X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fbashref.info;fp=doc%2Fbashref.info;h=44e8d9b5d3d6dd5de2bf60e935e45abe7953007c;hb=17345e5ad288f7543b77b23a25aa380eacc279f2;hp=58fd310249b4d2dbdf9aaf0998a63ae43529d03f;hpb=3185942a5234e26ab13fa02f9c51d340cec514f8;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 58fd31024..44e8d9b5d 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from +This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008). +the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008). - This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0. - Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008). +the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008). - This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -955,7 +955,9 @@ established between the executing shell and the coprocess. `coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS] This creates a coprocess named NAME. If NAME is not supplied, the -default name is COPROC. +default name is COPROC. NAME must not be supplied if COMMAND is a +simple command (*note Simple Commands::); otherwise, it is interpreted +as the first word of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell. The @@ -1405,11 +1407,12 @@ introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter -that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a -parameter that is unset. Put another way, if the colon is included, -the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null; -if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence. + When not performing substring expansion, using the form described +below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the +colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. Put +another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both +PARAMETER's existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is +omitted, the operator tests only for existence. `${PARAMETER:-WORD}' If PARAMETER is unset or null, the expansion of WORD is @@ -1534,14 +1537,14 @@ if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence. matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The `^^' and `,,' expansions convert each matched character in the expanded value; the `^' and - `,' expansions match and convert only the first character. If - PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?', which matches every - character. If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the case modification - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the - expansion is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array - variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the case modification - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the - expansion is the resultant list. + `,' expansions match and convert only the first character in the + expanded value. If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?', + which matches every character. If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the + case modification operation is applied to each positional + parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If + PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the + case modification operation is applied to each member of the array + in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  @@ -2184,6 +2187,10 @@ at invocation. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. + Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value +of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode, Bash +clears the `-e' option in such subshells. + If a command is followed by a `&' and job control is not active, the default standard input for the command is the empty file `/dev/null'. Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the @@ -3122,6 +3129,10 @@ POSIX standard. CALLBACK. If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000. + When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next + array element to be assigned as an additional argument. CALLBACK + is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element + is assigned. If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY before assigning to it. @@ -3226,6 +3237,14 @@ POSIX standard. Read input from file descriptor FD. +`readarray' + readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [ + -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + Read lines from the standard input into array variable ARRAY, or + from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied. + + A synonym for `mapfile'. + `source' source FILENAME A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). @@ -9463,12 +9482,13 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 342) * popd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 37) -* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 383) +* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 387) * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 58) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 163) -* read: Bash Builtins. (line 408) +* read: Bash Builtins. (line 412) +* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 484) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 172) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -9477,7 +9497,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 201) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) -* source: Bash Builtins. (line 480) +* source: Bash Builtins. (line 492) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 94) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -9486,12 +9506,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 281) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 286) -* type: Bash Builtins. (line 484) -* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 515) -* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 521) +* type: Bash Builtins. (line 496) +* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 527) +* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 533) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 327) -* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 607) +* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 619) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 344) * wait: Job Control Builtins. @@ -9974,132 +9994,132 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top1344 -Node: Introduction3181 -Node: What is Bash?3409 -Node: What is a shell?4522 -Node: Definitions7062 -Node: Basic Shell Features9980 -Node: Shell Syntax11199 -Node: Shell Operation12229 -Node: Quoting13523 -Node: Escape Character14826 -Node: Single Quotes15311 -Node: Double Quotes15659 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16784 -Node: Locale Translation17740 -Node: Comments18636 -Node: Shell Commands19254 -Node: Simple Commands20078 -Node: Pipelines20709 -Node: Lists22965 -Node: Compound Commands24694 -Node: Looping Constructs25498 -Node: Conditional Constructs27945 -Node: Command Grouping35951 -Node: Coprocesses37430 -Node: Shell Functions38919 -Node: Shell Parameters43380 -Node: Positional Parameters45796 -Node: Special Parameters46696 -Node: Shell Expansions49660 -Node: Brace Expansion51585 -Node: Tilde Expansion54338 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56689 -Node: Command Substitution65520 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion66853 -Node: Process Substitution67703 -Node: Word Splitting68753 -Node: Filename Expansion70376 -Node: Pattern Matching72516 -Node: Quote Removal76155 -Node: Redirections76450 -Node: Executing Commands84593 -Node: Simple Command Expansion85263 -Node: Command Search and Execution87193 -Node: Command Execution Environment89530 -Node: Environment92329 -Node: Exit Status93989 -Node: Signals95610 -Node: Shell Scripts97578 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands100096 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins101773 -Node: Bash Builtins119091 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior142764 -Node: The Set Builtin143109 -Node: The Shopt Builtin152149 -Node: Special Builtins163011 -Node: Shell Variables163990 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables164430 -Node: Bash Variables166411 -Node: Bash Features188729 -Node: Invoking Bash189612 -Node: Bash Startup Files195421 -Node: Interactive Shells200390 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?200800 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?201449 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior202264 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions205544 -Node: Shell Arithmetic209123 -Node: Aliases211869 -Node: Arrays214441 -Node: The Directory Stack218283 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins218997 -Node: Printing a Prompt221889 -Node: The Restricted Shell224641 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode226473 -Node: Job Control234326 -Node: Job Control Basics234786 -Node: Job Control Builtins239399 -Node: Job Control Variables243763 -Node: Command Line Editing244921 -Node: Introduction and Notation246488 -Node: Readline Interaction248110 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials249301 -Node: Readline Movement Commands251090 -Node: Readline Killing Commands252055 -Node: Readline Arguments253975 -Node: Searching255019 -Node: Readline Init File257205 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax258352 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs271586 -Node: Sample Init File274119 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands277236 -Node: Commands For Moving278443 -Node: Commands For History279587 -Node: Commands For Text282742 -Node: Commands For Killing285415 -Node: Numeric Arguments287866 -Node: Commands For Completion289005 -Node: Keyboard Macros292772 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands293343 -Node: Readline vi Mode298654 -Node: Programmable Completion299568 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins305401 -Node: Using History Interactively313827 -Node: Bash History Facilities314511 -Node: Bash History Builtins317425 -Node: History Interaction321282 -Node: Event Designators323987 -Node: Word Designators325002 -Node: Modifiers326641 -Node: Installing Bash328045 -Node: Basic Installation329182 -Node: Compilers and Options331874 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures332615 -Node: Installation Names334279 -Node: Specifying the System Type335097 -Node: Sharing Defaults335813 -Node: Operation Controls336486 -Node: Optional Features337444 -Node: Reporting Bugs346846 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348040 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License364727 -Node: Indexes387188 -Node: Builtin Index387642 -Node: Reserved Word Index394396 -Node: Variable Index396844 -Node: Function Index408650 -Node: Concept Index415382 +Node: Top1346 +Node: Introduction3185 +Node: What is Bash?3413 +Node: What is a shell?4526 +Node: Definitions7066 +Node: Basic Shell Features9984 +Node: Shell Syntax11203 +Node: Shell Operation12233 +Node: Quoting13527 +Node: Escape Character14830 +Node: Single Quotes15315 +Node: Double Quotes15663 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788 +Node: Locale Translation17744 +Node: Comments18640 +Node: Shell Commands19258 +Node: Simple Commands20082 +Node: Pipelines20713 +Node: Lists22969 +Node: Compound Commands24698 +Node: Looping Constructs25502 +Node: Conditional Constructs27949 +Node: Command Grouping35955 +Node: Coprocesses37434 +Node: Shell Functions39078 +Node: Shell Parameters43539 +Node: Positional Parameters45955 +Node: Special Parameters46855 +Node: Shell Expansions49819 +Node: Brace Expansion51744 +Node: Tilde Expansion54497 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56848 +Node: Command Substitution65746 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion67079 +Node: Process Substitution67929 +Node: Word Splitting68979 +Node: Filename Expansion70602 +Node: Pattern Matching72742 +Node: Quote Removal76381 +Node: Redirections76676 +Node: Executing Commands84819 +Node: Simple Command Expansion85489 +Node: Command Search and Execution87419 +Node: Command Execution Environment89756 +Node: Environment92742 +Node: Exit Status94402 +Node: Signals96023 +Node: Shell Scripts97991 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands100509 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins102186 +Node: Bash Builtins119504 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior143695 +Node: The Set Builtin144040 +Node: The Shopt Builtin153080 +Node: Special Builtins163942 +Node: Shell Variables164921 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables165361 +Node: Bash Variables167342 +Node: Bash Features189660 +Node: Invoking Bash190543 +Node: Bash Startup Files196352 +Node: Interactive Shells201321 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?201731 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?202380 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior203195 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions206475 +Node: Shell Arithmetic210054 +Node: Aliases212800 +Node: Arrays215372 +Node: The Directory Stack219214 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins219928 +Node: Printing a Prompt222820 +Node: The Restricted Shell225572 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode227404 +Node: Job Control235257 +Node: Job Control Basics235717 +Node: Job Control Builtins240330 +Node: Job Control Variables244694 +Node: Command Line Editing245852 +Node: Introduction and Notation247419 +Node: Readline Interaction249041 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials250232 +Node: Readline Movement Commands252021 +Node: Readline Killing Commands252986 +Node: Readline Arguments254906 +Node: Searching255950 +Node: Readline Init File258136 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax259283 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs272517 +Node: Sample Init File275050 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands278167 +Node: Commands For Moving279374 +Node: Commands For History280518 +Node: Commands For Text283673 +Node: Commands For Killing286346 +Node: Numeric Arguments288797 +Node: Commands For Completion289936 +Node: Keyboard Macros293703 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands294274 +Node: Readline vi Mode299585 +Node: Programmable Completion300499 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins306332 +Node: Using History Interactively314758 +Node: Bash History Facilities315442 +Node: Bash History Builtins318356 +Node: History Interaction322213 +Node: Event Designators324918 +Node: Word Designators325933 +Node: Modifiers327572 +Node: Installing Bash328976 +Node: Basic Installation330113 +Node: Compilers and Options332805 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures333546 +Node: Installation Names335210 +Node: Specifying the System Type336028 +Node: Sharing Defaults336744 +Node: Operation Controls337417 +Node: Optional Features338375 +Node: Reporting Bugs347777 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348971 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License365658 +Node: Indexes388119 +Node: Builtin Index388573 +Node: Reserved Word Index395400 +Node: Variable Index397848 +Node: Function Index409654 +Node: Concept Index416386  End Tag Table