+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 2000 Andreas Dilger (adilger@turbolinux.com)
-.\"
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.TH BLKID 8 "March 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-blkid \- locate/print block device attributes
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.IP \fBblkid\fR
-.BI \-\-label " label"
-|
-.BI \-\-uuid " uuid"
-
-.IP \fBblkid\fR
-.RB [ \-\-no\-encoding
-.B \-\-garbage\-collect \-\-list\-one \-\-cache\-file
-.IR file ]
-.RB [ \-\-output
-.IR format ]
-.RB [ \-\-match\-tag
-.IR tag ]
-.RB [ \-\-match\-token
-.IR NAME=value ]
-.RI [ device " ...]"
-
-.IP \fBblkid\fR
-.BR \-\-probe " [" \-\-offset
-.IR offset ]
-.RB [ \-\-output
-.IR format ]
-.RB [ \-\-size
-.IR size ]
-.RB [ \-\-match\-tag
-.IR tag ]
-.RB [ \-\-match\-types
-.IR list ]
-.RB [ \-\-usages
-.IR list ]
-.RB [ \-\-no\-part\-details ]
-.IR device " ..."
-
-.IP \fBblkid\fR
-.BR \-\-info " [" \-\-output
-.IR format ]
-.RB [ \-\-match\-tag
-.IR tag ]
-.IR device " ..."
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B blkid
-program is the command-line interface to working with the
-.BR libblkid (3)
-library. It can determine the type of content (e.g., filesystem or swap)
-that a block device holds, and also the attributes (tokens, NAME=value pairs)
-from the content metadata (e.g., LABEL or UUID fields).
-.PP
-.B It is recommended to use
-.BR lsblk (8)
-.B command to get information about block devices, or lsblk \-\-fs to get an overview of filesystems, or
-.BR findmnt (8)
-.B to search in already mounted filesystems.
-.PP
-.RS
-.BR lsblk (8)
-provides more information, better control on output formatting, easy to use in
-scripts and it does not require root permissions to get actual information.
-.B blkid
-reads information directly from devices and for non-root users
-it returns cached unverified information.
-.B blkid
-is mostly designed for system services and to test libblkid functionality.
-.RE
-
-.PP
-When
-.I device
-is specified, tokens from only this device are displayed.
-It is possible to specify multiple
-.I device
-arguments on the command line.
-If none is given, all partitions or unpartitioned devices which appear in
-.I /proc/partitions
-are shown, if they are recognized.
-.PP
-.B blkid
-has two main forms of operation: either searching for a device with a
-specific NAME=value pair, or displaying NAME=value pairs for one or
-more specified devices.
-
-For security reasons
-.B blkid
-silently ignores all devices where the probing result is ambivalent (multiple
-colliding filesystems are detected). The low-level probing mode (\fB\-p\fR)
-provides more information and extra exit status in this case.
-It's recommended to use
-.BR wipefs (8)
-to get a detailed overview and to erase obsolete stuff (magic strings) from the device.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-The \fIsize\fR and \fIoffset\fR arguments may be followed by the multiplicative
-suffixes like KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB
-(the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB"), or the suffixes
-KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.
-.TP
-\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-cache\-file\fR \fIcachefile\fR
-Read from
-.I cachefile
-instead of reading from the default cache file (see the CONFIGURATION FILE section
-for more details). If you want to start with a clean cache (i.e., don't report
-devices previously scanned but not necessarily available at this time), specify
-.IR /dev/null .
-.TP
-\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-no\-encoding\fR
-Don't encode non-printing characters. The non-printing characters are encoded
-by \(ha and M- notation by default. Note that the \fB\-\-output udev\fR output format uses
-a different encoding which cannot be disabled.
-.TP
-\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-no\-part\-details\fR
-Don't print information (PART_ENTRY_* tags) from partition table in low-level probing mode.
-.TP
-\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-garbage\-collect\fR
-Perform a garbage collection pass on the blkid cache to remove
-devices which no longer exist.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display a usage message and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-info\fR
-Display information about I/O Limits (aka I/O topology). The 'export' output format is
-automatically enabled. This option can be used together with the \fB\-\-probe\fR option.
-.TP
-\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-list\-filesystems\fR
-List all known filesystems and RAIDs and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\-one\fR
-Look up only one device that matches the search parameter specified with the \fB\-\-match\-token\fR
-option. If there are multiple devices that match the specified search
-parameter, then the device with the highest priority is returned, and/or
-the first device found at a given priority (but see below note about udev).
-Device types in order of decreasing priority are: Device Mapper, EVMS, LVM, MD,
-and finally regular block devices. If this option is not specified,
-.B blkid
-will print all of the devices that match the search parameter.
-.sp
-This option forces
-.B blkid
-to use udev when used for LABEL or UUID tokens in \fB\-\-match\-token\fR. The
-goal is to provide output consistent with other utils (like mount, etc.)
-on systems where the same tag is used for multiple devices.
-.TP
-\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-label\fR \fIlabel\fR
-Look up the device that uses this filesystem \fIlabel\fR; this is equal to
-.BR "\-\-list-one \-\-output device \-\-match-token LABEL=\fIlabel\fR" .
-This lookup method is able to reliably use /dev/disk/by-label
-udev symlinks (dependent on a setting in /etc/blkid.conf). Avoid using the
-symlinks directly; it is not reliable to use the symlinks without verification.
-The \fB-\-label\fR option works on systems with and without udev.
-
-Unfortunately, the original
-.BR blkid (8)
-from e2fsprogs uses the \fB\-L\fR option as a
-synonym for \fB\-o list\fR. For better portability, use \fB\-l \-o device
-\-t LABEL=\fIlabel\fR and \fB\-o list\fR in your scripts rather than the \fB\-L\fR option.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-match\-types\fR \fIlist\fR
-Restrict the probing functions to the specified (comma-separated) \fIlist\fR of
-superblock types (names).
-The list items may be prefixed with "no" to specify the types which should be ignored.
-For example:
-.sp
- blkid \-\-probe \-\-match-types vfat,ext3,ext4 /dev/sda1
-.sp
-probes for vfat, ext3 and ext4 filesystems, and
-.sp
- blkid \-\-probe \-\-match-types nominix /dev/sda1
-.sp
-probes for all supported formats except minix filesystems.
-This option is only useful together with \fB\-\-probe\fR.
-.TP
-\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output\fR \fIformat\fR
-Use the specified output format. Note that the order of variables and
-devices is not fixed. See also option \fB\-s\fR. The
-.I format
-parameter may be:
-.RS
-.TP
-.B full
-print all tags (the default)
-.TP
-.B value
-print the value of the tags
-.TP
-.B list
-print the devices in a user-friendly format; this output format is unsupported
-for low-level probing (\fB\-\-probe\fR or \fB\-\-info\fR).
-
-This output format is \fBDEPRECATED\fR in favour of the
-.BR lsblk (8)
-command.
-.TP
-.B device
-print the device name only; this output format is always enabled for the \fB\-\-label\fR
-and \fB\-\-uuid\fR options
-.TP
-.B udev
-print key="value" pairs for easy import into the udev environment; the keys are
-prefixed by ID_FS_ or ID_PART_ prefixes. The value may be modified to be
-safe for udev environment; allowed is plain ASCII, hex-escaping and valid UTF-8,
-everything else (including whitespaces) is replaced with '_'. The keys with
-_ENC postfix use hex-escaping for unsafe chars.
-
-The udev output returns the ID_FS_AMBIVALENT tag if more superblocks are detected,
-and ID_PART_ENTRY_* tags are always returned for all partitions including empty
-partitions.
-
-This output format is \fBDEPRECATED\fR.
-.TP
-.B export
-print key=value pairs for easy import into the environment; this output format
-is automatically enabled when I/O Limits (\fB\-\-info\fR option) are requested.
-
-The non-printing characters are encoded by \(ha and M- notation and all
-potentially unsafe characters are escaped.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-offset\fR \fIoffset\fR
-Probe at the given \fIoffset\fR (only useful with \fB\-\-probe\fR). This option can be
-used together with the \fB\-\-info\fR option.
-.TP
-\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-probe\fR
-Switch to low-level superblock probing mode (bypassing the cache).
-
-Note that low-level probing also returns information about partition table type
-(PTTYPE tag) and partitions (PART_ENTRY_* tags). The tag names produced by
-low-level probing are based on names used internally by libblkid and it may be
-different than when executed without \fB\-\-probe\fR (for example PART_ENTRY_UUID= vs
-PARTUUID=). See also \fB\-\-no\-part\-details\fR.
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-match\-tag\fR \fItag\fR
-For each (specified) device, show only the tags that match
-.IR tag .
-It is possible to specify multiple
-.B \-\-match\-tag
-options. If no tag is specified, then all tokens are shown for all
-(specified) devices.
-In order to just refresh the cache without showing any tokens, use
-.B "\-\-match\-tag none"
-with no other options.
-.TP
-\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR \fIsize\fR
-Override the size of device/file (only useful with \fB\-\-probe\fR).
-.TP
-\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-match\-token\fR \fINAME=value\fR
-Search for block devices with tokens named
-.I NAME
-that have the value
-.IR value ,
-and display any devices which are found.
-Common values for
-.I NAME
-include
-.BR TYPE ,
-.BR LABEL ,
-and
-.BR UUID .
-If there are no devices specified on the command line, all block devices
-will be searched; otherwise only the specified devices are searched.
-.TP
-\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-usages\fR \fIlist\fR
-Restrict the probing functions to the specified (comma-separated) \fIlist\fR of "usage" types.
-Supported usage types are: filesystem, raid, crypto and other. The list items may be
-prefixed with "no" to specify the usage types which should be ignored. For example:
-.sp
- blkid \-\-probe \-\-usages filesystem,other /dev/sda1
-.sp
-probes for all filesystem and other (e.g., swap) formats, and
-.sp
- blkid \-\-probe \-\-usages noraid /dev/sda1
-.sp
-probes for all supported formats except RAIDs.
-This option is only useful together with \fB\-\-probe\fR.
-.TP
-\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-uuid\fR \fIuuid\fR
-Look up the device that uses this filesystem \fIuuid\fR. For more details see the
-\fB\-\-label\fR option.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version number and exit.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-If the specified device or device addressed by specified token (option
-\fB\-\-match\-token\fR) was found and it's possible to gather any information about the
-device, an exit status 0 is returned. Note the option \fB\-\-match\-tag\fR filters output
-tags, but it does not affect exit status.
-
-If the specified token was not found, or no (specified) devices could be
-identified, or it is impossible to gather any information about the device
-identifiers or device content an exit status of 2 is returned.
-
-For usage or other errors, an exit status of 4 is returned.
-
-If an ambivalent probing result was detected by low-level probing mode (\fB\-p\fR), an exit status of 8 is
-returned.
-.SH CONFIGURATION FILE
-The standard location of the
-.I /etc/blkid.conf
-config file can be overridden by the environment variable BLKID_CONF.
-The following options control the libblkid library:
-.TP
-.I SEND_UEVENT=<yes|not>
-Sends uevent when
-.I /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,partuuid,partlabel}/
-symlink does not match with LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID or PARTLABEL on the device. Default is "yes".
-.TP
-.I CACHE_FILE=<path>
-Overrides the standard location of the cache file. This setting can be
-overridden by the environment variable BLKID_FILE. Default is
-.IR /run/blkid/blkid.tab ,
-or
-.I /etc/blkid.tab
-on systems without a /run directory.
-.TP
-.I EVALUATE=<methods>
-Defines LABEL and UUID evaluation method(s). Currently, the libblkid library
-supports the "udev" and "scan" methods. More than one method may be specified in
-a comma-separated list. Default is "udev,scan". The "udev" method uses udev
-.I /dev/disk/by-*
-symlinks and the "scan" method scans all block devices from the
-.I /proc/partitions
-file.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP "Setting LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all enables debug output."
-.SH AUTHORS
-.B blkid
-was written by Andreas Dilger for libblkid and improved by Theodore Ts'o
-and Karel Zak.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR libblkid (3),
-.BR findfs (8),
-.BR lsblk (8),
-.BR wipefs (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The blkid command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-.\" Kim Letkeman.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)cal.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
-.\"
-.TH CAL 1 "January 2018" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-cal \- display a calendar
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B cal
-[options]
-.RI [[[ day ] " month" ] " year" ]
-.br
-.B cal
-[options]
-.RI [ "timestamp" | "monthname" ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B cal
-displays a simple calendar. If no arguments are specified, the current
-month is displayed.
-.sp
-The \fImonth\fR may be specified as a number (1-12), as a month name or as an
-abbreviated month name according to the current locales.
-.sp
-Two different calendar systems are used, Gregorian and Julian. These are
-nearly identical systems with Gregorian making a small adjustment to the
-frequency of leap years; this facilitates improved synchronization with solar
-events like the equinoxes. The Gregorian calendar reform was introduced in
-1582, but its adoption continued up to 1923. By default
-.B cal
-uses the adoption date of 3 Sept 1752. From that date forward the Gregorian
-calendar is displayed; previous dates use the Julian calendar system. 11 days
-were removed at the time of adoption to bring the calendar in sync with solar
-events. So Sept 1752 has a mix of Julian and Gregorian dates by which the 2nd
-is followed by the 14th (the 3rd through the 13th are absent).
-.sp
-Optionally, either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar may
-be used exclusively.
-.RB See\ \-\-reform\ below.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-1\fR, \fB\-\-one\fR
-Display single month output.
-(This is the default.)
-.TP
-\fB\-3\fR, \fB\-\-three\fR
-Display three months spanning the date.
-.TP
-\fB\-n , \-\-months\fR \fInumber\fR
-Display \fInumber\fR of months, starting from the month containing the date.
-.TP
-\fB\-S, \fB\-\-span\fR
-Display months spanning the date.
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sunday\fR
-Display Sunday as the first day of the week.
-.TP
-\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-monday\fR
-Display Monday as the first day of the week.
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-vertical\fR
-Display using a vertical layout (aka ncal mode).
-.TP
-.B \-\-iso
-Display the proleptic Gregorian calendar exclusively. This option does not affect
-week numbers and the first day of the week.
-.RB See\ \-\-reform\ below.
-.TP
-\fB\-j\fR, \fB\-\-julian\fR
-Use day-of-year numbering for all calendars. These are also called ordinal
-days. Ordinal days range from 1 to 366. This option does not switch from the
-Gregorian to the Julian calendar system, that is controlled by the
-.BR \-\-reform\ option.
-.sp
-Sometimes Gregorian calendars using ordinal dates are referred to as Julian
-calendars. This can be confusing due to the many date related conventions that
-use Julian in their name: (ordinal) julian date, julian (calendar) date,
-(astronomical) julian date, (modified) julian date, and more. This option is
-named julian, because ordinal days are identified as julian by the POSIX
-standard. However, be aware that
-.B cal
-also uses the Julian calendar system.
-.RB See\ DESCRIPTION\ above.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-reform\ val
-This option sets the adoption date of the Gregorian calendar reform. Calendar
-dates previous to reform use the Julian calendar system. Calendar dates
-after reform use the Gregorian calendar system. The argument
-.I val
-can be:
-.RS
-.IP \(bu 2
-.I 1752
-- sets 3 September 1752 as the reform date (default).
-This is when the Gregorian calendar reform was adopted by the British Empire.
-.IP \(bu 2
-.I gregorian
-- display Gregorian calendars exclusively. This special placeholder sets the
-reform date below the smallest year that
-.B cal
-can use; meaning all calendar output uses the Gregorian calendar system. This
-is called the proleptic Gregorian calendar, because dates prior to the calendar
-system's creation use extrapolated values.
-.IP \(bu 2
-.I iso
-- alias of
-.IR gregorian .
-The ISO 8601 standard for the representation of dates and times in information
-interchange requires using the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
-.IP \(bu 2
-.I julian
-- display Julian calendars exclusively. This special placeholder sets the reform date above the largest year that
-.B cal
-can use; meaning all
-calendar output uses the Julian calendar system.
-.PP
-.RB See\ \%DESCRIPTION\ above.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fB\-y\fR, \fB\-\-year\fR
-Display a calendar for the whole year.
-.TP
-\fB\-Y, \fB\-\-twelve\fR
-Display a calendar for the next twelve months.
-.TP
-\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-week\fR[=\fInumber\fR]
-Display week numbers in the calendar (US or ISO-8601). See NOTES section
-for more details.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIwhen\fR]
-Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP
-can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted,
-it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default
-see the \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fR section.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH PARAMETERS
-.TP
-\fBSingle digits-only parameter (e.g., 'cal 2020')\fR
-Specifies the \fIyear\fR to be displayed; note the year must be fully specified:
-.B "cal 89"
-will not display a calendar for 1989.
-.TP
-\fBSingle string parameter (e.g., 'cal tomorrow' or 'cal August')\fR
-Specifies \fItimestamp\fR or a \fImonth name\fR (or abbreviated name) according to the current
-locales.
-.sp
-The special placeholders are accepted when parsing timestamp, "now" may be used
-to refer to the current time, "today", "yesterday", "tomorrow" refer to of the
-current day, the day before or the next day, respectively.
-.sp
-The relative date specifications are also accepted, in this case "+" is
-evaluated to the current time plus the specified time span. Correspondingly, a
-time span that is prefixed with "-" is evaluated to the current time minus the
-specified time span, for example '+2days'. Instead of prefixing the time span
-with "+" or "-", it may also be suffixed with a space and the word "left" or
-"ago" (for example '1 week ago').
-.TP
-\fBTwo parameters (e.g., 'cal 11 2020')\fR
-Denote the \fImonth\fR (1 - 12) and \fIyear\fR.
-.TP
-\fBThree parameters (e.g., 'cal 25 11 2020')\fR
-Denote the \fIday\fR (1-31), \fImonth and \fIyear\fR, and the day will be
-highlighted if the calendar is displayed on a terminal. If no parameters are
-specified, the current month's calendar is displayed.
-.SH NOTES
-A year starts on January 1. The first day of the week is determined by the
-locale or the
-.BR \-\-sunday \ and \ \-\-monday \ options.
-.PP
-The week numbering depends on the choice of the first day of the week. If it
-is Sunday then the customary North American numbering is used, where 1 January
-is in week number 1. If it is Monday (\fB\-m\fR) then the ISO 8601 standard week
-numbering is used, where the first Thursday is in week number 1.
-.SH COLORS
-Implicit coloring can be disabled as follows:
-.RS
-
-.B touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/cal.disable
-
-.RE
-See
-.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
-for more details about colorization configuration.
-.SH HISTORY
-A cal command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
-.SH BUGS
-The default
-.B cal
-output uses 3 September 1752 as the Gregorian calendar reform date. The
-historical reform dates for the other locales, including its introduction in
-October 1582, are not implemented.
-.PP
-Alternative calendars, such as the Umm al-Qura, the Solar Hijri, the Ge'ez,
-or the lunisolar Hindu, are not supported.
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The cal command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc.
-.\"
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.TH FINCORE 1 "March 2017" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-fincore \- count pages of file contents in core
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fincore
-[options]
-.I file ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B fincore
-counts pages of file contents being resident in memory (in core), and reports
-the numbers. If an error occurs during counting, then an error message is
-printed to the stderr and
-.B fincore
-continues processing the rest of files listed in a command line.
-
-The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should
-avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected
-columns by using
-.B \-\-output
-.I columns-list
-in environments where a stable output is required.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line in status output.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes"
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output \fIlist\fP"
-Define output columns. See the \fB\-\-help\fP output to get a list of the
-currently supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-raw"
-Produce output in raw format. All potentially unsafe characters are hex-escaped
-(\\x<code>).
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json"
-Use JSON output format.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT yamato@\:redhat.com
-Masatake YAMATO
-.ME
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mincore (2),
-.BR getpagesize (2),
-.BR getconf (1p)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fincore command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.\"
-.TH FINDFS 8 "March 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-findfs \- find a filesystem by label or UUID
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B findfs
-.BI NAME= value
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B findfs
-will search the block devices in the system looking for a filesystem or
-partition with specified tag. The currently supported tags are:
-.TP
-.B LABEL=<label>
-Specifies filesystem label.
-.TP
-.B UUID=<uuid>
-Specifies filesystem UUID.
-.TP
-.B PARTUUID=<uuid>
-Specifies partition UUID. This partition identifier is supported for example for
-GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition tables.
-.TP
-.B PARTLABEL=<label>
-Specifies partition label (name). The partition labels are supported for example for
-GUID Partition Table (GPT) or MAC partition tables.
-.PP
-If the filesystem or partition is found, the device name will be printed on
-stdout.
-
-The complete overview about filesystems and partitions you can get for example
-by
-.RS
-
-.B lsblk \-\-fs
-
-.B partx --show <disk>
-
-.B blkid
-
-.RE
-
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 1
-label or uuid cannot be found
-.TP
-.B 2
-usage error, wrong number of arguments or unknown option
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.B findfs
-was originally written by
-.MT tytso@mit.edu
-Theodore Ts'o
-.ME
-and re-written for the util-linux package by
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR blkid (8),
-.BR lsblk (8),
-.BR partx (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The findfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH FINDMNT 8 "May 2018" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-findmnt \- find a filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B findmnt
-[options]
-.sp
-.B findmnt
-[options]
-.IR device | mountpoint
-.sp
-.B findmnt
-[options]
-.RB [ \-\-source ]
-.I device
-.RB [ \-\-target | \-\-mountpoint ]
-.I mountpoint
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B findmnt
-will list all mounted filesystems or search for a filesystem. The
-.B \%findmnt
-command is able to search in
-.IR /etc/fstab ,
-.I /etc/mtab
-or
-.IR /proc/self/mountinfo .
-If
-.I device
-or
-.I mountpoint
-is not given, all filesystems are shown.
-.PP
-The device may be specified by device name, major:minor numbers,
-filesystem label or UUID, or partition label or UUID. Note that
-.B \%findmnt
-follows
-.BR mount (8)
-behavior where a device name may be interpreted
-as a mountpoint (and vice versa) if the \fB\-\-target\fR, \fB\-\-mountpoint\fR or
-\fB\-\-source\fR options are not specified.
-.PP
-The command prints all mounted filesystems in the tree-like format by default.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-A , " \-\-all"
-Disable all built-in filters and print all filesystems.
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-ascii"
-Use ascii characters for tree formatting.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes"
-Print the SIZE, USED and AVAIL columns in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.
-.TP
-.BR \-C , " \-\-nocanonicalize"
-Do not canonicalize paths at all. This option affects the comparing of paths
-and the evaluation of tags (LABEL, UUID, etc.).
-.TP
-.BR \-c , " \-\-canonicalize"
-Canonicalize all printed paths.
-.TP
-.BR \-D , " \-\-df"
-Imitate the output of
-.BR df (1).
-This option is equivalent to
-.B \-o\ SOURCE,FSTYPE,SIZE,USED,AVAIL,USE%,TARGET
-but excludes all pseudo filesystems.
-Use \fB\-\-all\fP to print all filesystems.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-direction \fIword\fP"
-The search direction, either
-.B forward
-or
-.BR backward .
-.TP
-.BR \-e , " \-\-evaluate"
-Convert all tags (LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID or PARTLABEL) to the corresponding device names.
-.TP
-.BR \-F , " \-\-tab\-file \fIpath\fP"
-Search in an alternative file. If used with \fB\-\-fstab\fP, \fB\-\-mtab\fP
-or \fB\-\-kernel\fP, then it overrides the default paths. If specified more
-than once, then tree-like output is disabled (see the \fB\-\-list\fP option).
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-first\-only"
-Print the first matching filesystem only.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-invert"
-Invert the sense of matching.
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json"
-Use JSON output format.
-.TP
-.BR \-k , " \-\-kernel"
-Search in
-.IR /proc/self/mountinfo .
-The output is in the tree-like format. This is the default. The output
-contains only mount options maintained by kernel (see also \fB\-\-mtab)\fP.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-list"
-Use the list output format. This output format is automatically enabled if the
-output is restricted by the \fB\-t\fP, \fB\-O\fP, \fB\-S\fP or \fB\-T\fP
-option and the option \fB\-\-submounts\fP is not used or if more that one
-source file (the option \fB\-F\fP) is specified.
-.TP
-.BR \-M , " \-\-mountpoint \fIpath\fP"
-Explicitly define the mountpoint file or directory. See also \fB\-\-target\fP.
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-\-mtab"
-Search in
-.IR /etc/mtab .
-The output is in the list format by default (see \fB\-\-tree\fP). The output may include user
-space mount options.
-.TP
-.BR \-N , " \-\-task \fItid\fP"
-Use alternative namespace /proc/<tid>/mountinfo rather than the default
-/proc/self/mountinfo. If the option is specified more than once, then
-tree-like output is disabled (see the \fB\-\-list\fP option). See also the
-.BR unshare (1)
-command.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-.BR \-O , " \-\-options \fIlist\fP"
-Limit the set of printed filesystems. More than one option
-may be specified in a comma-separated list. The
-.B \-t
-and
-.B \-O
-options are cumulative in effect. It is different from
-.B \-t
-in that each option is matched exactly; a leading
-.I no
-at the beginning does not have global meaning. The "no" can used for
-individual items in the list. The "no" prefix interpretation can be disabled
-by "+" prefix.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output \fIlist\fP"
-Define output columns. See the \fB\-\-help\fP output to get a list of the
-currently supported columns. The
-.B TARGET
-column contains tree formatting if the
-.B \-\-list
-or
-.B \-\-raw
-options are not specified.
-
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fBfindmnt \-o +PROPAGATION\fP).
-.TP
-.B \-\-output\-all
-Output almost all available columns. The columns that require
-.B \-\-poll
-are not included.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-pairs"
-Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex-escaped (\\x<code>).
-The key (variable name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell variable
-identifiers, for example, FS_OPTIONS and USE_PCT instead of FS-OPTIONS and USE%.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-poll\fR[\fI=list\fR]"
-Monitor changes in the /proc/self/mountinfo file. Supported actions are: mount,
-umount, remount and move. More than one action may be specified in a
-comma-separated list. All actions are monitored by default.
-
-The time for which \fB\-\-poll\fR will block can be restricted with the \fB\-\-timeout\fP
-or \fB\-\-first\-only\fP options.
-
-The standard columns always use the new version of the information from the
-mountinfo file, except the umount action which is based on the original
-information cached by
-.BR findmnt (8).
-The poll mode allows using extra columns:
-.RS
-.TP
-.B ACTION
-mount, umount, move or remount action name; this column is enabled by default
-.TP
-.B OLD-TARGET
-available for umount and move actions
-.TP
-.B OLD-OPTIONS
-available for umount and remount actions
-.RE
-.TP
-.B \-\-pseudo
-Print only pseudo filesystems.
-.TP
-.BR \-R , " \-\-submounts"
-Print recursively all submounts for the selected filesystems. The restrictions
-defined by options \fB\-t\fP, \fB\-O\fP, \fB\-S\fP, \fB\-T\fP and
-\fB\%\-\-direction\fP are not applied to submounts. All submounts are always
-printed in tree-like order. The option enables the tree-like output format by
-default. This option has no effect for \fB\-\-mtab\fP or \fB\-\-fstab\fP.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-raw"
-Use raw output format. All potentially unsafe characters are hex-escaped (\\x<code>).
-.TP
-.B \-\-real
-Print only real filesystems.
-.TP
-.BR \-S , " \-\-source \fIspec\fP"
-Explicitly define the mount source. Supported specifications are \fIdevice\fR,
-\fImaj\fB:\fImin\fR, \fBLABEL=\fIlabel\fR, \fBUUID=\fIuuid\fR,
-\fBPARTLABEL=\fIlabel\fR and \fBPARTUUID=\fIuuid\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-fstab"
-Search in
-.IR /etc/fstab .
-The output is in the list format (see \fB\-\-list\fR).
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-target \fIpath\fP"
-Define the mount target. If \fIpath\fR
-is not a mountpoint file or directory, then
-.B findmnt
-checks the \fIpath\fR elements in reverse order to get the mountpoint (this feature is
-supported only when searching in kernel files and unsupported for \fB\-\-fstab\fP). It's
-recommended to use the option \fB\-\-mountpoint\fR when checks of \fIpath\fR elements are
-unwanted and \fIpath\fR is a strictly specified mountpoint.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-types \fIlist\fP"
-Limit the set of printed filesystems. More than one type may be
-specified in a comma-separated list. The list of filesystem types can be
-prefixed with
-.B no
-to specify the filesystem types on which no action should be taken. For
-more details see
-.BR mount (8).
-.TP
-.B \-\-tree
-Enable tree-like output if possible. The options is silently ignored for
-tables where is missing child-parent relation (e.g., fstab).
-.TP
-.BR \-U , " \-\-uniq"
-Ignore filesystems with duplicate mount targets, thus effectively skipping
-over-mounted mount points.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-notruncate"
-Do not truncate text in columns. The default is to not truncate the
-.BR TARGET ,
-.BR SOURCE ,
-.BR UUID ,
-.BR LABEL ,
-.BR PARTUUID ,
-.B PARTLABEL
-columns. This option disables text truncation also in all other columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-nofsroot"
-Do not print a [/dir] in the SOURCE column for bind mounts or btrfs subvolumes.
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-timeout \fImilliseconds\fP"
-Specify an upper limit on the time for which \fB\-\-poll\fR will block, in milliseconds.
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-verify"
-Check mount table content. The default is to verify
-.I /etc/fstab
-parsability and usability. It's possible to use this option also with \fB\-\-tab\-file\fP.
-It's possible to specify source (device) or target (mountpoint) to filter mount table. The option
-\fB\-\-verbose\fP forces findmnt to print more details.
-.TP
-.B \-\-verbose
-Force findmnt to print more information (\fB\-\-verify\fP only for now).
-.TP
-.B \-\-vfs-all
-When used with
-.BR VFS-OPTIONS
-column, print all VFS (fs-independent) flags. This option is designed for auditing purposes to
-list also default VFS kernel mount options which are normally not listed.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<path>
-overrides the default location of the fstab file
-.IP LIBMOUNT_MTAB=<path>
-overrides the default location of the mtab file
-.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
-enables libmount debug output
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
-use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-fstab \-t nfs\fP"
-Prints all NFS filesystems defined in
-.IR /etc/fstab .
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-fstab /mnt/foo\fP"
-Prints all
-.I /etc/fstab
-filesystems where the mountpoint directory is /mnt/foo. It also prints bind mounts where /mnt/foo
-is a source.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-fstab \-\-target /mnt/foo\fP"
-Prints all
-.I /etc/fstab
-filesystems where the mountpoint directory is /mnt/foo.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-fstab \-\-evaluate\fP"
-Prints all
-.I /etc/fstab
-filesystems and converts LABEL= and UUID= tags to the real device names.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-n \-\-raw \-\-evaluate \-\-output=target LABEL=/boot\fP"
-Prints only the mountpoint where the filesystem with label "/boot" is mounted.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-poll \-\-mountpoint /mnt/foo\fP"
-Monitors mount, unmount, remount and move on /mnt/foo.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-poll=umount \-\-first-only \-\-mountpoint /mnt/foo\fP"
-Waits for /mnt/foo unmount.
-.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-poll=remount \-t ext3 \-O ro\fP"
-Monitors remounts to read-only mode on all ext3 filesystems.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.nf
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.fi
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fstab (5),
-.BR mount (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The findmnt command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.TH GETOPT "1" "December 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-getopt \- parse command options (enhanced)
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B getopt
-.I optstring parameters
-.br
-.B getopt
-[options]
-.RB [ \-\- ]
-.I optstring parameters
-.br
-.B getopt
-[options]
-.BR \-o | \-\-options
-.I optstring
-[options]
-.RB [ \-\- ]
-.I parameters
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B getopt
-is used to break up
-.RI ( parse )
-options in command lines for easy parsing by shell procedures, and to
-check for valid options. It uses the
-.SM GNU
-.BR getopt (3)
-routines to do this.
-.PP
-The parameters
-.B getopt
-is called with can be divided into two parts: options which modify
-the way
-.B getopt
-will do the parsing
-.RI "(the " options
-and the
-.I optstring
-in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS ),
-and the parameters which are to be parsed
-.RI ( parameters
-in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS ).
-The second part will start at the first non\-option parameter that is
-not an option argument, or after the first occurrence of
-.RB ' \-\- '.
-If no
-.RB ' \-o '
-or
-.RB ' \-\-options '
-option is found in the first part, the first parameter of the second
-part is used as the short options string.
-.PP
-If the environment variable
-.B GETOPT_COMPATIBLE
-is set, or if the first
-.I parameter
-is not an option (does not start with a
-.RB ' \- ',
-the first format in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS ),
-.B getopt
-will generate output that is compatible with that of other versions of
-.BR getopt (1).
-It will still do parameter shuffling and recognize optional arguments
-(see section
-.B COMPATIBILITY
-for more information).
-.PP
-Traditional implementations of
-.BR getopt (1)
-are unable to cope with whitespace and other (shell-specific)
-special characters in arguments and non\-option parameters. To solve
-this problem, this implementation can generate quoted output which
-must once again be interpreted by the shell (usually by using the
-.B eval
-command). This has the effect of preserving those characters, but
-you must call
-.B getopt
-in a way that is no longer compatible with other versions (the second
-or third format in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS ).
-To determine whether this enhanced version of
-.BR getopt (1)
-is installed, a special test option
-.RB ( \-T )
-can be used.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-alternative"
-Allow long options to start with a single
-.RB ' \- '.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit. No other output is generated.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-longoptions \fIlongopts\fP"
-The long (multi\-character) options to be recognized. More than one
-option name may be specified at once, by separating the names with
-commas. This option may be given more than once, the
-.I longopts
-are cumulative. Each long option name in
-.I longopts
-may be followed by one colon to indicate it has a required argument,
-and by two colons to indicate it has an optional argument.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-name \fIprogname\fP"
-The name that will be used by the
-.BR getopt (3)
-routines when it reports errors. Note that errors of
-.BR getopt (1)
-are still reported as coming from getopt.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-options \fIshortopts\fP"
-The short (one\-character) options to be recognized. If this option
-is not found, the first parameter of
-.B getopt
-that does not start with a
-.RB ' \- '
-(and is not an option argument) is used as the short options string.
-Each short option character in
-.I shortopts
-may be followed by one colon to indicate it has a required argument,
-and by two colons to indicate it has an optional argument. The first
-character of shortopts may be
-.RB ' + '
-or
-.RB ' \- '
-to influence the way options are parsed and output is generated (see
-section
-.B SCANNING MODES
-for details).
-.TP
-.BR \-q , " \-\-quiet"
-Disable error reporting by getopt(3).
-.TP
-.BR \-Q , " \-\-quiet\-output"
-Do not generate normal output. Errors are still reported by
-.BR getopt (3),
-unless you also use
-.BR \-q .
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-shell \fIshell\fP"
-Set quoting conventions to those of
-.IR shell .
-If the \fB\-s\fR option is not given, the
-.SM BASH
-conventions are used. Valid arguments are currently
-.RB ' sh '
-.RB ' bash ',
-.RB ' csh ',
-and
-.RB ' tcsh '.
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-test"
-Test if your
-.BR getopt (1)
-is this enhanced version or an old version. This generates no
-output, and sets the error status to 4. Other implementations of
-.BR getopt (1),
-and this version if the environment variable
-.B GETOPT_COMPATIBLE
-is set, will return
-.RB ' \-\- '
-and error status 0.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-unquoted"
-Do not quote the output. Note that whitespace and special
-(shell-dependent) characters can cause havoc in this mode (like they
-do with other
-.BR getopt (1)
-implementations).
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit. No other output is generated.
-.SH PARSING
-This section specifies the format of the second part of the
-parameters of
-.B getopt
-(the
-.I parameters
-in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS ).
-The next section
-.RB ( OUTPUT )
-describes the output that is generated. These parameters were
-typically the parameters a shell function was called with. Care must
-be taken that each parameter the shell function was called with
-corresponds to exactly one parameter in the parameter list of
-.B getopt
-(see the
-.BR EXAMPLES ).
-All parsing is done by the GNU
-.BR getopt (3)
-routines.
-.PP
-The parameters are parsed from left to right. Each parameter is
-classified as a short option, a long option, an argument to an
-option, or a non\-option parameter.
-.PP
-A simple short option is a
-.RB ' \- '
-followed by a short option character. If the option has a required
-argument, it may be written directly after the option character or as
-the next parameter (i.e., separated by whitespace on the command
-line). If the option has an optional argument, it must be written
-directly after the option character if present.
-.PP
-It is possible to specify several short options after one
-.RB ' \- ',
-as long as all (except possibly the last) do not have required or
-optional arguments.
-.PP
-A long option normally begins with
-.RB ' \-\- '
-followed by the long option name. If the option has a required
-argument, it may be written directly after the long option name,
-separated by
-.RB ' = ',
-or as the next argument (i.e., separated by whitespace on the command
-line). If the option has an optional argument, it must be written
-directly after the long option name, separated by
-.RB ' = ',
-if present (if you add the
-.RB ' = '
-but nothing behind it, it is interpreted as if no argument was
-present; this is a slight bug, see the
-.BR BUGS ).
-Long options may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not
-ambiguous.
-.PP
-Each parameter not starting with a
-.RB ' \- ',
-and not a required argument of a previous option, is a non\-option
-parameter. Each parameter after a
-.RB ' \-\- '
-parameter is always interpreted as a non\-option parameter. If the
-environment variable
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-is set, or if the short option string started with a
-.RB ' + ',
-all remaining parameters are interpreted as non\-option parameters as
-soon as the first non\-option parameter is found.
-.SH OUTPUT
-Output is generated for each element described in the previous
-section. Output is done in the same order as the elements are
-specified in the input, except for non\-option parameters. Output
-can be done in
-.I compatible
-.RI ( unquoted )
-mode, or in such way that whitespace and other special characters
-within arguments and non\-option parameters are preserved (see
-.BR QUOTING ).
-When the output is processed in the shell script, it will seem to be
-composed of distinct elements that can be processed one by one (by
-using the shift command in most shell languages). This is imperfect
-in unquoted mode, as elements can be split at unexpected places if
-they contain whitespace or special characters.
-.PP
-If there are problems parsing the parameters, for example because a
-required argument is not found or an option is not recognized, an
-error will be reported on stderr, there will be no output for the
-offending element, and a non\-zero error status is returned.
-.PP
-For a short option, a single
-.RB ' \- '
-and the option character are generated as one parameter. If the
-option has an argument, the next parameter will be the argument. If
-the option takes an optional argument, but none was found, the next
-parameter will be generated but be empty in quoting mode, but no
-second parameter will be generated in unquoted (compatible) mode.
-Note that many other
-.BR getopt (1)
-implementations do not support optional arguments.
-.PP
-If several short options were specified after a single
-.RB ' \- ',
-each will be present in the output as a separate parameter.
-.PP
-For a long option,
-.RB ' \-\- '
-and the full option name are generated as one parameter. This is
-done regardless whether the option was abbreviated or specified with
-a single
-.RB ' \- '
-in the input. Arguments are handled as with short options.
-.PP
-Normally, no non\-option parameters output is generated until all
-options and their arguments have been generated. Then
-.RB ' \-\- '
-is generated as a single parameter, and after it the non\-option
-parameters in the order they were found, each as a separate
-parameter. Only if the first character of the short options string
-was a
-.RB ' \- ',
-non\-option parameter output is generated at the place they are found
-in the input (this is not supported if the first format of the
-.B SYNOPSIS
-is used; in that case all preceding occurrences of
-.RB ' \- '
-and
-.RB ' + '
-are ignored).
-.SH QUOTING
-In compatible mode, whitespace or 'special' characters in arguments
-or non\-option parameters are not handled correctly. As the output
-is fed to the shell script, the script does not know how it is
-supposed to break the output into separate parameters. To circumvent
-this problem, this implementation offers quoting. The idea is that
-output is generated with quotes around each parameter. When this
-output is once again fed to the shell (usually by a shell
-.B eval
-command), it is split correctly into separate parameters.
-.PP
-Quoting is not enabled if the environment variable
-.B GETOPT_COMPATIBLE
-is set, if the first form of the
-.B SYNOPSIS
-is used, or if the option
-.RB ' \-u '
-is found.
-.PP
-Different shells use different quoting conventions. You can use the
-.RB ' \-s '
-option to select the shell you are using. The following shells are
-currently supported:
-.RB ' sh ',
-.RB ' bash ',
-.RB ' csh '
-and
-.RB ' tcsh '.
-Actually, only two 'flavors' are distinguished: sh\-like quoting
-conventions and csh\-like quoting conventions. Chances are that if
-you use another shell script language, one of these flavors can still
-be used.
-.SH "SCANNING MODES"
-The first character of the short options string may be a
-.RB ' \- '
-or a
-.RB ' + '
-to indicate a special scanning mode. If the first calling form in
-the
-.B SYNOPSIS
-is used they are ignored; the environment variable
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-is still examined, though.
-.PP
-If the first character is
-.RB ' + ',
-or if the environment variable
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-is set, parsing stops as soon as the first non\-option parameter
-(i.e., a parameter that does not start with a
-.RB ' \- ')
-is found that is not an option argument. The remaining parameters
-are all interpreted as non\-option parameters.
-.PP
-If the first character is a
-.RB ' \- ',
-non\-option parameters are outputted at the place where they are
-found; in normal operation, they are all collected at the end of
-output after a
-.RB ' \-\- '
-parameter has been generated. Note that this
-.RB ' \-\- '
-parameter is still generated, but it will always be the last
-parameter in this mode.
-.SH COMPATIBILITY
-This version of
-.BR getopt (1)
-is written to be as compatible as possible to other versions.
-Usually you can just replace them with this version without any
-modifications, and with some advantages.
-.PP
-If the first character of the first parameter of getopt is not a
-.RB ' \- ',
-.B getopt
-goes into compatibility mode. It will interpret its first
-parameter as the string of short options, and all other arguments
-will be parsed. It will still do parameter shuffling (i.e., all
-non\-option parameters are output at the end), unless the
-environment variable
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-is set, in which case,
-.B getopt
-will prepend a
-.RB ' + '
-before short options automatically.
-.PP
-The environment variable
-.B GETOPT_COMPATIBLE
-forces
-.B getopt
-into compatibility mode. Setting both this environment variable and
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-offers 100% compatibility for 'difficult' programs. Usually, though,
-neither is needed.
-.PP
-In compatibility mode, leading
-.RB ' \- '
-and
-.RB ' + '
-characters in the short options string are ignored.
-.SH RETURN CODES
-.B getopt
-returns error code
-.B 0
-for successful parsing,
-.B 1
-if
-.BR getopt (3)
-returns errors,
-.B 2
-if it does not understand its own parameters,
-.B 3
-if an internal error occurs like out\-of\-memory, and
-.B 4
-if it is called with
-.BR \-T .
-.SH EXAMPLES
-Example scripts for (ba)sh and (t)csh are provided with the
-.BR getopt (1)
-distribution, and are installed in
-.I @docdir@
-directory.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP POSIXLY_CORRECT
-This environment variable is examined by the
-.BR getopt (3)
-routines. If it is set, parsing stops as soon as a parameter is
-found that is not an option or an option argument. All remaining
-parameters are also interpreted as non\-option parameters, regardless
-whether they start with a
-.RB ' \- '.
-.IP GETOPT_COMPATIBLE
-Forces
-.B getopt
-to use the first calling format as specified in the
-.BR SYNOPSIS .
-.SH BUGS
-.BR getopt (3)
-can parse long options with optional arguments that are given an
-empty optional argument (but cannot do this for short options).
-This
-.BR getopt (1)
-treats optional arguments that are empty as if they were not present.
-.PP
-The syntax if you do not want any short option variables at all is
-not very intuitive (you have to set them explicitly to the empty
-string).
-.SH AUTHOR
-.MT frodo@frodo.looijaard.name
-Frodo Looijaard
-.ME
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR bash (1),
-.BR tcsh (1),
-.BR getopt (3)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The getopt command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (C) 2008 - 2012 Julian Andres Klode. See hardlink.c for license.
-.\" Copyright (C) 2021 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.TH HARDLINK 1 "February 2021" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-hardlink \- link multiple copies of a file
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B hardlink
-[ options ]
-.RI [ directory | file ]...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B hardlink
-is a tool which replaces copies of a file with hardlinks, therefore saving
-space.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-h ,\ \-\-help
-print quick usage details to the screen.
-.TP
-.BR \-v ,\ \-\-verbose
-More verbose output. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed,
-if specified twice, it also shows every comparison.
-.TP
-.BR \-q ,\ \-\-quiet
-Quiet mode, don't print anything.
-.TP
-.B \-n ,\ \-\-dry\-run
-Do not act, just print what would happen
-.TP
-.BR \-f ,\ \-\-respect\-name
-Only try to link files with the same (basename). It's strongly recommended to
-use long options rather than \fI\-f\fR which is interpreted in a different way
-by others hardlink implementations.
-.TP
-.BR \-p ,\ \-\-ignore\-mode
-Link/compare files even if their mode is different. This may be a bit unpredictable.
-.TP
-.BR \-o ,\ \-\-ignore\-owner
-Link/compare files even if their owner (user and group) is different. It is not
-predictable
-.TP
-.BR \-t ,\ \-\-ignore\-time
-Link/compare files even if their time of modification is different. You almost
-always want this.
-.TP
-.BR \-X , \-\-respect\-xattrs
-Only try to link files with the same extended attributes.
-.TP
-.BR \-m ,\ \-\-maximize
-Among equal files, keep the file with the highest link count.
-.TP
-.BR \-M ,\ \-\-minimize
-Among equal files, keep the file with the lowest link count.
-.TP
-.BR \-O ,\ \-\-keep\-oldest
-Among equal files, keep the oldest file (least recent modification time). By
-default, the newest file is kept. If \-\-maximize or \-\-minimize is specified,
-the link count has a higher precedence than the time of modification.
-.TP
-.BR \-x ,\ \-\-exclude\ \fIregex\fP
-A regular expression which excludes files from being compared and linked.
-.TP
-.BR \-i ,\ \-\-include\ \fIregex\fP
-A regular expression to include files. If the option \-\-exclude has been given,
-this option re-includes files which would otherwise be excluded. If the option
-is used without \-\-exclude, only files matched by the pattern are included.
-.TP
-.BR \-s ,\ \-\-minimum\-size\ \fIsize\fP
-The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not
-be linked. The \fIsize\fR argument may be followed by the multiplicative
-suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB
-and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
-.SH ARGUMENTS
-.B hardlink
-takes one or more directories which will be searched for files to be linked.
-
-.SH BUGS
-The original hardlink implementation uses the option \fI\-f\fR to force
-hardlinks creation between filesystem. This very rarely usable feature
-is no more supported by the current hardlink.
-.PP
-.B hardlink
-assumes that the trees it operates on do not change during
-operation. If a tree does change, the result is undefined and potentially
-dangerous. For example, if a regular file is replaced by a device, hardlink
-may start reading from the device. If a component of a path is replaced by
-a symbolic link or file permissions change, security may be compromised. Do
-not run hardlink on a changing tree or on a tree controlled by another user.
-
-.SH AUTHOR
-There are multiple hardlink implementations. The very first implementation is
-from Jakub Jelinek for Fedora distribution, this implementation has been used
-in util-linux between versions v2.34 to v2.36. The current implementations is
-based on Debian version from Julian Andres Klode.
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The example command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
-
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1994 Salvatore Valente (svalente@mit.edu)
-.\" Copyright 1992 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH KILL 1 "November 2019" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-kill \- terminate a process
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B kill
-.RB [ \- \fIsignal\fR| \-s
-.IR signal | \fB\-p\fP ]
-.RB [ \-q
-.IR value ]
-.RB [ \-a ]
-\fR[\fB\-\-timeout \fImilliseconds signal\fR]
-.RB [ \-\- ]
-.IR pid | name ...
-.br
-.B kill \-l
-.RI [ number ]
-.RB "| " \-L
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The command
-.B kill
-sends the specified \fIsignal\fR to the specified processes or process groups.
-.PP
-If no signal is specified, the TERM signal is sent.
-The default action for this signal is to terminate the process.
-This signal should be used in preference to the
-KILL signal (number 9), since a process may install a handler for the
-TERM signal in order to perform clean-up steps before terminating in
-an orderly fashion.
-If a process does not terminate after a TERM signal has been sent,
-then the KILL signal may be used; be aware that the latter signal
-cannot be caught, and so does not give the target process the opportunity
-to perform any clean-up before terminating.
-.PP
-Most modern shells have a builtin
-.B kill
-command, with a usage rather similar to
-that of the command described here. The
-.BR \-\-all ,
-.BR \-\-pid ", and"
-.B \-\-queue
-options, and the possibility to specify processes by command name, are local extensions.
-.PP
-If \fIsignal\fR is 0, then no actual signal is sent, but error checking is still performed.
-
-.SH ARGUMENTS
-The list of processes to be signaled can be a mixture of names and PIDs.
-.TP
-.I pid
-Each
-.I pid
-can be expressed in one of the following ways:
-.RS
-.TP
-.I n
-where
-.I n
-is larger than 0. The process with PID
-.I n
-is signaled.
-.TP
-.B 0
-All processes in the current process group are signaled.
-.TP
-.B \-1
-All processes with a PID larger than 1 are signaled.
-.TP
-.BI \- n
-where
-.I n
-is larger than 1. All processes in process group
-.I n
-are signaled. When an argument of the form '\-n' is given, and it is meant to
-denote a process group, either a signal must be specified first, or the
-argument must be preceded by a '\-\-' option, otherwise it will be taken as the
-signal to send.
-.RE
-.TP
-.I name
-All processes invoked using this \fIname\fR will be signaled.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-signal\fR \fIsignal\fR
-The signal to send. It may be given as a name or a number.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR [\fInumber\fR]
-Print a list of signal names, or convert the given signal number to a name.
-The signals can be found in
-.IR /usr/\:include/\:linux/\:signal.h .
-.TP
-\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-table\fR
-Similar to \fB\-l\fR, but it will print signal names and their corresponding
-numbers.
-.TP
-\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
-Do not restrict the command-name-to-PID conversion to processes with the same
-UID as the present process.
-.TP
-\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pid\fR
-Only print the process ID (PID) of the named processes, do not send any
-signals.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-verbose\fR
-Print PID(s) that will be signaled with
-.B kill
-along with the signal.
-.TP
-\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-queue\fR \fIvalue\fR
-Send the signal using
-.BR sigqueue (3)
-rather than
-.BR kill (2).
-The
-.I value
-argument is an integer that is sent along with the signal. If the
-receiving process has installed a handler for this signal using the
-.B SA_SIGINFO
-flag to
-.BR sigaction (2),
-then it can obtain this data via the
-.I si_sigval
-field of the
-.I siginfo_t
-structure.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-timeout\fR \fImilliseconds signal\fR
-Send a signal defined in the usual way to a process,
-followed by an additional signal after a specified delay.
-The
-.B \-\-timeout
-option causes
-.B kill
-to wait for a period defined in
-.I milliseconds
-before sending a follow-up
-.I signal
-to the process.
-This feature is implemented using the Linux kernel
-PID file descriptor feature in order to guarantee that the follow-up signal
-is sent to the same process or not sent if the process no longer exists.
-.IP
-Note that the operating system may re-use PIDs and implementing an
-equivalent feature in a shell using
-.B kill
-and
-.B sleep
-would be subject to races whereby the follow-up signal might be sent
-to a different process that used a recycled PID.
-.IP
-The
-.B \-\-timeout
-option can be specified multiple times: the signals are sent
-sequentially with the specified timeouts. The
-.B \-\-timeout
-option can be combined with the
-.B \-\-queue
-option.
-.IP
-As an example, the following command sends
-the signals QUIT, TERM and KILL in sequence and waits for 1000
-milliseconds between sending the signals:
-.IP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-kill \-\-verbose \-\-timeout 1000 TERM \-\-timeout 1000 KILL \e
- \-\-signal QUIT 12345
-.EE
-.in
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.B kill
-has the following exit status values:
-.PP
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 1
-failure
-.TP
-.B 64
-partial success (when more than one process specified)
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH NOTES
-Although it is possible to specify the TID (thread ID, see
-.BR gettid (2))
-of one of the threads in a multithreaded process as the argument of
-.BR kill ,
-the signal is nevertheless directed to the process
-(i.e., the entire thread group).
-In other words, it is not possible to send a signal to an
-explicitly selected thread in a multithreaded process.
-The signal will be delivered to an arbitrarily selected thread
-in the target process that is not blocking the signal.
-For more details, see
-.BR signal (7)
-and the description of
-.B CLONE_THREAD
-in
-.BR clone (2).
-.P
-Various shells provide a builtin
-.B kill
-command that is
-preferred in relation to the
-.BR kill (1)
-executable described by this manual.
-The easiest way to ensure one is executing the command described in this page
-is to use the full path when calling the command, for example:
-.B "/bin/kill \-\-version"
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT svalente@mit.edu
-Salvatore Valente
-.ME
-.br
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME
-.br
-.PP
-The original version was taken from BSD 4.4.
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR bash (1),
-.BR tcsh (1),
-.BR sigaction (2),
-.BR kill (2),
-.BR sigqueue (3),
-.BR signal (7)
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The kill command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)logger.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
-.\"
-.TH LOGGER "1" "November 2015" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-logger \- enter messages into the system log
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B logger
-[options]
-.RI [ message ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B logger
-makes entries in the system log.
-.sp
-When the optional \fImessage\fR argument is present, it is written
-to the log. If it is not present, and the \fB\-f\fR option is not
-given either, then standard input is logged.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-udp"
-Use datagrams (UDP) only. By default the connection is tried to the
-syslog port defined in
-.IR /etc/services ,
-which is often 514.
-.IP
-See also \fB\-\-server\fR and \fB\-\-socket\fR to specify where to connect.
-.TP
-.BR \-e , " \-\-skip-empty"
-Ignore empty lines when processing files. An empty line
-is defined to be a line without any characters. Thus a line consisting
-only of whitespace is NOT considered empty.
-Note that when the \fB\-\-prio\-prefix\fR option is specified, the priority
-is not part of the line. Thus an empty line in this mode is a line that does
-not have any characters after the priority prefix (e.g., \fB<13>\fR).
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-file " \fIfile
-Log the contents of the specified \fIfile\fR.
-This option cannot be combined with a command-line message.
-.TP
-.B \-i
-Log the PID of the logger process with each line.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-id" [ =\fIid ]
-Log the PID of the logger process with each line. When the optional
-argument \fIid\fR is specified, then it is used instead of the logger
-command's PID. The use of \fB\-\-id=$$\fR
-(PPID) is recommended in scripts that send several messages.
-
-Note that the system logging infrastructure (for example \fBsystemd\fR when
-listening on
-.IR /dev/log )
-may follow local socket credentials to overwrite the
-PID specified in the message.
-.BR logger (1)
-is able to set those socket credentials to the given \fIid\fR, but only if you
-have root permissions and a process with the specified PID exists, otherwise
-the socket credentials are not modified and the problem is silently ignored.
-.TP
-.BR \-\-journald [ =\fIfile ]
-Write a systemd journal entry. The entry is read from the given \fIfile\fR,
-when specified, otherwise from standard input.
-Each line must begin with a field that is accepted by journald; see
-.BR systemd.journal-fields (7)
-for details. The use of a MESSAGE_ID field is generally a good idea, as it
-makes finding entries easy. Examples:
-.IP
-.nf
-\fB logger \-\-journald <<end
-\fB MESSAGE_ID=67feb6ffbaf24c5cbec13c008dd72309
-\fB MESSAGE=The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.
-\fB DOGS=bark
-\fB CARAVAN=goes on
-\fB end
-.IP
-\fB logger \-\-journald=entry.txt
-.fi
-.IP
-Notice that
-.B \-\-journald
-will ignore values of other options, such as priority. If priority is
-needed it must be within input, and use PRIORITY field. The simple
-execution of
-.B journalctl
-will display MESSAGE field. Use
-.B journalctl \-\-output json-pretty
-to see rest of the fields.
-.sp
-To include newlines in MESSAGE, specify MESSAGE several times. This is
-handled as a special case, other fields will be stored as an array in
-the journal if they appear multiple times.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-msgid " msgid"
-Sets the RFC5424 MSGID field. Note that the space character is not permitted
-inside of \fImsgid\fR. This option is only used if \fB\-\-rfc5424\fR is
-specified as well; otherwise, it is silently ignored.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-server " \fIserver
-Write to the specified remote syslog \fIserver\fR
-instead of to the system log socket. Unless
-\fB\-\-udp\fR or \fB\-\-tcp\fR
-is specified, \fBlogger\fR will first try to use UDP,
-but if this fails a TCP connection is attempted.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-act
-Causes everything to be done except for writing the log message to the system
-log, and removing the connection or the journal. This option can be used
-together with \fB\-\-stderr\fR for testing purposes.
-.TP
-.B \-\-octet\-count
-Use the RFC 6587 octet counting framing method for sending messages.
-When this option is not used, the default is no framing on UDP, and
-RFC6587 non-transparent framing (also known as octet stuffing) on TCP.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-port " \fIport
-Use the specified \fIport\fR. When this option is not specified, the
-port defaults to syslog for udp and to syslog-conn for tcp connections.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-priority " \fIpriority
-Enter the message into the log with the specified \fIpriority\fR.
-The priority may be specified numerically or as a
-.IR facility . level
-pair.
-For example, \fB\-p local3.info\fR
-logs the message as informational in the local3 facility.
-The default is \fBuser.notice\fR.
-.TP
-.B \-\-prio\-prefix
-Look for a syslog prefix on every line read from standard input.
-This prefix is a decimal number within angle brackets that encodes both
-the facility and the level. The number is constructed by multiplying the
-facility by 8 and then adding the level. For example, \fBlocal0.info\fR,
-meaning facility=16 and level=6, becomes \fB<134>\fR.
-.sp
-If the prefix contains no facility, the facility defaults to what is
-specified by the \fB\-p\fR option. Similarly, if no prefix is provided,
-the line is logged using the \fIpriority\fR given with \fB\-p\fR.
-.sp
-This option doesn't affect a command-line message.
-.TP
-.B \-\-rfc3164
-Use the RFC 3164 BSD syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server.
-.TP
-.BR \-\-rfc5424 [ =\fIwithout ]
-Use the RFC 5424 syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server.
-The optional \fIwithout\fR argument can be a comma-separated list of
-the following values: \fBnotq\fR, \fBnotime\fR, \fBnohost\fR.
-
-The \fBnotq\fR value suppresses the time-quality structured data
-from the submitted message. The time-quality information shows whether
-the local clock was synchronized plus the maximum number of microseconds
-the timestamp might be off. The time quality is also automatically
-suppressed when \fB\-\-sd\-id timeQuality\fR is specified.
-
-The \fBnotime\fR value (which implies \fBnotq\fR)
-suppresses the complete sender timestamp that is in
-ISO-8601 format, including microseconds and timezone.
-
-The \fBnohost\fR value suppresses
-.BR gethostname (2)
-information from the message header.
-.IP
-The RFC 5424 protocol has been the default for
-.B logger
-since version 2.26.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-stderr"
-Output the message to standard error as well as to the system log.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-sd\-id \fIname" [ @\fIdigits ]
-Specifies a structured data element ID for an RFC 5424 message header. The
-option has to be used before \fB\-\-sd\-param\fR to introduce a new element.
-The number of structured data elements is unlimited. The ID (\fIname\fR plus
-possibly \fB@\fIdigits\fR) is case-sensitive and uniquely identifies the type
-and purpose of the element. The same ID must not exist more than once in
-a message. The \fB@\fIdigits\fR part is required for user-defined
-non-standardized IDs.
-
-\fBlogger\fR currently generates the \fBtimeQuality\fR standardized element
-only. RFC 5424 also describes the elements \fBorigin\fR (with parameters
-ip, enterpriseId, software and swVersion) and \fBmeta\fR (with parameters
-sequenceId, sysUpTime and language).
-These element IDs may be specified without the \fB@\fIdigits\fR suffix.
-
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-sd\-param " \fIname ="\fIvalue\fB"
-Specifies a structured data element parameter, a name and value pair.
-The option has to be used after \fB\-\-sd\-id\fR and may be specified more
-than once for the same element. Note that the quotation marks around
-\fIvalue\fR are required and must be escaped on the command line.
-.IP
-.nf
-\fB logger \-\-rfc5424 \-\-sd-id zoo@123 \\
-\fB \-\-sd-param tiger=\\"hungry\\" \\
-\fB \-\-sd-param zebra=\\"running\\" \\
-\fB \-\-sd-id manager@123 \\
-\fB \-\-sd-param onMeeting=\\"yes\\" \\
-\fB "this is message"
-.fi
-.IP
-produces:
-.IP
-.\".nf
-.\" this long line gets cut of in the output of "troff", and wraps
-.\" in "nroff"
-\fB <13>1 2015-10-01T14:07:59.168662+02:00 ws kzak - - [timeQuality tzKnown="1" isSynced="1" syncAccuracy="218616"][zoo@123 tiger="hungry" zebra="running"][manager@123 onMeeting="yes"] this is message
-.\".fi
-.TP
-.BR \-S , " \-\-size " \fIsize
-Sets the maximum permitted message size to \fIsize\fR. The default
-is 1KiB characters, which is the limit traditionally used and specified
-in RFC 3164. With RFC 5424, this limit has become flexible. A good assumption
-is that RFC 5424 receivers can at least process 4KiB messages.
-
-Most receivers accept messages larger than 1KiB over any type of syslog
-protocol. As such, the \fB\-\-size\fR option affects logger in
-all cases (not only when \fB\-\-rfc5424\fR was used).
-
-Note: the message-size limit limits the overall message size, including
-the syslog header. Header sizes vary depending on the selected options and
-the hostname length. As a rule of thumb, headers are usually not longer than
-50 to 80 characters. When selecting a maximum message size, it is important
-to ensure that the receiver supports the max size as well, otherwise messages
-may become truncated. Again, as a rule of thumb two to four KiB message size
-should generally be OK, whereas anything larger should be verified to work.
-
-.TP
-.BR \-\-socket\-errors [ =\fImode ]
-Print errors about Unix socket connections. The \fImode\fR can be a value of
-\fBoff\fR, \fBon\fR, or \fBauto\fR. When the mode is auto logger will detect
-if the init process is systemd, and if so assumption is made /dev/log can be
-used early at boot. Other init systems lack of /dev/log will not cause errors
-that is identical with messaging using
-.BR openlog (3)
-system call. The
-.BR logger (1)
-before version 2.26 used openlog, and hence was unable to detected loss of
-messages sent to Unix sockets.
-.IP
-The default mode is \fBauto\fR. When errors are not enabled lost messages are
-not communicated and will result to successful exit status of
-.BR logger (1)
-invocation.
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-tcp"
-Use stream (TCP) only. By default the connection is tried to the
-.I syslog-conn
-port defined in /etc/services, which is often
-.IR 601 .
-.sp
-See also \fB\-\-server\fR and \fB\-\-socket\fR to specify where to connect.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-tag " \fItag
-Mark every line to be logged with the specified
-.IR tag .
-The default tag is the name of the user logged in on the terminal (or a user
-name based on effective user ID).
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-socket " \fIsocket
-Write to the specified
-.I socket
-instead of to the system log socket.
-.TP
-.B \-\-
-End the argument list. This allows the \fImessage\fR
-to start with a hyphen (\-).
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The
-.B logger
-utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
-.SH FACILITIES AND LEVELS
-Valid facility names are:
-.IP
-.nr WI \n(.lu-\n(.iu-\w'\fBauthpriv\fR'u-3n
-.TS
-tab(:);
-l lw(\n(WIu).
-\fBauth
-\fBauthpriv\fR:for security information of a sensitive nature
-\fBcron
-\fBdaemon
-\fBftp
-\fBkern\fR:T{
-cannot be generated from userspace process, automatically converted to \fBuser
-T}
-\fBlpr
-\fBmail
-\fBnews
-\fBsyslog
-\fBuser
-\fBuucp
-\fBlocal0
- to:
-\fBlocal7
-\fBsecurity\fR:deprecated synonym for \fBauth
-.TE
-.PP
-Valid level names are:
-.IP
-.TS
-tab(:);
-l l.
-\fBemerg
-\fBalert
-\fBcrit
-\fBerr
-\fBwarning
-\fBnotice
-\fBinfo
-\fBdebug
-\fBpanic\fR:deprecated synonym for \fBemerg
-\fBerror\fR:deprecated synonym for \fBerr
-\fBwarn\fR:deprecated synonym for \fBwarning
-.TE
-.PP
-For the priority order and intended purposes of these facilities and levels, see
-.BR syslog (3).
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-The
-.B logger
-command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compatible.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.B logger System rebooted
-.br
-.B logger \-p local0.notice \-t HOSTIDM \-f /dev/idmc
-.br
-.B logger \-n loghost.example.com System rebooted
-.SH AUTHORS
-The
-.B logger
-command
-was originally written by University of California in 1983-1993 and later
-rewritten by
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME ,
-.MT rgerhards@adiscon.com
-Rainer Gerhards
-.ME
-and
-.MT kerolasa@iki.fi
-Sami Kerola
-.ME .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR journalctl (1),
-.BR syslog (3),
-.BR systemd.journal-fields (7)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The logger command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)look.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/14/93
-.\"
-.TH LOOK 1 "June 2011" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-look \- display lines beginning with a given string
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B look
-[options]
-.IR "string " [ file ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B look
-utility displays any lines in
-.I file
-which contain
-.IR string .
-As
-.B look
-performs a binary search, the lines in
-.I file
-must be sorted (where
-.BR sort (1)
-was given the same options
-.BR "\-d " and/or " \-f " that
-.B look
-is invoked with).
-.PP
-If
-.I file
-is not specified, the file
-.I /usr/share/dict/words
-is used, only alphanumeric characters are compared and the case of
-alphabetic characters is ignored.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-alternative"
-Use the alternative dictionary file.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-alphanum"
-Use normal dictionary character set and order, i.e., only blanks and
-alphanumeric characters are compared. This is on by default if no file is
-specified.
-
-Note that blanks have been added to dictionary character set for
-compatibility with \fBsort \-d\fR command since version 2.28.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-ignore\-case"
-Ignore the case of alphabetic characters. This is on by default if no file is
-specified.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-terminate " \fIcharacter\fR
-Specify a string termination character, i.e., only the characters
-in \fIstring\fR up to and including the first occurrence of \fIcharacter\fR
-are compared.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.PP
-The
-.B look
-utility exits 0 if one or more lines were found and displayed, 1 if
-no lines were found, and >1 if an error occurred.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.TP
-.B WORDLIST
-Path to a dictionary file. The environment variable has greater priority
-than the dictionary path defined in FILES segment.
-.SH FILES
-.IP "\fB/usr/share/dict/words\fR" 4
-the dictionary
-.IP "\fB/usr/share/dict/web2\fR" 4
-the alternative dictionary
-.SH HISTORY
-The
-.B look
-utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T Unix.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.RS
-.nf
-sort \-d /etc/passwd \-o /tmp/look.dict
-look \-t: root:foobar /tmp/look.dict
-.fi
-.RE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR grep (1),
-.BR sort (1)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The look command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.TH LSBLK 8 "February 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-lsblk \- list block devices
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B lsblk
-[options]
-.RI [ device ...]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B lsblk
-lists information about all available or the specified block devices. The
-.B lsblk
-command reads the
-.B sysfs
-filesystem and
-.B udev db
-to gather information. If the udev db is not available or
-.B lsblk
-is compiled without udev support, then it
-tries to read LABELs, UUIDs and filesystem types from the block device. In this case root permissions
-are necessary.
-.PP
-The command prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in a tree-like format
-by default. Use
-.B "lsblk \-\-help"
-to get a list of all available columns.
-.PP
-The default output, as well as the default output from options like
-.B \-\-fs
-and
-.BR \-\-topology ,
-is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should avoid using default
-outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using
-.B \-\-output
-.I columns-list
-and
-.B \-\-list
-in environments where a stable output is required.
-.PP
-Note that
-.B lsblk
-might be executed in time when
-.B udev
-does not have all information about recently added or modified devices yet. In this
-case it is recommended to use
-.B "udevadm settle"
-before
-.B lsblk
-to synchronize with udev.
-.PP
-The relationship between block devices and filesystems is not always one-to-one.
-The filesystem may use more block devices, or the same filesystem may be accessible
-by more paths. This is the reason why
-.B lsblk
-provides MOUNTPOINT and MOUNTPOINTS (pl.) columns. The column MOUNTPOINT displays
-only one mount point (usually the last mounted instance of the filesystem), and
-the column MOUNTPOINTS displays by multi-line cell all mount points associated
-with the device.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-all"
-Also list empty devices and RAM disk devices.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes"
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.
-.TP
-.BR \-D , " \-\-discard"
-Print information about the discarding capabilities (TRIM, UNMAP) for each device.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-nodeps"
-Do not print holder devices or slaves. For example, \fBlsblk \-\-nodeps /dev/sda\fR prints
-information about the sda device only.
-.TP
-.BR \-E , " \-\-dedup " \fIcolumn\fP
-Use \fIcolumn\fP as a de-duplication key to de-duplicate output tree. If the
-key is not available for the device, or the device is a partition and parental
-whole-disk device provides the same key than the device is always printed.
-
-The usual use case is to de-duplicate output on system multi-path devices, for
-example by \fB\-E WWN\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-e , " \-\-exclude " \fIlist\fP
-Exclude the devices specified by the comma-separated \fIlist\fR of major device numbers.
-Note that RAM disks (major=1) are excluded by default if \fB\-\-all\fR is not specified.
-The filter is applied to the top-level devices only. This may be confusing for
-\fB\-\-list\fR output format where hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-fs"
-Output info about filesystems. This option is equivalent to
-.BR \-o\ NAME,FSTYPE,FSVER,LABEL,UUID,FSAVAIL,FSUSE%,MOUNTPOINTS .
-The authoritative information about filesystems and raids is provided by the
-.BR blkid (8)
-command.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-I , " \-\-include " \fIlist\fP
-Include devices specified by the comma-separated \fIlist\fR of major device numbers.
-The filter is applied to the top-level devices only. This may be confusing for
-\fB\-\-list\fR output format where hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-ascii"
-Use ASCII characters for tree formatting.
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json"
-Use JSON output format. It's strongly recommended to use \fB\-\-output\fR and
-also \fB\-\-tree\fR if necessary.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-list"
-Produce output in the form of a list. The output does not provide information
-about relationships between devices and since version 2.34 every device is
-printed only once if \fB\-\-pairs\fR or \fB\-\-raw\fR not specified (the
-parsable outputs are maintained in backwardly compatible way).
-.TP
-.BR \-M , " \-\-merge"
-Group parents of sub-trees to provide more readable output for RAIDs and
-Multi-path devices. The tree-like output is required.
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-\-perms"
-Output info about device owner, group and mode. This option is equivalent to
-.BR \-o\ NAME,SIZE,OWNER,GROUP,MODE .
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist\fP
-Specify which output columns to print. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns. The columns may affect tree-like output.
-The default is to use tree for the column 'NAME' (see also \fB\-\-tree\fR).
-
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fBlsblk \-o +UUID\fP).
-.TP
-.BR \-O , " \-\-output\-all"
-Output all available columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-pairs"
-Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. The output lines are still ordered by
-dependencies. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex-escaped (\\x<code>).
-The key (variable name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell variable
-identifiers, for example, MIN_IO and FSUSE_PCT instead of MIN-IO and FSUSE%.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-paths"
-Print full device paths.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-raw"
-Produce output in raw format. The output lines are still ordered by
-dependencies. All potentially unsafe characters are hex-escaped
-(\\x<code>) in the NAME, KNAME, LABEL, PARTLABEL and MOUNTPOINT columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-S , " \-\-scsi"
-Output info about SCSI devices only. All partitions, slaves and holder devices are ignored.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-inverse"
-Print dependencies in inverse order. If the \fB\-\-list\fR output is requested then
-the lines are still ordered by dependencies.
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-tree" [ =\fIcolumn ]
-Force tree-like output format. If \fIcolumn\fP is specified, then a tree is printed in the column.
-The default is NAME column.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-topology"
-Output info about block-device topology.
-This option is equivalent to
-.BR \-o\ NAME,ALIGNMENT,MIN-IO,OPT-IO,PHY-SEC,LOG-SEC,ROTA,SCHED,RQ-SIZE,RA,WSAME .
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-width " \fInumber\fP
-Specifies output width as a number of characters. The default is the number of
-the terminal columns, and if not executed on a terminal, then output width is not
-restricted at all by default. This option also forces lsblk to assume that terminal
-control characters and unsafe characters are not allowed. The expected use-case is
-for example when lsblk used by
-.BR watch (1)
-command.
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-sort " \fIcolumn\fP
-Sort output lines by \fIcolumn\fP. This option enables \fB\-\-list\fR output format by default.
-It is possible to use the option \fI\-\-tree\fP to force tree-like output and
-than the tree branches are sorted by the \fIcolumn\fP.
-.TP
-.BR \-z , " \-\-zoned"
-Print the zone model for each device.
-.TP
-.BR " \-\-sysroot " \fIdirectory\fP
-Gather data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which the
-.B lsblk
-command is issued. The specified directory is the system root of the Linux
-instance to be inspected. The real device nodes in the target directory can
-be replaced by text files with udev attributes.
-
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.IP 0
-success
-.IP 1
-failure
-.IP 32
-none of specified devices found
-.IP 64
-some specified devices found, some not found
-
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LSBLK_DEBUG=all
-enables
-.B lsblk
-debug output.
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
-enables libmount debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
-use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
-.SH NOTES
-For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited from the
-parent device.
-.PP
-The
-.B lsblk
-command needs to be able to look up each block device by major:minor numbers,
-which is done by using
-.IR /sys/dev/block .
-This sysfs block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008).
-In case of problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS
-was enabled at the time of the kernel build.
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-.nf
-Milan Broz <mbroz@redhat.com>
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.fi
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR ls (1),
-.BR blkid (8),
-.BR findmnt (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The lsblk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Man page for the lslocks command.
-.\" Copyright 2012 Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-
-.TH LSLOCKS 8 "December 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-lslocks \- list local system locks
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B lslocks
-[options]
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B lslocks
-lists information about all the currently held file locks in a Linux system.
-.sp
-Note that lslocks also lists OFD (Open File Description) locks, these locks are
-not associated with any process (PID is \-1). OFD locks are associated with the
-open file description on which they are acquired. This lock type is available
-since Linux 3.15, see \fBfcntl\fR(2) for more details.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes"
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-noinaccessible"
-Ignore lock files which are inaccessible for the current user.
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json"
-Use JSON output format.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist\fP
-Specify which output columns to print. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns.
-
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fBlslocks \-o +BLOCKER\fP).
-.TP
-.B \-\-output\-all
-Output all available columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-pid " \fIpid\fP
-Display only the locks held by the process with this \fIpid\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-raw"
-Use the raw output format.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-notruncate"
-Do not truncate text in columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-
-.SH OUTPUT
-.IP "COMMAND"
-The command name of the process holding the lock.
-.IP "PID"
-The process ID of the process which holds the lock or \-1 for OFDLCK.
-.IP "TYPE"
-The type of lock; can be FLOCK (created with \fBflock\fR(2)), POSIX
-(created with \fBfcntl\fR(2) and \fBlockf\fR(3)) or OFDLCK (created with fcntl(2).
-.IP "SIZE"
-Size of the locked file.
-.IP "MODE"
-The lock's access permissions (read, write). If the process is blocked and waiting for the lock,
-then the mode is postfixed with an '*' (asterisk).
-.IP "M"
-Whether the lock is mandatory; 0 means no (meaning the lock is only advisory), 1 means yes.
-(See \fBfcntl\fR(2).)
-.IP "START"
-Relative byte offset of the lock.
-.IP "END"
-Ending offset of the lock.
-.IP "PATH"
-Full path of the lock. If none is found, or there are no permissions to read
-the path, it will fall back to the device's mountpoint and "..." is appended to
-the path. The path might be truncated; use
-\fB\-\-notruncate\fR to get the full path.
-.IP "BLOCKER"
-The PID of the process which blocks the lock.
-
-.SH NOTES
-.nf
-The \fBlslocks\fR command is meant to replace the \fBlslk\fR(8) command,
-originally written by Victor A. Abell <abe@purdue.edu> and unmaintained
-since 2001.
-.fi
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-.nf
-Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
-.fi
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR flock (1),
-.BR fcntl (2),
-.BR lockf (3)
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The lslocks command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" mcookie.1 --
-.\" Public Domain 1995 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.TH MCOOKIE 1 "December 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-mcookie \- generate magic cookies for xauth
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mcookie
-[options]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mcookie
-generates a 128-bit random hexadecimal number for use with the X authority
-system. Typical usage:
-.sp
-.RS
-.B xauth add :0 . `mcookie`
-.RE
-.PP
-The "random" number generated is actually the MD5 message
-digest of random information coming from one of the sources
-.IR getrandom ()
-system call,
-.IR /dev/urandom ,
-.IR /dev/random ,
-or the
-.IR "libc pseudo-random functions" ,
-in this preference order. See also the option \fB\-\-file\fR.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-file " \fIfile
-Use this \fIfile\fR as an additional source of randomness (for example /dev/urandom).
-When \fIfile\fR is '-', characters are read from standard input.
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-\-max\-size " \fInumber
-Read from \fIfile\fR only this \fInumber\fR of bytes.
-This option is meant to be used when reading additional
-randomness from a file or device.
-.IP
-The
-.I number
-argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB=1024,
-MiB=1024*1024, and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is
-optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB") or the suffixes
-KB=1000, MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose"
-Inform where randomness originated, with amount of entropy read from each
-source.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH FILES
-.I /dev/urandom
-.br
-.I /dev/random
-.SH BUGS
-It is assumed that none of the randomness sources will block.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR md5sum (1),
-.BR X (7),
-.BR xauth (1),
-.BR rand (3)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mcookie command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH NAMEI 1 "June 2011" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-namei \- follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B namei
-[options]
-.IR pathname ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B namei
-interprets its arguments as pathnames to any type
-of Unix file (symlinks, files, directories, and so forth).
-.B namei
-then follows each pathname until an endpoint
-is found (a file, a directory, a device node, etc).
-If it finds a symbolic link, it shows the link, and starts
-following it, indenting the output to show the context.
-.PP
-This program is useful for finding "too many levels of
-symbolic links" problems.
-.PP
-For each line of output,
-.B namei
-uses the following characters to identify the file type found:
-.LP
-.nf
- f: = the pathname currently being resolved
- d = directory
- l = symbolic link (both the link and its contents are output)
- s = socket
- b = block device
- c = character device
- p = FIFO (named pipe)
- - = regular file
- ? = an error of some kind
-.fi
-.PP
-.B namei
-prints an informative message when
-the maximum number of symbolic links this system can have has been exceeded.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-long"
-Use the long listing format (same as \fB\-m \-o \-v\fR).
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-\-modes"
-Show the mode bits of each file type in the style of ls(1),
-for example 'rwxr-xr-x'.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-nosymlinks"
-Don't follow symlinks.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-owners"
-Show owner and group name of each file.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-vertical"
-Vertically align the modes and owners.
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-mountpoints"
-Show mountpoint directories with a 'D' rather than a 'd'.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH BUGS
-To be discovered.
-.SH AUTHORS
-The original
-.B namei
-program was written by Roger Southwick <rogers@amadeus.wr.tek.com>.
-.sp
-The program was rewritten by Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR ls (1),
-.BR stat (1),
-.BR symlink (7)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The namei command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Written by Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\" Placed in the public domain
-.\"
-.TH RENAME 1 "June 2011" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-rename \- rename files
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B rename
-[options]
-.IR "expression replacement file" ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B rename
-will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence of
-.I expression
-in their name by
-.IR replacement .
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-symlink"
-Do not rename a symlink but its target.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose"
-Show which files were renamed, if any.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-no\-act"
-Do not make any changes; add
-.B \-\-verbose
-to see what would be made.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-no\-overwrite"
-Do not overwrite existing files. When
-.B \-\-symlink
-is active, do not overwrite symlinks pointing to existing targets.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-interactive"
-Ask before overwriting existing files.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH WARNING
-The renaming has no safeguards by default or without any one of the options
-.B \-\-no-overwrite\fR,
-.B \-\-interactive
-or
-.B \-\-no\-act\fR.
-If the user has
-permission to rewrite file names, the command will perform the action without
-any questions. For example, the result can be quite drastic when the command
-is run as root in the /lib directory. Always make a backup before running the
-command, unless you truly know what you are doing.
-.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
-As most standard utilities rename can be used with a terminal device (tty in
-short) in canonical mode, where the line is buffered by the tty and you press
-ENTER to validate the user input. If you put your tty in cbreak mode however,
-rename requires only a single key press to answer the prompt. To set cbreak
-mode, run for example:
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-sh \-c 'stty \-icanon min 1; "$0" "$@"; stty icanon' rename \-i from to files
-.fi
-.RE
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-all requested rename operations were successful
-.TP
-.B 1
-all rename operations failed
-.TP
-.B 2
-some rename operations failed
-.TP
-.B 4
-nothing was renamed
-.TP
-.B 64
-unanticipated error occurred
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH EXAMPLES
-Given the files
-.IR foo1 ", ..., " foo9 ", " foo10 ", ..., " foo278 ,
-the commands
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-rename foo foo00 foo?
-rename foo foo0 foo??
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
-will turn them into
-.IR foo001 ", ..., " foo009 ", " foo010 ", ..., " foo278 .
-And
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-rename .htm .html *.htm
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
-will fix the extension of your html files.
-Provide an empty string for shortening:
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-rename '_with_long_name' '' file_with_long_name.*
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
-will remove the substring in the filenames.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mv (1)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The rename command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.\" Copyright 2007 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.\"
-.TH UUIDD 8 "July 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-uuidd \- UUID generation daemon
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B uuidd
-[options]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B uuidd
-daemon is used by the UUID library to generate
-universally unique identifiers (UUIDs), especially time-based UUIDs,
-in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion, even in the face of large
-numbers of threads running on different CPUs trying to grab UUIDs.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-debug"
-Run uuidd in debugging mode. This prevents uuidd from running as a daemon.
-.TP
-.BR \-F , " \-\-no-fork"
-Do not daemonize using a double-fork.
-.TP
-.BR \-k , " \-\-kill"
-If currently a uuidd daemon is running, kill it.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-uuids " \fInumber\fR
-When issuing a test request to a running uuidd, request a bulk response
-of
-.I number
-UUIDs.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-no-pid"
-Do not create a pid file.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-pid " \fIpath\fR
-Specify the pathname where the pid file should be written. By default,
-the pid file is written to @runstatedir@/uuidd/uuidd.pid.
-.TP
-.BR \-q , " \-\-quiet"
-Suppress some failure messages.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-random"
-Test uuidd by trying to connect to a running uuidd daemon and
-request it to return a random-based UUID.
-.TP
-.BR \-S , " \-\-socket-activation"
-Do not create a socket but instead expect it to be provided by the calling
-process. This implies \fB\-\-no-fork\fR and \fB\-\-no-pid\fR. This option is
-intended to be used only with \fBsystemd\fR(1). It needs to be enabled with
-a configure option.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-socket " \fIpath\fR
-Make uuidd use this pathname for the unix-domain socket. By default, the
-pathname used is @runstatedir@/uuidd/request. This option is primarily
-for debugging purposes, since the pathname is hard-coded in the libuuid
-library.
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-timeout " \fInumber\fR
-Make uuidd exit after \fInumber\fR seconds of inactivity.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-time"
-Test uuidd by trying to connect to a running uuidd daemon and
-request it to return a time-based UUID.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Output version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help screen and exit.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-Start up a daemon, print 42 random keys, and then stop the daemon:
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-uuidd \-p /tmp/uuidd.pid \-s /tmp/uuidd.socket
-uuidd \-d \-r \-n 42 \-s /tmp/uuidd.socket
-uuidd \-d \-k \-s /tmp/uuidd.socket
-.fi
-.RE
-.SH AUTHOR
-The
-.B uuidd
-daemon was written by Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR uuid (3),
-.BR uuidgen (1)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The uuidd daemon is part of the util-linux package and is available from the
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1999 Andreas Dilger (adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca)
-.\"
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.TH UUIDGEN 1 "June 2011" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-uuidgen \- create a new UUID value
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B uuidgen
-[options]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B uuidgen
-program creates (and prints)
-a new universally unique identifier (UUID) using the
-.BR libuuid (3)
-library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique among
-all UUIDs created on the local system,
-and among UUIDs created on other systems in the past
-and in the future.
-.PP
-There are three types of UUIDs which
-.B uuidgen
-can generate: time-based UUIDs, random-based UUIDs, and hash-based UUIDs.
-By default
-.B uuidgen
-will generate a random-based UUID if a high-quality random number
-generator is present. Otherwise, it will choose a time-based UUID.
-It is possible to force the generation of one of these first two
-UUID types by using the
-.B \-\-random
-or
-.B \-\-time
-options.
-.PP
-The third type of UUID is generated with the
-.B \-\-md5
-or
-.B \-\-sha1
-options, followed by
-\fB\-\-namespace\fR \fInamespace\fR
-and
-\fB\-\-name\fR \fIname\fR.
-The \fInamespace\fR may either be a well-known UUID, or else
-an alias to one of the well-known UUIDs defined in RFC 4122, that is
-.BR @dns ,
-.BR @url ,
-.BR @oid ,
-or
-.BR @x500 .
-The \fIname\fR is an arbitrary string value. The generated UUID is the
-digest of the concatenation of the namespace UUID and the name value, hashed
-with the MD5 or SHA1 algorithms. It is, therefore, a predictable value
-which may be useful when UUIDs are being used as handles or nonces for
-more complex values or values which shouldn't be disclosed directly.
-See the RFC for more information.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-random"
-Generate a random-based UUID. This method creates a UUID consisting mostly
-of random bits. It requires that the operating system has a high
-quality random number generator, such as
-.IR /dev/random .
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-time"
-Generate a time-based UUID. This method creates a UUID based on the system
-clock plus the system's ethernet hardware address, if present.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-\-md5"
-Use MD5 as the hash algorithm.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-sha1"
-Use SHA1 as the hash algorithm.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-namespace " \fInamespace\fP
-Generate the hash with the \fInamespace\fP prefix. The \fInamespace\fP is UUID,
-or '@ns' where "ns" is well-known predefined UUID addressed by namespace name
-(see above).
-.TP
-.BR \-N , " \-\-name " \fIname\fR
-Generate the hash of the \fIname\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-hex"
-Interpret name \fIname\fR as a hexadecimal string.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-OSF DCE 1.1
-.SH EXAMPLES
-uuidgen \-\-sha1 \-\-namespace @dns \-\-name "www.example.com"
-.SH AUTHORS
-.B uuidgen
-was written by Andreas Dilger for libuuid.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR libuuid (3),
-.B "RFC 4122"
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The uuidgen command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 2017 Sami Kerola
-.\" The 3-Clause BSD License
-.TH UUIDPARSE "1" "2017-06-18" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-uuidparse \- a utility to parse unique identifiers
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B uuidparse
-[options]
-.I uuid
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This command will parse unique identifier inputs from either command line
-arguments or standard input. The inputs are white-space separated.
-.SH OUTPUT
-.SS Variants
-.nr WI \n(.lu-\n(.iu-\w'Microsoft'u-3n
-.TS
-tab(:);
-l lw(\n(WIu).
-NCS:T{
-Network Computing System identifier. These were the original UUIDs.
-T}
-DCE:T{
-The Open Software Foundation's (OSF) Distributed Computing Environment UUIDs.
-T}
-Microsoft:T{
-Microsoft Windows platform globally unique identifier (GUID).
-T}
-other:T{
-Unknown variant. Usually invalid input data.
-T}
-.TE
-.SS Types
-.TS
-tab(:);
-l l.
-nil:Special type for zero in type file.
-time-based:The DCE time based.
-DCE:The DCE time and MAC Address.
-name-based:RFC 4122 md5sum hash.
-random:RFC 4122 random.
-sha1-based:RFC 4122 sha-1 hash.
-unknown:Unknown type. Usually invalid input data.
-.TE
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-J\fR, \fB\-\-json\fR
-Use JSON output format.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-noheadings\fR
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output\fR
-Specify which output columns to print. Use \-\-help to get a list of all
-supported columns.
-.TP
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-raw\fR
-Use the raw output format.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT kerolasa@iki.fi
-Sami Kerola
-.ME
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR uuidgen (1),
-.BR libuuid (3),
-.UR https://\:tools.ietf.org\:/html\:/rfc4122
-RFC 4122
-.UE
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The uuidparse command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)whereis.1 from UCB 4.2
-.TH WHEREIS 1 "October 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-whereis \- locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B whereis
-[options]
-.RB [ \-BMS
-.IR directory "... " \fB\-f\fR ]
-.IR name ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B whereis
-locates the binary, source and manual files for the specified command names.
-The supplied names are first stripped of leading pathname components.
-Prefixes of
-.B s.
-resulting from use of source code control are also dealt with.
-.B whereis
-then attempts to locate the desired program in the standard Linux places, and
-in the places specified by
-.B $PATH
-and
-.BR $MANPATH .
-.sp
-The search restrictions (options \fB\-b\fP, \fB\-m\fP and \fB\-s\fP)
-are cumulative and apply to the subsequent \fIname\fP patterns on
-the command line. Any new search restriction resets the search mask.
-For example,
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "whereis \-bm ls tr \-m gcc"
-.sp
-.RE
-searches for "ls" and "tr" binaries and man pages, and for "gcc" man pages only.
-.sp
-The options \fB\-B\fP, \fB\-M\fP and \fB\-S\fP reset search paths for the
-subsequent \fIname\fP patterns. For example,
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "whereis \-m ls \-M /usr/share/man/man1 \-f cal"
-.sp
-.RE
-searches for "ls" man pages in all default paths, but for "cal" in
-the /usr/share/man/man1 directory only.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.IP \fB\-b\fP
-Search for binaries.
-.IP \fB\-m\fP
-Search for manuals.
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-Search for sources.
-.IP \fB\-u\fP
-Only show the command names that have unusual entries. A command is said to be
-unusual if it does not have just one entry of each explicitly requested type.
-Thus
-.RB ' "whereis \-m \-u *" '
-asks for those files in the current directory which have no documentation file,
-or more than one.
-.IP "\fB\-B \fIlist\fP"
-Limit the places where
-.B whereis
-searches for binaries, by a whitespace-separated list of directories.
-.IP "\fB\-M \fIlist\fP"
-Limit the places where
-.B whereis
-searches for manuals and documentation in Info format, by a
-whitespace-separated list of directories.
-.IP "\fB\-S \fIlist\fP"
-Limit the places where
-.B whereis
-searches for sources, by a whitespace-separated list of directories.
-.IP "\fB\-f\fP"
-Terminates the directory list and signals the start of filenames. It
-.I must
-be used when any of the
-.BR \-B ,
-.BR \-M ,
-or
-.B \-S
-options is used.
-.IP "\fB\-l"
-Output the list of effective lookup paths that
-.B whereis
-is using. When none of
-.BR \-B ,
-.BR \-M ,
-or
-.B \-S
-is specified, the option will output the hard-coded paths
-that the command was able to find on the system.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH FILE SEARCH PATHS
-By default
-.B whereis
-tries to find files from hard-coded paths, which are defined with glob
-patterns. The command attempts to use the contents of
-.B $PATH
-and
-.B $MANPATH
-environment variables as default search path. The easiest way to know
-what paths are in use is to add the
-.B \-l
-listing option. Effects of the
-.BR \-B ,
-.BR \-M ,
-and
-.B \-S
-are displayed with
-.BR \-l .
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP WHEREIS_DEBUG=all
-enables debug output.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-To find all files in
-.I /usr/\:bin
-which are not documented
-in
-.I /usr/\:man/\:man1
-or have no source in
-.IR /usr/\:src :
-.IP
-.B cd /usr/bin
-.br
-.B whereis \-u \-ms \-M /usr/man/man1 \-S /usr/src \-f *
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The whereis command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 2009 by Karel Zak. All Rights Reserved.
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.\"
-.TH WIPEFS 8 "December 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-wipefs \- wipe a signature from a device
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B wipefs
-.RB [ options ]
-.IR device ...
-.sp
-.B wipefs
-.RB [ \-\-backup ]
-.B \-o
-.I offset
-.IR device ...
-.sp
-.B wipefs
-.RB [ \-\-backup ]
-.B \-a
-.IR device ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B wipefs
-can erase filesystem, raid or partition-table signatures (magic strings) from
-the specified
-.I device
-to make the signatures invisible for libblkid.
-.B wipefs
-does not erase the filesystem itself nor any other data from the device.
-
-When used without any options,
-.B wipefs
-lists all visible filesystems and the
-offsets of their basic signatures. The default output is subject to change.
-So whenever possible, you should avoid using default outputs in your scripts.
-Always explicitly define expected columns by using
-.B \-\-output
-.I columns-list
-in environments where a stable output is required.
-
-.B wipefs
-calls the BLKRRPART ioctl when it has erased a partition-table signature
-to inform the kernel about the change. The ioctl is called as the last step
-and when all specified signatures from all specified devices are already erased.
-This feature can be used to wipe content on partitions devices as well as partition
-table on a disk device, for example by \fBwipefs \-a /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc\fR.
-
-Note that some filesystems and some partition tables store more magic strings on
-the device (e.g., FAT, ZFS, GPT). The
-.B wipefs
-command (since v2.31) lists all the offset where a magic strings have been
-detected.
-
-When option \fB\-a\fR is used, all magic strings that are visible for libblkid are
-erased. In this case the
-.B wipefs
-scans the device again after each modification (erase) until no magic string is found.
-
-Note that by default
-.B wipefs
-does not erase nested partition tables on non-whole disk devices.
-For this the option \fB\-\-force\fR is required.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-all"
-Erase all available signatures. The set of erased signatures can be
-restricted with the \fB\-t\fR option.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-backup"
-Create a signature backup to the file $HOME/wipefs-<devname>-<offset>.bak.
-For more details see the \fBEXAMPLE\fR section.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-force"
-Force erasure, even if the filesystem is mounted. This is required in
-order to erase a partition-table signature on a block device.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json"
-Use JSON output format.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-.BR \-O , " \-\-output " \fIlist\fP
-Specify which output columns to print. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-no\-act"
-Causes everything to be done except for the write() call.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-offset " \fIoffset\fP
-Specify the location (in bytes) of the signature which should be erased from the
-device. The \fIoffset\fR number may include a "0x" prefix; then the number will be
-interpreted as a hex value. It is possible to specify multiple \fB\-o\fR options.
-.sp
-The \fIoffset\fR argument may be followed by the multiplicative
-suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB
-(the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB"), or the suffixes
-KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-parsable"
-Print out in parsable instead of printable format. Encode all potentially unsafe
-characters of a string to the corresponding hex value prefixed by '\\x'.
-.TP
-.BR \-q , " \-\-quiet"
-Suppress any messages after a successful signature wipe.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-types " \fIlist\fP
-Limit the set of printed or erased signatures. More than one type may
-be specified in a comma-separated list. The list or individual types
-can be prefixed with 'no' to specify the types on which no action should be
-taken. For more details see
-.BR mount (8).
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.TP
-.B wipefs /dev/sda*
-Prints information about sda and all partitions on sda.
-.TP
-.B wipefs \-\-all \-\-backup /dev/sdb
-Erases all signatures from the device /dev/sdb and creates a signature backup
-file \(ti/wipefs-sdb-<offset>.bak for each signature.
-.TP
-.B dd if=\(ti/wipefs-sdb-0x00000438.bak of=/dev/sdb seek=$((0x00000438)) bs=1 conv=notrunc
-Restores an ext2 signature from the backup file \(ti/wipefs-sdb-0x00000438.bak.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR blkid (8),
-.BR findfs (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The wipefs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
projects / thirdparty / util-linux.git / commitdiff
