-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!--
This file is part of systemd.
the lexicographically earliest name will be applied. All other
conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
prefix and suffix of each other, then the prefix is always
- processed first, the suffix later. Otherwise, the
- files/directories are processed in the order they are
- listed.</para>
+ processed first, the suffix later. Lines that take globs are
+ applied after those accepting no globs. If multiple operations
+ shall be applied on the same file, (such as ACL, xattr, file
+ attribute adjustments), these are always done in the same fixed
+ order. Otherwise, the files/directories are processed in the order
+ they are listed.</para>
<para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file
supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink
d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
+ <para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para>
+
<refsect2>
<title>Type</title>
<term><varname>f</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If
the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the
- file.</para></listitem>
+ file. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>F</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument
- parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para>
+ parameter is given, it will be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style
globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter
will be written without a trailing newline. C-style
- backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
+ backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows
+ symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>d</varname></term>
- <listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.
- </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create a directory. The mode and ownership will be adjusted if
+ specified and the directory already exists. Contents of this directory are subject
+ to time based cleanup if the time argument is specified.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>D</varname></term>
- <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but in addition the contents
+ of the directory will be removed when <option>--remove</option> is used.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>e</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but the directory will not be
+ created if it does not exist. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
+ place of normal path names.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>v</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not
- exist yet and the file system supports this
- (btrfs). Otherwise create a normal directory, in the same
- way as <varname>d</varname>.</para></listitem>
+ exist yet, the file system supports subvolumes (btrfs), and
+ the system itself is installed into a subvolume
+ (specifically: the root directory <filename>/</filename> is
+ itself a subvolume). Otherwise, create a normal directory, in
+ the same way as <varname>d</varname>. A subvolume created
+ with this line type is not assigned to any higher-level
+ quota group. For that, use <varname>q</varname> or
+ <varname>Q</varname>, which allow creating simple quota
+ group hierarchies, see below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>q</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>v</varname>. However,
+ makes sure that the subvolume will be assigned to the same
+ higher-level quota groups as the subvolume it has been
+ created in. This ensures that higher-level limits and
+ accounting applied to the parent subvolume also include the
+ specified subvolume. On non-btrfs file systems, this line
+ type is identical to <varname>d</varname>. If the subvolume
+ already exists and is already assigned to one or more higher
+ level quota groups, no change to the quota hierarchy is
+ made. Also see <varname>Q</varname> below. See <citerefentry
+ project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about the btrfs quota group
+ concept.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Q</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>q</varname>. However,
+ instead of copying the higher-level quota group assignments
+ from the parent as-is, the lowest quota group of the parent
+ subvolume is determined that is not the leaf quota
+ group. Then, an "intermediary" quota group is inserted that
+ is one level below this level, and shares the same ID part
+ as the specified subvolume. If no higher-level quota group
+ exists for the parent subvolume, a new quota group at level
+ 255 sharing the same ID as the specified subvolume is
+ inserted instead. This new intermediary quota group is then
+ assigned to the parent subvolume's higher-level quota
+ groups, and the specified subvolume's leaf quota group is
+ assigned to it.</para>
+
+ <para>Effectively, this has a similar effect as
+ <varname>q</varname>, however introduces a new higher-level
+ quota group for the specified subvolume that may be used to
+ enforce limits and accounting to the specified subvolume and
+ children subvolume created within it. Thus, by creating
+ subvolumes only via <varname>q</varname> and
+ <varname>Q</varname>, a concept of "subtree quotas" is
+ implemented. Each subvolume for which <varname>Q</varname>
+ is set will get a "subtree" quota group created, and all
+ child subvolumes created within it will be assigned to
+ it. Each subvolume for which <varname>q</varname> is set
+ will not get such a "subtree" quota group, but it is ensured
+ that they are added to the same "subtree" quota group as their
+ immediate parents.</para>
+
+ <para>It is recommended to use
+ <varname>Q</varname> for subvolumes that typically contain
+ further subvolumes, and where it is desirable to have
+ accounting and quota limits on all child subvolumes
+ together. Examples for <varname>Q</varname> are typically
+ <filename>/home</filename> or
+ <filename>/var/lib/machines</filename>. In contrast,
+ <varname>q</varname> should be used for subvolumes that
+ either usually do not include further subvolumes or where no
+ accounting and quota limits are needed that apply to all
+ child subvolumes together. Examples for <varname>q</varname>
+ are typically <filename>/var</filename> or
+ <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. As with <varname>Q</varname>,
+ <varname>q</varname> has no effect on the quota group
+ hierarchy if the subvolume exists and already has at least
+ one higher-level quota group assigned.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the argument
is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name residing in
the directory <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are
- created.</para></listitem>
+ created. Note that permissions and ownership on symlinks
+ are ignored.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
from the source directory
<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name
- are copied.</para></listitem>
+ are copied. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the
effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname>
- lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
+ lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
of normal path names. </para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only
directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or
- <varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
+ <varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use
<varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept
shell-style globs in place of normal path
- names.</para></listitem>
+ names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its
subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
- names.</para></listitem>
+ names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, group and user, and
restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory,
if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
- place of normal path names. </para></listitem>
+ place of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
user, and restore the SELinux security context of a file or
directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and
the files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this
- type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
- </para></listitem>
+ type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
+ names. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>t</varname></term>
- <listitem><para>Set extended attributes on the specified
- path. This can be useful for setting SMACK labels.
+ <listitem><para>Set extended attributes. Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
+ This can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow
+ symlinks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>T</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Recursively set extended attributes. Lines
+ of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
+ path names. This can be useful for setting SMACK
+ labels. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>h</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Set file/directory attributes. Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para>
+
+ <para>The format of the argument field is
+ <varname>[+-=][aAcCdDeijsStTu] </varname>. The prefix
+ <varname>+</varname> (the default one) causes the
+ attribute(s) to be added; <varname>-</varname> causes the
+ attribute(s) to be removed; <varname>=</varname> causes the
+ attributes to be set exactly as the following letters. The
+ letters <literal>aAcCdDeijsStTu</literal> select the new
+ attributes for the files, see
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further information.
+ </para>
+ <para>Passing only <varname>=</varname> as argument resets
+ all the file attributes listed above. It has to be pointed
+ out that the <varname>=</varname> prefix limits itself to
+ the attributes corresponding to the letters listed here. All
+ other attributes will be left untouched. Does not follow
+ symlinks.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>H</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Recursively set file/directory attributes. Lines
+ of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
+ path names. Does not follow symlinks.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>a</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>a+</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists). If
+ suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the specified entries will
+ be added to the existing set.
+ <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically add
+ the required base entries for user and group based on the
+ access mode of the file, unless base entries already exist
+ or are explicitly specified. The mask will be added if not
+ specified explicitly or already present. Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
+ can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
+ files. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>A</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>A+</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and
+ <varname>a+</varname>, but recursive. Does not follow
+ symlinks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe of
if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access
mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for
<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
- <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>
- lines.</para>
+ <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>,
+ and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
<para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the
access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for
<para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This
may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group
name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
- default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname>,
- <varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to -, the
- file ownership will not be modified. These parameters are
- ignored for <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
- <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>
- lines.</para>
+ default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname> and
+ <varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to
+ <literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be
+ modified. These parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
+ <varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
+ <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and
+ <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the
current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field
format is a series of integers each followed by one of the
- following postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>s</varname></term>
- <term><varname>min</varname></term>
- <term><varname>h</varname></term>
- <term><varname>d</varname></term>
- <term><varname>w</varname></term>
- <term><varname>ms</varname></term>
- <term><varname>m</varname></term>
- <term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
+ following suffixes for the respective time units:
+ <constant>s</constant>,
+ <constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>,
+ <constant>h</constant>,
+ <constant>d</constant>,
+ <constant>w</constant>,
+ <constant>ms</constant>, and
+ <constant>us</constant>,
+ meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
+ milliseconds, and microseconds, respectively. Full names of the time units can
+ be used too.
+ </para>
<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
- values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
- <varname>s</varname> is assumed.
+ values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit,
+ <constant>s</constant> is assumed.
</para>
<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
unconditionally.</para>
- <para>The age field only applies to lines
- starting with <varname>d</varname>,
- <varname>D</varname>, and
- <varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
- <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
- done.</para>
+ <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with
+ <varname>d</varname>, <varname>D</varname>, <varname>e</varname>,
+ <varname>v</varname>, <varname>q</varname>,
+ <varname>Q</varname>, <varname>C</varname>, <varname>x</varname>
+ and <varname>X</varname>. If omitted or set to
+ <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is done.</para>
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde character
<literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and
<title>Argument</title>
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination
- path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
- <varname>b</varname> determines the major/minor of the device
+ path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname> and
+ <varname>b</varname>, determines the major/minor of the device
node, with major and minor formatted as integers, separated by
<literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For
<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, and
- <varname>w</varname> may be used to specify a short string that
+ <varname>w</varname>, the argument may be used to specify a short string that
is written to the file, suffixed by a newline. For
<varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or
- directory. For <varname>t</varname> determines extended
- attributes to be set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
+ directory. For <varname>t</varname> and <varname>T</varname>,
+ determines extended attributes to be set. For
+ <varname>a</varname> and <varname>A</varname>, determines ACL
+ attributes to be set. For <varname>h</varname> and
+ <varname>H</varname>, determines the file attributes to
+ set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
- <title>Example</title>
+ <title>Examples</title>
<example>
- <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
- <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at
- boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
+ <title>Create directories with specific mode and ownership</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership:</para>
+
+ <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf
+d /run/screens 1777 root screen 10d
+d /run/uscreens 0755 root screen 10d12h
+</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Contents of <filename>/run/screens</filename> and /run/uscreens will
+ cleaned up after 10 and 10½ days, respectively.</para>
+ </example>
- <programlisting>d /run/screens 1777 root root 10d
- d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
- t /run/screen - - - - user.name="John Smith" security.SMACK64=screen</programlisting>
+ <example>
+ <title>Create a directory with a SMACK attribute</title>
+ <programlisting>D /run/cups - - - -
+t /run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing user.attr-with-spaces="foo bar"
+ </programlisting>
+
+ <para>The directory will be owned by root and have default mode. Its contents are
+ not subject to time based cleanup, but will be obliterated when
+ <command>systemd-tmpfiles --remove</command> runs.</para>
</example>
+
<example>
- <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
- <para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
+ <title>Create a directory and prevent its contents from cleanup</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>abrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content
+ should be preserved from the automatic cleanup applied to the contents of
+ <filename>/var/tmp</filename>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
+d /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d
+</programlisting>
+
+ <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf
+d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt -
+</programlisting>
+ </example>
- <programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
- x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
+ <example>
+ <title>Apply clean up during boot and based on time</title>
+
+ <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/dnf.conf
+r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/download_lock.pid
+r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/metadata_lock.pid
+r! /var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid
+e /var/chache/dnf/ - - - 30d
+</programlisting>
+
+ <para>The lock files will be removed during boot. Any files and directories in
+ <filename>/var/chache/dnf/</filename> will be removed after they have not been
+ accessed in 30 days.</para>
</example>
</refsect1>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-subvolume</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / blobdiff