Fix use of OPENSSL_realloc in provider

Fix use of OPENSSL_realloc in provider

Fix OPENSSL_realloc failure case; `provider->operation_bits` memory
is lost when `OPENSSL_realloc()` returns NULL.

`operation_bits_sz` is never set to the length of the allocated array.
This means that operation_bits is always reallocated in
`ossl_provider_set_operation_bit()`, possibly shrinking the array.
In addition, it means that the `memset()` always zeros out the
whole reallocated array, not just the new part. Also, because
`operation_bits_sz` is always zero, the value of `*result` in
`ossl_provider_test_operation_bit()` will always be zero.

Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Ben Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/12760)