With this, I can now easily do:
systemd-nspawn --load-credential=ssh.authorized_keys.root:/home/lennart/.ssh/authorized_keys --image=… --boot
To boot into an image with my SSH key copied in. Yay!
# Provision a /etc/hosts file from credentials.
f^ /etc/hosts - - - - network.hosts
+
+# Provision SSH key for root
+d /root :0700 root :root -
+d /root/.ssh :0700 root :root -
+f^ /root/.ssh/authorized_keys :0600 root :root - ssh.authorized_keys.root
LoadCredential=login.motd
LoadCredential=login.issue
LoadCredential=network.hosts
+LoadCredential=ssh.authorized_keys.root