]> git.ipfire.org Git - people/ms/pakfire.git/blobdiff - src/libpakfire/mount.c
mount: Remove the legacy logger
[people/ms/pakfire.git] / src / libpakfire / mount.c
index 6627eab6e43cebfa9692d0eb03a342b60e62fcf9..a364baf0c701172f79a79ac066d0af12cf2c34fd 100644 (file)
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-// libmount
-#include <libmount/libmount.h>
-
 #include <pakfire/arch.h>
 #include <pakfire/logging.h>
 #include <pakfire/pakfire.h>
-#include <pakfire/private.h>
+#include <pakfire/parse.h>
+#include <pakfire/path.h>
 #include <pakfire/mount.h>
+#include <pakfire/string.h>
 #include <pakfire/util.h>
 
 static const struct pakfire_mountpoint {
+       pakfire_mntns_t ns;
        const char* source;
        const char* target;
        const char* fstype;
        int flags;
        const char* options;
 } mountpoints[] = {
-       { "pakfire_proc",  "proc",         "proc",  MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, NULL, },
-
-       // Bind mount /proc/sys as read-only with the following exceptions:
-       //  * /proc/sys/net
-       { "/proc/sys",     "proc/sys",     "bind",  MS_BIND, NULL, },
-       { "/proc/sys/net", "proc/sys/net", "bind",  MS_BIND, NULL, },
-       { "/proc/sys",     "proc/sys",     "bind",  MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, NULL, },
-
-       // Bind mount /sys as read-only
-       { "/sys",          "sys",          "bind",  MS_BIND, NULL, },
-       { "/sys",          "sys",          "bind",  MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, NULL, },
+       // Mount a new instance of /proc
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER|PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_proc",
+               "proc",
+               "proc",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
+               NULL,
+       },
+
+       /*
+               XXX it is kind of problematic to mount /proc twice as a process inside the
+               jail can umount /proc and will then see the host's /proc.
+       */
+
+       // Make /proc/sys read-only (except /proc/sys/net)
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/sys",
+               "proc/sys",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/sys/net",
+               "proc/sys/net",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/sys",
+               "proc/sys",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_REMOUNT,
+               NULL,
+       },
+
+       // Deny write access to /proc/sysrq-trigger (can be used to restart the host)
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/sysrq-trigger",
+               "proc/sysrq-trigger",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/sysrq-trigger",
+               "proc/sysrq-trigger",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_REMOUNT,
+               NULL,
+       },
+
+       // Make /proc/irq read-only
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/irq",
+               "proc/irq",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/irq",
+               "proc/irq",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_REMOUNT,
+               NULL,
+       },
+
+       // Make /proc/bus read-only
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/bus",
+               "proc/bus",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "/proc/bus",
+               "proc/bus",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_REMOUNT,
+               NULL,
+       },
+
+       // Bind-Mount /sys ready-only
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "/sys",
+               "sys",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_REC,
+               NULL,
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "/sys",
+               "sys",
+               "bind",
+               MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_REMOUNT,
+               NULL,
+       },
 
        // Create a new /dev
-       { "pakfire_dev",   "dev",          "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
-               "mode=755,size=4m,nr_inodes=64k", },
-       { "/dev/pts",      "dev/pts",      "bind",  MS_BIND, NULL, },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_dev",
+               "dev",
+               "tmpfs",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
+               "mode=0755,size=4m,nr_inodes=64k",
+       },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_dev_pts",
+               "dev/pts",
+               "devpts",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
+               "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620",
+       },
+
+       // Create a new /dev/shm
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_dev_shm",
+               "dev/shm",
+               "tmpfs",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME,
+               "mode=1777,size=1024m",
+       },
+
+       // Mount /dev/mqueue
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_INNER,
+               "mqueue",
+               "dev/mqueue",
+               "mqueue",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
+               NULL,
+       },
 
        // Create a new /run
-       { "pakfire_tmpfs", "run",          "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
-               "mode=755,size=4m,nr_inodes=1k", },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_run",
+               "run",
+               "tmpfs",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
+               "mode=755,size=256m,nr_inodes=1k",
+       },
 
        // Create a new /tmp
-       { "pakfire_tmpfs", "tmp",          "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV, "mode=755", },
+       {
+               PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER,
+               "pakfire_tmp",
+               "tmp",
+               "tmpfs",
+               MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME,
+               "mode=1777,size=4096m",
+       },
 
        // The end
-       { NULL },
+       {},
 };
 
 static const struct pakfire_devnode {
@@ -76,17 +223,28 @@ static const struct pakfire_devnode {
        int major;
        int minor;
        mode_t mode;
+       int flags;
 } devnodes[] = {
-       { "/dev/null",      1,  3, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, },
-       { "/dev/zero",      1,  5, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, },
-       { "/dev/full",      1,  7, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, },
-       { "/dev/random",    1,  8, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, },
-       { "/dev/urandom",   1,  9, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, },
-       { "/dev/kmsg",      1, 11, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, },
-       { "/dev/tty",       5,  0, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, },
-       { "/dev/console",   5,  1, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, },
-       { "/dev/ptmx",      5,  2, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, },
-       { "/dev/rtc0",    252,  0, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, },
+       { "/dev/null",      1,  3, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/zero",      1,  5, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/full",      1,  7, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/random",    1,  8, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/urandom",   1,  9, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/kmsg",      1, 11, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/tty",       5,  0, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH, 0 },
+       { "/dev/rtc0",    252,  0, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, 0 },
+
+       // Loop Devices
+       { "/dev/loop-control", 10, 237, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop0",         7,   0, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop1",         7,   1, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop2",         7,   2, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop3",         7,   3, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop4",         7,   4, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop5",         7,   5, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop6",         7,   6, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+       { "/dev/loop7",         7,   7, S_IFCHR|S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP, PAKFIRE_MOUNT_LOOP_DEVICES },
+
        { NULL },
 };
 
@@ -94,6 +252,7 @@ static const struct pakfire_symlink {
        const char* target;
        const char* path;
 } symlinks[] = {
+       { "/dev/pts/ptmx",   "/dev/ptmx", },
        { "/proc/self/fd",   "/dev/fd", },
        { "/proc/self/fd/0", "/dev/stdin" },
        { "/proc/self/fd/1", "/dev/stdout" },
@@ -102,226 +261,145 @@ static const struct pakfire_symlink {
        { NULL },
 };
 
-/*
-       Easy way to iterate through all mountpoints
-*/
-static int pakfire_mount_foreach(struct pakfire* pakfire, int direction,
-               int (*callback)(struct pakfire* pakfire, struct libmnt_fs* fs, const void* data),
-               const void* data) {
-       const char* root = pakfire_get_path(pakfire);
-       int r = 1;
-
-       struct libmnt_iter* iterator = NULL;
-       struct libmnt_table* tab = NULL;
-       struct libmnt_fs* fs = NULL;
-
-       // Create an iterator
-       iterator = mnt_new_iter(direction);
-       if (!iterator) {
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not setup iterator: %m\n");
-               goto ERROR;
-       }
+int pakfire_mount_change_propagation(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, const char* path, int propagation) {
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Changing mount propagation on %s\n", path);
 
-       // Read /proc/mounts
-       tab = mnt_new_table_from_file("/proc/mounts");
-       if (!tab) {
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not open /proc/mounts: %m\n");
-               goto ERROR;
-       }
-
-       while (mnt_table_next_fs(tab, iterator, &fs) == 0) {
-               const char* target = mnt_fs_get_target(fs);
-
-               // Ignore any mointpoints that don't belong to us
-               if (!pakfire_string_startswith(target, root))
-                       continue;
-
-               // Call the callback for each relevant mountpoint
-               r = callback(pakfire, fs, data);
-               if (r)
-                       break;
-       }
-
-ERROR:
-       // Tidy up
-       if (fs)
-               mnt_unref_fs(fs);
-       if (tab)
-               mnt_unref_table(tab);
-       if (iterator)
-               mnt_free_iter(iterator);
+       int r = mount(NULL, path, NULL, propagation|MS_REC, NULL);
+       if (r)
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Failed to change mount propagation on %s: %m\n", path);
 
        return r;
 }
 
-static int __pakfire_is_mountpoint(struct pakfire* pakfire,
-               struct libmnt_fs* fs, const void* data) {
-       const char* path = (const char*)data;
-
-       return mnt_fs_streq_target(fs, path);
+static int pakfire_mount_is_mountpoint(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* path) {
+       // XXX THIS STILL NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
+       return 1;
 }
 
-int pakfire_is_mountpoint(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* path) {
-       return pakfire_mount_foreach(pakfire, MNT_ITER_FORWARD,
-               __pakfire_is_mountpoint, path);
-}
-
-static int pakfire_mount(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* source, const char* target,
-               const char* fstype, unsigned long mflags, const void* data) {
-       const char* options = (const char*)data;
+int pakfire_mount_make_mounpoint(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire,
+               const char* path) {
        int r;
 
-       char error[1024];
-
-       // Check for some basic inputs
-       if (!source || !target) {
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return 1;
-       }
-
-       DEBUG(pakfire, "Mounting %s from %s (%s - %s)\n",
-               target, source, fstype, options);
-
-#ifdef PAKFIRE_DEBUG
-       // Enable debugging for libmount
-       mnt_init_debug(0xffff);
-#endif
+       // Check if path already is a mountpoint
+       r = pakfire_mount_is_mountpoint(pakfire, path);
+       switch (r) {
+               // Already is a mountpoint
+               case 0:
+                       return 0;
 
-       // Allocate a new mount context
-       struct libmnt_context* ctx = mnt_new_context();
-       if (!ctx)
-               return 1;
+               // Is not a mountpoint
+               case 1:
+                       break;
 
-       // Set source
-       r = mnt_context_set_source(ctx, source);
-       if (r) {
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not set source: %m\n");
-               goto ERROR;
+               default:
+                       CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not determine whether %s is a mountpoint: %m\n", path);
+                       return r;
        }
 
-       // Set target
-       r = mnt_context_set_target(ctx, target);
+       // Bind-mount to self
+       r = mount(path, path, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL);
        if (r) {
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not set target: %m\n");
-               goto ERROR;
-       }
-
-       // Set filesystem type
-       if (fstype) {
-               r = mnt_context_set_fstype(ctx, fstype);
-               if (r) {
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not set filesystem type: %m\n");
-                       goto ERROR;
-               }
-       }
-
-       // Set mount flags
-       if (mflags) {
-               r = mnt_context_set_mflags(ctx, mflags);
-               if (r) {
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not set mount flags: %m\n");
-                       goto ERROR;
-               }
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not make %s a mountpoint: %m\n", path);
+               return r;
        }
 
-       // Set options
-       if (options) {
-               r = mnt_context_set_options(ctx, options);
-               if (r) {
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not set mount options: %m\n");
-                       goto ERROR;
-               }
-       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       // Perform mount operation
-       r = mnt_context_mount(ctx);
-       if (r) {
-               // Fetch the error message
-               mnt_context_get_excode(ctx, r, error, sizeof(error));
+static int pakfire_mount(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* source,
+               const char* target, const char* fstype, unsigned long mflags, const void* data) {
+       const char* options = (const char*)data;
 
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Mount unsuccessful: %s\n", error);
-               goto ERROR;
+       // Check for some basic inputs
+       if (!source || !target) {
+               errno = EINVAL;
+               return 1;
        }
 
-ERROR:
-       if (ctx)
-               mnt_free_context(ctx);
-
-       return r;
-}
-
-static int pakfire_umount(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* path, int flags) {
-       int r;
-
-       DEBUG(pakfire, "Umounting %s\n", path);
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Mounting %s from %s (%s - %s)\n", target, source, fstype, options);
 
-RETRY:
-       // Perform umount
-       r = umount2(path, flags);
+       // Perform mount()
+       int r = mount(source, target, fstype, mflags, data);
        if (r) {
-               // Attempt a lazy umount when busy
-               if (errno == EBUSY) {
-                       flags |= MNT_DETACH;
-                       goto RETRY;
-               }
-
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not umount %s: %m\n", path);
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not mount %s: %m\n", target);
        }
 
        return r;
 }
 
-static int __pakfire_mount_print(struct pakfire* pakfire,
-               struct libmnt_fs* fs, const void* data) {
-       DEBUG(pakfire,
-               "  %s %s %s %s\n",
-               mnt_fs_get_source(fs),
-               mnt_fs_get_target(fs),
-               mnt_fs_get_fstype(fs),
-               mnt_fs_get_fs_options(fs)
-       );
+static int __pakfire_mount_list(char* line, size_t length, void* data) {
+       struct pakfire_ctx* ctx = data;
+
+       // Send the line to the logger
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "  %.*s", (int)length, line);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-int pakfire_mount_list(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
-       DEBUG(pakfire, "Mountpoints:\n");
+int pakfire_mount_list(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx) {
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Mountpoints:\n");
 
-       return pakfire_mount_foreach(pakfire, MNT_ITER_FORWARD,
-               __pakfire_mount_print, NULL);
+       return pakfire_parse_file("/proc/self/mounts", __pakfire_mount_list, ctx);
 }
 
-static int pakfire_populate_dev(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
+int pakfire_populate_dev(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire, int flags) {
        char path[PATH_MAX];
 
        // Create device nodes
        for (const struct pakfire_devnode* devnode = devnodes; devnode->path; devnode++) {
-               DEBUG(pakfire, "Creating device node %s\n", devnode->path);
+               CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Creating device node %s\n", devnode->path);
 
-               int r = pakfire_make_path(pakfire, path, devnode->path);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       return 1;
+               // Check if flags match
+               if (devnode->flags && !(flags & devnode->flags))
+                       continue;
+
+               int r = pakfire_path(pakfire, path, "%s", devnode->path);
+               if (r)
+                       return r;
 
                dev_t dev = makedev(devnode->major, devnode->minor);
 
                r = mknod(path, devnode->mode, dev);
+
+               // Continue if mknod was successful
+               if (r == 0)
+                       continue;
+
+               // If we could not create the device node because of permission issues,
+               // it might be likely that we are running in a user namespace where creating
+               // device nodes is not permitted. Try bind-mounting them.
+               if (errno == EPERM)
+                       goto MOUNT;
+
+               // Otherwise log an error and end
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not create %s: %m\n", devnode->path);
+               return r;
+
+MOUNT:
+               // Create an empty file
+               r = pakfire_touch(path, 0444);
                if (r) {
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not create %s: %m\n", devnode->path);
+                       CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not create %s: %m\n", path);
                        return r;
                }
+
+               // Create a bind-mount over the file
+               r = pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, devnode->path, path, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL);
+               if (r)
+                       return r;
        }
 
        // Create symlinks
        for (const struct pakfire_symlink* s = symlinks; s->target; s++) {
-               DEBUG(pakfire, "Creating symlink %s -> %s\n", s->path, s->target);
+               CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Creating symlink %s -> %s\n", s->path, s->target);
 
-               int r = pakfire_make_path(pakfire, path, s->path);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       return 1;
+               int r = pakfire_path(pakfire, path, "%s", s->path);
+               if (r)
+                       return r;
 
                r = symlink(s->target, path);
                if (r) {
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not create symlink %s: %m\n", s->path);
+                       CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not create symlink %s: %m\n", s->path);
                        return r;
                }
        }
@@ -329,11 +407,11 @@ static int pakfire_populate_dev(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int pakfire_mount_interpreter(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
+int pakfire_mount_interpreter(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire) {
        char target[PATH_MAX];
 
        // Fetch the target architecture
-       const char* arch = pakfire_get_arch(pakfire);
+       const char* arch = pakfire_get_effective_arch(pakfire);
 
        // Can we emulate this architecture?
        char* interpreter = pakfire_arch_find_interpreter(arch);
@@ -342,11 +420,11 @@ static int pakfire_mount_interpreter(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
        if (!interpreter)
                return 0;
 
-       DEBUG(pakfire, "Mounting interpreter %s for %s\n", interpreter, arch);
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Mounting interpreter %s for %s\n", interpreter, arch);
 
        // Where to mount this?
-       int r = pakfire_make_path(pakfire, target, interpreter);
-       if (r < 0)
+       int r = pakfire_path(pakfire, target, "%s", interpreter);
+       if (r)
                return r;
 
        // Create directory
@@ -360,95 +438,90 @@ static int pakfire_mount_interpreter(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
                return 1;
        fclose(f);
 
-       r = pakfire_mount(pakfire, interpreter, target, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY, NULL);
+       r = pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, interpreter, target, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY, NULL);
        if (r)
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not mount interpreter %s to %s: %m\n", interpreter, target);
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not mount interpreter %s to %s: %m\n", interpreter, target);
 
        return r;
 }
 
-int pakfire_mount_all(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
+int pakfire_mount_all(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire, pakfire_mntns_t ns, int flags) {
        char target[PATH_MAX];
        int r;
 
+       const char* root = "/";
+
        // Fetch Pakfire's root directory
-       const char* root = pakfire_get_path(pakfire);
+       if (ns == PAKFIRE_MNTNS_OUTER)
+               root = pakfire_get_path(pakfire);
 
        for (const struct pakfire_mountpoint* mp = mountpoints; mp->source; mp++) {
+               if (!(mp->ns & ns))
+                       continue;
+
                // Figure out where to mount
-               r = pakfire_path_join(target, root, mp->target);
-               if (r < 0)
+               r = pakfire_path_append(target, root, mp->target);
+               if (r)
                        return r;
 
-               // Create target
-               pakfire_mkdir(target, 0755);
-
-RETRY:
-               // Perform mount()
-               r = pakfire_mount(pakfire, mp->source, target, mp->fstype, mp->flags, mp->options);
-               if (r) {
-                       // If the target directory does not exist, we will create it
-                       if (errno == ENOENT) {
-                               r = pakfire_mkdir(target, 0755);
-                               if (r) {
-                                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not create %s\n", target);
-                                       return r;
-                               }
-
-                               goto RETRY;
+               // Create target if it doesn't exist
+               if (!pakfire_path_exists(target)) {
+                       r = pakfire_mkdir(target, 0755);
+                       if (r) {
+                               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not create %s: %m\n", target);
+                               return r;
                        }
+               }
 
-                       ERROR(pakfire, "Could not mount /%s: %m\n", mp->target);
+               // Perform mount()
+               r = pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, mp->source, target,
+                       mp->fstype, mp->flags, mp->options);
+               if (r)
                        return r;
-               }
        }
 
-       // Populate /dev
-       r = pakfire_populate_dev(pakfire);
-       if (r)
-               return r;
-
-       // Mount the interpreter (if needed)
-       r = pakfire_mount_interpreter(pakfire);
-       if (r)
-               return r;
-
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int __pakfire_umount(struct pakfire* pakfire,
-               struct libmnt_fs* fs, const void* data) {
-       const char* target = mnt_fs_get_target(fs);
-       if (!target)
-               return 1;
+int pakfire_make_ramdisk(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire,
+               char* path, const char* args) {
+       int r;
 
-       return pakfire_umount(pakfire, target, 0);
-}
+       // Create a new temporary directory
+       char* p = pakfire_mkdtemp(path);
+       if (!p)
+               return -errno;
 
-/*
-       umounts everything that hasn't been umounted, yet
-*/
-int pakfire_umount_all(struct pakfire* pakfire) {
-       return pakfire_mount_foreach(pakfire, MNT_ITER_BACKWARD,
-               __pakfire_umount, NULL);
+       // Mount the ramdisk
+       r = pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, "pakfire_ramdisk", p, "tmpfs", 0, args);
+       if (r) {
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not mount ramdisk at %s (%s): %s\n",
+                       p, args, strerror(errno));
+               return r;
+       }
+
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Ramdisk mounted at %s (%s)\n", p, args);
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
-PAKFIRE_EXPORT int pakfire_bind(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* src, const char* dst, int flags) {
+int pakfire_bind(struct pakfire_ctx* ctx, struct pakfire* pakfire,
+               const char* src, const char* dst, int flags) {
        struct stat st;
        char mountpoint[PATH_MAX];
 
        if (!dst)
                dst = src;
 
-       int r = pakfire_make_path(pakfire, mountpoint, dst);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return 1;
+       int r = pakfire_path(pakfire, mountpoint, "%s", dst);
+       if (r)
+               return r;
 
-       DEBUG(pakfire, "Bind-mounting %s to %s\n", src, mountpoint);
+       CTX_DEBUG(ctx, "Bind-mounting %s to %s\n", src, mountpoint);
 
        r = stat(src, &st);
        if (r < 0) {
-               ERROR(pakfire, "Could not stat %s: %m\n", src);
+               CTX_ERROR(ctx, "Could not stat %s: %m\n", src);
                return 1;
        }
 
@@ -479,6 +552,18 @@ PAKFIRE_EXPORT int pakfire_bind(struct pakfire* pakfire, const char* src, const
                        return 1;
        }
 
+       // The Linux kernel seems to be quite funny when trying to bind-mount something
+       // as read-only and requires us to mount the source first, and then remount it
+       // again using MS_RDONLY.
+       if (flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+               r = pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, src, mountpoint, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL);
+               if (r)
+                       return r;
+
+               // Add the remount flag
+               flags |= MS_REMOUNT;
+       }
+
        // Perform mount
-       return pakfire_mount(pakfire, src, mountpoint, NULL, flags|MS_BIND, NULL);
+       return pakfire_mount(ctx, pakfire, src, mountpoint, "bind", flags|MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL);
 }