1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
8 #include <linux/loop.h>
10 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
14 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
15 #include <sys/personality.h>
16 #include <sys/prctl.h>
17 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include "sd-daemon.h"
26 #include "alloc-util.h"
28 #include "base-filesystem.h"
29 #include "blkid-util.h"
30 #include "btrfs-util.h"
32 #include "bus-error.h"
35 #include "capability-util.h"
36 #include "cgroup-util.h"
37 #include "chase-symlinks.h"
39 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
40 #include "creds-util.h"
41 #include "dev-setup.h"
42 #include "discover-image.h"
43 #include "dissect-image.h"
49 #include "format-util.h"
52 #include "hexdecoct.h"
53 #include "hostname-setup.h"
54 #include "hostname-util.h"
55 #include "id128-util.h"
58 #include "loop-util.h"
59 #include "loopback-setup.h"
61 #include "main-func.h"
62 #include "missing_sched.h"
64 #include "mount-util.h"
65 #include "mountpoint-util.h"
66 #include "namespace-util.h"
67 #include "netlink-util.h"
68 #include "nspawn-bind-user.h"
69 #include "nspawn-cgroup.h"
70 #include "nspawn-creds.h"
71 #include "nspawn-def.h"
72 #include "nspawn-expose-ports.h"
73 #include "nspawn-mount.h"
74 #include "nspawn-network.h"
75 #include "nspawn-oci.h"
76 #include "nspawn-patch-uid.h"
77 #include "nspawn-register.h"
78 #include "nspawn-seccomp.h"
79 #include "nspawn-settings.h"
80 #include "nspawn-setuid.h"
81 #include "nspawn-stub-pid1.h"
82 #include "nspawn-util.h"
84 #include "nulstr-util.h"
87 #include "parse-argument.h"
88 #include "parse-util.h"
89 #include "pretty-print.h"
90 #include "process-util.h"
92 #include "random-util.h"
93 #include "raw-clone.h"
94 #include "resolve-util.h"
95 #include "rlimit-util.h"
98 #include "seccomp-util.h"
100 #include "selinux-util.h"
101 #include "signal-util.h"
102 #include "socket-util.h"
103 #include "stat-util.h"
104 #include "stdio-util.h"
105 #include "string-table.h"
106 #include "string-util.h"
108 #include "sysctl-util.h"
109 #include "terminal-util.h"
110 #include "tmpfile-util.h"
111 #include "umask-util.h"
112 #include "unit-name.h"
113 #include "user-util.h"
115 /* The notify socket inside the container it can use to talk to nspawn using the sd_notify(3) protocol */
116 #define NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH "/run/host/notify"
118 #define EXIT_FORCE_RESTART 133
120 typedef enum ContainerStatus
{
121 CONTAINER_TERMINATED
,
125 static char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
126 static char *arg_template
= NULL
;
127 static char *arg_chdir
= NULL
;
128 static char *arg_pivot_root_new
= NULL
;
129 static char *arg_pivot_root_old
= NULL
;
130 static char *arg_user
= NULL
;
131 static uid_t arg_uid
= UID_INVALID
;
132 static gid_t arg_gid
= GID_INVALID
;
133 static gid_t
* arg_supplementary_gids
= NULL
;
134 static size_t arg_n_supplementary_gids
= 0;
135 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid
= {};
136 static char *arg_machine
= NULL
; /* The name used by the host to refer to this */
137 static char *arg_hostname
= NULL
; /* The name the payload sees by default */
138 static const char *arg_selinux_context
= NULL
;
139 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context
= NULL
;
140 static char *arg_slice
= NULL
;
141 static bool arg_private_network
= false;
142 static bool arg_read_only
= false;
143 static StartMode arg_start_mode
= START_PID1
;
144 static bool arg_ephemeral
= false;
145 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
146 static bool arg_link_journal_try
= false;
147 static uint64_t arg_caps_retain
=
148 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) |
149 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN
) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER
) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID
) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER
) |
157 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE
) |
158 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE
) |
159 (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD
) |
160 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
) |
161 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST
) |
162 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW
) |
163 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP
) |
164 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID
) |
165 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
166 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID
) |
167 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) |
168 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT
) |
169 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT
) |
170 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE
) |
171 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE
) |
172 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
) |
173 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
174 static uint64_t arg_caps_ambient
= 0;
175 static CapabilityQuintet arg_full_capabilities
= CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL
;
176 static CustomMount
*arg_custom_mounts
= NULL
;
177 static size_t arg_n_custom_mounts
= 0;
178 static char **arg_setenv
= NULL
;
179 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
180 static bool arg_register
= true;
181 static bool arg_keep_unit
= false;
182 static char **arg_network_interfaces
= NULL
;
183 static char **arg_network_macvlan
= NULL
;
184 static char **arg_network_ipvlan
= NULL
;
185 static bool arg_network_veth
= false;
186 static char **arg_network_veth_extra
= NULL
;
187 static char *arg_network_bridge
= NULL
;
188 static char *arg_network_zone
= NULL
;
189 static char *arg_network_namespace_path
= NULL
;
190 static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags
= 0;
191 static unsigned long arg_personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
192 static char *arg_image
= NULL
;
193 static char *arg_oci_bundle
= NULL
;
194 static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_NO
;
195 static ExposePort
*arg_expose_ports
= NULL
;
196 static char **arg_property
= NULL
;
197 static sd_bus_message
*arg_property_message
= NULL
;
198 static UserNamespaceMode arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
199 static uid_t arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
, arg_uid_range
= 0x10000U
;
200 static UserNamespaceOwnership arg_userns_ownership
= _USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_INVALID
;
201 static int arg_kill_signal
= 0;
202 static CGroupUnified arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
;
203 static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask
= 0;
204 static int arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
205 static char **arg_parameters
= NULL
;
206 static const char *arg_container_service_name
= "systemd-nspawn";
207 static bool arg_notify_ready
= false;
208 static bool arg_use_cgns
= true;
209 static unsigned long arg_clone_ns_flags
= CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
;
210 static MountSettingsMask arg_mount_settings
= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
;
211 static VeritySettings arg_verity_settings
= VERITY_SETTINGS_DEFAULT
;
212 static char **arg_syscall_allow_list
= NULL
;
213 static char **arg_syscall_deny_list
= NULL
;
215 static scmp_filter_ctx arg_seccomp
= NULL
;
217 static struct rlimit
*arg_rlimit
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {};
218 static bool arg_no_new_privileges
= false;
219 static int arg_oom_score_adjust
= 0;
220 static bool arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= false;
221 static CPUSet arg_cpu_set
= {};
222 static ResolvConfMode arg_resolv_conf
= RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
;
223 static TimezoneMode arg_timezone
= TIMEZONE_AUTO
;
224 static unsigned arg_console_width
= UINT_MAX
, arg_console_height
= UINT_MAX
;
225 static DeviceNode
* arg_extra_nodes
= NULL
;
226 static size_t arg_n_extra_nodes
= 0;
227 static char **arg_sysctl
= NULL
;
228 static ConsoleMode arg_console_mode
= _CONSOLE_MODE_INVALID
;
229 static Credential
*arg_credentials
= NULL
;
230 static size_t arg_n_credentials
= 0;
231 static char **arg_bind_user
= NULL
;
232 static bool arg_suppress_sync
= false;
233 static char *arg_settings_filename
= NULL
;
235 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_directory
, freep
);
236 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_template
, freep
);
237 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_chdir
, freep
);
238 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_new
, freep
);
239 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_old
, freep
);
240 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_user
, freep
);
241 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_supplementary_gids
, freep
);
242 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_machine
, freep
);
243 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_hostname
, freep
);
244 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_slice
, freep
);
245 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_setenv
, strv_freep
);
246 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_interfaces
, strv_freep
);
247 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_macvlan
, strv_freep
);
248 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_ipvlan
, strv_freep
);
249 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_veth_extra
, strv_freep
);
250 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_bridge
, freep
);
251 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_zone
, freep
);
252 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_namespace_path
, freep
);
253 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image
, freep
);
254 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_oci_bundle
, freep
);
255 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property
, strv_freep
);
256 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property_message
, sd_bus_message_unrefp
);
257 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_parameters
, strv_freep
);
258 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_verity_settings
, verity_settings_done
);
259 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_allow_list
, strv_freep
);
260 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_deny_list
, strv_freep
);
262 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_seccomp
, seccomp_releasep
);
264 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_cpu_set
, cpu_set_reset
);
265 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_sysctl
, strv_freep
);
266 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_bind_user
, strv_freep
);
267 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_settings_filename
, freep
);
269 static int handle_arg_console(const char *arg
) {
270 if (streq(arg
, "help")) {
279 if (streq(arg
, "interactive"))
280 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
281 else if (streq(arg
, "read-only"))
282 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
283 else if (streq(arg
, "passive"))
284 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PASSIVE
;
285 else if (streq(arg
, "pipe")) {
286 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
287 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_NOTICE
,
288 "Console mode 'pipe' selected, but standard input/output are connected to an interactive TTY. "
289 "Most likely you want to use 'interactive' console mode for proper interactivity and shell job control. "
290 "Proceeding anyway.");
292 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
293 } else if (streq(arg
, "autopipe")) {
294 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
295 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
297 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
299 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Unknown console mode: %s", optarg
);
301 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
;
305 static int help(void) {
306 _cleanup_free_
char *link
= NULL
;
309 pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
311 r
= terminal_urlify_man("systemd-nspawn", "1", &link
);
315 printf("%1$s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
316 "%5$sSpawn a command or OS in a light-weight container.%6$s\n\n"
317 " -h --help Show this help\n"
318 " --version Print version string\n"
319 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
320 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
321 " --settings=BOOLEAN Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n\n"
323 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
324 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
326 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
327 " remove it after exit\n"
328 " -i --image=PATH Root file system disk image (or device node) for\n"
330 " --oci-bundle=PATH OCI bundle directory\n"
331 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
332 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n"
333 " --root-hash=HASH Specify verity root hash for root disk image\n"
334 " --root-hash-sig=SIG Specify pkcs7 signature of root hash for verity\n"
335 " as a DER encoded PKCS7, either as a path to a file\n"
336 " or as an ASCII base64 encoded string prefixed by\n"
338 " --verity-data=PATH Specify hash device for verity\n"
339 " --pivot-root=PATH[:PATH]\n"
340 " Pivot root to given directory in the container\n\n"
341 "%3$sExecution:%4$s\n"
342 " -a --as-pid2 Maintain a stub init as PID1, invoke binary as PID2\n"
343 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
344 " --chdir=PATH Set working directory in the container\n"
345 " -E --setenv=NAME[=VALUE] Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
346 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or UID\n"
347 " --kill-signal=SIGNAL Select signal to use for shutting down PID 1\n"
348 " --notify-ready=BOOLEAN Receive notifications from the child init process\n"
349 " --suppress-sync=BOOLEAN\n"
350 " Suppress any form of disk data synchronization\n\n"
351 "%3$sSystem Identity:%4$s\n"
352 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
353 " --hostname=NAME Override the hostname for the container\n"
354 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n\n"
355 "%3$sProperties:%4$s\n"
356 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
357 " --property=NAME=VALUE Set scope unit property\n"
358 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
359 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
360 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n\n"
361 "%3$sUser Namespacing:%4$s\n"
362 " --private-users=no Run without user namespacing\n"
363 " --private-users=yes|pick|identity\n"
364 " Run within user namespace, autoselect UID/GID range\n"
365 " --private-users=UIDBASE[:NUIDS]\n"
366 " Similar, but with user configured UID/GID range\n"
367 " --private-users-ownership=MODE\n"
368 " Adjust ('chown') or map ('map') OS tree ownership\n"
369 " to private UID/GID range\n"
370 " -U Equivalent to --private-users=pick and\n"
371 " --private-users-ownership=auto\n\n"
372 "%3$sNetworking:%4$s\n"
373 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
374 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
375 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
377 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
378 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
379 " existing network interface to the container\n"
380 " --network-ipvlan=INTERFACE\n"
381 " Create an ipvlan network interface based on an\n"
382 " existing network interface to the container\n"
383 " -n --network-veth Add a virtual Ethernet connection between host\n"
385 " --network-veth-extra=HOSTIF[:CONTAINERIF]\n"
386 " Add an additional virtual Ethernet link between\n"
387 " host and container\n"
388 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
389 " Add a virtual Ethernet connection to the container\n"
390 " and attach it to an existing bridge on the host\n"
391 " --network-zone=NAME Similar, but attach the new interface to an\n"
392 " an automatically managed bridge interface\n"
393 " --network-namespace-path=PATH\n"
394 " Set network namespace to the one represented by\n"
395 " the specified kernel namespace file node\n"
396 " -p --port=[PROTOCOL:]HOSTPORT[:CONTAINERPORT]\n"
397 " Expose a container IP port on the host\n\n"
398 "%3$sSecurity:%4$s\n"
399 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
401 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
402 " --ambient-capability=CAP\n"
403 " Sets the specified capability for the started\n"
404 " process. Not useful if booting a machine.\n"
405 " --no-new-privileges Set PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for container payload\n"
406 " --system-call-filter=LIST|~LIST\n"
407 " Permit/prohibit specific system calls\n"
408 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
409 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
410 " processes in the container\n"
411 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
412 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
413 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n\n"
414 "%3$sResources:%4$s\n"
415 " --rlimit=NAME=LIMIT Set a resource limit for the payload\n"
416 " --oom-score-adjust=VALUE\n"
417 " Adjust the OOM score value for the payload\n"
418 " --cpu-affinity=CPUS Adjust the CPU affinity of the container\n"
419 " --personality=ARCH Pick personality for this container\n\n"
420 "%3$sIntegration:%4$s\n"
421 " --resolv-conf=MODE Select mode of /etc/resolv.conf initialization\n"
422 " --timezone=MODE Select mode of /etc/localtime initialization\n"
423 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, \n"
424 " host, try-guest, try-host\n"
425 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n\n"
427 " --bind=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]]\n"
428 " Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
430 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]\n"
431 " Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
432 " --inaccessible=PATH Over-mount file node with inaccessible node to mask\n"
434 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
435 " --overlay=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
436 " Create an overlay mount from the host to \n"
438 " --overlay-ro=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
439 " Similar, but creates a read-only overlay mount\n"
440 " --bind-user=NAME Bind user from host to container\n\n"
441 "%3$sInput/Output:%4$s\n"
442 " --console=MODE Select how stdin/stdout/stderr and /dev/console are\n"
443 " set up for the container.\n"
444 " -P --pipe Equivalent to --console=pipe\n\n"
445 "%3$sCredentials:%4$s\n"
446 " --set-credential=ID:VALUE\n"
447 " Pass a credential with literal value to container.\n"
448 " --load-credential=ID:PATH\n"
449 " Load credential to pass to container from file or\n"
450 " AF_UNIX stream socket.\n"
451 "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n",
452 program_invocation_short_name
,
462 static int custom_mount_check_all(void) {
465 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_custom_mounts
; i
++) {
466 CustomMount
*m
= &arg_custom_mounts
[i
];
468 if (path_equal(m
->destination
, "/") && arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
469 if (arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_OFF
)
470 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
471 "--private-users-ownership=own may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
472 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
)
473 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
474 "--private-users with automatic UID shift may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
481 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment(void) {
482 const char *e
, *var
= "SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY";
485 /* Allow the user to control whether the unified hierarchy is used */
489 /* $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY has been renamed to $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY. */
490 var
= "UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY";
495 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
497 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", var
);
499 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
501 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
507 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(const char *directory
) {
510 /* Let's inherit the mode to use from the host system, but let's take into consideration what systemd
511 * in the image actually supports. */
512 r
= cg_all_unified();
514 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
516 /* Unified cgroup hierarchy support was added in 230. Unfortunately the detection
517 * routine only detects 231, so we'll have a false negative here for 230. */
518 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, "230");
520 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
522 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
524 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
525 } else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0) {
526 /* Mixed cgroup hierarchy support was added in 233 */
527 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, "233");
529 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
531 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
533 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
535 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
537 log_debug("Using %s hierarchy for container.",
538 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
? "legacy" :
539 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
? "hybrid" : "unified");
544 static int parse_capability_spec(const char *spec
, uint64_t *ret_mask
) {
549 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
551 r
= extract_first_word(&spec
, &t
, ",", 0);
553 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
557 if (streq(t
, "help")) {
558 for (int i
= 0; i
< capability_list_length(); i
++) {
561 name
= capability_to_name(i
);
572 r
= capability_from_name(t
);
574 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
581 return 1; /* continue */
584 static int parse_share_ns_env(const char *name
, unsigned long ns_flag
) {
587 r
= getenv_bool(name
);
591 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", name
);
593 arg_clone_ns_flags
= (arg_clone_ns_flags
& ~ns_flag
) | (r
> 0 ? 0 : ns_flag
);
594 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
;
598 static int parse_mount_settings_env(void) {
602 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP");
603 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -ENXIO
)
604 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP: %m");
606 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
, r
> 0);
608 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE");
609 if (streq_ptr(e
, "network"))
610 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
613 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
615 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE: %m");
617 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
, r
== 0);
618 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
, false);
624 static int parse_environment(void) {
628 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC", CLONE_NEWIPC
);
631 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID", CLONE_NEWPID
);
634 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS", CLONE_NEWUTS
);
637 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM", CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
);
641 r
= parse_mount_settings_env();
645 /* SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS=0 can be used to disable CLONE_NEWCGROUP use,
646 * even if it is supported. If not supported, it has no effect. */
647 if (!cg_ns_supported())
648 arg_use_cgns
= false;
650 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS");
653 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS: %m");
657 arg_use_cgns
= r
> 0;
658 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USE_CGNS
;
662 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_CONTAINER_SERVICE");
664 arg_container_service_name
= e
;
666 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_SUPPRESS_SYNC");
668 arg_suppress_sync
= r
;
669 else if (r
!= -ENXIO
)
670 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_SUPPRESS_SYNC, ignoring: %m");
672 return detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
675 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
682 ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
,
694 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
,
699 ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
,
700 ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
,
710 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
,
711 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
,
716 ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
,
719 ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
,
720 ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
,
734 static const struct option options
[] = {
735 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
736 { "version", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
737 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
738 { "template", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TEMPLATE
},
739 { "ephemeral", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
740 { "user", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
741 { "private-network", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
},
742 { "as-pid2", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
743 { "boot", no_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
744 { "uuid", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UUID
},
745 { "read-only", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_READ_ONLY
},
746 { "capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CAPABILITY
},
747 { "ambient-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
},
748 { "drop-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
},
749 { "no-new-privileges", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
},
750 { "link-journal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
},
751 { "bind", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND
},
752 { "bind-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_RO
},
753 { "tmpfs", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TMPFS
},
754 { "overlay", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY
},
755 { "overlay-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY_RO
},
756 { "inaccessible", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_INACCESSIBLE
},
757 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
758 { "hostname", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_HOSTNAME
},
759 { "slice", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
760 { "setenv", required_argument
, NULL
, 'E' },
761 { "selinux-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'Z' },
762 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'L' },
763 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
764 { "share-system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
}, /* not documented */
765 { "register", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_REGISTER
},
766 { "keep-unit", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KEEP_UNIT
},
767 { "network-interface", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
},
768 { "network-macvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
},
769 { "network-ipvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
},
770 { "network-veth", no_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
771 { "network-veth-extra", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
},
772 { "network-bridge", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
},
773 { "network-zone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
},
774 { "network-namespace-path", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
},
775 { "personality", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PERSONALITY
},
776 { "image", required_argument
, NULL
, 'i' },
777 { "volatile", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VOLATILE
},
778 { "port", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
779 { "property", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PROPERTY
},
780 { "private-users", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
},
781 { "private-users-chown", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
}, /* obsolete */
782 { "private-users-ownership",required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
},
783 { "kill-signal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
},
784 { "settings", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETTINGS
},
785 { "chdir", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CHDIR
},
786 { "pivot-root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
},
787 { "notify-ready", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NOTIFY_READY
},
788 { "root-hash", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH
},
789 { "root-hash-sig", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
},
790 { "verity-data", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERITY_DATA
},
791 { "system-call-filter", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
},
792 { "rlimit", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RLIMIT
},
793 { "oom-score-adjust", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
},
794 { "cpu-affinity", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
},
795 { "resolv-conf", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RESOLV_CONF
},
796 { "timezone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TIMEZONE
},
797 { "console", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CONSOLE
},
798 { "pipe", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIPE
},
799 { "oci-bundle", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OCI_BUNDLE
},
800 { "no-pager", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_PAGER
},
801 { "set-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
},
802 { "load-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
},
803 { "bind-user", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_USER
},
804 { "suppress-sync", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SUPPRESS_SYNC
},
809 uint64_t plus
= 0, minus
= 0;
810 bool mask_all_settings
= false, mask_no_settings
= false;
815 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "+hD:u:abL:M:jS:Z:qi:xp:nUE:P", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
825 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_directory
);
829 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
833 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_template
);
837 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
841 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_image
);
845 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
849 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_oci_bundle
);
856 arg_ephemeral
= true;
857 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EPHEMERAL
;
861 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_user
, optarg
);
865 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USER
;
868 case ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
: {
871 j
= strjoin("vz-", optarg
);
875 if (!ifname_valid(j
)) {
876 log_error("Network zone name not valid: %s", j
);
881 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, j
);
883 arg_network_veth
= true;
884 arg_private_network
= true;
885 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
889 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
:
891 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
892 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
893 "Bridge interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
895 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge
, optarg
);
901 arg_network_veth
= true;
902 arg_private_network
= true;
903 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
906 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
:
907 r
= veth_extra_parse(&arg_network_veth_extra
, optarg
);
909 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --network-veth-extra= parameter: %s", optarg
);
911 arg_private_network
= true;
912 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
915 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
:
916 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
917 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
918 "Network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
920 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
924 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces
, optarg
) < 0)
927 arg_private_network
= true;
928 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
931 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
:
933 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
934 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
935 "MACVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
937 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
941 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
944 arg_private_network
= true;
945 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
948 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
:
950 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
951 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
952 "IPVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
954 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
958 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_ipvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
962 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
:
963 arg_private_network
= true;
964 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
967 case ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
:
968 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_network_namespace_path
);
972 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
976 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
)
977 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
978 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
980 arg_start_mode
= START_BOOT
;
981 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
985 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
986 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
987 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
989 arg_start_mode
= START_PID2
;
990 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
994 r
= sd_id128_from_string(optarg
, &arg_uuid
);
996 return log_error_errno(r
, "Invalid UUID: %s", optarg
);
998 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
))
999 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1000 "Machine UUID may not be all zeroes.");
1002 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_MACHINE_ID
;
1006 _cleanup_free_
char *mangled
= NULL
;
1008 r
= unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(optarg
, NULL
, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN
, ".slice", &mangled
);
1012 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, mangled
);
1013 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SLICE
;
1018 if (isempty(optarg
))
1019 arg_machine
= mfree(arg_machine
);
1021 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, 0))
1022 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1023 "Invalid machine name: %s", optarg
);
1025 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_machine
, optarg
);
1032 if (isempty(optarg
))
1033 arg_hostname
= mfree(arg_hostname
);
1035 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, 0))
1036 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1037 "Invalid hostname: %s", optarg
);
1039 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_hostname
, optarg
);
1044 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_HOSTNAME
;
1048 arg_selinux_context
= optarg
;
1052 arg_selinux_apifs_context
= optarg
;
1056 arg_read_only
= true;
1057 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_READ_ONLY
;
1060 case ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
: {
1062 r
= parse_capability_spec(optarg
, &m
);
1065 arg_caps_ambient
|= m
;
1066 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
1069 case ARG_CAPABILITY
:
1070 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
: {
1072 r
= parse_capability_spec(optarg
, &m
);
1076 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
1080 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
1083 case ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
:
1084 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1086 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --no-new-privileges= argument: %s", optarg
);
1088 arg_no_new_privileges
= r
;
1089 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
;
1093 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
1094 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
1095 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1098 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
:
1099 r
= parse_link_journal(optarg
, &arg_link_journal
, &arg_link_journal_try
);
1101 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg
);
1103 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1108 r
= bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_BIND_RO
);
1110 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1112 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1116 r
= tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1118 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1120 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1124 case ARG_OVERLAY_RO
:
1125 r
= overlay_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_OVERLAY_RO
);
1126 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
1127 return log_error_errno(r
, "--overlay(-ro)= needs at least two colon-separated directories specified.");
1129 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --overlay(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1131 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1134 case ARG_INACCESSIBLE
:
1135 r
= inaccessible_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1137 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --inaccessible= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1139 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1143 r
= strv_env_replace_strdup_passthrough(&arg_setenv
, optarg
);
1145 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot assign environment variable %s: %m", optarg
);
1147 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
;
1154 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
:
1155 /* We don't officially support this anymore, except for compat reasons. People should use the
1156 * $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* environment variables instead. */
1157 log_warning("Please do not use --share-system anymore, use $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* instead.");
1158 arg_clone_ns_flags
= 0;
1162 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1164 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg
);
1172 arg_keep_unit
= true;
1175 case ARG_PERSONALITY
:
1177 arg_personality
= personality_from_string(optarg
);
1178 if (arg_personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
1179 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1180 "Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg
);
1182 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PERSONALITY
;
1188 arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_YES
;
1189 else if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1190 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(volatile_mode
, VolatileMode
, _VOLATILE_MODE_MAX
);
1195 m
= volatile_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1197 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1198 "Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg
);
1200 arg_volatile_mode
= m
;
1203 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
;
1207 r
= expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports
, optarg
);
1209 return log_error_errno(r
, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg
);
1211 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg
);
1213 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
;
1217 if (strv_extend(&arg_property
, optarg
) < 0)
1222 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
: {
1227 else if (!in_charset(optarg
, DIGITS
))
1228 /* do *not* parse numbers as booleans */
1229 boolean
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1234 /* no: User namespacing off */
1235 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
1236 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1237 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1238 } else if (boolean
> 0) {
1239 /* yes: User namespacing on, UID range is read from root dir */
1240 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1241 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1242 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1243 } else if (streq(optarg
, "pick")) {
1244 /* pick: User namespacing on, UID range is picked randomly */
1245 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
; /* Note that arg_userns_ownership is
1246 * implied by USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
1248 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1249 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1251 } else if (streq(optarg
, "identity")) {
1252 /* identitiy: User namespaces on, UID range is map the 0…0xFFFF range to
1253 * itself, i.e. we don't actually map anything, but do take benefit of
1254 * isolation of capability sets. */
1255 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1257 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1259 _cleanup_free_
char *buffer
= NULL
;
1260 const char *range
, *shift
;
1262 /* anything else: User namespacing on, UID range is explicitly configured */
1264 range
= strchr(optarg
, ':');
1266 buffer
= strndup(optarg
, range
- optarg
);
1272 r
= safe_atou32(range
, &arg_uid_range
);
1274 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID range \"%s\": %m", range
);
1278 r
= parse_uid(shift
, &arg_uid_shift
);
1280 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
1282 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1284 if (!userns_shift_range_valid(arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
))
1285 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "UID range cannot be empty or go beyond " UID_FMT
".", UID_INVALID
);
1288 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1293 if (userns_supported()) {
1294 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
; /* Note that arg_userns_ownership is
1295 * implied by USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
1297 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1298 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1300 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1305 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
:
1306 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
1308 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1311 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
:
1312 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1313 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(user_namespace_ownership
, UserNamespaceOwnership
, _USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAX
);
1317 arg_userns_ownership
= user_namespace_ownership_from_string(optarg
);
1318 if (arg_userns_ownership
< 0)
1319 return log_error_errno(arg_userns_ownership
, "Cannot parse --user-namespace-ownership= value: %s", optarg
);
1321 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1324 case ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
:
1325 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1326 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(signal
, int, _NSIG
);
1330 arg_kill_signal
= signal_from_string(optarg
);
1331 if (arg_kill_signal
< 0)
1332 return log_error_errno(arg_kill_signal
, "Cannot parse signal: %s", optarg
);
1334 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
;
1339 /* no → do not read files
1340 * yes → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
1341 * override → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
1342 * trusted → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
1345 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1347 if (streq(optarg
, "trusted")) {
1348 mask_all_settings
= false;
1349 mask_no_settings
= false;
1350 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
1352 } else if (streq(optarg
, "override")) {
1353 mask_all_settings
= false;
1354 mask_no_settings
= true;
1355 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1357 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg
);
1360 mask_all_settings
= false;
1361 mask_no_settings
= false;
1362 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1365 mask_all_settings
= true;
1366 mask_no_settings
= false;
1367 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
1373 if (!path_is_absolute(optarg
))
1374 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1375 "Working directory %s is not an absolute path.", optarg
);
1377 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_chdir
, optarg
);
1381 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
;
1384 case ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
:
1385 r
= pivot_root_parse(&arg_pivot_root_new
, &arg_pivot_root_old
, optarg
);
1387 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --pivot-root= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1389 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
;
1392 case ARG_NOTIFY_READY
:
1393 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1395 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1396 "%s is not a valid notify mode. Valid modes are: yes, no, and ready.", optarg
);
1397 arg_notify_ready
= r
;
1398 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
;
1401 case ARG_ROOT_HASH
: {
1402 _cleanup_free_
void *k
= NULL
;
1405 r
= unhexmem(optarg
, strlen(optarg
), &k
, &l
);
1407 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash: %s", optarg
);
1408 if (l
< sizeof(sd_id128_t
))
1409 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Root hash must be at least 128bit long: %s", optarg
);
1411 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
, k
);
1412 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_size
= l
;
1416 case ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
: {
1421 if ((value
= startswith(optarg
, "base64:"))) {
1422 r
= unbase64mem(value
, strlen(value
), &p
, &l
);
1424 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash signature '%s': %m", optarg
);
1427 r
= read_full_file(optarg
, (char**) &p
, &l
);
1429 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed parse root hash signature file '%s': %m", optarg
);
1432 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig
, p
);
1433 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig_size
= l
;
1437 case ARG_VERITY_DATA
:
1438 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_verity_settings
.data_path
);
1443 case ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
: {
1447 negative
= optarg
[0] == '~';
1448 items
= negative
? optarg
+ 1 : optarg
;
1451 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
;
1453 r
= extract_first_word(&items
, &word
, NULL
, 0);
1459 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse system call filter: %m");
1462 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_deny_list
, word
);
1464 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_allow_list
, word
);
1469 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
;
1475 _cleanup_free_
char *name
= NULL
;
1478 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1479 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(rlimit
, int, _RLIMIT_MAX
);
1483 eq
= strchr(optarg
, '=');
1485 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1486 "--rlimit= expects an '=' assignment.");
1488 name
= strndup(optarg
, eq
- optarg
);
1492 rl
= rlimit_from_string_harder(name
);
1494 return log_error_errno(rl
, "Unknown resource limit: %s", name
);
1496 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
]) {
1497 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = new0(struct rlimit
, 1);
1498 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
1502 r
= rlimit_parse(rl
, eq
+ 1, arg_rlimit
[rl
]);
1504 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq
+ 1);
1506 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
;
1510 case ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
:
1511 r
= parse_oom_score_adjust(optarg
, &arg_oom_score_adjust
);
1513 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --oom-score-adjust= parameter: %s", optarg
);
1515 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
1516 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
;
1519 case ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
: {
1522 r
= parse_cpu_set(optarg
, &cpuset
);
1524 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask %s: %m", optarg
);
1526 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
1527 arg_cpu_set
= cpuset
;
1528 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
;
1532 case ARG_RESOLV_CONF
:
1533 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1534 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(resolv_conf_mode
, ResolvConfMode
, _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_MAX
);
1538 arg_resolv_conf
= resolv_conf_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1539 if (arg_resolv_conf
< 0)
1540 return log_error_errno(arg_resolv_conf
,
1541 "Failed to parse /etc/resolv.conf mode: %s", optarg
);
1543 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
;
1547 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1548 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(timezone_mode
, TimezoneMode
, _TIMEZONE_MODE_MAX
);
1552 arg_timezone
= timezone_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1553 if (arg_timezone
< 0)
1554 return log_error_errno(arg_timezone
,
1555 "Failed to parse /etc/localtime mode: %s", optarg
);
1557 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_TIMEZONE
;
1561 r
= handle_arg_console(optarg
);
1568 r
= handle_arg_console("pipe");
1574 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_DISABLE
;
1577 case ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
: {
1578 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *data
= NULL
;
1579 const char *p
= optarg
;
1583 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1587 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --set-credential= parameter: %m");
1589 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --set-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1591 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1592 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1594 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1595 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1596 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1598 l
= cunescape(p
, UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL
, &data
);
1600 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to unescape credential data: %s", p
);
1602 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1606 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1607 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1608 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1612 arg_credentials
= a
;
1614 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1618 case ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
: {
1619 ReadFullFileFlags flags
= READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE
;
1620 _cleanup_(erase_and_freep
) char *data
= NULL
;
1621 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *j
= NULL
;
1622 const char *p
= optarg
;
1626 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1630 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --load-credential= parameter: %m");
1632 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --load-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1634 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1635 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1637 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1638 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1639 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1641 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1642 flags
|= READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET
;
1646 r
= get_credentials_dir(&e
);
1648 return log_error_errno(r
, "Credential not available (no credentials passed at all): %s", word
);
1650 j
= path_join(e
, p
);
1655 r
= read_full_file_full(AT_FDCWD
, j
?: p
, UINT64_MAX
, SIZE_MAX
,
1660 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read credential '%s': %m", j
?: p
);
1662 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1666 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1667 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1668 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1672 arg_credentials
= a
;
1674 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1679 if (!valid_user_group_name(optarg
, 0))
1680 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid user name to bind: %s", optarg
);
1682 if (strv_extend(&arg_bind_user
, optarg
) < 0)
1685 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_BIND_USER
;
1688 case ARG_SUPPRESS_SYNC
:
1689 r
= parse_boolean_argument("--suppress-sync=", optarg
, &arg_suppress_sync
);
1693 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SUPPRESS_SYNC
;
1700 assert_not_reached();
1703 if (argc
> optind
) {
1704 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
1705 arg_parameters
= strv_copy(argv
+ optind
);
1706 if (!arg_parameters
)
1709 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
1712 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
&& !arg_directory
)
1713 /* User asked for ephemeral execution but specified --template= instead of --directory=. Semantically
1714 * such an invocation makes some sense, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3667. Let's
1715 * accept this here, and silently make "--ephemeral --template=" equivalent to "--ephemeral
1717 arg_directory
= TAKE_PTR(arg_template
);
1719 arg_caps_retain
= (arg_caps_retain
| plus
| (arg_private_network
? UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
: 0)) & ~minus
;
1721 /* Make sure to parse environment before we reset the settings mask below */
1722 r
= parse_environment();
1726 /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
1727 if (mask_no_settings
)
1728 arg_settings_mask
= 0;
1730 /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
1731 if (mask_all_settings
)
1732 arg_settings_mask
= _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
;
1737 static int verify_arguments(void) {
1740 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
&& arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
1741 /* If we are running the stub init in the container, we don't need to look at what the init
1742 * in the container supports, because we are not using it. Let's immediately pick the right
1743 * setting based on the host system configuration.
1745 * We only do this, if the user didn't use an environment variable to override the detection.
1748 r
= cg_all_unified();
1750 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
1752 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
1753 else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0)
1754 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
1756 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
1759 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1760 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_USE_USERNS
;
1762 if (arg_private_network
)
1763 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
1765 if (!(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) ||
1766 !(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
)) {
1767 arg_register
= false;
1768 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_PID1
)
1769 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--boot cannot be used without namespacing.");
1772 if (arg_userns_ownership
< 0)
1773 arg_userns_ownership
=
1774 arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
? USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
:
1775 USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_OFF
;
1777 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
&& arg_kill_signal
<= 0)
1778 arg_kill_signal
= SIGRTMIN
+3;
1780 if (arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
) /* Make sure all file systems contained in the image are mounted read-only if we are in volatile mode */
1781 arg_read_only
= true;
1783 if (has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
))
1784 arg_read_only
= true;
1786 if (arg_keep_unit
&& arg_register
&& cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL
) >= 0)
1787 /* Save the user from accidentally registering either user-$SESSION.scope or user@.service.
1788 * The latter is not technically a user session, but we don't need to labour the point. */
1789 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--keep-unit --register=yes may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
1791 if (arg_directory
&& arg_image
)
1792 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
1794 if (arg_template
&& arg_image
)
1795 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
1797 if (arg_template
&& !(arg_directory
|| arg_machine
))
1798 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
1800 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
)
1801 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
1803 if (arg_ephemeral
&& !IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_NO
, LINK_AUTO
))
1804 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
1806 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !userns_supported())
1807 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
1809 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
&& arg_read_only
)
1810 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1811 "--read-only and --private-users-ownership=chown may not be combined.");
1813 /* We don't support --private-users-ownership=chown together with any of the volatile modes since we
1814 * couldn't change the read-only part of the tree (i.e. /usr) anyway, or because it would trigger a
1815 * massive copy-up (in case of overlay) making the entire exercise pointless. */
1816 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
&& arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
)
1817 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--volatile= and --private-users-ownership=chown may not be combined.");
1819 /* If --network-namespace-path is given with any other network-related option (except --private-network),
1820 * we need to error out, to avoid conflicts between different network options. */
1821 if (arg_network_namespace_path
&&
1822 (arg_network_interfaces
|| arg_network_macvlan
||
1823 arg_network_ipvlan
|| arg_network_veth_extra
||
1824 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
||
1826 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--network-namespace-path= cannot be combined with other network options.");
1828 if (arg_network_bridge
&& arg_network_zone
)
1829 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1830 "--network-bridge= and --network-zone= may not be combined.");
1832 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& (arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
) && !arg_private_network
)
1833 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid namespacing settings. Mounting sysfs with --private-users requires --private-network.");
1835 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !(arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
))
1836 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot combine --private-users with read-write mounts.");
1838 if (arg_expose_ports
&& !arg_private_network
)
1839 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot use --port= without private networking.");
1841 if (arg_caps_ambient
) {
1842 if (arg_caps_ambient
== UINT64_MAX
)
1843 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= does not support the value all.");
1845 if ((arg_caps_ambient
& arg_caps_retain
) != arg_caps_ambient
)
1846 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= setting is not fully covered by Capability= setting.");
1848 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
1849 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= setting is not useful for boot mode.");
1852 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !strv_isempty(arg_bind_user
))
1853 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--bind-user= requires --private-users");
1855 /* Drop duplicate --bind-user= entries */
1856 strv_uniq(arg_bind_user
);
1858 r
= custom_mount_check_all();
1865 int userns_lchown(const char *p
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1868 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1871 if (uid
== UID_INVALID
&& gid
== GID_INVALID
)
1874 if (uid
!= UID_INVALID
) {
1875 uid
+= arg_uid_shift
;
1877 if (uid
< arg_uid_shift
|| uid
>= arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
)
1881 if (gid
!= GID_INVALID
) {
1882 gid
+= (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
;
1884 if (gid
< (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
|| gid
>= (gid_t
) (arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
))
1888 return RET_NERRNO(lchown(p
, uid
, gid
));
1891 int userns_mkdir(const char *root
, const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1895 q
= prefix_roota(root
, path
);
1896 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(q
, mode
));
1902 return userns_lchown(q
, uid
, gid
);
1905 static const char *timezone_from_path(const char *path
) {
1906 return PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(
1908 "../usr/share/zoneinfo/",
1909 "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1912 static bool etc_writable(void) {
1913 return !arg_read_only
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_OVERLAY
);
1916 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest
) {
1917 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *etc
= NULL
;
1918 const char *where
, *check
;
1924 if (IN_SET(arg_timezone
, TIMEZONE_AUTO
, TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
)) {
1925 r
= readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p
);
1926 if (r
== -ENOENT
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1927 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_DELETE
: TIMEZONE_OFF
;
1928 else if (r
== -EINVAL
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
) /* regular file? */
1929 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_COPY
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1931 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to read host's /etc/localtime symlink, not updating container timezone: %m");
1932 /* To handle warning, delete /etc/localtime and replace it with a symbolic link to a time zone data
1936 * ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
1939 } else if (arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1940 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1946 if (m
== TIMEZONE_OFF
)
1949 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
1951 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1955 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/localtime");
1959 case TIMEZONE_DELETE
:
1960 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
1961 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
1965 case TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: {
1966 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
;
1967 const char *z
, *what
;
1969 z
= timezone_from_path(p
);
1971 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
1975 r
= readlink_malloc(where
, &q
);
1976 if (r
>= 0 && streq_ptr(timezone_from_path(q
), z
))
1977 return 0; /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
1979 check
= strjoina(dest
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1980 r
= chase_symlinks(check
, dest
, 0, NULL
, NULL
);
1982 log_debug_errno(r
, "Timezone %s does not exist (or is not accessible) in container, not creating symlink: %m", z
);
1984 if (unlink(where
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1985 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, /* Don't complain on read-only images */
1986 errno
, "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container, ignoring: %m", where
);
1990 what
= strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1991 if (symlink(what
, where
) < 0) {
1992 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
1993 errno
, "Failed to correct timezone of container, ignoring: %m");
2003 case TIMEZONE_BIND
: {
2004 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
2007 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
2009 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/localtime path in container, ignoring: %m");
2013 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
2014 (void) touch(resolved
);
2016 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, "/etc/localtime", resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2018 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2024 /* If mounting failed, try to copy */
2025 r
= copy_file_atomic("/etc/localtime", where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
2027 log_full_errno(IN_SET(r
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
2028 "Failed to copy /etc/localtime to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
2035 assert_not_reached();
2038 /* Fix permissions of the symlink or file copy we just created */
2039 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
2041 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/localtime, ignoring: %m");
2046 static int have_resolv_conf(const char *path
) {
2049 if (access(path
, F_OK
) < 0) {
2050 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
2053 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine whether '%s' is available: %m", path
);
2059 static int resolved_listening(void) {
2060 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
2061 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
2062 _cleanup_free_
char *dns_stub_listener_mode
= NULL
;
2065 /* Check if resolved is listening */
2067 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
2069 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
2071 r
= bus_name_has_owner(bus
, "org.freedesktop.resolve1", NULL
);
2073 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to check whether the 'org.freedesktop.resolve1' bus name is taken: %m");
2077 r
= sd_bus_get_property_string(bus
,
2078 "org.freedesktop.resolve1",
2079 "/org/freedesktop/resolve1",
2080 "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager",
2083 &dns_stub_listener_mode
);
2085 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to query DNSStubListener property: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
2087 return STR_IN_SET(dns_stub_listener_mode
, "udp", "yes");
2090 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest
) {
2091 _cleanup_free_
char *etc
= NULL
;
2092 const char *where
, *what
;
2098 if (arg_resolv_conf
== RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
) {
2099 if (arg_private_network
)
2100 m
= RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2101 else if (have_resolv_conf(PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
) > 0 && resolved_listening() > 0)
2102 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
;
2103 else if (have_resolv_conf("/etc/resolv.conf") > 0)
2104 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
;
2106 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
: RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2109 m
= arg_resolv_conf
;
2111 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_OFF
)
2114 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
2116 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
2120 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/resolv.conf");
2122 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
) {
2123 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
2124 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
2129 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
))
2130 what
= PRIVATE_STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
;
2131 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
))
2132 what
= PRIVATE_UPLINK_RESOLV_CONF
;
2133 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
))
2134 what
= PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
;
2136 what
= "/etc/resolv.conf";
2138 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
)) {
2139 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
2142 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
2144 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/resolv.conf path in container, ignoring: %m");
2148 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
2149 (void) touch(resolved
);
2151 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, what
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2153 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2155 /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
2158 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
))
2159 r
= copy_file_atomic(what
, where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
2161 r
= copy_file(what
, where
, O_TRUNC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
);
2163 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
2164 * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
2166 * If the disk image is read-only, there's also no point in complaining.
2168 log_full_errno(!IN_SET(RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
) &&
2169 IN_SET(r
, -ELOOP
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
2170 "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
2174 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
2176 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/resolv.conf, ignoring: %m");
2181 static int setup_boot_id(void) {
2182 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2183 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2184 sd_id128_t rnd
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
2188 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of the container gets a new one */
2190 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id", &path
);
2192 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot ID path: %m");
2194 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&rnd
);
2196 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
2198 r
= id128_write(path
, ID128_UUID
, rnd
, false);
2200 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
2202 from
= TAKE_PTR(path
);
2203 to
= "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id";
2205 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2209 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2212 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest
) {
2213 static const char devnodes
[] =
2226 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2228 /* Create /dev/net, so that we can create /dev/net/tun in it */
2229 if (userns_mkdir(dest
, "/dev/net", 0755, 0, 0) < 0)
2230 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/net directory: %m");
2232 NULSTR_FOREACH(d
, devnodes
) {
2233 _cleanup_free_
char *from
= NULL
, *to
= NULL
;
2236 from
= path_join("/dev/", d
);
2240 to
= path_join(dest
, from
);
2244 if (stat(from
, &st
) < 0) {
2246 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
2247 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from
);
2249 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) && !S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
))
2250 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2251 "%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy.", from
);
2253 _cleanup_free_
char *sl
= NULL
, *prefixed
= NULL
, *dn
= NULL
, *t
= NULL
;
2255 if (mknod(to
, st
.st_mode
, st
.st_rdev
) < 0) {
2256 /* Explicitly warn the user when /dev is already populated. */
2257 if (errno
== EEXIST
)
2258 log_notice("%s/dev is pre-mounted and pre-populated. If a pre-mounted /dev is provided it needs to be an unpopulated file system.", dest
);
2260 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", to
);
2262 /* Some systems abusively restrict mknod but allow bind mounts. */
2265 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2266 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2268 return log_error_errno(r
, "Both mknod and bind mount (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2271 r
= userns_lchown(to
, 0, 0);
2273 return log_error_errno(r
, "chown() of device node %s failed: %m", to
);
2275 dn
= path_join("/dev", S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? "char" : "block");
2279 r
= userns_mkdir(dest
, dn
, 0755, 0, 0);
2281 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create '%s': %m", dn
);
2283 if (asprintf(&sl
, "%s/%u:%u", dn
, major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
)) < 0)
2286 prefixed
= path_join(dest
, sl
);
2290 t
= path_join("..", d
);
2294 if (symlink(t
, prefixed
) < 0)
2295 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink '%s' to '%s': %m", t
, prefixed
);
2302 static int make_extra_nodes(const char *dest
) {
2306 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2308 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_extra_nodes
; i
++) {
2309 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2310 DeviceNode
*n
= arg_extra_nodes
+ i
;
2312 path
= path_join(dest
, n
->path
);
2316 if (mknod(path
, n
->mode
, S_ISCHR(n
->mode
) || S_ISBLK(n
->mode
) ? makedev(n
->major
, n
->minor
) : 0) < 0)
2317 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create device node '%s': %m", path
);
2319 r
= chmod_and_chown(path
, n
->mode
, n
->uid
, n
->gid
);
2321 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust device node ownership of '%s': %m", path
);
2327 static int setup_pts(const char *dest
) {
2328 _cleanup_free_
char *options
= NULL
;
2333 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
)
2334 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2335 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
",context=\"%s\"",
2336 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
,
2337 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2340 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2341 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
,
2342 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
);
2347 /* Mount /dev/pts itself */
2348 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts");
2349 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(p
, 0755));
2351 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/pts: %m");
2353 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "devpts", p
, "devpts", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
, options
);
2356 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2358 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts: %m");
2360 /* Create /dev/ptmx symlink */
2361 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/ptmx");
2362 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p
) < 0)
2363 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
2364 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2366 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/ptmx: %m");
2368 /* And fix /dev/pts/ptmx ownership */
2369 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts/ptmx");
2370 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2372 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts/ptmx: %m");
2377 static int setup_stdio_as_dev_console(void) {
2378 _cleanup_close_
int terminal
= -1;
2381 /* We open the TTY in O_NOCTTY mode, so that we do not become controller yet. We'll do that later
2382 * explicitly, if we are configured to. */
2383 terminal
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
);
2385 return log_error_errno(terminal
, "Failed to open console: %m");
2387 /* Make sure we can continue logging to the original stderr, even if
2388 * stderr points elsewhere now */
2389 r
= log_dup_console();
2391 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to duplicate stderr: %m");
2393 /* invalidates 'terminal' on success and failure */
2394 r
= rearrange_stdio(terminal
, terminal
, terminal
);
2397 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move console to stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
2402 static int setup_dev_console(const char *console
) {
2403 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2406 /* Create /dev/console symlink */
2407 r
= path_make_relative("/dev", console
, &p
);
2409 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create relative path: %m");
2411 if (symlink(p
, "/dev/console") < 0)
2412 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/console symlink: %m");
2417 static int setup_keyring(void) {
2418 key_serial_t keyring
;
2420 /* Allocate a new session keyring for the container. This makes sure the keyring of the session
2421 * systemd-nspawn was invoked from doesn't leak into the container. Note that by default we block
2422 * keyctl() and request_key() anyway via seccomp so doing this operation isn't strictly necessary,
2423 * but in case people explicitly allow-list these system calls let's make sure we don't leak anything
2424 * into the container. */
2426 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
2427 if (keyring
== -1) {
2428 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
2429 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
2430 else if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno
))
2431 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
2433 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
2439 static int setup_credentials(const char *root
) {
2443 if (arg_n_credentials
<= 0)
2446 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2448 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2450 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host/credentials", 0700, 0, 0);
2452 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host/credentials: %m");
2454 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/host/credentials");
2455 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, "ramfs", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0700");
2459 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++) {
2460 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
2461 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2463 j
= path_join(q
, arg_credentials
[i
].id
);
2467 fd
= open(j
, O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0600);
2469 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create credential file %s: %m", j
);
2471 r
= loop_write(fd
, arg_credentials
[i
].data
, arg_credentials
[i
].size
, /* do_poll= */ false);
2473 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write credential to file %s: %m", j
);
2475 if (fchmod(fd
, 0400) < 0)
2476 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", j
);
2478 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2479 if (fchown(fd
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
) < 0)
2480 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust ownership of %s: %m", j
);
2484 if (chmod(q
, 0500) < 0)
2485 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", q
);
2487 r
= userns_lchown(q
, 0, 0);
2491 /* Make both mount and superblock read-only now */
2492 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_BIND
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2496 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0500");
2499 static int setup_kmsg(int kmsg_socket
) {
2500 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2501 _cleanup_free_
char *fifo
= NULL
;
2502 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2505 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2507 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2509 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as as temporary file in /run, but immediately delete it after bind mounting it to
2510 * /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg, their writing side behaves
2511 * differently from /dev/kmsg in that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to avoid any problems
2512 * with containers deadlocking due to this we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
2514 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-kmsg", &fifo
);
2516 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate kmsg path: %m");
2518 if (mkfifo(fifo
, 0600) < 0)
2519 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mkfifo() for /run/kmsg failed: %m");
2521 from
= TAKE_PTR(fifo
);
2523 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, "/proc/kmsg", NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2527 fd
= open(from
, O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2529 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
2531 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as long as we run the child */
2532 r
= send_one_fd(kmsg_socket
, fd
, 0);
2534 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
2540 union in_addr_union address4
;
2541 union in_addr_union address6
;
2542 struct FirewallContext
*fw_ctx
;
2545 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink
*rtnl
, sd_netlink_message
*m
, void *userdata
) {
2546 struct ExposeArgs
*args
= ASSERT_PTR(userdata
);
2551 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &args
->address4
);
2552 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &args
->address6
);
2556 static int setup_hostname(void) {
2559 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
) == 0)
2562 r
= sethostname_idempotent(arg_hostname
?: arg_machine
);
2564 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set hostname: %m");
2569 static int setup_journal(const char *directory
) {
2570 _cleanup_free_
char *d
= NULL
;
2576 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
2580 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_NO
)
2583 try = arg_link_journal_try
|| arg_link_journal
== LINK_AUTO
;
2585 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id
);
2587 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
2589 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid
, this_id
)) {
2590 log_full(try ? LOG_WARNING
: LOG_ERR
,
2591 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_uuid
));
2597 FOREACH_STRING(dirname
, "/var", "/var/log", "/var/log/journal") {
2598 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, dirname
, 0755, 0, 0);
2600 bool ignore
= r
== -EROFS
&& try;
2601 log_full_errno(ignore
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_ERR
, r
,
2602 "Failed to create %s%s: %m", dirname
, ignore
? ", ignoring" : "");
2603 return ignore
? 0 : r
;
2607 p
= strjoina("/var/log/journal/", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_uuid
));
2608 q
= prefix_roota(directory
, p
);
2610 if (path_is_mount_point(p
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2614 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2615 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p
);
2618 if (path_is_mount_point(q
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2622 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2623 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q
);
2626 r
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &d
);
2628 if (IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_GUEST
, LINK_AUTO
) &&
2631 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2633 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2638 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p
);
2639 } else if (r
== -EINVAL
) {
2641 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
&&
2644 if (errno
== ENOTDIR
) {
2645 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p
);
2648 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p
);
2650 } else if (r
!= -ENOENT
)
2651 return log_error_errno(r
, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p
);
2653 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
) {
2655 if (symlink(q
, p
) < 0) {
2657 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q
, p
);
2660 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q
, p
);
2663 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2665 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2669 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_HOST
) {
2670 /* don't create parents here — if the host doesn't have
2671 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
2673 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(p
, 0755));
2674 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
) {
2676 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p
);
2679 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", p
);
2682 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) < 0)
2685 if (dir_is_empty(q
, /* ignore_hidden_or_backup= */ false) == 0)
2686 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q
);
2688 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2690 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", q
);
2692 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2694 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
2699 static int drop_capabilities(uid_t uid
) {
2700 CapabilityQuintet q
;
2702 /* Let's initialize all five capability sets to something valid. If the quintet was configured via
2703 * OCI use that, but fill in missing bits. If it wasn't then derive the quintet in full from
2704 * arg_caps_retain. */
2706 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&arg_full_capabilities
)) {
2707 q
= arg_full_capabilities
;
2709 if (q
.bounding
== UINT64_MAX
)
2710 q
.bounding
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0;
2712 if (q
.effective
== UINT64_MAX
)
2713 q
.effective
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2715 if (q
.inheritable
== UINT64_MAX
)
2716 q
.inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: arg_caps_ambient
;
2718 if (q
.permitted
== UINT64_MAX
)
2719 q
.permitted
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: arg_caps_ambient
;
2721 if (q
.ambient
== UINT64_MAX
&& ambient_capabilities_supported())
2722 q
.ambient
= arg_caps_ambient
;
2724 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2725 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Cannot set capabilities that are not in the current bounding set.");
2728 q
= (CapabilityQuintet
) {
2729 .bounding
= arg_caps_retain
,
2730 .effective
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2731 .inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: arg_caps_ambient
,
2732 .permitted
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: arg_caps_ambient
,
2733 .ambient
= ambient_capabilities_supported() ? arg_caps_ambient
: UINT64_MAX
,
2736 /* If we're not using OCI, proceed with mangled capabilities (so we don't error out)
2737 * in order to maintain the same behavior as systemd < 242. */
2738 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2739 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
2740 "Some capabilities will not be set because they are not in the current bounding set.");
2744 return capability_quintet_enforce(&q
);
2747 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
2748 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2751 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) == 0)
2754 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p
);
2758 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
2760 /* Already reset? */
2761 if (streq(p
, "4294967295"))
2764 r
= write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
2767 "Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
2768 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
2769 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
2770 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
2771 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%m)");
2779 static int setup_propagate(const char *root
) {
2783 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/", 0755);
2784 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate", 0600);
2785 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
2786 (void) mkdir_p(p
, 0600);
2788 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2790 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2792 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host/incoming", 0600, 0, 0);
2794 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host/incoming: %m");
2796 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/host/incoming");
2797 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2801 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
2805 /* machined will MS_MOVE into that directory, and that's only supported for non-shared mounts. */
2806 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_SLAVE
, NULL
);
2809 static int setup_machine_id(const char *directory
) {
2810 const char *etc_machine_id
;
2814 /* If the UUID in the container is already set, then that's what counts, and we use. If it isn't set, and the
2815 * caller passed --uuid=, then we'll pass it in the $container_uuid env var to PID 1 of the container. The
2816 * assumption is that PID 1 will then write it to /etc/machine-id to make it persistent. If --uuid= is not
2817 * passed we generate a random UUID, and pass it via $container_uuid. In effect this means that /etc/machine-id
2818 * in the container and our idea of the container UUID will always be in sync (at least if PID 1 in the
2819 * container behaves nicely). */
2821 etc_machine_id
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/etc/machine-id");
2823 r
= id128_read(etc_machine_id
, ID128_PLAIN_OR_UNINIT
, &id
);
2825 if (!IN_SET(r
, -ENOENT
, -ENOMEDIUM
)) /* If the file is missing or empty, we don't mind */
2826 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read machine ID from container image: %m");
2828 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
2829 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&arg_uuid
);
2831 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to acquire randomized machine UUID: %m");
2834 if (sd_id128_is_null(id
))
2835 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2836 "Machine ID in container image is zero, refusing.");
2844 static int recursive_chown(const char *directory
, uid_t shift
, uid_t range
) {
2849 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
|| arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
)
2852 r
= path_patch_uid(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2853 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
2854 return log_error_errno(r
, "Automatic UID/GID adjusting is only supported for UID/GID ranges starting at multiples of 2^16 with a range of 2^16.");
2856 return log_error_errno(r
, "Upper 16 bits of root directory UID and GID do not match.");
2858 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust UID/GID shift of OS tree: %m");
2860 log_debug("Root directory of image is already owned by the right UID/GID range, skipping recursive chown operation.");
2862 log_debug("Patched directory tree to match UID/GID range.");
2869 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2870 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2871 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2872 * container argument.
2873 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2874 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2875 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2876 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2877 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2878 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2879 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2881 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2882 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2884 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid
, ContainerStatus
*container
) {
2888 r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
);
2890 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2892 switch (status
.si_code
) {
2895 if (status
.si_status
== 0)
2896 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine
);
2898 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine
, status
.si_status
);
2900 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2901 return status
.si_status
;
2904 if (status
.si_status
== SIGINT
) {
2905 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine
);
2906 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2909 } else if (status
.si_status
== SIGHUP
) {
2910 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine
);
2911 *container
= CONTAINER_REBOOTED
;
2917 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2918 "Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
2921 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2922 "Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine
);
2926 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*si
, void *userdata
) {
2929 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2931 if (kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
) >= 0) {
2932 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2933 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s
, NULL
);
2938 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2942 static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*ssi
, void *userdata
) {
2948 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2953 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WNOHANG
|WNOWAIT
|WEXITED
) < 0)
2954 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to waitid(): %m");
2955 if (si
.si_pid
== 0) /* No pending children. */
2957 if (si
.si_pid
== pid
) {
2958 /* The main process we care for has exited. Return from
2959 * signal handler but leave the zombie. */
2960 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2964 /* Reap all other children. */
2965 (void) waitid(P_PID
, si
.si_pid
, &si
, WNOHANG
|WEXITED
);
2971 static int on_request_stop(sd_bus_message
*m
, void *userdata
, sd_bus_error
*error
) {
2976 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2978 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
2979 log_info("Container termination requested. Attempting to halt container.");
2980 (void) kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
);
2982 log_info("Container termination requested. Exiting.");
2983 sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m
)), 0);
2989 static int determine_names(void) {
2992 if (arg_template
&& !arg_directory
&& arg_machine
) {
2994 /* If --template= was specified then we should not
2995 * search for a machine, but instead create a new one
2996 * in /var/lib/machine. */
2998 arg_directory
= path_join("/var/lib/machines", arg_machine
);
3003 if (!arg_image
&& !arg_directory
) {
3005 _cleanup_(image_unrefp
) Image
*i
= NULL
;
3007 r
= image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE
, arg_machine
, NULL
, &i
);
3009 return log_error_errno(r
, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine
);
3011 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to find image for machine '%s': %m", arg_machine
);
3013 if (IN_SET(i
->type
, IMAGE_RAW
, IMAGE_BLOCK
))
3014 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_image
, i
->path
);
3016 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_directory
, i
->path
);
3021 arg_read_only
= arg_read_only
|| i
->read_only
;
3023 r
= safe_getcwd(&arg_directory
);
3025 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine current directory: %m");
3028 if (!arg_directory
&& !arg_image
)
3029 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine path, please use -D or -i.");
3033 if (arg_directory
&& path_equal(arg_directory
, "/"))
3034 arg_machine
= gethostname_malloc();
3035 else if (arg_image
) {
3038 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_image
));
3040 /* Truncate suffix if there is one */
3041 e
= endswith(arg_machine
, ".raw");
3045 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_directory
));
3049 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine
);
3050 if (!hostname_is_valid(arg_machine
, 0))
3051 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
3053 /* Copy the machine name before the random suffix is added below, otherwise we won't be able
3054 * to match fixed config file names. */
3055 arg_settings_filename
= strjoin(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3056 if (!arg_settings_filename
)
3059 /* Add a random suffix when this is an ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
3060 * instances at once without manually having to specify -M each time. */
3062 if (strextendf(&arg_machine
, "-%016" PRIx64
, random_u64()) < 0)
3065 arg_settings_filename
= strjoin(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3066 if (!arg_settings_filename
)
3073 static int chase_symlinks_and_update(char **p
, unsigned flags
) {
3082 r
= chase_symlinks(*p
, NULL
, flags
, &chased
, NULL
);
3084 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve path %s: %m", *p
);
3086 return free_and_replace(*p
, chased
);
3089 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory
) {
3091 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3096 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
3099 /* Read the UID shift off the image. Maybe we can reuse this to avoid chowning. */
3101 if (stat(directory
, &st
) < 0)
3102 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine UID base of %s: %m", directory
);
3104 arg_uid_shift
= st
.st_uid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000);
3106 if (arg_uid_shift
!= (st
.st_gid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000)))
3107 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3108 "UID and GID base of %s don't match.", directory
);
3110 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
3112 if (arg_uid_shift
!= 0) {
3113 /* If the image is shifted already, then we'll fall back to classic chowning, for
3114 * compatibility (and simplicity), or refuse if mapping is explicitly requested. */
3116 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
) {
3117 log_debug("UID base of %s is non-zero, not using UID mapping.", directory
);
3118 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
3119 } else if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAP
)
3120 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3121 "UID base of %s is not zero, UID mapping not supported.", directory
);
3125 if (!userns_shift_range_valid(arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
))
3126 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "UID base too high for UID range.");
3131 static unsigned long effective_clone_ns_flags(void) {
3132 unsigned long flags
= arg_clone_ns_flags
;
3134 if (arg_private_network
)
3135 flags
|= CLONE_NEWNET
;
3137 flags
|= CLONE_NEWCGROUP
;
3138 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
3139 flags
|= CLONE_NEWUSER
;
3144 static int patch_sysctl(void) {
3146 /* This table is inspired by runc's sysctl() function */
3147 static const struct {
3150 unsigned long clone_flags
;
3152 { "kernel.hostname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3153 { "kernel.domainname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3154 { "kernel.msgmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3155 { "kernel.msgmnb", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3156 { "kernel.msgmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3157 { "kernel.sem", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3158 { "kernel.shmall", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3159 { "kernel.shmmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3160 { "kernel.shmmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3161 { "fs.mqueue.", true, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3162 { "net.", true, CLONE_NEWNET
},
3165 unsigned long flags
;
3168 flags
= effective_clone_ns_flags();
3170 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k
, v
, arg_sysctl
) {
3174 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(safe_sysctl
); i
++) {
3176 if (!FLAGS_SET(flags
, safe_sysctl
[i
].clone_flags
))
3179 if (safe_sysctl
[i
].prefix
)
3180 good
= startswith(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3182 good
= streq(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3189 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Refusing to write to sysctl '%s', as it is not safe in the selected namespaces.", *k
);
3191 r
= sysctl_write(*k
, *v
);
3193 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write sysctl '%s': %m", *k
);
3199 static int inner_child(
3201 const char *directory
,
3205 int master_pty_socket
,
3207 char **os_release_pairs
) {
3209 _cleanup_free_
char *home
= NULL
;
3212 (char*) "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT
,
3213 NULL
, /* container */
3218 NULL
, /* container_uuid */
3219 NULL
, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3220 NULL
, /* LISTEN_PID */
3221 NULL
, /* NOTIFY_SOCKET */
3222 NULL
, /* CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY */
3226 const char *exec_target
;
3227 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **env_use
= NULL
;
3228 int r
, which_failed
;
3230 /* This is the "inner" child process, i.e. the one forked off by the "outer" child process, which is the one
3231 * the container manager itself forked off. At the time of clone() it gained its own CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_NEWPID,
3232 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER namespaces. Note that it has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace,
3233 * separate from the CLONE_NEWNS created for the "outer" child, and also separate from the host's CLONE_NEWNS
3234 * namespace. The reason for having two levels of CLONE_NEWNS namespaces is that the "inner" one is owned by
3235 * the CLONE_NEWUSER namespace of the container, while the "outer" one is owned by the host's CLONE_NEWUSER
3238 * Note at this point we have no CLONE_NEWNET namespace yet. We'll acquire that one later through
3239 * unshare(). See below. */
3243 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
3245 log_debug("Inner child is initializing.");
3247 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3248 /* Tell the parent, that it now can write the UID map. */
3249 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #1 */
3251 /* Wait until the parent wrote the UID map */
3252 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #2 */
3253 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3255 /* Become the new root user inside our namespace */
3256 r
= reset_uid_gid();
3258 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't become new root: %m");
3260 /* Creating a new user namespace means all MS_SHARED mounts become MS_SLAVE. Let's put them
3261 * back to MS_SHARED here, since that's what we want as defaults. (This will not reconnect
3262 * propagation, but simply create new peer groups for all our mounts). */
3263 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3269 arg_mount_settings
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
,
3271 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3275 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
&& arg_private_network
) {
3276 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWNET
);
3278 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare network namespace: %m");
3280 /* Tell the parent that it can setup network interfaces. */
3281 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #3 */
3284 r
= mount_sysfs(NULL
, arg_mount_settings
);
3288 /* Wait until we are cgroup-ified, so that we
3289 * can mount the right cgroup path writable */
3290 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #4 */
3291 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
3292 "Parent died too early");
3295 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP
);
3297 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare cgroup namespace: %m");
3300 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3301 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3304 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3307 r
= mount_systemd_cgroup_writable("", arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
3311 r
= setup_boot_id();
3315 r
= setup_kmsg(kmsg_socket
);
3318 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
3323 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3326 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3327 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
);
3332 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setsid() failed: %m");
3334 if (arg_private_network
)
3335 (void) loopback_setup();
3337 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
3338 r
= expose_port_send_rtnl(rtnl_socket
);
3341 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
3344 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3345 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
3346 _cleanup_free_
char *console
= NULL
;
3348 /* Allocate a pty and make it available as /dev/console. */
3349 master
= openpt_allocate(O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
, &console
);
3351 return log_error_errno(master
, "Failed to allocate a pty: %m");
3353 r
= setup_dev_console(console
);
3355 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up /dev/console: %m");
3357 r
= send_one_fd(master_pty_socket
, master
, 0);
3359 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send master fd: %m");
3360 master_pty_socket
= safe_close(master_pty_socket
);
3362 r
= setup_stdio_as_dev_console();
3371 if (arg_oom_score_adjust_set
) {
3372 r
= set_oom_score_adjust(arg_oom_score_adjust
);
3374 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust OOM score: %m");
3377 if (arg_cpu_set
.set
)
3378 if (sched_setaffinity(0, arg_cpu_set
.allocated
, arg_cpu_set
.set
) < 0)
3379 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
3381 (void) setup_hostname();
3383 if (arg_personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
3384 r
= safe_personality(arg_personality
);
3386 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3387 } else if (secondary
) {
3388 r
= safe_personality(PER_LINUX32
);
3390 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3393 r
= setrlimit_closest_all((const struct rlimit
*const*) arg_rlimit
, &which_failed
);
3395 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to apply resource limit RLIMIT_%s: %m", rlimit_to_string(which_failed
));
3400 if (is_seccomp_available()) {
3402 r
= seccomp_load(arg_seccomp
);
3403 if (ERRNO_IS_SECCOMP_FATAL(r
))
3404 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3406 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3411 r
= setup_seccomp(arg_caps_retain
, arg_syscall_allow_list
, arg_syscall_deny_list
);
3416 if (arg_suppress_sync
) {
3418 r
= seccomp_suppress_sync();
3420 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install sync() suppression seccomp filter, ignoring: %m");
3422 log_debug("systemd is built without SECCOMP support. Ignoring --suppress-sync= command line option and SuppressSync= setting.");
3427 if (arg_selinux_context
)
3428 if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context
) < 0)
3429 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context
);
3432 /* Make sure we keep the caps across the uid/gid dropping, so that we can retain some selected caps
3433 * if we need to later on. */
3434 if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
, 1) < 0)
3435 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set PR_SET_KEEPCAPS: %m");
3437 if (uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || gid_is_valid(arg_gid
))
3438 r
= change_uid_gid_raw(arg_uid
, arg_gid
, arg_supplementary_gids
, arg_n_supplementary_gids
, arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
);
3440 r
= change_uid_gid(arg_user
, arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
, &home
);
3444 r
= drop_capabilities(getuid());
3446 return log_error_errno(r
, "Dropping capabilities failed: %m");
3448 if (arg_no_new_privileges
)
3449 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0)
3450 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
3452 /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3453 envp
[n_env
++] = strjoina("container=", arg_container_service_name
);
3455 envp
[n_env
] = strv_find_prefix(environ
, "TERM=");
3459 if (home
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3460 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "HOME=%s", home
?: "/root") < 0)
3463 if (arg_user
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3464 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "USER=%s", arg_user
?: "root") < 0 ||
3465 asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0)
3468 assert(!sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
));
3470 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "container_uuid=%s", SD_ID128_TO_UUID_STRING(arg_uuid
)) < 0)
3473 if (fdset_size(fds
) > 0) {
3474 r
= fdset_cloexec(fds
, false);
3476 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3478 if ((asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", fdset_size(fds
)) < 0) ||
3479 (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0))
3482 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "NOTIFY_SOCKET=%s", NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
) < 0)
3485 if (arg_n_credentials
> 0) {
3486 envp
[n_env
] = strdup("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY=/run/host/credentials");
3492 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_BOOT
) {
3493 envp
[n_env
] = strdup("LANG=" SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_LOCALE
);
3499 env_use
= strv_env_merge(envp
, os_release_pairs
, arg_setenv
);
3503 /* Let the parent know that we are ready and
3504 * wait until the parent is ready with the
3506 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #5 */
3507 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3510 if (chdir(arg_chdir
) < 0)
3511 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change to specified working directory %s: %m", arg_chdir
);
3513 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
3514 r
= stub_pid1(arg_uuid
);
3519 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3520 /* So far our pty wasn't controlled by any process. Finally, it's time to change that, if we
3521 * are configured for that. Acquire it as controlling tty. */
3522 if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO
, TIOCSCTTY
) < 0)
3523 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to acquire controlling TTY: %m");
3526 log_debug("Inner child completed, invoking payload.");
3528 /* Now, explicitly close the log, so that we then can close all remaining fds. Closing the log explicitly first
3529 * has the benefit that the logging subsystem knows about it, and is thus ready to be reopened should we need
3530 * it again. Note that the other fds closed here are at least the locking and barrier fds. */
3532 log_set_open_when_needed(true);
3534 (void) fdset_close_others(fds
);
3536 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
3540 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3542 m
= strv_length(arg_parameters
);
3543 a
= newa(char*, m
+ 2);
3544 memcpy_safe(a
+ 1, arg_parameters
, m
* sizeof(char*));
3547 FOREACH_STRING(init
,
3548 "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd",
3549 "/lib/systemd/systemd",
3551 a
[0] = (char*) init
;
3552 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3555 exec_target
= "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd, /lib/systemd/systemd, /sbin/init";
3556 } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters
)) {
3557 const char *dollar_path
;
3559 exec_target
= arg_parameters
[0];
3561 /* Use the user supplied search $PATH if there is one, or DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT if not to search the
3563 dollar_path
= strv_env_get(env_use
, "PATH");
3565 if (setenv("PATH", dollar_path
, 1) < 0)
3566 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to update $PATH: %m");
3569 execvpe(arg_parameters
[0], arg_parameters
, env_use
);
3572 /* If we cannot change the directory, we'll end up in /, that is expected. */
3573 (void) chdir(home
?: "/root");
3575 execle(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "-" DEFAULT_USER_SHELL_NAME
, NULL
, env_use
);
3576 if (!streq(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "/bin/bash"))
3577 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL
, env_use
);
3578 if (!streq(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "/bin/sh"))
3579 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL
, env_use
);
3581 exec_target
= DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
", /bin/bash, /bin/sh";
3584 return log_error_errno(errno
, "execv(%s) failed: %m", exec_target
);
3587 static int setup_notify_child(void) {
3588 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3589 static const union sockaddr_union sa
= {
3590 .un
.sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
3591 .un
.sun_path
= NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
,
3595 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
, 0);
3597 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
3599 (void) mkdir_parents(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0755);
3600 (void) sockaddr_un_unlink(&sa
.un
);
3602 r
= bind(fd
, &sa
.sa
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
));
3604 return log_error_errno(errno
, "bind(" NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
") failed: %m");
3606 r
= userns_lchown(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0, 0);
3608 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown " NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
": %m");
3610 r
= setsockopt_int(fd
, SOL_SOCKET
, SO_PASSCRED
, true);
3612 return log_error_errno(r
, "SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
3617 static int outer_child(
3619 const char *directory
,
3620 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
3627 int uid_shift_socket
,
3628 int master_pty_socket
,
3629 int unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
,
3633 _cleanup_(bind_user_context_freep
) BindUserContext
*bind_user_context
= NULL
;
3634 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **os_release_pairs
= NULL
;
3635 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3642 /* This is the "outer" child process, i.e the one forked off by the container manager itself. It
3643 * already has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace (which was created by the clone()). It still lives in
3644 * the host's CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER and CLONE_NEWNET
3645 * namespaces. After it completed a number of initializations a second child (the "inner" one) is
3646 * forked off it, and it exits. */
3650 assert(pid_socket
>= 0);
3651 assert(uuid_socket
>= 0);
3652 assert(notify_socket
>= 0);
3653 assert(master_pty_socket
>= 0);
3654 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
3656 log_debug("Outer child is initializing.");
3658 r
= load_os_release_pairs_with_prefix("/", "container_host_", &os_release_pairs
);
3660 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to read os-release from host for container, ignoring: %m");
3662 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGKILL
) < 0)
3663 return log_error_errno(errno
, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3665 r
= reset_audit_loginuid();
3669 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still receive mounts from the real root, but don't propagate
3670 * mounts to the real root. */
3671 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3675 if (dissected_image
) {
3676 /* If we are operating on a disk image, then mount its root directory now, but leave out the
3677 * rest. We can read the UID shift from it if we need to. Further down we'll mount the rest,
3678 * but then with the uid shift known. That way we can mount VFAT file systems shifted to the
3679 * right place right away. This makes sure ESP partitions and userns are compatible. */
3681 r
= dissected_image_mount_and_warn(
3686 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_ROOT_ONLY
|
3687 DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3688 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
|
3689 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
|DISSECT_IMAGE_GROWFS
)|
3690 (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
? DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS
: 0));
3695 r
= determine_uid_shift(directory
);
3699 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3700 /* Let the parent know which UID shift we read from the image */
3701 l
= send(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3703 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
3704 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3705 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3706 "Short write while sending UID shift.");
3708 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3709 /* When we are supposed to pick the UID shift, the parent will check now whether the
3710 * UID shift we just read from the image is available. If yes, it will send the UID
3711 * shift back to us, if not it will pick a different one, and send it back to us. */
3713 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), 0);
3715 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to recv UID shift: %m");
3716 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3717 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3718 "Short read while receiving UID shift.");
3721 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
3722 "Selected user namespace base " UID_FMT
" and range " UID_FMT
".", arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3725 if (path_equal(directory
, "/")) {
3726 /* If the directory we shall boot is the host, let's operate on a bind mount at a different
3727 * place, so that we can make changes to its mount structure (for example, to implement
3728 * --volatile=) without this interfering with our ability to access files such as
3729 * /etc/localtime to copy into the container. Note that we use a fixed place for this
3730 * (instead of a temporary directory, since we are living in our own mount namspace here
3731 * already, and thus don't need to be afraid of colliding with anyone else's mounts). */
3732 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn-root", 0755);
3734 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "/", "/run/systemd/nspawn-root", NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3738 directory
= "/run/systemd/nspawn-root";
3741 r
= setup_pivot_root(
3744 arg_pivot_root_old
);
3748 r
= setup_volatile_mode(
3752 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3756 r
= bind_user_prepare(
3761 &arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3762 &bind_user_context
);
3766 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& bind_user_context
) {
3767 /* Send the user maps we determined to the parent, so that it installs it in our user
3768 * namespace UID map table */
3770 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< bind_user_context
->n_data
; i
++) {
3772 bind_user_context
->data
[i
].payload_user
->uid
,
3773 bind_user_context
->data
[i
].host_user
->uid
,
3774 (uid_t
) bind_user_context
->data
[i
].payload_group
->gid
,
3775 (uid_t
) bind_user_context
->data
[i
].host_group
->gid
,
3778 l
= send(uid_shift_socket
, map
, sizeof(map
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3780 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send user UID map: %m");
3781 if (l
!= sizeof(map
))
3782 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3783 "Short write while sending user UID map.");
3790 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3793 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3798 /* Make sure we always have a mount that we can move to root later on. */
3799 r
= make_mount_point(directory
);
3803 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&&
3804 IN_SET(arg_userns_ownership
, USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAP
, USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
) &&
3805 arg_uid_shift
!= 0) {
3807 r
= remount_idmap(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
, UID_INVALID
, REMOUNT_IDMAPPING_HOST_ROOT
);
3808 if (r
== -EINVAL
|| ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r
)) {
3809 /* This might fail because the kernel or file system doesn't support idmapping. We
3810 * can't really distinguish this nicely, nor do we have any guarantees about the
3811 * error codes we see, could be EOPNOTSUPP or EINVAL. */
3812 if (arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
)
3813 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
3814 "ID mapped mounts are apparently not available, sorry.");
3816 log_debug("ID mapped mounts are apparently not available on this kernel or for the selected file system, reverting to recursive chown()ing.");
3817 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
3819 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up ID mapped mounts: %m");
3821 log_debug("ID mapped mounts available, making use of them.");
3826 if (dissected_image
) {
3827 /* Now we know the uid shift, let's now mount everything else that might be in the image. */
3828 r
= dissected_image_mount(
3833 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
|
3834 DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3835 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
|
3836 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
|DISSECT_IMAGE_GROWFS
)|
3837 (idmap
? DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_IDMAPPED
: 0));
3839 return log_error_errno(r
, "File system check for image failed: %m");
3841 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to mount image file system: %m");
3844 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
3845 /* OK, we don't know yet which cgroup mode to use yet. Let's figure it out, and tell the parent. */
3847 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(directory
);
3851 l
= send(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
, &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3853 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send cgroup mode: %m");
3854 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
3855 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3856 "Short write while sending cgroup mode.");
3858 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
= safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
);
3861 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is required to make new bind
3862 * mounts available in systemd services inside the container that create a new mount namespace. See
3863 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3860 Further submounts (such as /dev) done after this
3864 * will inherit the shared propagation mode.
3866 * IMPORTANT: Do not overmount the root directory anymore from now on to enable moving the root
3867 * directory mount to root later on.
3868 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3847#issuecomment-562735251
3870 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, directory
, NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3874 r
= recursive_chown(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3878 r
= base_filesystem_create(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
);
3882 if (arg_read_only
&& arg_volatile_mode
== VOLATILE_NO
&&
3883 !has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
)) {
3884 r
= bind_remount_recursive(directory
, MS_RDONLY
, MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
3886 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
3889 r
= mount_all(directory
,
3892 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3896 r
= copy_devnodes(directory
);
3900 r
= make_extra_nodes(directory
);
3904 (void) dev_setup(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3906 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host");
3907 (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(p
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3909 r
= setup_pts(directory
);
3913 r
= setup_propagate(directory
);
3917 r
= setup_keyring();
3921 r
= setup_credentials(directory
);
3925 r
= bind_user_setup(bind_user_context
, directory
);
3932 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3935 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3936 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
);
3940 r
= setup_timezone(directory
);
3944 r
= setup_resolv_conf(directory
);
3948 r
= setup_machine_id(directory
);
3952 r
= setup_journal(directory
);
3956 /* The same stuff as the $container env var, but nicely readable for the entire payload */
3957 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-manager");
3958 (void) write_string_file(p
, arg_container_service_name
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
);
3960 /* The same stuff as the $container_uuid env var */
3961 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-uuid");
3962 (void) write_string_filef(p
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
, SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR
, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid
));
3964 if (!arg_use_cgns
) {
3967 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3968 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3971 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3977 r
= mount_move_root(directory
);
3979 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move root directory: %m");
3981 fd
= setup_notify_child();
3985 pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
|
3986 arg_clone_ns_flags
|
3987 (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
? CLONE_NEWUSER
: 0));
3989 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to fork inner child: %m");
3991 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
3992 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
3993 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
3994 uid_shift_socket
= safe_close(uid_shift_socket
);
3996 /* The inner child has all namespaces that are requested, so that we all are owned by the
3997 * user if user namespaces are turned on. */
3999 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4000 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd
, -1, -1);
4002 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to join network namespace: %m");
4005 r
= inner_child(barrier
, directory
, secondary
, kmsg_socket
, rtnl_socket
, master_pty_socket
, fds
, os_release_pairs
);
4007 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4009 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4012 l
= send(pid_socket
, &pid
, sizeof(pid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4014 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send PID: %m");
4015 if (l
!= sizeof(pid
))
4016 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4017 "Short write while sending PID.");
4019 l
= send(uuid_socket
, &arg_uuid
, sizeof(arg_uuid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4021 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send machine ID: %m");
4022 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4023 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4024 "Short write while sending machine ID.");
4026 l
= send_one_fd(notify_socket
, fd
, 0);
4028 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
4030 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
4031 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
4032 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
4033 master_pty_socket
= safe_close(master_pty_socket
);
4034 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
4035 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
4036 netns_fd
= safe_close(netns_fd
);
4041 static int uid_shift_pick(uid_t
*shift
, LockFile
*ret_lock_file
) {
4042 bool tried_hashed
= false;
4043 unsigned n_tries
= 100;
4048 assert(ret_lock_file
);
4049 assert(arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
);
4050 assert(arg_uid_range
== 0x10000U
);
4054 (void) mkdir("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid", 0755);
4057 char lock_path
[STRLEN("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
4058 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile lf
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4063 if (candidate
< CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
|| candidate
> CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
)
4065 if ((candidate
& UINT32_C(0xFFFF)) != 0)
4068 xsprintf(lock_path
, "/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/" UID_FMT
, candidate
);
4069 r
= make_lock_file(lock_path
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &lf
);
4070 if (r
== -EBUSY
) /* Range already taken by another nspawn instance */
4075 /* Make some superficial checks whether the range is currently known in the user database */
4076 if (getpwuid(candidate
))
4078 if (getpwuid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
4080 if (getgrgid(candidate
))
4082 if (getgrgid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
4085 *ret_lock_file
= lf
;
4086 lf
= (struct LockFile
) LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4091 if (arg_machine
&& !tried_hashed
) {
4092 /* Try to hash the base from the container name */
4094 static const uint8_t hash_key
[] = {
4095 0xe1, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x41, 0xaf,
4096 0x96, 0x41, 0xcf, 0x41, 0x33, 0x94, 0xff, 0x72
4099 candidate
= (uid_t
) siphash24(arg_machine
, strlen(arg_machine
), hash_key
);
4101 tried_hashed
= true;
4103 random_bytes(&candidate
, sizeof(candidate
));
4105 candidate
= (candidate
% (CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
- CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
)) + CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
;
4106 candidate
&= (uid_t
) UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000);
4110 static int add_one_uid_map(
4112 uid_t container_uid
,
4116 return strextendf(p
,
4117 UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
"\n",
4118 container_uid
, host_uid
, range
);
4121 static int make_uid_map_string(
4122 const uid_t bind_user_uid
[],
4123 size_t n_bind_user_uid
,
4127 _cleanup_free_
char *s
= NULL
;
4128 uid_t previous_uid
= 0;
4131 assert(n_bind_user_uid
== 0 || bind_user_uid
);
4132 assert(IN_SET(offset
, 0, 2)); /* used to switch between UID and GID map */
4135 /* The bind_user_uid[] array is a series of 4 uid_t values, for each --bind-user= entry one
4136 * quadruplet, consisting of host and container UID + GID. */
4138 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_bind_user_uid
; i
++) {
4139 uid_t payload_uid
= bind_user_uid
[i
*4+offset
],
4140 host_uid
= bind_user_uid
[i
*4+offset
+1];
4142 assert(previous_uid
<= payload_uid
);
4143 assert(payload_uid
< arg_uid_range
);
4145 /* Add a range to close the gap to previous entry */
4146 if (payload_uid
> previous_uid
) {
4147 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, previous_uid
, arg_uid_shift
+ previous_uid
, payload_uid
- previous_uid
);
4152 /* Map this specific user */
4153 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, payload_uid
, host_uid
, 1);
4157 previous_uid
= payload_uid
+ 1;
4160 /* And add a range to close the gap to finish the range */
4161 if (arg_uid_range
> previous_uid
) {
4162 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, previous_uid
, arg_uid_shift
+ previous_uid
, arg_uid_range
- previous_uid
);
4173 static int setup_uid_map(
4175 const uid_t bind_user_uid
[],
4176 size_t n_bind_user_uid
) {
4178 char uid_map
[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
4179 _cleanup_free_
char *s
= NULL
;
4184 /* Build the UID map string */
4185 if (make_uid_map_string(bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
, 0, &s
) < 0) /* offset=0 contains the UID pair */
4188 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/uid_map", pid
);
4189 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, s
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
4191 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
4193 /* And now build the GID map string */
4195 if (make_uid_map_string(bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
, 2, &s
) < 0) /* offset=2 contains the GID pair */
4198 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/gid_map", pid
);
4199 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, s
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
4201 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
4206 static int nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source
*source
, int fd
, uint32_t revents
, void *userdata
) {
4207 char buf
[NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX
+1];
4209 struct iovec iovec
= {
4211 .iov_len
= sizeof(buf
)-1,
4213 CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred
)) +
4214 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NOTIFY_FD_MAX
)) control
;
4215 struct msghdr msghdr
= {
4218 .msg_control
= &control
,
4219 .msg_controllen
= sizeof(control
),
4221 struct ucred
*ucred
;
4223 pid_t inner_child_pid
;
4224 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **tags
= NULL
;
4229 inner_child_pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
4231 if (revents
!= EPOLLIN
) {
4232 log_warning("Got unexpected poll event for notify fd.");
4236 n
= recvmsg_safe(fd
, &msghdr
, MSG_DONTWAIT
|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
);
4238 if (ERRNO_IS_TRANSIENT(n
))
4241 log_warning("Got message with truncated control data (too many fds sent?), ignoring.");
4244 return log_warning_errno(n
, "Couldn't read notification socket: %m");
4247 cmsg_close_all(&msghdr
);
4249 ucred
= CMSG_FIND_DATA(&msghdr
, SOL_SOCKET
, SCM_CREDENTIALS
, struct ucred
);
4250 if (!ucred
|| ucred
->pid
!= inner_child_pid
) {
4251 log_debug("Received notify message without valid credentials. Ignoring.");
4255 if ((size_t) n
>= sizeof(buf
)) {
4256 log_warning("Received notify message exceeded maximum size. Ignoring.");
4261 tags
= strv_split(buf
, "\n\r");
4265 if (strv_contains(tags
, "READY=1")) {
4266 r
= sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
4268 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to send readiness notification, ignoring: %m");
4271 p
= strv_find_startswith(tags
, "STATUS=");
4273 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "STATUS=Container running: %s", p
);
4278 static int setup_notify_parent(sd_event
*event
, int fd
, pid_t
*inner_child_pid
, sd_event_source
**notify_event_source
) {
4281 r
= sd_event_add_io(event
, notify_event_source
, fd
, EPOLLIN
, nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd
, inner_child_pid
);
4283 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to allocate notify event source: %m");
4285 (void) sd_event_source_set_description(*notify_event_source
, "nspawn-notify");
4290 static int merge_settings(Settings
*settings
, const char *path
) {
4296 /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been explicitly masked by command line switches. Note
4297 * that this steals the fields of the Settings* structure, and hence modifies it. */
4299 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_START_MODE
) == 0 &&
4300 settings
->start_mode
>= 0) {
4301 arg_start_mode
= settings
->start_mode
;
4302 strv_free_and_replace(arg_parameters
, settings
->parameters
);
4305 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EPHEMERAL
) == 0 &&
4306 settings
->ephemeral
>= 0)
4307 arg_ephemeral
= settings
->ephemeral
;
4309 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4312 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4313 log_warning("Ignoring root directory setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4315 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, settings
->root
);
4318 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
) == 0 &&
4319 settings
->pivot_root_new
) {
4320 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_new
, settings
->pivot_root_new
);
4321 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_old
, settings
->pivot_root_old
);
4324 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4325 settings
->working_directory
)
4326 free_and_replace(arg_chdir
, settings
->working_directory
);
4328 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
) == 0 &&
4329 settings
->environment
)
4330 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, settings
->environment
);
4332 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USER
) == 0) {
4335 free_and_replace(arg_user
, settings
->user
);
4337 if (uid_is_valid(settings
->uid
))
4338 arg_uid
= settings
->uid
;
4339 if (gid_is_valid(settings
->gid
))
4340 arg_gid
= settings
->gid
;
4341 if (settings
->n_supplementary_gids
> 0) {
4342 free_and_replace(arg_supplementary_gids
, settings
->supplementary_gids
);
4343 arg_n_supplementary_gids
= settings
->n_supplementary_gids
;
4347 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CAPABILITY
) == 0) {
4348 uint64_t plus
, minus
;
4349 uint64_t network_minus
= 0;
4352 /* Note that we copy both the simple plus/minus caps here, and the full quintet from the
4353 * Settings structure */
4355 plus
= settings
->capability
;
4356 minus
= settings
->drop_capability
;
4358 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
4359 settings_network_configured(settings
)) {
4360 if (settings_private_network(settings
))
4361 plus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4363 network_minus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4366 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& plus
!= 0) {
4367 if (settings
->capability
!= 0)
4368 log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4370 arg_caps_retain
&= ~network_minus
;
4371 arg_caps_retain
|= plus
;
4374 arg_caps_retain
&= ~minus
;
4376 /* Copy the full capabilities over too */
4377 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&settings
->full_capabilities
)) {
4378 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4379 log_warning("Ignoring capability settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4381 arg_full_capabilities
= settings
->full_capabilities
;
4384 ambient
= settings
->ambient_capability
;
4385 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& ambient
!= 0)
4386 log_warning("Ignoring AmbientCapability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4388 arg_caps_ambient
|= ambient
;
4391 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
) == 0 &&
4392 settings
->kill_signal
> 0)
4393 arg_kill_signal
= settings
->kill_signal
;
4395 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PERSONALITY
) == 0 &&
4396 settings
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
4397 arg_personality
= settings
->personality
;
4399 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_MACHINE_ID
) == 0 &&
4400 !sd_id128_is_null(settings
->machine_id
)) {
4402 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4403 log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4405 arg_uuid
= settings
->machine_id
;
4408 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_READ_ONLY
) == 0 &&
4409 settings
->read_only
>= 0)
4410 arg_read_only
= settings
->read_only
;
4412 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4413 settings
->volatile_mode
!= _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID
)
4414 arg_volatile_mode
= settings
->volatile_mode
;
4416 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
) == 0 &&
4417 settings
->n_custom_mounts
> 0) {
4419 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4420 log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4422 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4423 arg_custom_mounts
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->custom_mounts
);
4424 arg_n_custom_mounts
= settings
->n_custom_mounts
;
4425 settings
->n_custom_mounts
= 0;
4429 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
4430 settings_network_configured(settings
)) {
4432 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4433 log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4435 arg_network_veth
= settings_network_veth(settings
);
4436 arg_private_network
= settings_private_network(settings
);
4438 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_interfaces
, settings
->network_interfaces
);
4439 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_macvlan
, settings
->network_macvlan
);
4440 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_ipvlan
, settings
->network_ipvlan
);
4441 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_veth_extra
, settings
->network_veth_extra
);
4443 free_and_replace(arg_network_bridge
, settings
->network_bridge
);
4444 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, settings
->network_zone
);
4446 free_and_replace(arg_network_namespace_path
, settings
->network_namespace_path
);
4450 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
) == 0 &&
4451 settings
->expose_ports
) {
4453 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4454 log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4456 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
4457 arg_expose_ports
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->expose_ports
);
4461 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USERNS
) == 0 &&
4462 settings
->userns_mode
!= _USER_NAMESPACE_MODE_INVALID
) {
4464 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4465 log_warning("Ignoring PrivateUsers= and PrivateUsersChown= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4467 arg_userns_mode
= settings
->userns_mode
;
4468 arg_uid_shift
= settings
->uid_shift
;
4469 arg_uid_range
= settings
->uid_range
;
4470 arg_userns_ownership
= settings
->userns_ownership
;
4474 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_BIND_USER
) == 0 &&
4475 !strv_isempty(settings
->bind_user
))
4476 strv_free_and_replace(arg_bind_user
, settings
->bind_user
);
4478 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
) == 0 &&
4479 settings
->notify_ready
>= 0)
4480 arg_notify_ready
= settings
->notify_ready
;
4482 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
) == 0) {
4484 if (!strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_allow_list
) || !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_deny_list
)) {
4485 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_allow_list
))
4486 log_warning("Ignoring SystemCallFilter= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4488 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_allow_list
, settings
->syscall_allow_list
);
4489 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_deny_list
, settings
->syscall_deny_list
);
4494 if (settings
->seccomp
) {
4495 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4496 log_warning("Ignoring SECCOMP filter, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4498 seccomp_release(arg_seccomp
);
4499 arg_seccomp
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->seccomp
);
4505 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
4506 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)))
4509 if (!settings
->rlimit
[rl
])
4512 if (!arg_settings_trusted
) {
4513 log_warning("Ignoring Limit%s= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), path
);
4517 free_and_replace(arg_rlimit
[rl
], settings
->rlimit
[rl
]);
4520 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_HOSTNAME
) == 0 &&
4522 free_and_replace(arg_hostname
, settings
->hostname
);
4524 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
) == 0 &&
4525 settings
->no_new_privileges
>= 0)
4526 arg_no_new_privileges
= settings
->no_new_privileges
;
4528 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
) == 0 &&
4529 settings
->oom_score_adjust_set
) {
4531 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4532 log_warning("Ignoring OOMScoreAdjust= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4534 arg_oom_score_adjust
= settings
->oom_score_adjust
;
4535 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
4539 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
) == 0 &&
4540 settings
->cpu_set
.set
) {
4542 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4543 log_warning("Ignoring CPUAffinity= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4545 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
4546 arg_cpu_set
= settings
->cpu_set
;
4547 settings
->cpu_set
= (CPUSet
) {};
4551 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
) == 0 &&
4552 settings
->resolv_conf
!= _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_INVALID
)
4553 arg_resolv_conf
= settings
->resolv_conf
;
4555 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
) == 0 &&
4556 settings
->link_journal
!= _LINK_JOURNAL_INVALID
) {
4558 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4559 log_warning("Ignoring journal link setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4561 arg_link_journal
= settings
->link_journal
;
4562 arg_link_journal_try
= settings
->link_journal_try
;
4566 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_TIMEZONE
) == 0 &&
4567 settings
->timezone
!= _TIMEZONE_MODE_INVALID
)
4568 arg_timezone
= settings
->timezone
;
4570 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SLICE
) == 0 &&
4573 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4574 log_warning("Ignoring slice setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4576 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, settings
->slice
);
4579 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USE_CGNS
) == 0 &&
4580 settings
->use_cgns
>= 0) {
4582 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4583 log_warning("Ignoring cgroup namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4585 arg_use_cgns
= settings
->use_cgns
;
4588 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
) == 0 &&
4589 settings
->clone_ns_flags
!= ULONG_MAX
) {
4591 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4592 log_warning("Ignoring namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4594 arg_clone_ns_flags
= settings
->clone_ns_flags
;
4597 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4598 settings
->console_mode
>= 0) {
4600 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4601 log_warning("Ignoring console mode setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4603 arg_console_mode
= settings
->console_mode
;
4606 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SUPPRESS_SYNC
) == 0 &&
4607 settings
->suppress_sync
>= 0)
4608 arg_suppress_sync
= settings
->suppress_sync
;
4610 /* The following properties can only be set through the OCI settings logic, not from the command line, hence we
4611 * don't consult arg_settings_mask for them. */
4613 sd_bus_message_unref(arg_property_message
);
4614 arg_property_message
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->properties
);
4616 arg_console_width
= settings
->console_width
;
4617 arg_console_height
= settings
->console_height
;
4619 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
4620 arg_extra_nodes
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->extra_nodes
);
4621 arg_n_extra_nodes
= settings
->n_extra_nodes
;
4626 static int load_settings(void) {
4627 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4628 _cleanup_fclose_
FILE *f
= NULL
;
4629 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
4635 /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
4636 * the settings file */
4637 if (FLAGS_SET(arg_settings_mask
, _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
))
4640 /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
4641 FOREACH_STRING(i
, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
4642 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
4644 j
= path_join(i
, arg_settings_filename
);
4652 /* By default, we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
4653 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4654 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4659 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
4660 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", j
);
4664 /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
4665 * actual image we shall boot. */
4668 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_image
, arg_settings_filename
);
4671 } else if (arg_directory
&& !path_equal(arg_directory
, "/")) {
4672 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_directory
, arg_settings_filename
);
4679 if (!f
&& errno
!= ENOENT
)
4680 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", p
);
4682 /* By default, we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
4683 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4684 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
4691 log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted
));
4693 r
= settings_load(f
, p
, &settings
);
4697 return merge_settings(settings
, p
);
4700 static int load_oci_bundle(void) {
4701 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4704 if (!arg_oci_bundle
)
4707 /* By default let's trust OCI bundles */
4708 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4709 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4711 r
= oci_load(NULL
, arg_oci_bundle
, &settings
);
4715 return merge_settings(settings
, arg_oci_bundle
);
4718 static int run_container(
4719 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
4722 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
], bool *veth_created
,
4723 struct ExposeArgs
*expose_args
,
4724 int *master
, pid_t
*pid
, int *ret
) {
4726 static const struct sigaction sa
= {
4727 .sa_handler
= nop_signal_handler
,
4728 .sa_flags
= SA_NOCLDSTOP
|SA_RESTART
,
4731 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile uid_shift_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4732 _cleanup_close_
int etc_passwd_lock
= -1;
4733 _cleanup_close_pair_
int
4734 kmsg_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4735 rtnl_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4736 pid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4737 uuid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4738 notify_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4739 uid_shift_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4740 master_pty_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4741 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1};
4743 _cleanup_close_
int notify_socket
= -1;
4744 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
4745 _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp
) sd_event_source
*notify_event_source
= NULL
;
4746 _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp
) sd_event
*event
= NULL
;
4747 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep
) PTYForward
*forward
= NULL
;
4748 _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp
) sd_netlink
*rtnl
= NULL
;
4749 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
4750 _cleanup_free_ uid_t
*bind_user_uid
= NULL
;
4751 size_t n_bind_user_uid
= 0;
4752 ContainerStatus container_status
= 0;
4756 _cleanup_close_
int child_netns_fd
= -1;
4758 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld
) == 0);
4759 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld
, SIGCHLD
) == 0);
4761 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4762 /* When we shall pick the UID/GID range, let's first lock /etc/passwd, so that we can safely
4763 * check with getpwuid() if the specific user already exists. Note that /etc might be
4764 * read-only, in which case this will fail with EROFS. But that's really OK, as in that case we
4765 * can be reasonably sure that no users are going to be added. Note that getpwuid() checks are
4766 * really just an extra safety net. We kinda assume that the UID range we allocate from is
4769 etc_passwd_lock
= take_etc_passwd_lock(NULL
);
4770 if (etc_passwd_lock
< 0 && etc_passwd_lock
!= -EROFS
)
4771 return log_error_errno(etc_passwd_lock
, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
4774 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
4776 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
4778 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, kmsg_socket_pair
) < 0)
4779 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
4781 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, rtnl_socket_pair
) < 0)
4782 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create rtnl socket pair: %m");
4784 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, pid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4785 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create pid socket pair: %m");
4787 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uuid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4788 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create id socket pair: %m");
4790 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, notify_socket_pair
) < 0)
4791 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create notify socket pair: %m");
4793 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, master_pty_socket_pair
) < 0)
4794 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create console socket pair: %m");
4796 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
4797 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uid_shift_socket_pair
) < 0)
4798 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create uid shift socket pair: %m");
4800 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
)
4801 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
) < 0)
4802 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create unified cgroup socket pair: %m");
4804 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD in order to interrupt
4805 * parent's blocking calls and give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
4806 r
= sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
);
4808 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
4810 r
= sigaction(SIGCHLD
, &sa
, NULL
);
4812 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
4814 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4815 child_netns_fd
= open(arg_network_namespace_path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4816 if (child_netns_fd
< 0)
4817 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Cannot open file %s: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4819 r
= fd_is_ns(child_netns_fd
, CLONE_NEWNET
);
4821 log_debug_errno(r
, "Cannot determine if passed network namespace path '%s' really refers to a network namespace, assuming it does.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4823 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to check %s fs type: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4825 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
4826 "Path %s doesn't refer to a network namespace, refusing.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4829 *pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
);
4831 return log_error_errno(errno
, "clone() failed%s: %m",
4833 ", do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in)" : "");
4836 /* The outer child only has a file system namespace. */
4837 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
4839 kmsg_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[0]);
4840 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
4841 pid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[0]);
4842 uuid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[0]);
4843 notify_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[0]);
4844 master_pty_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(master_pty_socket_pair
[0]);
4845 uid_shift_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0]);
4846 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0]);
4848 (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
4849 (void) reset_signal_mask();
4851 r
= outer_child(&barrier
,
4856 uuid_socket_pair
[1],
4857 notify_socket_pair
[1],
4858 kmsg_socket_pair
[1],
4859 rtnl_socket_pair
[1],
4860 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1],
4861 master_pty_socket_pair
[1],
4862 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1],
4866 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4868 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4871 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
4875 kmsg_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[1]);
4876 rtnl_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[1]);
4877 pid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[1]);
4878 uuid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[1]);
4879 notify_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[1]);
4880 master_pty_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(master_pty_socket_pair
[1]);
4881 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[1]);
4882 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1]);
4884 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4885 /* The child just let us know the UID shift it might have read from the image. */
4886 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, 0);
4888 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read UID shift: %m");
4889 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4890 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading UID shift.");
4892 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4893 /* If we are supposed to pick the UID shift, let's try to use the shift read from the
4894 * image, but if that's already in use, pick a new one, and report back to the child,
4895 * which one we now picked. */
4897 r
= uid_shift_pick(&arg_uid_shift
, &uid_shift_lock
);
4899 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pick suitable UID/GID range: %m");
4901 l
= send(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4903 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
4904 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4905 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short write while writing UID shift.");
4908 n_bind_user_uid
= strv_length(arg_bind_user
);
4909 if (n_bind_user_uid
> 0) {
4910 /* Right after the UID shift, we'll receive the list of UID mappings for the
4911 * --bind-user= logic. Always a quadruplet of payload and host UID + GID. */
4913 bind_user_uid
= new(uid_t
, n_bind_user_uid
*4);
4917 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_bind_user_uid
; i
++) {
4918 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], bind_user_uid
+ i
*4, sizeof(uid_t
)*4, 0);
4920 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read user UID map pair: %m");
4921 if (l
!= sizeof(uid_t
)*4)
4922 return log_full_errno(l
== 0 ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
4923 SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4924 "Short read while reading bind user UID pairs.");
4929 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
4930 /* The child let us know the support cgroup mode it might have read from the image. */
4931 l
= recv(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0], &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), 0);
4933 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read cgroup mode: %m");
4934 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
4935 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading cgroup mode (%zi bytes).%s",
4936 l
, l
== 0 ? " The child is most likely dead." : "");
4939 /* Wait for the outer child. */
4940 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-namespace)", *pid
, WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL
);
4943 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
4946 /* And now retrieve the PID of the inner child. */
4947 l
= recv(pid_socket_pair
[0], pid
, sizeof *pid
, 0);
4949 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read inner child PID: %m");
4950 if (l
!= sizeof *pid
)
4951 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading inner child PID.");
4953 /* We also retrieve container UUID in case it was generated by outer child */
4954 l
= recv(uuid_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uuid
, sizeof arg_uuid
, 0);
4956 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read container machine ID: %m");
4957 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4958 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading container machined ID.");
4960 /* We also retrieve the socket used for notifications generated by outer child */
4961 notify_socket
= receive_one_fd(notify_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4962 if (notify_socket
< 0)
4963 return log_error_errno(notify_socket
,
4964 "Failed to receive notification socket from the outer child: %m");
4966 log_debug("Init process invoked as PID "PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4968 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4969 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #1 */
4970 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4972 r
= setup_uid_map(*pid
, bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
);
4976 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #2 */
4979 if (arg_private_network
) {
4980 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4981 /* Wait until the child has unshared its network namespace. */
4982 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #3 */
4983 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early");
4986 if (child_netns_fd
< 0) {
4987 /* Make sure we have an open file descriptor to the child's network
4988 * namespace so it stays alive even if the child exits. */
4989 r
= namespace_open(*pid
, NULL
, NULL
, &child_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
4991 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open child network namespace: %m");
4994 r
= move_network_interfaces(child_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
4998 if (arg_network_veth
) {
4999 r
= setup_veth(arg_machine
, *pid
, veth_name
,
5000 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
);
5006 if (arg_network_bridge
) {
5007 /* Add the interface to a bridge */
5008 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_bridge
, false);
5013 } else if (arg_network_zone
) {
5014 /* Add the interface to a bridge, possibly creating it */
5015 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_zone
, true);
5023 r
= setup_veth_extra(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5027 /* We created the primary and extra veth links now; let's remember this, so that we know to
5028 remove them later on. Note that we don't bother with removing veth links that were created
5029 here when their setup failed half-way, because in that case the kernel should be able to
5030 remove them on its own, since they cannot be referenced by anything yet. */
5031 *veth_created
= true;
5033 r
= setup_macvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_macvlan
);
5037 r
= setup_ipvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_ipvlan
);
5042 if (arg_register
|| !arg_keep_unit
) {
5043 r
= sd_bus_default_system(&bus
);
5045 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
5047 r
= sd_bus_set_close_on_exit(bus
, false);
5049 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to disable close-on-exit behaviour: %m");
5052 if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
5053 /* When a new scope is created for this container, then we'll be registered as its controller, in which
5054 * case PID 1 will send us a friendly RequestStop signal, when it is asked to terminate the
5055 * scope. Let's hook into that, and cleanly shut down the container, and print a friendly message. */
5057 r
= sd_bus_match_signal_async(
5060 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
5062 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
5064 on_request_stop
, NULL
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5066 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to request RequestStop match: %m");
5070 r
= register_machine(
5078 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
5081 arg_property_message
,
5083 arg_container_service_name
);
5087 } else if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
5093 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
5096 arg_property_message
);
5100 } else if (arg_slice
|| arg_property
)
5101 log_notice("Machine and scope registration turned off, --slice= and --property= settings will have no effect.");
5103 r
= create_subcgroup(*pid
, arg_keep_unit
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
5107 r
= sync_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
5111 r
= chown_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
5115 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
5116 * its setup (including cgroup-ification), and that
5117 * the child can now hand over control to the code to
5118 * run inside the container. */
5119 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #4 */
5121 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
5122 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
5123 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
) >= 0);
5125 /* Reset signal to default */
5126 r
= default_signals(SIGCHLD
);
5128 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to reset SIGCHLD: %m");
5130 r
= sd_event_new(&event
);
5132 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
5134 (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(event
, true);
5137 r
= sd_bus_attach_event(bus
, event
, 0);
5139 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
5142 r
= setup_notify_parent(event
, notify_socket
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
), ¬ify_event_source
);
5146 /* Let the child know that we are ready and wait that the child is completely ready now. */
5147 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #5 */
5148 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
5150 /* At this point we have made use of the UID we picked, and thus nss-systemd/systemd-machined.service
5151 * will make them appear in getpwuid(), thus we can release the /etc/passwd lock. */
5152 etc_passwd_lock
= safe_close(etc_passwd_lock
);
5154 (void) sd_notifyf(false,
5155 "STATUS=Container running.\n"
5156 "X_NSPAWN_LEADER_PID=" PID_FMT
, *pid
);
5157 if (!arg_notify_ready
) {
5158 r
= sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
5160 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to send readiness notification, ignoring: %m");
5163 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
5164 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
5165 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5166 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5168 /* Immediately exit */
5169 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, NULL
, NULL
);
5170 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, NULL
, NULL
);
5173 /* Exit when the child exits */
5174 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, on_sigchld
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5176 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
5177 r
= expose_port_watch_rtnl(event
, rtnl_socket_pair
[0], on_address_change
, expose_args
, &rtnl
);
5181 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
->address4
);
5182 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
->address6
);
5185 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
5187 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
5188 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
5189 PTYForwardFlags flags
= 0;
5191 /* Retrieve the master pty allocated by inner child */
5192 fd
= receive_one_fd(master_pty_socket_pair
[0], 0);
5194 return log_error_errno(fd
, "Failed to receive master pty from the inner child: %m");
5196 switch (arg_console_mode
) {
5198 case CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
:
5199 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_READ_ONLY
;
5203 case CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
:
5204 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_VHANGUP
;
5206 r
= pty_forward_new(event
, fd
, flags
, &forward
);
5208 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
5210 if (arg_console_width
!= UINT_MAX
|| arg_console_height
!= UINT_MAX
)
5211 (void) pty_forward_set_width_height(forward
,
5213 arg_console_height
);
5217 assert(arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PASSIVE
);
5220 *master
= TAKE_FD(fd
);
5223 r
= sd_event_loop(event
);
5225 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
5230 (void) pty_forward_get_last_char(forward
, &last_char
);
5231 forward
= pty_forward_free(forward
);
5233 if (!arg_quiet
&& last_char
!= '\n')
5237 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
5238 if (!arg_register
&& !arg_keep_unit
&& bus
)
5239 terminate_scope(bus
, arg_machine
);
5241 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
5242 (void) kill(*pid
, SIGKILL
);
5244 if (arg_private_network
) {
5245 /* Move network interfaces back to the parent network namespace. We use `safe_fork`
5246 * to avoid having to move the parent to the child network namespace. */
5247 r
= safe_fork(NULL
, FORK_RESET_SIGNALS
|FORK_DEATHSIG
|FORK_WAIT
|FORK_LOG
, NULL
);
5252 _cleanup_close_
int parent_netns_fd
= -1;
5254 r
= namespace_open(getpid(), NULL
, NULL
, &parent_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
5256 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open parent network namespace: %m");
5257 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
5260 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, child_netns_fd
, -1, -1);
5262 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to enter child network namespace: %m");
5263 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
5266 r
= move_network_interfaces(parent_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
5268 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move network interfaces back to parent network namespace: %m");
5270 _exit(r
< 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE
: EXIT_SUCCESS
);
5274 r
= wait_for_container(TAKE_PID(*pid
), &container_status
);
5276 /* Tell machined that we are gone. */
5278 (void) unregister_machine(bus
, arg_machine
);
5281 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the container exited abnormally. */
5283 if (r
> 0 || container_status
== CONTAINER_TERMINATED
) {
5284 /* r > 0 → The container exited with a non-zero status.
5285 * As a special case, we need to replace 133 with a different value,
5286 * because 133 is special-cased in the service file to reboot the container.
5287 * otherwise → The container exited with zero status and a reboot was not requested.
5289 if (r
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
)
5290 r
= EXIT_FAILURE
; /* replace 133 with the general failure code */
5292 return 0; /* finito */
5295 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
5297 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
5298 /* Special handling if we are running as a service: instead of simply
5299 * restarting the machine we want to restart the entire service, so let's
5300 * inform systemd about this with the special exit code 133. The service
5301 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so that this results in a full
5302 * nspawn restart. This is necessary since we might have cgroup parameters
5303 * set we want to have flushed out. */
5304 *ret
= EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
;
5305 return 0; /* finito */
5308 expose_port_flush(&expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
->address4
);
5309 expose_port_flush(&expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
->address6
);
5311 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5312 *veth_created
= false;
5313 return 1; /* loop again */
5316 static int initialize_rlimits(void) {
5317 /* The default resource limits the kernel passes to PID 1, as per kernel 5.16. Let's pass our container payload
5318 * the same values as the kernel originally passed to PID 1, in order to minimize differences between host and
5319 * container execution environments. */
5321 static const struct rlimit kernel_defaults
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {
5322 [RLIMIT_AS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5323 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = { 0, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5324 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5325 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5326 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5327 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5328 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = { DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
, DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
},
5329 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = { 819200, 819200 },
5330 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = { 0, 0 },
5331 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = { 1024, 4096 },
5332 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5333 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = { 0, 0 },
5334 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5335 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = { 8388608, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5337 /* The kernel scales the default for RLIMIT_NPROC and RLIMIT_SIGPENDING based on the system's amount of
5338 * RAM. To provide best compatibility we'll read these limits off PID 1 instead of hardcoding them
5339 * here. This is safe as we know that PID 1 doesn't change these two limits and thus the original
5340 * kernel's initialization should still be valid during runtime — at least if PID 1 is systemd. Note
5341 * that PID 1 changes a number of other resource limits during early initialization which is why we
5342 * don't read the other limits from PID 1 but prefer the static table above. */
5347 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
5348 /* Let's only fill in what the user hasn't explicitly configured anyway */
5349 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)) == 0) {
5350 const struct rlimit
*v
;
5351 struct rlimit buffer
;
5353 if (IN_SET(rl
, RLIMIT_NPROC
, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
)) {
5354 /* For these two let's read the limits off PID 1. See above for an explanation. */
5356 if (prlimit(1, rl
, NULL
, &buffer
) < 0)
5357 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read resource limit RLIMIT_%s of PID 1: %m", rlimit_to_string(rl
));
5360 } else if (rl
== RLIMIT_NOFILE
) {
5361 /* We nowadays bump RLIMIT_NOFILE's hard limit early in PID 1 for all
5362 * userspace. Given that nspawn containers are often run without our PID 1,
5363 * let's grant the containers a raised RLIMIT_NOFILE hard limit by default,
5364 * so that container userspace gets similar resources as host userspace
5366 buffer
= kernel_defaults
[rl
];
5367 buffer
.rlim_max
= MIN((rlim_t
) read_nr_open(), (rlim_t
) HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE
);
5370 v
= kernel_defaults
+ rl
;
5372 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = newdup(struct rlimit
, v
, 1);
5373 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
5377 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
5378 _cleanup_free_
char *k
= NULL
;
5380 (void) rlimit_format(arg_rlimit
[rl
], &k
);
5381 log_debug("Setting RLIMIT_%s to %s.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), k
);
5388 static int cant_be_in_netns(void) {
5389 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
5393 /* Check if we are in the same netns as udev. If we aren't, then device monitoring (and thus waiting
5394 * for loopback block devices) won't work, and we will hang. Detect this case and exit early with a
5397 if (!arg_image
) /* only matters if --image= us used, i.e. we actually need to use loopback devices */
5400 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0);
5402 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate udev control socket: %m");
5404 r
= connect_unix_path(fd
, AT_FDCWD
, "/run/udev/control");
5406 if (r
== -ENOENT
|| ERRNO_IS_DISCONNECT(r
))
5407 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5408 "Sorry, but --image= requires access to the host's /run/ hierarchy, since we need access to udev.");
5410 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to connect socket to udev control socket: %m");
5413 r
= getpeercred(fd
, &ucred
);
5415 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine peer of udev control socket: %m");
5417 r
= in_same_namespace(ucred
.pid
, 0, NAMESPACE_NET
);
5419 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine network namespace of udev: %m");
5421 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5422 "Sorry, but --image= is only supported in the main network namespace, since we need access to udev/AF_NETLINK.");
5426 static int run(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
5427 bool secondary
= false, remove_directory
= false, remove_image
= false,
5428 veth_created
= false, remove_tmprootdir
= false;
5429 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
5430 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet
*fds
= NULL
;
5431 int r
, n_fd_passed
, ret
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
5432 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
] = "";
5433 struct ExposeArgs expose_args
= {};
5434 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile tree_global_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
, tree_local_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
5435 char tmprootdir
[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
5436 _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp
) LoopDevice
*loop
= NULL
;
5437 _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp
) DissectedImage
*dissected_image
= NULL
;
5438 _cleanup_(fw_ctx_freep
) FirewallContext
*fw_ctx
= NULL
;
5441 log_parse_environment();
5444 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
5448 if (geteuid() != 0) {
5449 r
= log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
),
5450 argc
>= 2 ? "Need to be root." :
5451 "Need to be root (and some arguments are usually required).\nHint: try --help");
5455 r
= cant_be_in_netns();
5459 r
= initialize_rlimits();
5463 r
= load_oci_bundle();
5467 r
= determine_names();
5471 r
= load_settings();
5477 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether the unified cgroups hierarchy is used: %m");
5481 r
= verify_arguments();
5485 /* Reapply environment settings. */
5486 (void) detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
5488 /* Ignore SIGPIPE here, because we use splice() on the ptyfwd stuff and that will generate SIGPIPE if
5489 * the result is closed. Note that the container payload child will reset signal mask+handler anyway,
5490 * so just turning this off here means we only turn it off in nspawn itself, not any children. */
5491 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
);
5493 n_fd_passed
= sd_listen_fds(false);
5494 if (n_fd_passed
> 0) {
5495 r
= fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds
, false);
5497 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
5502 /* The "default" umask. This is appropriate for most file and directory
5503 * operations performed by nspawn, and is the umask that will be used for
5504 * the child. Functions like copy_devnodes() change the umask temporarily. */
5507 if (arg_directory
) {
5510 /* Safety precaution: let's not allow running images from the live host OS image, as long as
5511 * /var from the host will propagate into container dynamically (because bad things happen if
5512 * two systems write to the same /var). Let's allow it for the special cases where /var is
5513 * either copied (i.e. --ephemeral) or replaced (i.e. --volatile=yes|state). */
5514 if (path_equal(arg_directory
, "/") && !(arg_ephemeral
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_STATE
))) {
5515 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral, --volatile=yes or --volatile=state.");
5520 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5521 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5523 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, 0);
5527 /* If the specified path is a mount point we generate the new snapshot immediately
5528 * inside it under a random name. However if the specified is not a mount point we
5529 * create the new snapshot in the parent directory, just next to it. */
5530 r
= path_is_mount_point(arg_directory
, NULL
, 0);
5532 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory
);
5536 r
= tempfn_random_child(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5538 r
= tempfn_random(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5540 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for directory snapshot: %m");
5544 /* We take an exclusive lock on this image, since it's our private, ephemeral copy
5545 * only owned by us and no one else. */
5546 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5548 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", np
);
5553 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5554 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory
, np
,
5555 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5556 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5557 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5558 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5559 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5560 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5563 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", np
);
5567 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np
, arg_directory
);
5571 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, np
);
5572 remove_directory
= true;
5574 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, arg_template
? CHASE_NONEXISTENT
: 0);
5578 r
= image_path_lock(arg_directory
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5580 log_error_errno(r
, "Directory tree %s is currently busy.", arg_directory
);
5584 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", arg_directory
);
5589 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_template
, 0);
5594 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5595 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template
, arg_directory
,
5596 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5597 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5598 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5599 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE
|
5600 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5601 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5602 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5605 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5606 "Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5607 else if (r
== -EINTR
) {
5608 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", arg_directory
);
5611 log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't create snapshot %s from %s: %m", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5614 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5615 "Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5619 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
5620 _cleanup_free_
char *b
= NULL
;
5623 if (arg_pivot_root_new
) {
5624 b
= path_join(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
5632 if (path_is_os_tree(p
) <= 0) {
5633 r
= log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
5634 "Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", p
);
5638 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
5640 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
5641 p
= path_join(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
, "/usr/");
5643 p
= path_join(arg_directory
, "/usr/");
5647 if (laccess(p
, F_OK
) < 0) {
5648 r
= log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
5649 "Directory %s doesn't look like it has an OS tree (/usr/ directory is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory
);
5655 DissectImageFlags dissect_image_flags
=
5656 DISSECT_IMAGE_GENERIC_ROOT
|
5657 DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT
|
5658 DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK
|
5659 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
;
5661 assert(!arg_template
);
5663 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_image
, 0);
5667 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5668 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5670 r
= tempfn_random(arg_image
, "machine.", &np
);
5672 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for image snapshot: %m");
5676 /* Always take an exclusive lock on our own ephemeral copy. */
5677 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5679 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5684 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5685 r
= copy_file(arg_image
, np
, O_EXCL
, arg_read_only
? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL
, FS_NOCOW_FL
, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_CRTIME
|COPY_SIGINT
);
5688 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying image file to %s, removed again.", np
);
5692 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
5696 free_and_replace(arg_image
, np
);
5697 remove_image
= true;
5699 r
= image_path_lock(arg_image
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5701 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Disk image %s is currently busy.", arg_image
);
5705 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5709 r
= verity_settings_load(
5710 &arg_verity_settings
,
5711 arg_image
, NULL
, NULL
);
5713 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read verity artefacts for %s: %m", arg_image
);
5717 if (arg_verity_settings
.data_path
)
5718 dissect_image_flags
|= DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
;
5721 if (!mkdtemp(tmprootdir
)) {
5722 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
5726 remove_tmprootdir
= true;
5728 arg_directory
= strdup(tmprootdir
);
5729 if (!arg_directory
) {
5734 r
= loop_device_make_by_path(
5736 arg_read_only
? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
,
5737 FLAGS_SET(dissect_image_flags
, DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
) ? 0 : LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
,
5741 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up loopback block device: %m");
5745 r
= dissect_loop_device_and_warn(
5747 &arg_verity_settings
,
5749 dissect_image_flags
,
5752 /* dissected_image_and_warn() already printed a brief error message. Extend on that with more details */
5753 log_notice("Note that the disk image needs to\n"
5754 " a) either contain only a single MBR partition of type 0x83 that is marked bootable\n"
5755 " b) or contain a single GPT partition of type 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4\n"
5756 " c) or follow https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS\n"
5757 " d) or contain a file system without a partition table\n"
5758 "in order to be bootable with systemd-nspawn.");
5764 r
= dissected_image_load_verity_sig_partition(
5767 &arg_verity_settings
);
5771 if (dissected_image
->has_verity
&& !arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
&& !dissected_image
->has_verity_sig
)
5772 log_notice("Note: image %s contains verity information, but no root hash specified and no embedded "
5773 "root hash signature found! Proceeding without integrity checking.", arg_image
);
5775 r
= dissected_image_decrypt_interactively(
5778 &arg_verity_settings
,
5783 /* Now that we mounted the image, let's try to remove it again, if it is ephemeral */
5784 if (remove_image
&& unlink(arg_image
) >= 0)
5785 remove_image
= false;
5788 r
= custom_mount_prepare_all(arg_directory
, arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5792 if (arg_console_mode
< 0)
5794 isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 &&
5795 isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0 ? CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
: CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
5797 if (arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PIPE
) /* if we pass STDERR on to the container, don't add our own logs into it too */
5801 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
5802 arg_machine
, arg_image
?: arg_directory
);
5804 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, SIGWINCH
, SIGTERM
, SIGINT
, -1) >= 0);
5806 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
5807 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to become subreaper: %m");
5811 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
5812 r
= fw_ctx_new(&fw_ctx
);
5814 log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot expose configured ports, firewall initialization failed: %m");
5817 expose_args
.fw_ctx
= fw_ctx
;
5820 r
= run_container(dissected_image
,
5823 veth_name
, &veth_created
,
5824 &expose_args
, &master
,
5831 (void) sd_notify(false,
5832 r
== 0 && ret
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
? "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Restarting..." :
5833 "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Terminating...");
5836 (void) kill(pid
, SIGKILL
);
5838 /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
5840 (void) copy_bytes(master
, STDOUT_FILENO
, UINT64_MAX
, 0);
5841 master
= safe_close(master
);
5845 (void) wait_for_terminate(pid
, NULL
);
5849 if (remove_directory
&& arg_directory
) {
5852 k
= rm_rf(arg_directory
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME
);
5854 log_warning_errno(k
, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory
);
5857 if (remove_image
&& arg_image
) {
5858 if (unlink(arg_image
) < 0)
5859 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Can't remove image file '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_image
);
5862 if (remove_tmprootdir
) {
5863 if (rmdir(tmprootdir
) < 0)
5864 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Can't remove temporary root directory '%s', ignoring: %m", tmprootdir
);
5870 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
5871 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
5874 expose_port_flush(&fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
.address4
);
5875 expose_port_flush(&fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
.address6
);
5878 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5879 (void) remove_bridge(arg_network_zone
);
5881 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5882 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
5883 rlimit_free_all(arg_rlimit
);
5884 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
5885 credential_free_all(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
);
5893 DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run
);