cgroup-util: rework cg_get_keyed_attribute() a bit

cgroup-util: rework cg_get_keyed_attribute() a bit

Let's make sure we don't clobber the return parameter on failure, to
follow our coding style. Also, break the loop early if we have all
attributes we need.

This also changes the keys parameter to a simple char**, so that we can
use STRV_MAKE() for passing the list of attributes to read.

This also makes it possible to distuingish the case when the whole
attribute file doesn't exist from one key in it missing. In the former
case we return -ENOENT, in the latter we now return -ENXIO.