systemd-run tool to default to Type=exec for transient services
started by it. This should be mostly safe, but in specific corner
cases might result in problems, as the systemd-run tool will then
- block on NSS calls (such as user name lookups due to User=) done
+ block on NSS calls (such as user name look-ups due to User=) done
between the fork() and execve(), which under specific circumstances
might cause problems. It is recommended to specify "-p Type=simple"
explicitly in the few cases where this applies. For regular,
that have multiple links with routes to the same networks (e.g.
a client with a Wi-Fi and Ethernet both connected to the internet).
- Consult the kernel documetnation for details on this sysctl:
+ Consult the kernel documentation for details on this sysctl:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
* CPUAccounting=yes no longer enables the CPU controller when using
kernel 4.15+ and the unified cgroup hierarchy, as required accounting
statistics are now provided independently from the CPU controller.
- * Support for disabling a particular cgroup controller within a subtree
+ * Support for disabling a particular cgroup controller within a sub-tree
has been added through the DisableControllers= directive.
+ * The new "MemoryMin=" unit file property may now be used to set the
+ memory usage protection limit of processes invoked by the unit. This
+ controls the cgroupsv2 memory.min attribute. Similar, the new
+ "IODeviceLatencyTargetSec=" property has been added, wrapping the new
+ cgroupsv2 io.latency cgroup property for configuring per-service I/O
+ latency.
+
+ * systemd now supports the cgroupsv2 devices BPF logic, as counterpart
+ to the cgroupsv1 "devices" cgroup controller.
+
+ * systemd-escape now is able to combine --unescape with --template. It
+ also learnt a new option --instance for extracting and unescaping the
+ instance part of a unit name.
+
+ * sd-bus now provides the sd_bus_message_readv() which is similar to
+ sd_bus_message_read() but takes a va_list object. The pair
+ sd_bus_set_method_call_timeout() and sd_bus_get_method_call_timeout()
+ have been added for configuring the default method call timeout to
+ use. sd_bus_error_move() may be used to efficiently move the contents
+ from one sd_bus_error structure to another, invalidating the
+ source. sd_bus_set_close_on_exit() and sd_bus_get_close_on_exit() may
+ be used to control whether a bus connection object is automatically
+ flushed when an sd-event loop is exited.
+
+ * When processing classic BSD syslog log messages, journald will now
+ save the original time-stamp string supplied in the new
+ SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP= journal field. This permits consumers to
+ reconstruct the original BSD syslog message more correctly.
+
+ * StandardOutput=/StandardError= in service files gained support for
+ new "append:…" parameters, for connecting STDOUT/STDERR of a service
+ to a file, and appending to it.
+
+ * The signal to use as last step of killing of unit processes is now
+ configurable. Previously it was hard-coded to SIGKILL, which may now
+ be overridden with the new KillSignal= setting. Note that this is the
+ signal used when regular termination (i.e. SIGTERM) does
+ suffice. Similar, the signal used when aborting a program in case of
+ a watchdog timeout may now be configured too (WatchdogSignal=).
+
+ * The XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP environment variable may now be configured in
+ the pam_systemd argument line, using the new desktop= switch. This is
+ useful to initialize it properly from a display manager without
+ having to touch C code.
+
+ * Most configuration options that previously accepted percentage
+ values now also understand permille values, if the '‰' suffix is
+ used (instead of '%').
+
+ * systemd-logind will offer hibernation only if the currently used
+ kernel image is still available on disk.
+
+ * systemd-resolved may now optionally use OpenSSL instead of GnuTLS for
+ DNS-over-TLS.
+
+ * systemd-resolved's configuration file resolved.conf gained a new
+ option ReadEtcHosts= which may be used to turn off processing and
+ honoring /etc/hosts entries.
+
+ * The "--wait" switch may now be passed to "systemctl
+ is-system-running", in which case the tool will synchronously wait
+ until the system finished start-up.
+
+ * hostnamed gained a new bus call to determine the DMI product UUID.
+
+ * On x86-64 systemd will now prefer using the RDRAND processor
+ instruction over /dev/urandom whenever it requires randomness that
+ neither has to be crypto-grade nor should be reproducible. This
+ should substantially reduce the amount of entropy systemd requests
+ from the kernel during initialization on such systems, though not
+ reduce it to zero. (Why not zero? systemd still needs to allocate
+ UUIDs and such uniquely, which require high-quality randomness.)
+
+ * networkd gained support for Foo-Over-UDP, ERSPAN and ISATAP
+ tunnels. It also gained a new option ForceDHCPv6PDOtherInformation=
+ for forcing the "Other Information" bit in IPv6 RA messages. The
+ bonding logic gained three new options AdActorSystemPriority=,
+ AdUserPortKey=, AdActorSystem= for configuring various 802.3ad
+ aspects. The tunnel logic gained a new IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix=
+ option for configuring IPv6 Rapid Deployment. The policy rule logic
+ gained four new options IPProtocol=, SourcePort= and
+ DestinationPort=, InvertRule=. The bridge logic gained support for
+ the MulticastToUnicast= option. networkd also gained support for
+ configuring static IPv4 ARP or IPv6 neighbor entries.
+
+ * .preset files (as read by 'systemctl preset') may now be used to
+ instantiate services.
+
+ * /etc/crypttab now understands the sector-size= option to configure
+ the sector size for an encrypted partition.
+
+ * Key material for encrypted disks may now be placed on a formatted
+ medium, and reference from /etc/crypttab by the UUID of the file
+ system, followed by "=" suffixed by the paths to the key file.
+
+ * The "collect" udev component has been removed without replacement, as
+ it is not used nor maintained.
+
+ * When the RuntimeDirectory=, StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=,
+ LogsDirectory=, ConfigurationDirectory= settings are used in a
+ service the executed processes will now receive a set of environment
+ variables pointing it to the full, absolute paths of these
+ directories. Specifically, RUNTIME_DIRECTORY=, STATE_DIRECTORY,
+ CACHE_DIRECTORY, LOGS_DIRECTORY, CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY are now set
+ if these options are used. Note that these options may be used
+ multiple times per service in which case the resulting paths will be
+ concatenated and separated by colons.
+
+ * Predictable interface naming has been extended to cover InfiniBand
+ NICs. They will be exposed with an "ib" prefix.
+
+ * tmpfiles.d/ line types may now be suffixed with a '-' character, in
+ which case the respective line failing is ignored.
+
+ * .link files may now be used to configure the equivalent to the
+ "ethtool advertise" commands.
+
+ * The sd-device.h and sd-hwdb.h APIs are now exported, as an
+ alternative to libudev.h. Previously, the latter was just an internal
+ wrapper around the former, but now these two APIs are exposed
+ directly.
+
+ * sd-id128.h gained a new function sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific()
+ which calculates an app-specific boot ID similar to how
+ sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific() generates an app-specific machine
+ ID.
+
+ * A new tool systemd-id128 has been added that can be used to determine
+ and generate various 128bit IDs.
+
+ * /etc/os-release gained two new standardized fields DOCUMENTATION_URL=
+ and LOGO=.
+
+ * systemd-hibernate-resume-generator will now honor the "noresume"
+ kernel command line option, in which case it will bypass resuming
+ from any hibernated image.
+
+ * The systemd-sleep.conf configuration file gained new options
+ AllowSuspend=, AllowHibernation=, AllowSuspendThenHibernate=,
+ AllowHybridSleep= for prohibiting specific sleep modes even if the
+ system supports it.
+
+ * portablectl is now officially supported and has thus moved to
+ /usr/bin/.
+
+ * bootctl learnt the two new commands "set-default" and "set-oneshot"
+ for setting the default boot loader item to boot to (either
+ persistently or only for the next boot). This is currently only
+ compatible with sd-boot, but may be implemented on other boot loaders
+ too, that follow the boot loader interface. The updated interface is
+ now documented here:
+
+ https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_INTERFACE
+
+ * A new kernel command line option systemd.early_core_pattern= is now
+ understood which may be used to influence the core_pattern PID 1
+ installs during early boot.
+
+ * busctl learnt two new options -j and --json= for outputting method
+ call replies, properties and monitoring output in JSON.
+
+ * journalctl's JSON output now supports simple ANSI coloring as well as
+ a new "json-seq" mode for generating RFC7464 output.
+
+ * Unit files now support the %g/%G specifiers that resolve to the UNIX
+ group/GID of the service manager runs as, similar to the existing
+ %u/%U specifiers that resolve to the UNIX user/UID.
+
+ * systemd-logind learnt a new global configuration option
+ UserStopDelaySec= that may be set in logind.conf. It specifies how
+ long the systemd --user instance shall remain started after a user
+ logs out. This is useful to speed up repetitive re-connections of the
+ same user, as it means the user's service manager doesn't have to be
+ stopped/restarted on each iteration, but can be reused between
+ subsequent options. This setting defaults to 10s. systemd-logind also
+ exports two new properties on its Manager D-Bus objects indicating
+ whether the system's lid is currently closed, and on AC power.
+
+ * systemd gained support for a generic boot counting logic, which
+ generically permits automatic reverting to older boot loader entries
+ if newer updated ones don't work. The boot loader side is implemented
+ in sd-boot, but is kept open for other boot loaders too. For details
+ see:
+
+ https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT
+
+ * The SuccessAction=/FailureAction= unit file settings now learnt two
+ new parameters: "exit" and "exit-force", which result in immediate
+ exiting of the service manager, and are only useful in systemd --user
+ and container environments.
+
+ * Unit files gained support for a pair of options
+ FailureActionExitStatus=/SuccessActionExitStatus= for configuring the
+ exit status to use as service manager exit status when
+ SuccessAction=/FailureAction= is set to exit or exit-force.
+
+ * A pair of LogRateLimitIntervalSec=/LogRateLimitBurst= per-service
+ options may now be used to configure the log rate limiting applied by
+ journald per-service.
+
+ * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "timespan" for parsing and
+ normalizing time span values (i.e. strings like "5min 7s 8us").
+
+ * systemd-analyze also gained a new verb "security" for analyzing the
+ security and sand-boxing settings of services in order to determine an
+ "exposure level" for them, indicating whether a service would benefit
+ from more sand-boxing options turned on for them.
+
+ * "systemd-analyze syscall-filter" will now also show system calls
+ supported by the local kernel but not included in any of the defined
+ groups.
+
+ * .nspawn files now understand the Ephemeral= setting, matching the
+ --ephemeral command line switch.
+
+ * sd-event gained the new APIs sd_event_source_get_floating() and
+ sd_event_source_set_floating() for controlling whether a specific
+ event source is "floating", i.e. destroyed along with the even loop
+ object itself.
+
+ * Unit objects on D-Bus gained a new "Refs" property that lists all
+ clients that currently have a reference on the unit, thus ensuring it
+ is not unloaded.
+
+ * The JoinControllers= option in system.conf is no longer supported, as
+ it didn't work correctly, is hard to support properly, is legacy (as
+ the concept only exists on cgroupsv1) and not used.
+
+ * Journal messages that are generated whenever a unit enters the failed
+ state are now recognizable with a unique MESSAGE_ID. Similar,
+ messages generated whenever a service process exits are now made
+ recognizable, too. A new recognizable is also added now whenever a
+ unit enters the "dead" state, on success.
+
+ * systemd-run gained a new switch --working-directory= for configuring
+ the working directory of the service to start. A shortcut -d is
+ equivalent, setting the working directory of the service to the
+ current working directory of the invoking program. The new --shell
+ (or just -S) option has been added for invoking the $SHELL of the
+ caller as a service, and implies --pty --same-dir --wait --collect
+ --service-type=exec. Or in other words, "systemd-run -S" is not the
+ quickest way to quickly get an interactive in a fully clean and
+ well-defined system service context.
+
+ * machinectl gained a new verb "import-fs" for importing an OS tree
+ from a directory. Moreover, when a directory or tarball is imported
+ and single top-level directory found with the OS itself below the OS
+ tree is automatically mangled and moved one level up.
+
+ * systemd-importd will no longer set up an implicit btrfs loop-back file
+ system on /var/lib/machines but use it if it is already set up.
+
+ * A new generator "systemd-run-generator" has been added. It will
+ synthesize a unit from one or more program command lines included in
+ the kernel command line. This is very useful in container managers
+ for example:
+
+ # systemd-nspawn -i someimage.raw -b systemd.run='"some command line"'
+
+ This will run "systemd-nspawn" on an image, invoke the specified
+ command line and immediately shut down the container again,
+ propagating the command line's exit code.
+
+ * The block device locking logic has been documented now:
+
+ https://systemd.io/BLOCK_DEVICE_LOCKING
+
+ * loginctl and machinectl now optionally output the various tables in
+ JSON using the --output= switch. It is our intention to add similar
+ support to systemctl and all other commands.
+
+ * udevadm's query and trigger verb now optionally take a .device unit
+ name as argument.
+
+ * systemd-udevd's network naming logic now understands a new
+ net.naming-scheme= kernel command line switch, which may be use to
+ pick a specific version of the naming scheme. This helps stabilizing
+ interface names even as systemd/udev are updated and the naming logic
+ is improved.
+
+ Contributions from: afg, Alan Jenkins, Aleksei Timofeyev, Alexander
+ Filippov, Alexander Kurtz, Alexey Bogdanenko, Andreas Henriksson,
+ Andrew Jorgensen, Anita Zhang, apnix-uk, Arkan49, Arseny Maslennikov,
+ asavah, Asbjørn Apeland, aszlig, Bastien Nocera, Ben Boeckel, Benedikt
+ Morbach, Benjamin Berg, Carlo Caione, Cedric Viou, Chen Qi, ChenQi1989,
+ Chris Chiu, Chris Down, Chris Morin, Christian Rebischke, Claudius
+ Ellsel, ColinGuthrie, dana, Daniel, Daniele Medri, Daniel Kahn Gillmor,
+ Daniel Rusek, Daniel van Vugt, Dariusz Gadomski, Dave Reisner, David
+ Anderson, Davide Cavalca, David Leeds, David Malcolm, David Strauss,
+ David Tardon, Dimitri John Ledkov, dj-kaktus, Dongsu Park, Elias
+ Probst, Emil Soleyman, Erik Kooistra, Ervin Peters, Evgeni Golov,
+ Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabrice Fontaine, Faheel Ahmad, faizalluthfi,
+ Felix Yan, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frank Schaefer, Frantisek
+ Sumsal, Gianluca Boiano, Giuseppe Scrivano, glitsj16, Hans de Goede,
+ Harald Hoyer, Harry Mallon, Harshit Jain, hellcp, Helmut Grohne, Henry
+ Tung, Hui Yiqun, imayoda, Insun Pyo, INSUN PYO, Iwan Timmer,
+ jambonmcyeah, Jan Janssen, Jan Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Jason
+ A. Donenfeld, javitoom, Jérémy Nouhaud, Jiuyang liu, João Paulo Rechi
+ Vita, Joe Hershberger, Joe Rayhawk, Joerg Behrmann, Joerg Steffens,
+ Jonas DOREL, Jon Ringle, Josh Soref, Julian Andres Klode, Jürg
+ Billeter, Keith Busch, killermoehre, Kirill Marinushkin, Lennart
+ Poettering, LennartPoettering, Liberasys, Lion Yang, Li Song, Lorenz
+ Hübschle-Schneider, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas Werkmeister, Ludwin Janvier,
+ Lukáš Nykrýn, Luke Shumaker, mal, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcin
+ Skarbek, Marco Trevisan (Treviño), Marian Cepok, Mario Hros, Marko
+ Myllynen, Markus Grimm, Martin Pitt, Martin Sobotka, Martin Wilck,
+ Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre, Matthew Leeds, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich,
+ Michael 'pbone' Pobega, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Michal Soltys,
+ Mike Gilbert, Mike Palmer, Muhammet Kara, Neal Gompa, Network Silence,
+ nikolas, NOGISAKA Sadata, Oliver Smith, Patrik Flykt, Pavel Hrdina,
+ Paweł Szewczyk, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, Ray Strode, remueller,
+ Renaud Métrich, Roman Gushchin, Ronny Chevalier, Rubén Suárez Alvarez,
+ Ruixin Bao, RussianNeuroMancer, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Saleem Rashid,
+ Samuel Morris, Sandy, scootergrisen, seb128, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn
+ Landden, Shengyao Xue, Shih-Yuan Lee (FourDollars), Sjoerd Simons,
+ Stephen Gallagher, Steven Allen, Steve Ramage, Susant Sahani, Sven
+ Joachim, Sylvain Plantefève, TanuKaskinen, Tejun Heo, Thiago Macieira,
+ Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tim Ruffing, TJ,
+ Tobias Jungel, Todd Walton, Tommi Rantala, Tomsod M, Tony Novak,
+ Trevonn, Victor Laskurain, Victor Tapia, Violet Halo, Vojtech Trefny,
+ welaq, William A. Kennington III, William Douglas, Wyatt Ward, Xiang
+ Fan, Xi Ruoyao, Xuanwo, Yann E. MORIN, YmrDtnJu, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhang Xianwei, Zsolt Dollenstein
+
+ — Somewhere, 2018-xx-yy
+
CHANGES WITH 239:
* NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE NAMING CHANGES: systemd-udevd's "net_id"
projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / commitdiff
