEM;

        s->rate_limit = journal_rate_limit_new(s->rate_limit_interval, s->rate_limit_burst);
        if (!s->rate_limit)
                return -ENOMEM;

        r = cg_get_root_path(&s->cgroup_root);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        server_cache_hostname(s);
        server_cache_boot_id(s);
        server_cache_machine_id(s);

        s->runtime_storage.name = "Runtime journal";
        s->system_storage.name = "System journal";

        s->runtime_storage.path = strjoin("/run/log/journal/", SERVER_MACHINE_ID(s));
        s->system_storage.path  = strjoin("/var/log/journal/", SERVER_MACHINE_ID(s));
        if (!s->runtime_storage.path || !s->system_storage.path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        (void) server_connect_notify(s);

        (void) client_context_acquire_default(s);

        return system_journal_open(s, false);
}

void server_maybe_append_tags(Server *s) {
#if HAVE_GCRYPT
        JournalFile *f;
        Iterator i;
        usec_t n;

        n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);

        if (s->system_journal)
                journal_file_maybe_append_tag(s->system_journal, n);

        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, s->user_journals, i)
                journal_file_maybe_append_tag(f, n);
#endif
}

void server_done(Server *s) {
        assert(s);

        set_free_with_destructor(s->deferred_closes, journal_file_close);

        while (s->stdout_streams)
                stdout_stream_free(s->stdout_streams);

        client_context_flush_all(s);

        if (s->system_journal)
                (void) journal_file_close(s->system_journal);

        if (s->runtime_journal)
                (void) journal_file_close(s->runtime_journal);

        ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(s->user_journals, journal_file_close);

        sd_event_source_unref(s->syslog_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->native_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->stdout_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->dev_kmsg_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->audit_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sync_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigusr1_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigusr2_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigterm_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigint_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigrtmin1_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->hostname_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->notify_event_source);
        sd_event_source_unref(s->watchdog_event_source);
        sd_event_unref(s->event);

        safe_close(s->syslog_fd);
        safe_close(s->native_fd);
        safe_close(s->stdout_fd);
        safe_close(s->dev_kmsg_fd);
        safe_close(s->audit_fd);
        safe_close(s->hostname_fd);
        safe_close(s->notify_fd);

        if (s->rate_limit)
                journal_rate_limit_free(s->rate_limit);

        if (s->kernel_seqnum)
                munmap(s->kernel_seqnum, sizeof(uint64_t));

        free(s->buffer);
        free(s->tty_path);
        free(s->cgroup_root);
        free(s->hostname_field);
        free(s->runtime_storage.path);
        free(s->system_storage.path);

        if (s->mmap)
                mmap_cache_unref(s->mmap);

        udev_unref(s->udev);
}

static const char* const storage_table[_STORAGE_MAX] = {
        [STORAGE_AUTO] = "auto",
        [STORAGE_VOLATILE] = "volatile",
        [STORAGE_PERSISTENT] = "persistent",
        [STORAGE_NONE] = "none"
};

DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(storage, Storage);
DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_storage, storage, Storage, "Failed to parse storage setting");

static const char* const split_mode_table[_SPLIT_MAX] = {
        [SPLIT_LOGIN] = "login",
        [SPLIT_UID] = "uid",
        [SPLIT_NONE] = "none",
};

DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(split_mode, SplitMode);
DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_split_mode, split_mode, SplitMode, "Failed to parse split mode setting");

int config_parse_line_max(
                const char* unit,
                const char *filename,
                unsigned line,
                const char *section,
                unsigned section_line,
                const char *lvalue,
                int ltype,
                const char *rvalue,
                void *data,
                void *userdata) {

        size_t *sz = data;
        int r;

        assert(filename);
        assert(lvalue);
        assert(rvalue);
        assert(data);

        if (isempty(rvalue))
                /* Empty assignment means default */
                *sz = DEFAULT_LINE_MAX;
        else {
                uint64_t v;

                r = parse_size(rvalue, 1024, &v);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse LineMax= value, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
                        return 0;
                }

                if (v < 79) {
                        /* Why specify 79 here as minimum line length? Simply, because the most common traditional
                         * terminal size is 80ch, and it might make sense to break one character before the natural
                         * line break would occur on that. */
                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "LineMax= too small, clamping to 79: %s", rvalue);
                        *sz = 79;
                } else if (v > (uint64_t) (SSIZE_MAX-1)) {
                        /* So, why specify SSIZE_MAX-1 here? Because that's one below the largest size value read()
                         * can return, and we need one extra byte for the trailing NUL byte. Of course IRL such large
                         * memory allocations will fail anyway, hence this limit is mostly theoretical anyway, as we'll
                         * fail much earlier anyway. */
                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "LineMax= too large, clamping to %" PRIu64 ": %s", (uint64_t) (SSIZE_MAX-1), rvalue);
                        *sz = SSIZE_MAX-1;
                } else
                        *sz = (size_t) v;
        }

        return 0;
}

int config_parse_compress(const char* unit,
                          const char *filename,
                          unsigned line,
                          const char *section,
                          unsigned section_line,
                          const char *lvalue,
                          int ltype,
                          const char *rvalue,
                          void *data,
                          void *userdata) {
        JournalCompressOptions* compress = data;
        int r;

        if (streq(rvalue, "1")) {
                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
                           "Compress= ambiguously specified as 1, enabling compression with default threshold");
                compress->enabled = true;
        } else if (streq(rvalue, "0")) {
                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
                           "Compress= ambiguously specified as 0, disabling compression");
                compress->enabled = false;
        } else if ((r = parse_boolean(rvalue)) >= 0)
                compress->enabled = r;
        else if (parse_size(rvalue, 1024, &compress->threshold_bytes) == 0)
                compress->enabled = true;
        else if (isempty(rvalue)) {
                compress->enabled = true;
                compress->threshold_bytes = (uint64_t) -1;
        } else
                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse Compress= value, ignoring: %s", rvalue);

        return 0;
}