sys-utils/lsns.c

   1 /*
   2  * lsns(8) - list system namespaces
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2015 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
   5  *
   6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   9  * (at your option) any later version.
  10  *
  11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
  12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18  * Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  19  */
  20 #include <stdio.h>
  21 #include <string.h>
  22 #include <getopt.h>
  23 #include <stdlib.h>
  24 #include <assert.h>
  25 #include <dirent.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <sys/stat.h>
  28 #include <sys/types.h>
  29 #include <wchar.h>
  30 #include <libsmartcols.h>
  31
  32 #include "pathnames.h"
  33 #include "nls.h"
  34 #include "xalloc.h"
  35 #include "c.h"
  36 #include "list.h"
  37 #include "closestream.h"
  38 #include "optutils.h"
  39 #include "procutils.h"
  40 #include "strutils.h"
  41 #include "namespace.h"
  42 #include "path.h"
  43 #include "idcache.h"
  44
  45 #include "debug.h"
  46
  47 static UL_DEBUG_DEFINE_MASK(lsns);
  48 UL_DEBUG_DEFINE_MASKNAMES(lsns) = UL_DEBUG_EMPTY_MASKNAMES;
  49
  50 #define LSNS_DEBUG_INIT         (1 << 1)
  51 #define LSNS_DEBUG_PROC         (1 << 2)
  52 #define LSNS_DEBUG_NS           (1 << 3)
  53 #define LSNS_DEBUG_ALL          0xFFFF
  54
  55 #define DBG(m, x)       __UL_DBG(lsns, LSNS_DEBUG_, m, x)
  56 #define ON_DBG(m, x)    __UL_DBG_CALL(lsns, LSNS_DEBUG_, m, x)
  57
  58 static struct idcache *uid_cache = NULL;
  59
  60 /* column IDs */
  61 enum {
  62         COL_NS = 0,
  63         COL_TYPE,
  64         COL_PATH,
  65         COL_NPROCS,
  66         COL_PID,
  67         COL_PPID,
  68         COL_COMMAND,
  69         COL_UID,
  70         COL_USER
  71 };
  72
  73 /* column names */
  74 struct colinfo {
  75         const char *name; /* header */
  76         double     whint; /* width hint (N < 1 is in percent of termwidth) */
  77         int        flags; /* SCOLS_FL_* */
  78         const char *help;
  79 };
  80
  81 /* columns descriptions */
  82 static const struct colinfo infos[] = {
  83         [COL_NS]      = { "NS",     10, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT, N_("namespace identifier (inode number)") },
  84         [COL_TYPE]    = { "TYPE",    5, 0, N_("kind of namespace") },
  85         [COL_PATH]    = { "PATH",    0, 0, N_("path to the namespace")},
  86         [COL_NPROCS]  = { "NPROCS",  5, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT, N_("number of processes in the namespace") },
  87         [COL_PID]     = { "PID",     5, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT, N_("lowest PID in the namespace") },
  88         [COL_PPID]    = { "PPID",    5, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT, N_("PPID of the PID") },
  89         [COL_COMMAND] = { "COMMAND", 0, SCOLS_FL_TRUNC, N_("command line of the PID")},
  90         [COL_UID]     = { "UID",     0, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT, N_("UID of the PID")},
  91         [COL_USER]    = { "USER",    0, 0, N_("username of the PID")}
  92 };
  93
  94 static int columns[ARRAY_SIZE(infos) * 2];
  95 static size_t ncolumns;
  96
  97 enum {
  98         LSNS_ID_MNT = 0,
  99         LSNS_ID_NET,
 100         LSNS_ID_PID,
 101         LSNS_ID_UTS,
 102         LSNS_ID_IPC,
 103         LSNS_ID_USER,
 104         LSNS_ID_CGROUP
 105 };
 106
 107 static char *ns_names[] = {
 108         [LSNS_ID_MNT] = "mnt",
 109         [LSNS_ID_NET] = "net",
 110         [LSNS_ID_PID] = "pid",
 111         [LSNS_ID_UTS] = "uts",
 112         [LSNS_ID_IPC] = "ipc",
 113         [LSNS_ID_USER] = "user",
 114         [LSNS_ID_CGROUP] = "cgroup"
 115 };
 116
 117 struct lsns_namespace {
 118         ino_t id;
 119         int type;                       /* LSNS_* */
 120         int nprocs;
 121
 122         struct lsns_process *proc;
 123
 124         struct list_head namespaces;    /* lsns->processes member */
 125         struct list_head processes;     /* head of lsns_process *siblings */
 126 };
 127
 128 struct lsns_process {
 129         pid_t pid;              /* process PID */
 130         pid_t ppid;             /* parent's PID */
 131         pid_t tpid;             /* thread group */
 132         char state;
 133         uid_t uid;
 134
 135         ino_t            ns_ids[ARRAY_SIZE(ns_names)];
 136         struct list_head ns_siblings[ARRAY_SIZE(ns_names)];
 137
 138         struct list_head processes;     /* list of processes */
 139
 140         struct libscols_line *outline;
 141         struct lsns_process *parent;
 142 };
 143
 144 struct lsns {
 145         struct list_head processes;
 146         struct list_head namespaces;
 147
 148         pid_t   fltr_pid;       /* filter out by PID */
 149         ino_t   fltr_ns;        /* filter out by namespace */
 150         int     fltr_types[ARRAY_SIZE(ns_names)];
 151         int     fltr_ntypes;
 152
 153         unsigned int raw        : 1,
 154                      json       : 1,
 155                      tree       : 1,
 156                      list       : 1,
 157                      notrunc    : 1,
 158                      no_headings: 1;
 159 };
 160
 161 static void lsns_init_debug(void)
 162 {
 163         __UL_INIT_DEBUG(lsns, LSNS_DEBUG_, 0, LSNS_DEBUG);
 164 }
 165
 166 static int ns_name2type(const char *name)
 167 {
 168         size_t i;
 169
 170         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ns_names); i++) {
 171                 if (strcmp(ns_names[i], name) == 0)
 172                         return i;
 173         }
 174         return -1;
 175 }
 176
 177 static int column_name_to_id(const char *name, size_t namesz)
 178 {
 179         size_t i;
 180
 181         assert(name);
 182
 183         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(infos); i++) {
 184                 const char *cn = infos[i].name;
 185
 186                 if (!strncasecmp(name, cn, namesz) && !*(cn + namesz))
 187                         return i;
 188         }
 189         warnx(_("unknown column: %s"), name);
 190         return -1;
 191 }
 192
 193 static inline int get_column_id(int num)
 194 {
 195         assert(num >= 0);
 196         assert((size_t) num < ncolumns);
 197         assert(columns[num] < (int) ARRAY_SIZE(infos));
 198
 199         return columns[num];
 200 }
 201
 202 static inline const struct colinfo *get_column_info(unsigned num)
 203 {
 204         return &infos[ get_column_id(num) ];
 205 }
 206
 207 static int get_ns_ino(int dir, const char *nsname, ino_t *ino)
 208 {
 209         struct stat st;
 210         char path[16];
 211
 212         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "ns/%s", nsname);
 213
 214         if (fstatat(dir, path, &st, 0) != 0)
 215                 return -errno;
 216         *ino = st.st_ino;
 217         return 0;
 218 }
 219
 220 static int parse_proc_stat(FILE *fp, pid_t *pid, char *state, pid_t *ppid)
 221 {
 222         char *line = NULL, *p;
 223         size_t len = 0;
 224         int rc;
 225
 226         if (getline(&line, &len, fp) < 0) {
 227                 rc = -errno;
 228                 goto error;
 229         }
 230
 231         p = strrchr(line, ')');
 232         if (p == NULL ||
 233             sscanf(line, "%d (", pid) != 1 ||
 234             sscanf(p, ") %c %d*[^\n]", state, ppid) != 2) {
 235                 rc = -EINVAL;
 236                 goto error;
 237         }
 238         rc = 0;
 239
 240 error:
 241         free(line);
 242         return rc;
 243 }
 244
 245 static int read_process(struct lsns *ls, pid_t pid)
 246 {
 247         struct lsns_process *p = NULL;
 248         char buf[BUFSIZ];
 249         DIR *dir;
 250         int rc = 0, fd;
 251         FILE *f = NULL;
 252         size_t i;
 253         struct stat st;
 254
 255         DBG(PROC, ul_debug("reading %d", (int) pid));
 256
 257         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d", pid);
 258         dir = opendir(buf);
 259         if (!dir)
 260                 return -errno;
 261
 262         p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
 263         if (!p) {
 264                 rc = -ENOMEM;
 265                 goto done;
 266         }
 267
 268         if (fstat(dirfd(dir), &st) == 0) {
 269                 p->uid = st.st_uid;
 270                 add_uid(uid_cache, st.st_uid);
 271         }
 272
 273         fd = openat(dirfd(dir), "stat", O_RDONLY);
 274         if (fd < 0) {
 275                 rc = -errno;
 276                 goto done;
 277         }
 278         if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
 279                 rc = -errno;
 280                 goto done;
 281         }
 282         rc = parse_proc_stat(f, &p->pid, &p->state, &p->ppid);
 283         if (rc < 0)
 284                 goto done;
 285         rc = 0;
 286
 287         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->ns_ids); i++) {
 288                 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->ns_siblings[i]);
 289
 290                 if (!ls->fltr_types[i])
 291                         continue;
 292
 293                 rc = get_ns_ino(dirfd(dir), ns_names[i], &p->ns_ids[i]);
 294                 if (rc && rc != -EACCES && rc != -ENOENT)
 295                         goto done;
 296                 rc = 0;
 297         }
 298
 299         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->processes);
 300
 301         DBG(PROC, ul_debugobj(p, "new pid=%d", p->pid));
 302         list_add_tail(&p->processes, &ls->processes);
 303 done:
 304         if (f)
 305                 fclose(f);
 306         closedir(dir);
 307         if (rc)
 308                 free(p);
 309         return rc;
 310 }
 311
 312 static int read_processes(struct lsns *ls)
 313 {
 314         struct proc_processes *proc = NULL;
 315         pid_t pid;
 316         int rc = 0;
 317
 318         DBG(PROC, ul_debug("opening /proc"));
 319
 320         if (!(proc = proc_open_processes())) {
 321                 rc = -errno;
 322                 goto done;
 323         }
 324
 325         while (proc_next_pid(proc, &pid) == 0) {
 326                 rc = read_process(ls, pid);
 327                 if (rc && rc != -EACCES && rc != -ENOENT)
 328                         break;
 329                 rc = 0;
 330         }
 331 done:
 332         DBG(PROC, ul_debug("closing /proc"));
 333         proc_close_processes(proc);
 334         return rc;
 335 }
 336
 337 static struct lsns_namespace *get_namespace(struct lsns *ls, ino_t ino)
 338 {
 339         struct list_head *p;
 340
 341         list_for_each(p, &ls->namespaces) {
 342                 struct lsns_namespace *ns = list_entry(p, struct lsns_namespace, namespaces);
 343
 344                 if (ns->id == ino)
 345                         return ns;
 346         }
 347         return NULL;
 348 }
 349
 350 static int namespace_has_process(struct lsns_namespace *ns, pid_t pid)
 351 {
 352         struct list_head *p;
 353
 354         list_for_each(p, &ns->processes) {
 355                 struct lsns_process *proc = list_entry(p, struct lsns_process, ns_siblings[ns->type]);
 356
 357                 if (proc->pid == pid)
 358                         return 1;
 359         }
 360         return 0;
 361 }
 362
 363 static struct lsns_namespace *add_namespace(struct lsns *ls, int type, ino_t ino)
 364 {
 365         struct lsns_namespace *ns = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ns));
 366
 367         if (!ns)
 368                 return NULL;
 369
 370         DBG(NS, ul_debugobj(ns, "new %s[%ju]", ns_names[type], (uintmax_t)ino));
 371
 372         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ns->processes);
 373         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ns->namespaces);
 374
 375         ns->type = type;
 376         ns->id = ino;
 377
 378         list_add_tail(&ns->namespaces, &ls->namespaces);
 379         return ns;
 380 }
 381
 382 static int add_process_to_namespace(struct lsns *ls, struct lsns_namespace *ns, struct lsns_process *proc)
 383 {
 384         struct list_head *p;
 385
 386         DBG(NS, ul_debugobj(ns, "add process [%p] pid=%d to %s[%ju]",
 387                 proc, proc->pid, ns_names[ns->type], (uintmax_t)ns->id));
 388
 389         list_for_each(p, &ls->processes) {
 390                 struct lsns_process *xproc = list_entry(p, struct lsns_process, processes);
 391
 392                 if (xproc->pid == proc->ppid)           /* my parent */
 393                         proc->parent = xproc;
 394                 else if (xproc->ppid == proc->pid)      /* my child */
 395                         xproc->parent = proc;
 396         }
 397
 398         list_add_tail(&proc->ns_siblings[ns->type], &ns->processes);
 399         ns->nprocs++;
 400
 401         if (!ns->proc || ns->proc->pid > proc->pid)
 402                 ns->proc = proc;
 403
 404         return 0;
 405 }
 406
 407 static int cmp_namespaces(struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b,
 408                           __attribute__((__unused__)) void *data)
 409 {
 410         struct lsns_namespace *xa = list_entry(a, struct lsns_namespace, namespaces),
 411                               *xb = list_entry(b, struct lsns_namespace, namespaces);
 412
 413         return cmp_numbers(xa->id, xb->id);
 414 }
 415
 416 static int read_namespaces(struct lsns *ls)
 417 {
 418         struct list_head *p;
 419
 420         DBG(NS, ul_debug("reading namespace"));
 421
 422         list_for_each(p, &ls->processes) {
 423                 size_t i;
 424                 struct lsns_namespace *ns;
 425                 struct lsns_process *proc = list_entry(p, struct lsns_process, processes);
 426
 427                 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(proc->ns_ids); i++) {
 428                         if (proc->ns_ids[i] == 0)
 429                                 continue;
 430                         if (!(ns = get_namespace(ls, proc->ns_ids[i]))) {
 431                                 ns = add_namespace(ls, i, proc->ns_ids[i]);
 432                                 if (!ns)
 433                                         return -ENOMEM;
 434                         }
 435                         add_process_to_namespace(ls, ns, proc);
 436                 }
 437         }
 438
 439         list_sort(&ls->namespaces, cmp_namespaces, NULL);
 440
 441         return 0;
 442 }
 443
 444 static void add_scols_line(struct lsns *ls, struct libscols_table *table,
 445                            struct lsns_namespace *ns, struct lsns_process *proc)
 446 {
 447         size_t i;
 448         struct libscols_line *line;
 449
 450         assert(ns);
 451         assert(table);
 452
 453         line = scols_table_new_line(table,
 454                         ls->tree && proc->parent ? proc->parent->outline : NULL);
 455         if (!line) {
 456                 warn(_("failed to add line to output"));
 457                 return;
 458         }
 459
 460         for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++) {
 461                 char *str = NULL;
 462
 463                 switch (get_column_id(i)) {
 464                 case COL_NS:
 465                         xasprintf(&str, "%ju", (uintmax_t)ns->id);
 466                         break;
 467                 case COL_PID:
 468                         xasprintf(&str, "%d", (int) proc->pid);
 469                         break;
 470                 case COL_PPID:
 471                         xasprintf(&str, "%d", (int) proc->ppid);
 472                         break;
 473                 case COL_TYPE:
 474                         xasprintf(&str, "%s", ns_names[ns->type]);
 475                         break;
 476                 case COL_NPROCS:
 477                         xasprintf(&str, "%d", ns->nprocs);
 478                         break;
 479                 case COL_COMMAND:
 480                         str = proc_get_command(proc->pid);
 481                         if (!str)
 482                                 str = proc_get_command_name(proc->pid);
 483                         break;
 484                 case COL_PATH:
 485                         xasprintf(&str, "/proc/%d/ns/%s", (int) proc->pid, ns_names[ns->type]);
 486                         break;
 487                 case COL_UID:
 488                         xasprintf(&str, "%d", (int) proc->uid);
 489                         break;
 490                 case COL_USER:
 491                         xasprintf(&str, "%s", get_id(uid_cache, proc->uid)->name);
 492                         break;
 493                 default:
 494                         break;
 495                 }
 496
 497                 if (str && scols_line_refer_data(line, i, str) != 0)
 498                         err_oom();
 499         }
 500
 501         proc->outline = line;
 502 }
 503
 504 static struct libscols_table *init_scols_table(struct lsns *ls)
 505 {
 506         struct libscols_table *tab;
 507         size_t i;
 508
 509         tab = scols_new_table();
 510         if (!tab) {
 511                 warn(_("failed to initialize output table"));
 512                 return NULL;
 513         }
 514
 515         scols_table_enable_raw(tab, ls->raw);
 516         scols_table_enable_json(tab, ls->json);
 517         scols_table_enable_noheadings(tab, ls->no_headings);
 518
 519         if (ls->json)
 520                 scols_table_set_name(tab, "namespaces");
 521
 522         for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++) {
 523                 const struct colinfo *col = get_column_info(i);
 524                 int flags = col->flags;
 525
 526                 if (ls->notrunc)
 527                        flags &= ~SCOLS_FL_TRUNC;
 528                 if (ls->tree && get_column_id(i) == COL_COMMAND)
 529                         flags |= SCOLS_FL_TREE;
 530
 531                 if (!scols_table_new_column(tab, col->name, col->whint, flags)) {
 532                         warnx(_("failed to initialize output column"));
 533                         goto err;
 534                 }
 535         }
 536
 537         return tab;
 538 err:
 539         scols_unref_table(tab);
 540         return NULL;
 541 }
 542
 543 static int show_namespaces(struct lsns *ls)
 544 {
 545         struct libscols_table *tab;
 546         struct list_head *p;
 547         int rc = 0;
 548
 549         tab = init_scols_table(ls);
 550         if (!tab)
 551                 return -ENOMEM;
 552
 553         list_for_each(p, &ls->namespaces) {
 554                 struct lsns_namespace *ns = list_entry(p, struct lsns_namespace, namespaces);
 555
 556                 if (ls->fltr_pid != 0 && !namespace_has_process(ns, ls->fltr_pid))
 557                         continue;
 558
 559                 add_scols_line(ls, tab, ns, ns->proc);
 560         }
 561
 562         scols_print_table(tab);
 563         scols_unref_table(tab);
 564         return rc;
 565 }
 566
 567 static void show_process(struct lsns *ls, struct libscols_table *tab,
 568                          struct lsns_process *proc, struct lsns_namespace *ns)
 569 {
 570         /*
 571          * create a tree from parent->child relation, but only if the parent is
 572          * within the same namespace
 573          */
 574         if (ls->tree
 575             && proc->parent
 576             && !proc->parent->outline
 577             && proc->parent->ns_ids[ns->type] == proc->ns_ids[ns->type])
 578                 show_process(ls, tab, proc->parent, ns);
 579
 580         add_scols_line(ls, tab, ns, proc);
 581 }
 582
 583
 584 static int show_namespace_processes(struct lsns *ls, struct lsns_namespace *ns)
 585 {
 586         struct libscols_table *tab;
 587         struct list_head *p;
 588
 589         tab = init_scols_table(ls);
 590         if (!tab)
 591                 return -ENOMEM;
 592
 593         list_for_each(p, &ns->processes) {
 594                 struct lsns_process *proc = list_entry(p, struct lsns_process, ns_siblings[ns->type]);
 595
 596                 if (!proc->outline)
 597                         show_process(ls, tab, proc, ns);
 598         }
 599
 600
 601         scols_print_table(tab);
 602         scols_unref_table(tab);
 603         return 0;
 604 }
 605
 606 static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(void)
 607 {
 608         FILE *out = stdout;
 609         size_t i;
 610
 611         fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 612
 613         fprintf(out,
 614                 _(" %s [options] [<namespace>]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 615
 616         fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
 617         fputs(_("List system namespaces.\n"), out);
 618
 619         fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 620         fputs(_(" -J, --json             use JSON output format\n"), out);
 621         fputs(_(" -l, --list             use list format output\n"), out);
 622         fputs(_(" -n, --noheadings       don't print headings\n"), out);
 623         fputs(_(" -o, --output <list>    define which output columns to use\n"), out);
 624         fputs(_(" -p, --task <pid>       print process namespaces\n"), out);
 625         fputs(_(" -r, --raw              use the raw output format\n"), out);
 626         fputs(_(" -u, --notruncate       don't truncate text in columns\n"), out);
 627         fputs(_(" -t, --type <name>      namespace type (mnt, net, ipc, user, pid, uts, cgroup)\n"), out);
 628
 629         fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
 630         printf(USAGE_HELP_OPTIONS(24));
 631
 632         fputs(USAGE_COLUMNS, out);
 633         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(infos); i++)
 634                 fprintf(out, " %11s  %s\n", infos[i].name, _(infos[i].help));
 635
 636         printf(USAGE_MAN_TAIL("lsns(8)"));
 637
 638         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 639 }
 640
 641
 642 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 643 {
 644         struct lsns ls;
 645         int c;
 646         int r = 0;
 647         char *outarg = NULL;
 648         static const struct option long_opts[] = {
 649                 { "json",       no_argument,       NULL, 'J' },
 650                 { "task",       required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
 651                 { "help",       no_argument,       NULL, 'h' },
 652                 { "output",     required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
 653                 { "notruncate", no_argument,       NULL, 'u' },
 654                 { "version",    no_argument,       NULL, 'V' },
 655                 { "noheadings", no_argument,       NULL, 'n' },
 656                 { "list",       no_argument,       NULL, 'l' },
 657                 { "raw",        no_argument,       NULL, 'r' },
 658                 { "type",       required_argument, NULL, 't' },
 659                 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 660         };
 661
 662         static const ul_excl_t excl[] = {       /* rows and cols in ASCII order */
 663                 { 'J','r' },
 664                 { 0 }
 665         };
 666         int excl_st[ARRAY_SIZE(excl)] = UL_EXCL_STATUS_INIT;
 667
 668         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 669         bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
 670         textdomain(PACKAGE);
 671         atexit(close_stdout);
 672
 673         lsns_init_debug();
 674         memset(&ls, 0, sizeof(ls));
 675
 676         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ls.processes);
 677         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ls.namespaces);
 678
 679         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
 680                                 "Jlp:o:nruhVt:", long_opts, NULL)) != -1) {
 681
 682                 err_exclusive_options(c, long_opts, excl, excl_st);
 683
 684                 switch(c) {
 685                 case 'J':
 686                         ls.json = 1;
 687                         break;
 688                 case 'l':
 689                         ls.list = 1;
 690                         break;
 691                 case 'o':
 692                         outarg = optarg;
 693                         break;
 694                 case 'V':
 695                         printf(UTIL_LINUX_VERSION);
 696                         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 697                 case 'p':
 698                         ls.fltr_pid = strtos32_or_err(optarg, _("invalid PID argument"));
 699                         break;
 700                 case 'h':
 701                         usage();
 702                 case 'n':
 703                         ls.no_headings = 1;
 704                         break;
 705                 case 'r':
 706                         ls.raw = 1;
 707                         break;
 708                 case 'u':
 709                         ls.notrunc = 1;
 710                         break;
 711                 case 't':
 712                 {
 713                         int type = ns_name2type(optarg);
 714                         if (type < 0)
 715                                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("unknown namespace type: %s"), optarg);
 716                         ls.fltr_types[type] = 1;
 717                         ls.fltr_ntypes++;
 718                         break;
 719                 }
 720                 default:
 721                         errtryhelp(EXIT_FAILURE);
 722                 }
 723         }
 724
 725         if (!ls.fltr_ntypes) {
 726                 size_t i;
 727                 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ns_names); i++)
 728                         ls.fltr_types[i] = 1;
 729         }
 730
 731         if (optind < argc) {
 732                 if (ls.fltr_pid)
 733                         errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("--task is mutually exclusive with <namespace>"));
 734                 ls.fltr_ns = strtou64_or_err(argv[optind], _("invalid namespace argument"));
 735                 ls.tree = ls.list ? 0 : 1;
 736
 737                 if (!ncolumns) {
 738                         columns[ncolumns++] = COL_PID;
 739                         columns[ncolumns++] = COL_PPID;
 740                         columns[ncolumns++] = COL_USER;
 741                         columns[ncolumns++] = COL_COMMAND;
 742                 }
 743         }
 744
 745         if (!ncolumns) {
 746                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_NS;
 747                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_TYPE;
 748                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_NPROCS;
 749                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_PID;
 750                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_USER;
 751                 columns[ncolumns++] = COL_COMMAND;
 752         }
 753
 754         if (outarg && string_add_to_idarray(outarg, columns, ARRAY_SIZE(columns),
 755                                          &ncolumns, column_name_to_id) < 0)
 756                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
 757
 758         scols_init_debug(0);
 759
 760         uid_cache = new_idcache();
 761         if (!uid_cache)
 762                 err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to allocate UID cache"));
 763
 764         r = read_processes(&ls);
 765         if (!r)
 766                 r = read_namespaces(&ls);
 767         if (!r) {
 768                 if (ls.fltr_ns) {
 769                         struct lsns_namespace *ns = get_namespace(&ls, ls.fltr_ns);
 770
 771                         if (!ns)
 772                                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("not found namespace: %ju"), (uintmax_t) ls.fltr_ns);
 773                         r = show_namespace_processes(&ls, ns);
 774                 } else
 775                         r = show_namespaces(&ls);
 776         }
 777
 778         free_idcache(uid_cache);
 779         return r == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
 780 }