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37c41ab1 1078%%EndFont
c302751c 1079%%BeginFont: CMMI9
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1080%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI9 003.002
1081%%Title: CMMI9
1082%Version: 003.002
1083%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1084%%Creator: David M. Jones
1085%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1086%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.
1087% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1088% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1089% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1090%%EndComments
1091FontDirectory/CMMI9 known{/CMMI9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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1095/FontType 1 def
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1102/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.) readonly def
c302751c 1103/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
37c41ab1
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1104/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
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1108/UnderlinePosition -100 def
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37c41ab1
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1311cleartomark
45c0f7f8 1312{restore}if
37c41ab1
CR
1313%%EndFont
1314%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
1315%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSLTT10 003.002
1316%%Title: CMSLTT10
1317%Version: 003.002
1318%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1319%%Creator: David M. Jones
1320%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1321%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.
1322% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1323% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1324% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1325%%EndComments
1326FontDirectory/CMSLTT10 known{/CMSLTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
1327/UniqueID get 5000800 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
1328{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 132911 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
1330/FontType 1 def
1331/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
1332/FontName /CMSLTT10 def
1333/FontBBox {-20 -233 617 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
1334/PaintType 0 def
1335/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
1336/version (003.002) readonly def
1337/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1338/FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
1339/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1340/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1341/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
1342/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
1343/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1344/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 1345end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1346/Encoding 256 array
13470 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de 1348dup 39 /quoteright put
d3ad40de
CR
1349dup 45 /hyphen put
1350dup 48 /zero put
1351dup 49 /one put
1352dup 50 /two put
1353dup 51 /three put
1354dup 58 /colon put
1355dup 65 /A put
1356dup 67 /C put
1357dup 68 /D put
1358dup 69 /E put
1359dup 70 /F put
1360dup 72 /H put
1361dup 73 /I put
1362dup 74 /J put
1363dup 76 /L put
1364dup 77 /M put
1365dup 78 /N put
1366dup 80 /P put
1367dup 82 /R put
1368dup 84 /T put
1369dup 88 /X put
b64a7d8c 1370dup 91 /bracketleft put
d3ad40de 1371dup 92 /backslash put
b64a7d8c 1372dup 93 /bracketright put
d3ad40de
CR
1373dup 95 /underscore put
1374dup 97 /a put
1375dup 98 /b put
1376dup 99 /c put
1377dup 100 /d put
1378dup 101 /e put
1379dup 102 /f put
1380dup 103 /g put
1381dup 104 /h put
1382dup 105 /i put
1383dup 106 /j put
1384dup 107 /k put
1385dup 108 /l put
1386dup 109 /m put
1387dup 110 /n put
1388dup 111 /o put
1389dup 112 /p put
1390dup 113 /q put
1391dup 114 /r put
1392dup 115 /s put
1393dup 116 /t put
1394dup 117 /u put
1395dup 118 /v put
1396dup 119 /w put
1397dup 120 /x put
1398dup 121 /y put
37c41ab1 1399readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1400currentdict end
1401currentfile eexec
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1831cleartomark
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37c41ab1
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1833%%EndFont
1834%%BeginFont: CMTT9
45c0f7f8
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1835%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT9 003.002
1836%%Title: CMTT9
1837%Version: 003.002
1838%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
1839%%Creator: David M. Jones
1840%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
1841%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.
1842% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
1843% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
1844% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
1845%%EndComments
1846FontDirectory/CMTT9 known{/CMTT9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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37c41ab1 184911 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
1850/FontType 1 def
1851/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
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45c0f7f8
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1854/PaintType 0 def
1855/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
1856/version (003.002) readonly def
1857/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
1858/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
1859/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1860/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1861/ItalicAngle 0 def
1862/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
1863/UnderlinePosition -100 def
1864/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 1865end readonly def
37c41ab1
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1866/Encoding 256 array
18670 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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CR
1868dup 33 /exclam put
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1870dup 36 /dollar put
1871dup 38 /ampersand put
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1879dup 47 /slash put
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1882dup 50 /two put
1883dup 51 /three put
1884dup 52 /four put
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1886dup 59 /semicolon put
1887dup 60 /less put
1888dup 62 /greater put
1889dup 63 /question put
1890dup 64 /at put
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1894dup 68 /D put
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1898dup 72 /H put
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1909dup 85 /U put
1910dup 86 /V put
1911dup 87 /W put
1912dup 88 /X put
1913dup 89 /Y put
1914dup 90 /Z put
1915dup 91 /bracketleft put
1916dup 93 /bracketright put
1917dup 94 /asciicircum put
1918dup 95 /underscore put
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1921dup 98 /b put
1922dup 99 /c put
1923dup 100 /d put
1924dup 101 /e put
1925dup 102 /f put
1926dup 103 /g put
1927dup 104 /h put
1928dup 105 /i put
1929dup 106 /j put
1930dup 107 /k put
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1932dup 109 /m put
1933dup 110 /n put
1934dup 111 /o put
1935dup 112 /p put
1936dup 113 /q put
1937dup 114 /r put
1938dup 115 /s put
1939dup 116 /t put
1940dup 117 /u put
1941dup 118 /v put
1942dup 119 /w put
1943dup 120 /x put
1944dup 121 /y put
1945dup 122 /z put
1946dup 123 /braceleft put
1947dup 125 /braceright put
1948dup 126 /asciitilde put
37c41ab1 1949readonly def
37c41ab1
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37c41ab1
CR
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2506cleartomark
45c0f7f8 2507{restore}if
37c41ab1 2508%%EndFont
c302751c 2509%%BeginFont: CMR10
45c0f7f8
CR
2510%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR10 003.002
2511%%Title: CMR10
2512%Version: 003.002
2513%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
2514%%Creator: David M. Jones
2515%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
2516%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR10.
2517% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
2518% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
2519% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
2520%%EndComments
2521FontDirectory/CMR10 known{/CMR10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
2522/UniqueID get 5000793 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
2523{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
37c41ab1 252411 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
2525/FontType 1 def
2526/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
2527/FontName /CMR10 def
2528/FontBBox {-40 -250 1009 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
2529/PaintType 0 def
2530/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
2531/version (003.002) readonly def
2532/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR10.) readonly def
c302751c 2533/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2534/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2535/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2536/ItalicAngle 0 def
2537/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
2538/UnderlinePosition -100 def
2539/UnderlineThickness 50 def
37c41ab1 2540end readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2541/Encoding 256 array
25420 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
d3ad40de
CR
2543dup 11 /ff put
2544dup 12 /fi put
c302751c
CR
2545dup 13 /fl put
2546dup 14 /ffi put
d3ad40de 2547dup 33 /exclam put
c302751c 2548dup 34 /quotedblright put
6e51e0d0 2549dup 35 /numbersign put
d3ad40de 2550dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c 2551dup 37 /percent put
a8fd3f3e 2552dup 38 /ampersand put
d3ad40de 2553dup 39 /quoteright put
c302751c
CR
2554dup 40 /parenleft put
2555dup 41 /parenright put
9f178efb 2556dup 42 /asterisk put
d3ad40de
CR
2557dup 44 /comma put
2558dup 45 /hyphen put
2559dup 46 /period put
c302751c 2560dup 47 /slash put
d3ad40de
CR
2561dup 48 /zero put
2562dup 49 /one put
2563dup 50 /two put
2564dup 51 /three put
2565dup 52 /four put
2566dup 53 /five put
2567dup 54 /six put
2568dup 55 /seven put
2569dup 56 /eight put
2570dup 57 /nine put
2571dup 58 /colon put
c302751c
CR
2572dup 59 /semicolon put
2573dup 61 /equal put
d3ad40de 2574dup 63 /question put
6e51e0d0 2575dup 64 /at put
d3ad40de
CR
2576dup 65 /A put
2577dup 66 /B put
2578dup 67 /C put
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2580dup 69 /E put
2581dup 70 /F put
2582dup 71 /G put
2583dup 72 /H put
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2585dup 74 /J put
2586dup 75 /K put
2587dup 76 /L put
2588dup 77 /M put
2589dup 78 /N put
2590dup 79 /O put
2591dup 80 /P put
2592dup 81 /Q put
2593dup 82 /R put
2594dup 83 /S put
2595dup 84 /T put
2596dup 85 /U put
2597dup 86 /V put
2598dup 87 /W put
2599dup 88 /X put
2600dup 89 /Y put
c302751c 2601dup 90 /Z put
d3ad40de 2602dup 91 /bracketleft put
c302751c 2603dup 92 /quotedblleft put
d3ad40de
CR
2604dup 93 /bracketright put
2605dup 96 /quoteleft put
2606dup 97 /a put
2607dup 98 /b put
2608dup 99 /c put
2609dup 100 /d put
2610dup 101 /e put
2611dup 102 /f put
2612dup 103 /g put
2613dup 104 /h put
2614dup 105 /i put
2615dup 106 /j put
2616dup 107 /k put
2617dup 108 /l put
2618dup 109 /m put
2619dup 110 /n put
2620dup 111 /o put
2621dup 112 /p put
2622dup 113 /q put
2623dup 114 /r put
2624dup 115 /s put
2625dup 116 /t put
2626dup 117 /u put
2627dup 118 /v put
2628dup 119 /w put
2629dup 120 /x put
2630dup 121 /y put
c302751c
CR
2631dup 122 /z put
2632dup 123 /endash put
2633dup 124 /emdash put
37c41ab1 2634readonly def
37c41ab1
CR
2635currentdict end
2636currentfile eexec
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6e51e0d0
CR
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37c41ab1
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34330000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3434cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3435{restore}if
37c41ab1 3436%%EndFont
c302751c 3437%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
45c0f7f8
CR
3438%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMCSC10 003.002
3439%%Title: CMCSC10
3440%Version: 003.002
3441%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3442%%Creator: David M. Jones
3443%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3444%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.
3445% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3446% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3447% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3448%%EndComments
3449FontDirectory/CMCSC10 known{/CMCSC10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3450/UniqueID get 5087402 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3451{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 345211 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
3453/FontType 1 def
3454/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3455/FontName /CMCSC10 def
3456/FontBBox {14 -250 1077 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
3457/PaintType 0 def
3458/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
3459/version (003.002) readonly def
3460/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
3461/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
3462/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3463/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3464/ItalicAngle 0 def
3465/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
3466/UnderlinePosition -100 def
3467/UnderlineThickness 50 def
3468/ascent 750 def
c302751c 3469end readonly def
c302751c
CR
3470/Encoding 256 array
34710 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3472dup 45 /hyphen put
3473dup 47 /slash put
3474dup 50 /two put
3475dup 97 /a put
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3477dup 99 /c put
3478dup 100 /d put
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3492readonly def
c302751c
CR
3493currentdict end
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c302751c
CR
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3804cleartomark
45c0f7f8 3805{restore}if
c302751c 3806%%EndFont
037a8b7f
CR
3807%%BeginFont: CMTT12
3808%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT12 003.002
3809%%Title: CMTT12
3810%Version: 003.002
3811%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
3812%%Creator: David M. Jones
3813%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
3814%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.
3815% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
3816% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
3817% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
3818%%EndComments
3819FontDirectory/CMTT12 known{/CMTT12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
3820/UniqueID get 5000833 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
3821{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
382211 dict begin
3823/FontType 1 def
3824/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
3825/FontName /CMTT12 def
3826/FontBBox {-1 -234 524 695 }readonly def
3827/PaintType 0 def
3828/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
3829/version (003.002) readonly def
3830/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT12.) readonly def
3831/FullName (CMTT12) readonly def
3832/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3833/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3834/ItalicAngle 0 def
3835/isFixedPitch true def
3836/UnderlinePosition -100 def
3837/UnderlineThickness 50 def
3838end readonly def
3839/Encoding 256 array
38400 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3841dup 45 /hyphen put
3842dup 103 /g put
3843dup 104 /h put
3844dup 105 /i put
3845dup 108 /l put
3846dup 110 /n put
3847dup 111 /o put
3848dup 115 /s put
3849readonly def
3850currentdict end
3851currentfile eexec
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3933cleartomark
3934{restore}if
3935%%EndFont
50fc6e33
CR
3936%%BeginFont: SFRM1095
3937%!FontType1-1.0: SFRM1095 0.3
3938%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 12 2001
3939% Copyright (c) 2001 Vladimir Volovich <vvv@vsu.ru>.
3940% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
3941% Converted from METAFONT EC/TC and LH fonts:
3942% ecrm1095, tcrm1095, larm1095, lbrm1095, lcrm1095, rxrm1095.
394311 dict begin
3944/FontInfo 6 dict dup begin
3945/version (0.3) def
3946/FullName (Computer Modern Roman) def
3947/FamilyName (Computer Modern) def
3948/ItalicAngle 0 def
3949/isFixedPitch false def
3950/Weight (Medium) def
3951end readonly def
3952/FontName /SFRM1095 def
3953/Encoding StandardEncoding def
3954/PaintType 0 def
3955/FontType 1 def
3956/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] def
3957/FontBBox{-188 -320 1445 942}readonly def
3958currentdict end
3959currentfile eexec
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4187CD41
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41890000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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41950000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
4196cleartomark
4197%%EndFont
c302751c 4198%%BeginFont: CMBX12
45c0f7f8
CR
4199%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMBX12 003.002
4200%%Title: CMBX12
4201%Version: 003.002
4202%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
4203%%Creator: David M. Jones
4204%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
4205%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.
4206% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
4207% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
4208% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
4209%%EndComments
4210FontDirectory/CMBX12 known{/CMBX12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
4211/UniqueID get 5000769 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
4212{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 421311 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
4214/FontType 1 def
4215/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
4216/FontName /CMBX12 def
4217/FontBBox {-53 -251 1139 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
4218/PaintType 0 def
4219/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
4220/version (003.002) readonly def
4221/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
4222/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
4223/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
4224/Weight (Bold) readonly def
4225/ItalicAngle 0 def
4226/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
4227/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4228/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 4229end readonly def
c302751c
CR
4230/Encoding 256 array
42310 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4232dup 11 /ff put
4233dup 12 /fi put
4234dup 33 /exclam put
4235dup 35 /numbersign put
4236dup 36 /dollar put
c302751c
CR
4237dup 42 /asterisk put
4238dup 44 /comma put
4239dup 45 /hyphen put
4240dup 46 /period put
4241dup 48 /zero put
4242dup 49 /one put
4243dup 50 /two put
4244dup 51 /three put
4245dup 52 /four put
4246dup 53 /five put
4247dup 54 /six put
4248dup 55 /seven put
4249dup 56 /eight put
4250dup 57 /nine put
4251dup 58 /colon put
4252dup 63 /question put
4253dup 64 /at put
4254dup 65 /A put
4255dup 66 /B put
4256dup 67 /C put
4257dup 68 /D put
4258dup 69 /E put
4259dup 70 /F put
4260dup 71 /G put
4261dup 72 /H put
4262dup 73 /I put
4263dup 74 /J put
4264dup 75 /K put
4265dup 76 /L put
4266dup 77 /M put
4267dup 78 /N put
4268dup 79 /O put
4269dup 80 /P put
4270dup 81 /Q put
4271dup 82 /R put
4272dup 83 /S put
4273dup 84 /T put
4274dup 85 /U put
4275dup 86 /V put
4276dup 87 /W put
4277dup 88 /X put
4278dup 89 /Y put
4279dup 91 /bracketleft put
4280dup 93 /bracketright put
c302751c
CR
4281dup 97 /a put
4282dup 98 /b put
4283dup 99 /c put
4284dup 100 /d put
4285dup 101 /e put
4286dup 102 /f put
4287dup 103 /g put
4288dup 104 /h put
4289dup 105 /i put
4290dup 106 /j put
4291dup 107 /k put
4292dup 108 /l put
4293dup 109 /m put
4294dup 110 /n put
4295dup 111 /o put
4296dup 112 /p put
4297dup 113 /q put
4298dup 114 /r put
4299dup 115 /s put
4300dup 116 /t put
4301dup 117 /u put
4302dup 118 /v put
4303dup 119 /w put
4304dup 120 /x put
4305dup 121 /y put
037a8b7f 4306dup 123 /endash put
c302751c 4307readonly def
c302751c
CR
4308currentdict end
4309currentfile eexec
45c0f7f8
CR
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c302751c
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4924cleartomark
45c0f7f8 4925{restore}if
c302751c
CR
4926%%EndFont
4927%%BeginFont: CMTI10
45c0f7f8
CR
4928%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTI10 003.002
4929%%Title: CMTI10
4930%Version: 003.002
4931%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
4932%%Creator: David M. Jones
4933%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
4934%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.
4935% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
4936% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
4937% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
4938%%EndComments
4939FontDirectory/CMTI10 known{/CMTI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
4940/UniqueID get 5000828 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
4941{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 494211 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
4943/FontType 1 def
4944/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
4945/FontName /CMTI10 def
4946/FontBBox {-35 -250 1124 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
4947/PaintType 0 def
4948/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
4949/version (003.002) readonly def
4950/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
4951/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
4952/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
4953/Weight (Medium) readonly def
4954/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
4955/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
4956/UnderlinePosition -100 def
4957/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 4958end readonly def
c302751c
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4959/Encoding 256 array
49600 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
4961dup 12 /fi put
4962dup 45 /hyphen put
4963dup 97 /a put
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4965dup 100 /d put
4966dup 101 /e put
4967dup 103 /g put
4968dup 105 /i put
e6983002 4969dup 107 /k put
c302751c
CR
4970dup 108 /l put
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4980readonly def
c302751c
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4981currentdict end
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5326%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI10 003.002
5327%%Title: CMMI10
5328%Version: 003.002
5329%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5330%%Creator: David M. Jones
5331%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5332%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.
5333% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5334% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5335% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5336%%EndComments
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5341/FontType 1 def
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5344/FontBBox {-32 -250 1048 750 }readonly def
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5345/PaintType 0 def
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5347/version (003.002) readonly def
5348/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.) readonly def
c302751c
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5349/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
5350/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5351/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5352/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5353/isFixedPitch false def
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5354/UnderlinePosition -100 def
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5356/ascent 750 def
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5362currentdict end
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5557cleartomark
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5559%%EndFont
5560%%BeginFont: CMMI12
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5561%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI12 003.002
5562%%Title: CMMI12
5563%Version: 003.002
5564%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5565%%Creator: David M. Jones
5566%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
5567%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.
5568% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5569% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5570% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5571%%EndComments
5572FontDirectory/CMMI12 known{/CMMI12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
5573/UniqueID get 5087386 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
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c302751c 557511 dict begin
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5576/FontType 1 def
5577/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
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5579/FontBBox {-31 -250 1026 750 }readonly def
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5580/PaintType 0 def
5581/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
5582/version (003.002) readonly def
5583/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
5584/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
5585/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5586/Weight (Medium) readonly def
5587/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
5588/isFixedPitch false def
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5589/UnderlinePosition -100 def
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c302751c 5592end readonly def
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5597currentdict end
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5792cleartomark
45c0f7f8 5793{restore}if
c302751c 5794%%EndFont
0fcb3344
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5795%%BeginFont: CMSY10
5796%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSY10 003.002
5797%%Title: CMSY10
45c0f7f8
CR
5798%Version: 003.002
5799%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
5800%%Creator: David M. Jones
5801%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
0fcb3344 5802%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.
45c0f7f8
CR
5803% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
5804% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
5805% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
5806%%EndComments
0fcb3344
CR
5807FontDirectory/CMSY10 known{/CMSY10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
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c302751c 581011 dict begin
45c0f7f8
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5811/FontType 1 def
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0fcb3344
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5813/FontName /CMSY10 def
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5816/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
5817/version (003.002) readonly def
5818/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.) readonly def
5819/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
5820/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
5821/Weight (Medium) readonly def
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6047cleartomark
6048{restore}if
6049%%EndFont
6050%%BeginFont: CMSL10
6051%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSL10 003.002
6052%%Title: CMSL10
6053%Version: 003.002
6054%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
6055%%Creator: David M. Jones
6056%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
6057%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.
6058% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
6059% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
6060% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
6061%%EndComments
6062FontDirectory/CMSL10 known{/CMSL10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
6063/UniqueID get 5000798 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
6064{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
606511 dict begin
6066/FontType 1 def
6067/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
6068/FontName /CMSL10 def
6069/FontBBox {-62 -250 1123 750 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
6070/PaintType 0 def
6071/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
6072/version (003.002) readonly def
037a8b7f
CR
6073/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.) readonly def
6074/FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
c302751c
CR
6075/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
6076/Weight (Medium) readonly def
037a8b7f 6077/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
c302751c 6078/isFixedPitch false def
45c0f7f8
CR
6079/UnderlinePosition -100 def
6080/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 6081end readonly def
c302751c
CR
6082/Encoding 256 array
60830 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
037a8b7f
CR
6084dup 11 /ff put
6085dup 12 /fi put
6086dup 14 /ffi put
f6029107 6087dup 33 /exclam put
037a8b7f
CR
6088dup 36 /dollar put
6089dup 45 /hyphen put
6090dup 49 /one put
6091dup 50 /two put
6092dup 51 /three put
037a8b7f
CR
6093dup 65 /A put
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6095dup 67 /C put
6096dup 68 /D put
6097dup 69 /E put
6098dup 70 /F put
6099dup 71 /G put
6100dup 72 /H put
6101dup 73 /I put
6102dup 75 /K put
6103dup 76 /L put
6104dup 77 /M put
6105dup 78 /N put
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6bd75b8d 6108dup 81 /Q put
037a8b7f
CR
6109dup 82 /R put
6110dup 83 /S put
6111dup 84 /T put
6112dup 85 /U put
6113dup 87 /W put
6114dup 88 /X put
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6117dup 98 /b put
6118dup 99 /c put
6119dup 100 /d put
6120dup 101 /e put
6121dup 102 /f put
6122dup 103 /g put
6123dup 104 /h put
6124dup 105 /i put
6125dup 106 /j put
6126dup 107 /k put
6127dup 108 /l put
6128dup 109 /m put
6129dup 110 /n put
6130dup 111 /o put
6131dup 112 /p put
6132dup 113 /q put
6133dup 114 /r put
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6135dup 116 /t put
6136dup 117 /u put
6137dup 118 /v put
6138dup 119 /w put
6139dup 120 /x put
6140dup 121 /y put
b729dac1 6141dup 122 /z put
c302751c 6142readonly def
c302751c
CR
6143currentdict end
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6bd75b8d
CR
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c302751c
CR
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67510000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6752cleartomark
45c0f7f8 6753{restore}if
c302751c
CR
6754%%EndFont
6755%%BeginFont: CMTT10
45c0f7f8
CR
6756%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT10 003.002
6757%%Title: CMTT10
6758%Version: 003.002
6759%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
6760%%Creator: David M. Jones
6761%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
6762%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.
6763% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
6764% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
6765% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
6766%%EndComments
6767FontDirectory/CMTT10 known{/CMTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
6768/UniqueID get 5000832 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
6769{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
c302751c 677011 dict begin
45c0f7f8
CR
6771/FontType 1 def
6772/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
6773/FontName /CMTT10 def
6774/FontBBox {-4 -233 537 696 }readonly def
45c0f7f8
CR
6775/PaintType 0 def
6776/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
6777/version (003.002) readonly def
6778/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.) readonly def
c302751c
CR
6779/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
6780/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
6781/Weight (Medium) readonly def
6782/ItalicAngle 0 def
6783/isFixedPitch true def
45c0f7f8
CR
6784/UnderlinePosition -100 def
6785/UnderlineThickness 50 def
c302751c 6786end readonly def
c302751c
CR
6787/Encoding 256 array
67880 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
6789dup 33 /exclam put
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6792dup 36 /dollar put
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6794dup 38 /ampersand put
6795dup 39 /quoteright put
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6797dup 41 /parenright put
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6799dup 43 /plus put
6800dup 44 /comma put
6801dup 45 /hyphen put
6802dup 46 /period put
6803dup 47 /slash put
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6805dup 49 /one put
6806dup 50 /two put
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6810dup 54 /six put
6811dup 55 /seven put
6812dup 56 /eight put
6813dup 57 /nine put
6814dup 58 /colon put
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6817dup 61 /equal put
6818dup 62 /greater put
6819dup 63 /question put
6820dup 64 /at put
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6853dup 98 /b put
6854dup 99 /c put
6855dup 100 /d put
6856dup 101 /e put
6857dup 102 /f put
6858dup 103 /g put
6859dup 104 /h put
6860dup 105 /i put
6861dup 106 /j put
6862dup 107 /k put
6863dup 108 /l put
6864dup 109 /m put
6865dup 110 /n put
6866dup 111 /o put
6867dup 112 /p put
6868dup 113 /q put
6869dup 114 /r put
6870dup 115 /s put
6871dup 116 /t put
6872dup 117 /u put
6873dup 118 /v put
6874dup 119 /w put
6875dup 120 /x put
6876dup 121 /y put
6877dup 122 /z put
6878dup 123 /braceleft put
6879dup 124 /bar put
6880dup 125 /braceright put
6881dup 126 /asciitilde put
6882readonly def
c302751c
CR
6883currentdict end
6884currentfile eexec
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CR
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37c41ab1
CR
8390b(Optionally)40 b(w)m(aits)g(for)f(the)g(command)g(to)h(complete)g(and)
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CR
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CR
8411b(expansion)h Fu(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Ft(!)p
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CR
8416b(are)h(three)f(quoting)h(mec)m(hanisms:)56 b(the)38
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e59452c7
CR
8418150 1480 y(quotes.)150 1677 y Fk(3.1.2.1)63 b(Escap)s(e)41
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CR
8425(kslash)g(itself)g(is)g(not)g(quoted,)g(the)f Ft(\\newline)f
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CR
84272153 y(is,)f(it)g(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h(input)e(stream)i
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CR
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CR
8436b(c)m(haracters)h(in)f(double)f(quotes)h(\(`)p Ft(")p
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6e51e0d0
CR
8439b(quotes,)h(with)f(the)g(exception)h(of)f(`)p Ft($)p
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967625cd
CR
8447Fu(')e(and)g(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(')g(retain)h(their)f(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)f
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CR
8452(c)m(haracters:)63 b(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)43 b(`)p Ft(`)p
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CR
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CR
8462(erformed)g(unless)g(an)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(double)
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e59452c7
CR
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967625cd
CR
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CR
8468(quotes)h(\(see)150 4509 y(Section)31 b(3.5.3)h([Shell)f(P)m(arameter)h
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CR
8470b(ANSI-C)40 b(Quoting)150 4854 y Fu(Character)33 b(sequences)h(of)f
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e59452c7
CR
8473(expands)e(to)i Fr(string)p Fu(,)h(with)e(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(ed)h(c)m
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5e13499c 8479%%Page: 7 13
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e59452c7
CR
8482y Ft(\\b)384 b Fu(bac)m(kspace)150 466 y Ft(\\e)150 576
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e59452c7
CR
8508(presen)m(t.)150 3845 y Fk(3.1.2.5)63 b(Lo)s(cale-Sp)s(eci\014c)41
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CR
85224540 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)31 b(or)d(if)g(the)h(string)f(is)g(not)g
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CR
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CR
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9007Ft(;;)p Fu(')g(causes)h(the)f(shell)h(to)g(test)g(the)f(patterns)g(in)g
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90114598 y(statemen)m(t)32 b(execution)g(as)e(if)h(the)f(pattern)h(list)g
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90185214 y(same)c(syn)m(tax)g(as)f(the)h Ft(for)e Fu(command:)870
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90663376 y Ft([[...)o(]])870 3511 y([[)47 b Fj(expression)e
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90774194 y(sion,)j(command)g(substitution,)g(pro)s(cess)g(substitution,)g
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9087b(the)h(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(!=)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(are)
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9552(exit)h(status)150 3093 y(of)h(the)f(last)h(command)f(executed)i(b)s
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9579b(and)f(assignmen)m(ts)h(refer)f(to)i(the)f(lo)s(cal)g(v)-5
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9586b(scoping,)i(visible)e(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(and)f(their)h(v)-5
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9590b(of)h(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(that)g(a)150 5121 y(function)30
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9598%%Page: 21 27
9599TeXDict begin 21 26 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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9600b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(21)275 299
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9616Fu(The)32 b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(also)i(acts)g(using)e(the)i(same)f
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9619Ft(unset)e Fu(will)h(unset)g(it;)j(otherwise)e(the)f(unset)f(will)h
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96212578 y(an)m(y)27 b(calling)i(scop)s(e)e(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)
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9641y(and)g(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)h(if)f(the)g Ft(extdebug)d
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9646b(ha)m(v)m(e)e(them)e(de\014ned)g(with)g(the)h Ft(-f)f
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96544266 y(is)j(placed)h(on)g(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(recursiv)m(e)f
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9657f(stores)g(v)-5 b(alues.)66 b(It)39 b(can)g(b)s(e)f(a)h
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9660b(A)35 b Fr(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b Fu(is)34 b(a)h(parameter)h(denoted)e(b)
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9667y(A)d(parameter)h(is)g(set)g(if)f(it)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(assigned)h(a)g
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9671(using)g(the)g Ft(unset)f Fu(builtin)h(command.)p eop
9672end
9673%%Page: 22 28
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9679b(alue)49 b Fu(is)43 b(not)h(giv)m(en,)k(the)c(v)-5 b(ariable)44
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9682y(expansion,)25 b(parameter)f(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)25
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9687Ft(integer)e Fu(attribute)i(set,)i(then)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)42
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9692(expansion)g(are)g(not)h(p)s(erformed.)37 b(Assignmen)m(t)27
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9700(ear)f(in)g(a)h(command)f(after)h(one)g(or)g(more)g(instances)g(of)150
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9707(can)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(app)s(end)150 2021 y(to)h(or)g(add)e(to)j
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9713b(ariable)37 b(for)f(whic)m(h)f(the)i Ft(integer)d Fu(attribute)i(has)g
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9716(added)h(to)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable's)29 b(curren)m(t)e(v)-5
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9728b(to)h(a)f(string-v)-5 b(alued)28 b(v)-5 b(ariable,)29
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9731b(ariable)28 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(the)h Ft(nameref)d
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9736b(ariable.)40 b(This)24 b(allo)m(ws)j(v)-5 b(ariables)26
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9856b(Expands)c(to)j(the)f(pro)s(cess)g Fm(id)g Fu(of)g(the)g(shell.)61
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98585340 y(pro)s(cess)30 b Fm(id)g Fu(of)h(the)g(in)m(v)m(oking)g(shell,)g
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9976(formed)150 2384 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g(left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275
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10016b(b)m(y)h(a)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)j(the)d
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10019g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f
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10025(a)g(leading)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(or)150 5340 y(`)p Ft(-)p
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10027%%Page: 26 32
10028TeXDict begin 26 31 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10071y(When)44 b(braces)i(are)f(used,)j(the)e(matc)m(hing)g(ending)f(brace)g
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100753857 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(or)h(parameter)g(expansion.)275
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10079b(The)31 b Fr(parameter)39 b Fu(is)31 b(a)h(shell)f(parameter)h(as)g
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10096b(of)f(the)h(expansion,)g(rather)g(than)f(the)h(expansion)f(of)h(the)g
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10103(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(referenced)g(b)m(y)f
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10106(this)f(are)h(the)f(expansions)g(of)g($)p Fi({)p Fu(!)p
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10108Fu(!)p Fr(name)5 b Fu([@])p Fi(})p eop end
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10505(h)i(and)e(con)m(v)m(ert)j(only)d(the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d
10506(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 b(alue.)630 2118 y(If)30 b Fr(pattern)g
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10507Fu(is)h(omitted,)g(it)g(is)g(treated)g(lik)m(e)h(a)f(`)p
10508Ft(?)p Fu(',)f(whic)m(h)g(matc)m(hes)i(ev)m(ery)f(c)m(haracter.)630
b64a7d8c 105092250 y(If)23 b Fr(parameter)31 b Fu(is)24 b(`)p Ft(@)p
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10510Fu(')g(or)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)f(case)h(mo)s(di\014cation)f(op)s
10511(eration)g(is)g(applied)g(to)g(eac)m(h)h(p)s(osi-)630
b64a7d8c 105122359 y(tional)h(parameter)e(in)h(turn,)f(and)g(the)h(expansion)f(is)g
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b64a7d8c 10514b Fu(is)630 2469 y(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31
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10515b(subscripted)d(with)i(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)f(`)p Ft(*)p
10516Fu(',)i(the)f(case)g(mo)s(di\014cation)h(op)s(eration)f(is)630
b64a7d8c 105172578 y(applied)d(to)g(eac)m(h)h(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g
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105192688 y(list.)150 2841 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(@)p
10520Fj(operator)p Ft(})630 2951 y Fu(The)h(expansion)h(is)f(either)h(a)g
7a8455e4 10521(transformation)g(of)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)g Fr(parameter)35
b64a7d8c 10522b Fu(or)29 b(informa-)630 3061 y(tion)e(ab)s(out)f Fr(parameter)33
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10523b Fu(itself,)28 b(dep)s(ending)c(on)i(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)26
10524b(of)h Fr(op)s(erator)p Fu(.)39 b(Eac)m(h)27 b Fr(op)s(erator)630
b64a7d8c 105253170 y Fu(is)j(a)h(single)g(letter:)630 3324 y Ft(U)432
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10526b Fu(The)31 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)g(string)h(that)f(is)h(the)f(v)-5
10527b(alue)32 b(of)f Fr(parameter)38 b Fu(with)31 b(lo)m(w-)1110
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105283433 y(ercase)g(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m(haracters)h(con)m(v)m(erted)g(to)f
10529(upp)s(ercase.)630 3587 y Ft(u)432 b Fu(The)34 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)h
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b64a7d8c 10531b Fu(with)34 b(the)1110 3696 y(\014rst)c(c)m(haracter)i(con)m(v)m
3011048a 10532(erted)f(to)h(upp)s(ercase,)d(if)i(it)g(is)f(alphab)s(etic.)630
b64a7d8c 105333850 y Ft(L)432 b Fu(The)33 b(expansion)h(is)g(a)g(string)g(that)h(is)f
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10535b(up-)1110 3959 y(p)s(ercase)c(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters)h(con)m(v)
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d37a4722 10538b(alue)31 b(of)g Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(quoted)31 b(in)1110
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105394222 y(a)g(format)f(that)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(reused)f(as)i(input.)630
105404376 y Ft(E)432 b Fu(The)27 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)g(string)h(that)f(is)h
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10548([Con)m(trolling)1110 4967 y(the)31 b(Prompt],)f(page)h(107\).)630
105495121 y Ft(A)432 b Fu(The)24 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)h(string)f(in)g(the)g
e59452c7 10550(form)g(of)h(an)f(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(or)1110
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105515230 y Ft(declare)h Fu(command)i(that,)h(if)f(ev)-5 b(aluated,)31
10552b(will)e(recreate)i Fr(parameter)36 b Fu(with)1110 5340
10553y(its)31 b(attributes)g(and)e(v)-5 b(alue.)p eop end
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10554%%Page: 34 40
10555TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10556b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(34)630 299
10557y Ft(K)432 b Fu(Pro)s(duces)33 b(a)i(p)s(ossibly-quoted)e(v)m(ersion)i
10558(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)h Fr(parameter)p Fu(,)g(ex-)1110
10559408 y(cept)46 b(that)h(it)f(prin)m(ts)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)47
10560b(of)f(indexed)f(and)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys)1110
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10563628 y(page)29 b(103\).)41 b(The)28 b(k)m(eys)g(and)f(v)-5
10564b(alues)29 b(are)f(quoted)g(in)f(a)i(format)f(that)g(can)h(b)s(e)1110
10565737 y(reused)h(as)g(input.)630 896 y Ft(a)432 b Fu(The)30
b64a7d8c 10566b(expansion)g(is)g(a)h(string)f(consisting)h(of)g(\015ag)g(v)-5
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10567b(alues)30 b(represen)m(ting)h Fr(pa-)1110 1006 y(rameter)7
10568b Fu('s)31 b(attributes.)630 1165 y Ft(k)432 b Fu(Lik)m(e)29
b64a7d8c 10569b(the)g(`)p Ft(K)p Fu(')g(transformation,)g(but)f(expands)g(the)g(k)m
e6795c05 10570(eys)i(and)d(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(of)g(in-)1110 1275 y(dexed)c(and)f(asso)
b64a7d8c 10571s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys)d(to)h(separate)f(w)m(ords)g(after)g(w)m(ord)g
e6795c05 10572(splitting.)630 1434 y(If)k Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(is)30
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10573b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)g(the)g(op)s(eration)g(is)g
10574(applied)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(p)s(ositional)f(parameter)630
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b64a7d8c 10576h(list.)39 b(If)23 b Fr(parameter)31 b Fu(is)24 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
e6795c05 10577b(ariable)630 1653 y(subscripted)24 b(with)h(`)p Ft(@)p
d052bd6f 10578Fu(')h(or)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)e(op)s(eration)h(is)g(applied)f(to)h
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7a8455e4 10582b(ject)27 b(to)h(w)m(ord)g(splitting)g(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion)630
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105832007 y(as)j(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 2206 y Fk(3.5.4)63
10584b(Command)41 b(Substitution)150 2352 y Fu(Command)24
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e2520247 10587y(standard)30 b(form)f(of)i(command)f(substitution)g(o)s(ccurs)g(when)g
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10588(a)g(command)h(is)f(enclosed)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:)390 2596
10589y Ft($\()p Fj(command)p Ft(\))150 2731 y Fu(or)f(\(deprecated\))390
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10591b(p)s(erforms)e(command)i(substitution)f(b)m(y)h(executing)h
10592Fr(command)i Fu(in)c(a)h(subshell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(and)150
e6795c05 105933109 y(replacing)35 b(the)f(command)g(substitution)g(with)f(the)i
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e6795c05 105953219 y(trailing)j(newlines)f(deleted.)58 b(Em)m(b)s(edded)34
e2520247 10596b(newlines)i(are)g(not)g(deleted,)j(but)c(they)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(remo)
e6795c05 10597m(v)m(ed)150 3328 y(during)40 b(w)m(ord)i(splitting.)75
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10598b(The)41 b(command)g(substitution)g Ft($\(cat)29 b Fj(file)p
10599Ft(\))40 b Fu(can)i(b)s(e)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(the)150
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106003438 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(but)d(faster)i Ft($\(<)f
10601Fj(file)p Ft(\))p Fu(.)275 3572 y(With)h(the)h(old-st)m(yle)h(bac)m
e2520247 10602(kquote)g(form)e(of)h(substitution,)f(bac)m(kslash)h(retains)g(its)g
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10604(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)j(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(',)f(or)f(`)p Ft(\\)p
10605Fu('.)57 b(The)35 b(\014rst)g(bac)m(kquote)i(not)f(preceded)g(b)m(y)f
e6795c05 10606(a)h(bac)m(kslash)150 3791 y(terminates)k(the)e(command)h
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10607(substitution.)65 b(When)39 b(using)f(the)h Ft($\()p
10608Fj(command)p Ft(\))c Fu(form,)41 b(all)e(c)m(haracters)150
e6795c05 106093901 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)31 b(the)g(paren)m(theses)f(mak)m(e)i(up)d(the)
e2520247 10610h(command;)h(none)f(are)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275
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106114035 y(There)29 b(is)i(an)f(alternate)i(form)e(of)h(command)f
10612(substitution:)390 4170 y Ft(${)p Fj(c)47 b(command)p
10613Ft(;)e(})150 4304 y Fu(whic)m(h)38 b(executes)i Fr(command)i
e2520247 10614Fu(in)d(the)g(curren)m(t)f(execution)i(en)m(vironmen)m(t)f(and)f
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10615(captures)h(its)g(output,)150 4414 y(again)31 b(with)f(trailing)i
10616(newlines)e(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275 4548 y(The)40 b(c)m(haracter)i
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10617Fr(c)47 b Fu(follo)m(wing)42 b(the)f(op)s(en)g(brace)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)
10618h(a)g(space,)j(tab,)g(newline,)g(or)d(`)p Ft(|)p Fu(',)j(and)150
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76112093 10622(as)h(semicolon\).)47 b(Bash)32 b(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(close)h(brace)f(to)
e6795c05 10623h(b)s(e)e(joined)h(to)150 4877 y(the)f(remaining)g(c)m(haracters)h(in)e
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b64a7d8c 10626(w)m(ould)g(usually)g(require.)275 5121 y(An)m(y)j(side)h(e\013ects)h
76112093 10627(of)e Fr(command)k Fu(tak)m(e)e(e\013ect)h(immediately)e(in)g(the)f
b64a7d8c 10628(curren)m(t)h(execution)h(en)m(viron-)150 5230 y(men)m(t)d(and)g(p)s
76112093 10629(ersist)f(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(after)f(the)g
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10630(command)g(completes)h(\(e.g.,)h(the)e Ft(exit)150 5340
10631y Fu(builtin)e(will)h(exit)g(the)g(shell\).)p eop end
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10632%%Page: 35 41
10633TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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10634b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)275 299
10635y(This)31 b(t)m(yp)s(e)i(of)g(command)f(substitution)g(sup)s
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10639(and)e(the)h Ft(return)150 518 y Fu(builtin)k(forces)i
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10644g(the)f(op)s(en)f(brace)h(is)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu(',)h(the)f(construct)g
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10646Ft(REPLY)e Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(after)g Fr(command)j
10647Fu(executes,)g(without)d(remo)m(ving)g(an)m(y)g(trailing)h(newlines,)
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106561451 y(F)d(or)23 b(example,)i(this)e(construct)g(expands)f(to)i(`)p
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b64a7d8c 10663(vironmen)m(t,)i(as)e(with)g(normal)150 2056 y(shell)38
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10664b(function)g(execution\),)43 b(while)38 b(this)g(construct)h(do)s(es)f
10665(not)g(require)g(an)m(y)h(output)f(to)h(expand)e(to)150
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106662166 y(`)p Ft(12345)p Fu(':)390 2304 y Ft(${|)47 b(REPLY=12345;)d(})150
106672441 y Fu(and)30 b(restores)h Ft(REPLY)e Fu(to)i(the)f(v)-5
e2520247 10668b(alue)31 b(it)g(had)f(b)s(efore)g(the)g(command)g(substitution.)275
b64a7d8c 106692579 y(Command)22 b(substitutions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(nested.)39
e2520247 10670b(T)-8 b(o)23 b(nest)g(when)f(using)h(the)g(bac)m(kquoted)h(form,)g
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10671(escap)s(e)150 2689 y(the)31 b(inner)e(bac)m(kquotes)j(with)e(bac)m
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10674(splitting)150 2936 y(and)g(\014lename)g(expansion)h(on)f(the)g
10675(results.)150 3139 y Fk(3.5.5)63 b(Arithmetic)40 b(Expansion)150
106763286 y Fu(Arithmetic)25 b(expansion)g(allo)m(ws)g(the)g(ev)-5
fc527055 10677b(aluation)26 b(of)f(an)f(arithmetic)i(expression)e(and)g(the)g
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10678(substitution)150 3396 y(of)31 b(the)f(result.)41 b(The)30
10679b(format)g(for)g(arithmetic)i(expansion)e(is:)390 3534
10680y Ft($\(\()47 b Fj(expression)e Ft(\)\))275 3672 y Fu(The)34
e59452c7 10681b Fr(expression)h Fu(undergo)s(es)f(the)h(same)h(expansions)e(as)i(if)f
b64a7d8c 10682(it)g(w)m(ere)h(within)e(double)h(quotes,)i(but)150 3781
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10683y(double)g(quote)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)d Fr(expression)h
10684Fu(are)g(not)g(treated)h(sp)s(ecially)g(and)f(are)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)61
b64a7d8c 10685b(All)38 b(to-)150 3891 y(k)m(ens)c(in)f(the)h(expression)f(undergo)g
e59452c7 10686(parameter)h(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(expansion,)h(command)e
b64a7d8c 10687(substitution,)150 4000 y(and)41 b(quote)i(remo)m(v)-5
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b64a7d8c 10689(expression)f(to)g(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated.)150 4110
e2520247 10690y(Arithmetic)31 b(expansions)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(nested.)275
b64a7d8c 106914248 y(The)k(ev)-5 b(aluation)37 b(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(according)i(to)g
d052bd6f 10692(the)g(rules)f(listed)h(b)s(elo)m(w)g(\(see)g(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell)
b64a7d8c 10693150 4357 y(Arithmetic],)29 b(page)e(101\).)41 b(If)27
e2520247 10694b(the)f(expression)h(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)29 b(Bash)d(prin)m(ts)g(a)i
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10695(message)f(indicating)h(failure)150 4467 y(to)j(the)g(standard)e(error)
10696h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s(ccurs.)150 4670 y Fk(3.5.6)63
10697b(Pro)s(cess)42 b(Substitution)150 4817 y Fu(Pro)s(cess)33
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10698b(substitution)g(allo)m(ws)i(a)e(pro)s(cess's)g(input)f(or)h(output)g
10699(to)h(b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)i(using)f(a)g(\014lename.)150
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107004926 y(It)d(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390 5064 y Ft(<\()p
10701Fj(list)p Ft(\))150 5202 y Fu(or)390 5340 y Ft(>\()p
10702Fj(list)p Ft(\))p eop end
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10703%%Page: 36 42
10704TeXDict begin 36 41 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
10705b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(36)150 299
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10706y(The)28 b(pro)s(cess)h Fr(list)j Fu(is)d(run)e(async)m(hronously)-8
10707b(,)30 b(and)e(its)i(input)e(or)h(output)f(app)s(ears)h(as)g(a)g
10708(\014lename.)41 b(This)150 408 y(\014lename)25 b(is)g(passed)g(as)g(an)
10709g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(command)g(as)g(the)g(result)g
10710(of)g(the)h(expansion.)38 b(If)150 518 y(the)28 b Ft(>\()p
10711Fj(list)p Ft(\))d Fu(form)i(is)g(used,)h(writing)f(to)h(the)g(\014le)f
10712(will)h(pro)m(vide)g(input)e(for)h Fr(list)p Fu(.)41
10713b(If)26 b(the)i Ft(<\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))d Fu(form)150
10714628 y(is)g(used,)g(the)f(\014le)h(passed)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h
10715(should)e(b)s(e)h(read)h(to)g(obtain)g(the)f(output)g(of)h
10716Fr(list)p Fu(.)40 b(Note)25 b(that)150 737 y(no)33 b(space)g(ma)m(y)g
10717(app)s(ear)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f Ft(<)f Fu(or)h
10718Ft(>)f Fu(and)g(the)h(left)h(paren)m(thesis,)f(otherwise)h(the)f
10719(construct)150 847 y(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)g(as)h(a)f
10720(redirection.)59 b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(substitution)g(is)h(supp)s(orted)d
10721(on)i(systems)g(that)150 956 y(supp)s(ort)29 b(named)h(pip)s(es)f(\()p
10722Fm(fif)n(o)p Fu(s\))h(or)h(the)f Ft(/dev/fd)f Fu(metho)s(d)h(of)g
10723(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)275 1083 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5
10724b(ailable,)40 b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(sim)m
10725(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1193 y(v)-5
10726b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)
10727i(expansion.)150 1377 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41
10728b(Splitting)150 1524 y Fu(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h
10729(parameter)g(expansion,)g(command)g(substitution,)g(and)f(arithmetic)
10730150 1634 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h
10731(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1761 y(The)e(shell)g(treats)i
6e51e0d0 10732(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)g(of)f Ft($IFS)e Fu(as)i(a)g(delimiter,)h(and)e
b64a7d8c 10733(splits)g(the)h(results)f(of)h(the)g(other)150 1870 y(expansions)h(in)m
d052bd6f 10734(to)h(w)m(ords)f(using)g(these)h(c)m(haracters)h(as)e(\014eld)g
b64a7d8c 10735(terminators.)275 1998 y(If)38 b Ft(IFS)g Fu(is)g(unset,)j(or)e(its)g
d052bd6f 10736(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)g(exactly)h Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p
b64a7d8c 10737Fu(,)c(the)j(default,)i(then)d(se-)150 2107 y(quences)27
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10738b(of)h Ft(space)p Fu(,)f Ft(tab)p Fu(,)g(and)g Ft(newline)e
10739Fu(at)j(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)g(end)f(of)i(the)f(results)g(of)h(the)
b64a7d8c 10740f(previous)150 2217 y(expansions)38 b(are)g(ignored,)i(and)d(an)m(y)i
d052bd6f 10741(sequence)f(of)g Ft(IFS)f Fu(c)m(haracters)j(not)e(at)g(the)g(b)s
b64a7d8c 10742(eginning)g(or)g(end)150 2326 y(serv)m(es)e(to)h(delimit)f(w)m(ords.)56
d052bd6f 10743b(If)35 b Ft(IFS)g Fu(has)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(other)g(than)f(the)h
b64a7d8c 10744(default,)i(then)d(sequences)h(of)g(the)150 2436 y(whitespace)i(c)m
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10745(haracters)h Ft(space)p Fu(,)e Ft(tab)p Fu(,)h(and)f
10746Ft(newline)e Fu(are)j(ignored)f(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)f(end)h
b64a7d8c 10747(of)150 2545 y(the)h(w)m(ord,)j(as)d(long)h(as)g(the)f(whitespace)h(c)m
d052bd6f 10748(haracter)h(is)e(in)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)h Ft(IFS)e
b64a7d8c 10749Fu(\(an)i Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)150 2655 y(c)m(haracter\).)47
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10750b(An)m(y)32 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)d Ft(IFS)g Fu(that)i(is)f(not)g
10751Ft(IFS)f Fu(whitespace,)i(along)g(with)e(an)m(y)i(adjacen)m(t)g
b64a7d8c 10752Ft(IFS)150 2765 y Fu(whitespace)41 b(c)m(haracters,)j(delimits)d(a)g
d052bd6f 10753(\014eld.)70 b(A)40 b(sequence)h(of)g Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)i(c)m
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10754(haracters)h(is)e(also)150 2874 y(treated)31 b(as)g(a)g(delimiter.)275
107553001 y(If)22 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(of)f Ft(IFS)g Fu(is)h(n)m(ull,)h
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10756(no)f(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)38 b(If)22 b Ft(IFS)g
10757Fu(is)h(unset,)h(w)m(ord)e(splitting)h(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)150
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107583111 y(as)31 b(if)f(it)h(con)m(tained)g(the)g(default)g(v)-5
10759b(alue)30 b Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p Fu(.)275 3238
d052bd6f 10760y(Explicit)21 b(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Ft("")g
037a8b7f 10761Fu(or)g Ft('')p Fu(\))f(are)h(retained)h(and)e(passed)g(to)i(commands)e
b64a7d8c 10762(as)i(empt)m(y)f(strings.)150 3347 y(Unquoted)37 b(implicit)i(n)m(ull)f
037a8b7f 10763(argumen)m(ts,)i(resulting)d(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(parameters)f
b64a7d8c 10764(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3457 y(no)32 b(v)-5 b(alues,)33
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10765b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)47 b(If)32 b(a)g(parameter)h(with)e(no)h(v)-5
10766b(alue)33 b(is)f(expanded)f(within)h(double)f(quotes,)j(a)150
b64a7d8c 107673567 y(n)m(ull)c(argumen)m(t)g(results)g(and)f(is)h(retained)g(and)f
037a8b7f 10768(passed)g(to)i(a)f(command)g(as)g(an)f(empt)m(y)i(string.)40
b64a7d8c 10769b(When)150 3676 y(a)f(quoted)f(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(t)h(app)s(ears)e(as)
b52e30b8 10770i(part)f(of)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(whose)g(expansion)g(is)h(non-n)m(ull,)h
b64a7d8c 10771(the)e(n)m(ull)150 3786 y(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)69
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10772b(That)39 b(is,)j(the)e(w)m(ord)f Ft(-d'')f Fu(b)s(ecomes)i
10773Ft(-d)e Fu(after)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(n)m(ull)150
b64a7d8c 107743895 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)275 4022 y(Note)31
e59452c7 10775b(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h(splitting)g(is)f(p)s
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10776(erformed.)150 4207 y Fk(3.5.8)63 b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)150
107774354 y Fu(After)30 b(w)m(ord)f(splitting,)i(unless)d(the)i
10778Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g
b64a7d8c 10779([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)150 4463 y(page)d(69\),)i(Bash)d(scans)h(eac)m
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10780(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(*)p
10781Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu('.)39
10782b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 4573 y(app)s(ears,)34
10783b(and)f(is)g(not)h(quoted,)h(then)e(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)h(regarded)f(as)
10784h(a)g Fr(pattern)p Fu(,)h(and)e(replaced)h(with)f(an)150
107854682 y(alphab)s(etically)41 b(sorted)e(list)h(of)g(\014lenames)f(matc)m
10786(hing)i(the)e(pattern)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)150
107874792 y(Matc)m(hing],)e(page)e(37\).)60 b(If)36 b(no)h(matc)m(hing)g
fc35c477 10788(\014lenames)g(are)g(found,)g(and)f(the)g(shell)h(option)g
e2520247 10789Ft(nullglob)150 4902 y Fu(is)k(disabled,)i(the)f(w)m(ord)e(is)h(left)h
fc35c477 10790(unc)m(hanged.)72 b(If)40 b(the)h Ft(nullglob)e Fu(option)i(is)g(set,)k
e2520247 10791(and)40 b(no)h(matc)m(hes)150 5011 y(are)c(found,)g(the)g(w)m(ord)f(is)
fc35c477 10792g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)60 b(If)36 b(the)h Ft(failglob)d Fu(shell)j(option)g
e2520247 10793(is)g(set,)i(and)c(no)i(matc)m(hes)h(are)150 5121 y(found,)e(an)g
fc35c477 10794(error)f(message)i(is)f(prin)m(ted)f(and)h(the)g(command)f(is)h(not)g
e2520247 10795(executed.)58 b(If)35 b(the)h(shell)g(option)150 5230
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10796y Ft(nocaseglob)e Fu(is)j(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)f(p)s
10797(erformed)e(without)i(regard)g(to)h(the)f(case)h(of)f(alphab)s(etic)150
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107985340 y(c)m(haracters.)p eop end
10799%%Page: 37 43
10800TeXDict begin 37 42 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
10801b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(37)275 299
10802y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g(\014lename)h(expansion,)h
10803(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g(of)g(a)g
10804(\014lename)150 408 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f(slash)f(m)m
10805(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g
10806(shell)h(option)g Ft(dotglob)150 518 y Fu(is)36 b(set.)58
10807b(In)35 b(order)g(to)i(matc)m(h)f(the)g(\014lenames)g(`)p
10808Ft(.)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(..)p Fu(',)h(the)f(pattern)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s
10809(egin)f(with)h(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(\(for)150 628 y(example,)42
10810b(`)p Ft(.?)p Fu('\),)f(ev)m(en)f(if)f Ft(dotglob)d Fu(is)j(set.)67
5e6f45d9 10811b(If)38 b(the)h Ft(globskipdots)d Fu(shell)j(option)g(is)g(enabled,)i
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10812(the)150 737 y(\014lenames)23 b(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p
10813Ft(..)p Fu(')g(nev)m(er)g(matc)m(h,)j(ev)m(en)e(if)f(the)g(pattern)g(b)
10814s(egins)g(with)g(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu('.)39 b(When)22 b(not)i(matc)m(hing)
10815150 847 y(\014lenames,)31 b(the)f(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e
10816(not)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 976 y(When)30
10817b(matc)m(hing)i(a)f(\014lename,)h(the)f(slash)f(c)m(haracter)j(m)m(ust)
10818d(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(b)s(e)d(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)i(b)m(y)e(a)150
108191085 y(slash)d(in)f(the)h(pattern,)h(but)e(in)h(other)g(matc)m(hing)h
10820(con)m(texts)h(it)e(can)g(b)s(e)g(matc)m(hed)g(b)m(y)g(a)g(sp)s(ecial)h
10821(pattern)150 1195 y(c)m(haracter)j(as)f(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w)h
10822(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)i(page)e
10823(37\).)275 1324 y(See)d(the)g(description)g(of)g Ft(shopt)e
10824Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g(73,)g(for)f
10825(a)g(descrip-)150 1433 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h Ft(nocaseglob)p
10826Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p Fu(,)g Ft(globskipdots)p Fu(,)f
10827Ft(failglob)p Fu(,)i(and)h Ft(dotglob)e Fu(options.)275
e2520247 108281562 y(The)36 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable)37
e59452c7 10829b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(restrict)g(the)g(set)g(of)g(\014le)f
e2520247 10830(names)h(matc)m(hing)150 1672 y(a)42 b(pattern.)74 b(If)41
e59452c7 10831b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)i(set,)k(eac)m(h)e(matc)m(hing)f(\014le)g(name)
e2520247 10832f(that)h(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)150 1782
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10833y(patterns)34 b(in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)k(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)f
10834(the)g(list)h(of)f(matc)m(hes.)54 b(If)33 b(the)i Ft(nocaseglob)c
e2520247 10835Fu(option)k(is)150 1891 y(set,)c(the)e(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f
e59452c7 10836(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)c Fu(is)k(p)s(erformed)e(without)i
e2520247 10837(regard)f(to)i(case.)150 2001 y(The)d(\014lenames)h Ft(.)g
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10838Fu(and)f Ft(..)h Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f
10839Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f Fu(is)i(set)g(and)f(not)h(n)m(ull.)41
e2520247 10840b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150 2110 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
e59452c7 10841Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(has)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)f
3011048a 10842(enabling)f(the)h Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150
e2520247 108432220 y(so)j(all)h(other)f(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)g(`)p
5e6f45d9 10844Ft(.)p Fu(')g(will)h(matc)m(h.)46 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(get)h(the)f(old)g(b)s
e2520247 10845(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(ignoring)150 2330 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f
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10846(with)h(a)h(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(',)f(mak)m(e)h(`)p Ft(.*)p
10847Fu(')f(one)h(of)f(the)g(patterns)g(in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)p
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10848Fu(.)37 b(The)29 b Ft(dotglob)150 2439 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g
10849(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)k(unset.)275 2568 y(After)26
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10850b(the)h(pattern)g(is)f(expanded)g(and)g(matc)m(hed)h(against)h
10851(\014lenames,)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)g(the)f Ft(GLOBSORT)150
e2520247 108522678 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)46 b(con)m(trols)g(ho)m(w)f(the)g(results)f
d052bd6f 10853(are)h(sorted,)k(as)c(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g
b64a7d8c 10854(5.2)g([Bash)150 2787 y(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(81\).)150
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108552975 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40 b(Matc)m(hing)150
108563122 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s(ears)f(in)g(a)h
d052bd6f 10857(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h
e2520247 10858(describ)s(ed)150 3232 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31 b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42
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10859b(The)29 b Fm(nul)h Fu(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)
10860h(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s(es)150
e2520247 108613342 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43 b(the)37
d052bd6f 10862b(escaping)i(bac)m(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m(hing.)63
e2520247 10863b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 3451 y(pattern)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f
d052bd6f 10864(b)s(e)e(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(matc)m(hed)i
e2520247 10865(literally)-8 b(.)275 3580 y(The)29 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m
d052bd6f 10866(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)150
e2520247 108673728 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f
d052bd6f 10868(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string.)41 b(When)29 b(the)g Ft(globstar)e
e2520247 10869Fu(shell)i(option)630 3838 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p
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10870Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h(\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m
10871(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)630
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108723948 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)m(h)i(all)f
10873(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630
108744057 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
6e51e0d0 10875Ft(/)p Fu(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)e(will)g
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10898b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)p eop end
10899%%Page: 38 44
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10929Ft(])p Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j
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10936Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t
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10939Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h Ft(shopt)e
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10944(separated)g(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)38 b(When)22
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10948b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)150 2791 y(b)s(e)30 b(formed)g(using)f(one)i(or)f
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10956(en)i(patterns.)150 3776 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p
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109815340 y(when)k(matc)m(hing)j(\014lenames.)p eop end
10982%%Page: 39 45
10983TeXDict begin 39 44 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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11018b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)e(and)g Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)i(the)f(shell)g(will)g(allo)s
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11021Fu(.)52 b(If)33 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)g(preceded)h(b)
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11025b(If)31 b Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})32 b Fu(is)f(supplied,)f
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11037b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f
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11039g(refers)150 3512 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h
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11046(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 3977 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g
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110544630 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 4766 y Fu(directs)28
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11055b(only)f(the)h(standard)e(output)i(to)g(\014le)f Fr(dirlist)p
11056Fu(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error)g(w)m(as)h(made)f(a)h(cop)m
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11064b(\014les,)g(Bash)f(will)h(use)e(them;)k(otherwise)d(it)h(will)f(em)m
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110665340 y(describ)s(ed)k(b)s(elo)m(w.)p eop end
11067%%Page: 40 46
11068TeXDict begin 40 45 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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11570Ft(SIGHUP)e Fu(to)i(all)g(jobs,)i(running)c(or)h(stopp)s(ed.)76
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11870(zero)i(unless)e Fr(n)h Fu(is)g(not)g(greater)630 5046
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11873%%Page: 51 57
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12040Ft(pwd)p eop end
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12041%%Page: 53 59
12042TeXDict begin 53 58 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
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12074(input.)42 b(If)30 b(a)i(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name)h(is)f(follo)m(w)m
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12083(shell)f(function.)150 2668 y Ft(return)870 2803 y(return)46
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12087Fu(is)g(not)g(supplied,)h(the)f(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)40
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120913266 y(command)d(used)f(to)i(determine)f(the)g(status)g(is)h(the)f
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12097Ft(return)f Fu(w)m(as)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)41 b Ft(return)25
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121114362 y(the)g(execution)g(of)g(a)f(script)h(b)m(y)f Ft(.)g
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12116y(from)34 b Fr(n)p Ft(+)p Fu(1)39 b(.)22 b(.)h(.)45 b
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12120Ft($#)p Fu(-)p Fr(n)p Ft(+)p Fu(1)e(are)h(unset.)48 b
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12125y(are)e(not)h(c)m(hanged.)43 b(If)31 b Fr(n)g Fu(is)g(not)g(supplied,)f
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121275340 y(is)g(zero)i(unless)d Fr(n)h Fu(is)g(greater)i(than)e
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12130%%Page: 54 60
12131TeXDict begin 54 59 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
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12134b(aluate)43 b(a)f(conditional)h(expression)f Fr(expr)48
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121401002 y(Expressions],)39 b(page)g(99.)64 b Ft(test)37
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121441244 y(When)g(the)h Ft([)f Fu(form)g(is)g(used,)g(the)g(last)i(argumen)
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12193%%Page: 55 61
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12230Ft(-a)f Fu(and)g Ft(-o)g Fu(primaries)g(and)h(enclosing)g(expressions)
12231630 3081 y(within)28 b(paren)m(theses.)40 b(Scripts)28
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12244b([-Plp])f([)p Fj(action)p Ft(])f([)p Fj(sigspec)h Ft(...)o(])630
122454659 y Fu(The)40 b Fr(action)i Fu(is)e(a)h(command)f(that)h(is)f(read)h
12246(and)e(executed)j(when)d(the)i(shell)f(receiv)m(es)630
122474768 y(signal)30 b Fr(sigsp)s(ec)p Fu(.)40 b(If)29 b
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12251(is)h(reset)g(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(it)g(had)f(when)f(the)i
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12253Fu(is)e(the)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)i(then)e(the)i(signal)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)
12254f(b)m(y)h(eac)m(h)h Fr(sigsp)s(ec)37 b Fu(is)630 5097
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12257Ft(trap)c Fu(prin)m(ts)g(the)h(actions)h(asso)s(ciated)g(with)f(eac)m
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b64a7d8c 12259Ft(trap)g Fu(commands)g(that)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(reused)g(as)h(shell)g
6bd75b8d 12260(input)e(to)p eop end
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12261%%Page: 56 62
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12263b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(56)630 299 y(restore)29
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12278b Ft(-p)f Fu(options)h(to)g Ft(trap)e Fu(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)e(used)g(in)g
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122821176 y(signal's)31 b(handling,)f(will)h(displa)m(y)f(the)h(state)h(of)e
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12284Fu(option)i(causes)g Ft(trap)e Fu(to)i(prin)m(t)f(a)g(list)h(of)g
12285(signal)g(names)f(and)g(their)g(corresp)s(onding)630
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12291Fu(or)g Ft(EXIT)p Fu(,)f Fr(action)j Fu(is)e(executed)h(when)f(the)g
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122951884 y Fu(command,)29 b Ft(select)d Fu(command,)j(\(\()g(arithmetic)h
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12303b(If)26 b(a)g Fr(sigsp)s(ec)32 b Fu(is)26 b Ft(RETURN)p
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12332(or)i(subshell)630 3907 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(when)e(one)i(is)f
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12335b(alid)31 b(signal.)150 4202 y Ft(true)870 4337 y(true)630
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12339(\014le)h(creation)g(mask)g(to)g Fr(mo)s(de)p Fu(.)40
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12346b(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(of)f(the)g(mask)g(is)h(prin)m(ted.)66
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12351%%Page: 57 63
12352TeXDict begin 57 62 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
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12366b(ariable)35 b(or)f(function)f Fr(name)p Fu(.)52 b(If)33
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12402(de\014ned)f(for)h(eac)m(h)h Fr(name)33 b Fu(whose)27
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12612y(The)36 b Ft(-g)g Fu(option)h(forces)g(v)-5 b(ariables)37
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12621(scop)s(e.)66 b(If)39 b(there)g(is)g(no)f(existing)i(v)-5
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12632(ys],)1110 4264 y(page)31 b(103\).)630 4423 y Ft(-f)384
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d37a4722
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12676b(and)f(`)p Ft(+A)p Fu(')h(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(destro)m
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68701259
CR
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12699(one)c(of)g(the)g Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)40 b(is)f(not)h(a)g(v)-5
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127053544 y(displa)m(y)j(a)f(non-existen)m(t)i(function)e(with)g
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12712y(suppressed.)38 b(If)29 b(the)h Ft(-e)f Fu(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)i
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127244868 y Ft(echo)e Fu(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(escap)s(e)f
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12728%%Page: 62 68
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12736y Ft(\\0)p Fj(nnn)240 b Fu(the)32 b(eigh)m(t-bit)i(c)m(haracter)g
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12738b(alue)32 b Fr(nnn)f Fu(\(zero)i(to)1110 1614 y(three)e(o)s(ctal)g
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12741b(alue)39 b Fr(HH)1110 1880 y Fu(\(one)31 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e
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12758b(disk)g(commands.)55 b(If)35 b Ft(-n)g Fu(is)g(used,)h(the)g
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12778Fr(\014lename)p Fu(,)j(if)e Fr(\014lename)30 b Fu(do)s(es)24
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12791y(If)24 b(no)g(options)h(are)g(supplied)e(and)h(a)h Fr(name)k
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12795f(`)p Ft(enable)630 5340 y(-f)30 b Fj(name)f(name)p Fu('.)p
12796eop end
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12797%%Page: 63 69
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12799b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(63)630 299 y(The)26
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12837(hildren.)39 b(If)27 b Fr(name)33 b Fu(is)27 b(`)p Ft(-)p
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12851b(ariable.)150 3993 y Ft(logout)870 4120 y(logout)46
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12861b(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(fd)k Fu(if)c(the)h Ft(-u)f
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12869Ft(mapfile)40 b Fu(will)1110 5340 y(terminate)31 b(a)g(line)g(when)e
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12874b Fu(Cop)m(y)30 b(at)h(most)g Fr(coun)m(t)i Fu(lines.)41
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12878(is)g(0.)630 609 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Discard)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g
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12886b(The)25 b Ft(-c)f Fu(option)1110 1183 y(sp)s(eci\014es)30
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129072460 y Ft(printf)870 2593 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)p
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12909y Fu(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fr(argumen)m(ts)k
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12913b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)630 2944 y Fu(rather)30 b(than)g(b)s(eing)g
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12930Ft(echo)c(-e)j Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)1110 3998 y([Bash)e(Builtins],)
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12934b(can)f(b)s(e)g(reused)g(as)g(shell)h(input.)72 b Ft(\045q)41
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12943b Fu(lik)m(e)34 b Ft(\045q)p Fu(,)f(but)f(applies)g(an)m(y)h(supplied)e
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129454966 y(quoting)c(it.)630 5121 y Ft(\045\()p Fj(datefmt)p
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12949Ft(strftime)p Fu(\(3\).)74 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding)p
12950eop end
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12951%%Page: 65 71
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12970y(The)e(\045n)f(format)h(sp)s(eci\014er)g(accepts)h(a)g(corresp)s
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12973b(\045s)g(and)h(\045c)f(format)h(sp)s(eci\014ers)f(accept)i(an)f(l)g
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129771840 y(\014eld)30 b(width)g(and)f(precision)i(in)f(terms)g(of)h(c)m
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12983(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5
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e2520247
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130345340 y(nate)g(a)g(line)f(when)g(it)h(reads)f(a)h(NUL)f(c)m(haracter.)p
13035eop end
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13036%%Page: 66 72
13037TeXDict begin 66 71 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
9c430f6b
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13038b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(66)630 299 y Ft(-e)384
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130481000 y(line)h(editing)g(w)m(as)g(not)g(previously)f(activ)m(e\))k
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13053(the)1110 1373 y(editing)31 b(bu\013er)e(b)s(efore)h(editing)h(b)s
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130581745 y Fr(nc)m(hars)d Fu(c)m(haracters)e(are)e(read)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g
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130711110 2556 y(\(with)30 b(the)h(exception)h(of)e(bac)m(kslash;)h(see)g
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13073Ft(-p)f Fj(prompt)66 b Fu(Displa)m(y)38 b Fr(prompt)p
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130751110 2819 y(read)f(an)m(y)h(input.)60 b(The)37 b(prompt)g(is)g(displa)m
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130813302 y(bac)m(kslash-newline)26 b(pair)e(ma)m(y)h(not)g(then)g(b)s(e)f
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0712a90c
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13083y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Silen)m(t)28 b(mo)s(de.)40 b(If)27 b(input)f(is)i
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130853565 y(ec)m(ho)s(ed.)630 3718 y Ft(-t)i Fj(timeout)1110
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130964376 y(no)f(e\013ect)i(when)d(reading)i(from)f(regular)g(\014les.)50
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13098y Fu(sa)m(v)m(es)41 b(an)m(y)f(partial)h(input)e(read)g(in)m(to)i(the)f
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13104(\014le)1110 4814 y(descriptor,)37 b(or)e(the)h(read)f(will)h(return)e
13105(EOF,)h(non-zero)h(otherwise.)56 b(The)1110 4924 y(exit)31
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13111630 5340 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(in)e(the)g(input.)p eop
13112end
6bd75b8d 13113%%Page: 67 73
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131351509 y(A)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Ft(mapfile)p Fu(.)150 1676
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13138([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(49\).)150 2119
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13143Ft(-t)g Fu(option)h(is)f(used,)j Ft(type)c Fu(prin)m(ts)h(a)h(single)g
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13158Fu(option)h(forces)g(a)g(path)f(searc)m(h)h(for)g(eac)m(h)g
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14510eop end
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14514b(`)p Ft(name)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(size)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(mtime)p
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16371(double-quoted)g(string,)330 4536 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h
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16373b(If)24 b(a)g Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h
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163805121 y(26.)61 b(The)35 b Ft(unset)e Fu(builtin)i(with)g(the)g
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16387eop end
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16388%%Page: 112 118
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16391b(When)39 b(ask)m(ed)g(to)g(unset)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)39
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16445(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 3516
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16447b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(es)g(not)h(prev)m(en)m(t)f
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16453(pre-)330 3980 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p Fu(.)154
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16459Ft(kill)29 b(-l)p Fu(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g
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164614470 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154
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16466(format)g(re-)330 4850 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p
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16476end
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16477%%Page: 113 119
16478TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
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16491(ositions)g(are)g(set)h(to)f(SIG)p 3360 757 28 4 v 40
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16496(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 1105 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)
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16498b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)e
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16506b Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(has)g(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)g(setting)g(the)g
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16516f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g(function)330 2388 y(names)30
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16523b(the)h Ft(cd)e Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)g(in)f(logical)j(mo)
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16533(exceeds)h Ft(PATH_)330 3432 y(MAX)h Fu(when)h(canonicalized,)j
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16545Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 4167 y(58.)61 b Ft(fc)30 b Fu(treats)h(extra)g
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16564g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 5340 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)p eop
16565end
16566%%Page: 114 120
16567TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
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16580b(a)f(trapp)s(ed)e(signal)i(while)f(executing)h Ft(read)p
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16584Ft(double)f Fu(\(via)j Ft(strtod)p Fu(\))d(to)j(con)m(v)m(ert)g
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16602Fu(builtin)g(compares)h(strings)g(using)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale)
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16606Fu(unary)f(primary)g(requires)h(an)g(argumen)m(t.)40
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16635(con\014gured)h(to)g(b)s(e)g Fm(posix)p Fu(-conforman)m(t)g(b)m(y)g
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16639b(eatures],)150 4596 y(page)31 b(168\).)150 4852 y Fs(6.12)68
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16650m(ersions)g(that)h(is)f(incompatible)p eop end
16651%%Page: 115 121
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16664(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b Ft(compat32)p Fu(,)d(it)i(ma)m(y)g(a\013ect)h(the)f
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16711p Ft(~)p Fu(\))f(has)810 3805 y(no)d(sp)s(ecial)h(e\013ect)150
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16713b(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(to)g(the)g
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16727Fu(p)s(ortion)d(of)h(a)g(double-quoted)f($)p Fi({)6 b
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16751(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a)810 1524 y(quoted)36
16752b(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(as)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(declare)h
16753(\(e.g.,)i(declare)d(-a)810 1633 y(fo)s(o='\(1)31 b(2\)'\).)42
16754b(Later)31 b(v)m(ersions)g(w)m(arn)f(that)h(this)f(usage)h(is)g
16755(deprecated)705 1769 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 b(expansion)g(errors)
16756g(are)h(considered)f(non-fatal)h(errors)f(that)h(cause)g(the)f(curren)m
16757(t)810 1878 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)
16758h(\(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(to)g(mak)m(e)h(them)810
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16761(the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38
16762b(not)810 2233 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e
16763Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s
16764(ops)810 2342 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37
16765b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810
167662452 y(this)150 2613 y Ft(compat44)705 2749 y Fq(\017)60
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16769Fu(so)j(they)810 2858 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s
16770(ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810
167712968 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)705 3103 y Fq(\017)60
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16773(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810
167743213 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54
16775b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810
167763322 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 3458 y Fq(\017)60
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16782(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 3838 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g
16783(BASH_COMPAT\))705 3948 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29
7a8455e4 16784b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f
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16791(duce)e(the)i(same)810 4386 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705
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167984850 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 5011 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h
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16800b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(will)h(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g
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16804(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 5340 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without)
16805e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))p
16806eop end
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16807%%Page: 117 123
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16810b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 b(\))f(and)34
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16828(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 1738 y(will)31
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16849810 2884 y(command)30 b(is)h(executed.)150 3044 y Ft(compat52)d(\(set)h
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16861g(bind.)p eop end
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16862%%Page: 118 124
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16897(oard-generated)22 b(signals)g(suc)m(h)e(as)h Ft(SIGINT)p
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CR
17303150 1775 y Fj(C-b)336 b Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m
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c302751c
CR
17308(underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150 2550 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630
173092660 y(Insert)f(the)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(to)g(the)e(line)h(at)g(the)g
6e51e0d0
CR
17310(cursor.)150 2826 y Fj(C-_)e Fu(or)i Fj(C-x)e(C-u)630
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e9c75143
CR
17313(empt)m(y)630 3045 y(line.)150 3215 y(\(Dep)s(ending)c(on)g(y)m(our)g
17314(con\014guration,)h(the)f Ft(Backspace)d Fu(k)m(ey)k(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)e
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37c41ab1
CR
17340b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m
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173425340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end
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17343%%Page: 124 130
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CR
17346b(Readline)40 b(Killing)i(Commands)150 446 y Fr(Killing)35
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CR
17350b(it)g(bac)m(k)f(in)m(to)h(the)f(line.)40 b(\(`Cut')27
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17362(line)g(sp)s(eci\014c;)g(the)g(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)f(on)h(a)f
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CR
173641376 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)h(when)d(y)m(ou)
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CR
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e9c75143
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17373f(b)m(y)g Fj(M-f)p Fu(.)150 2107 y Fj(M-DEL)240 b Fu(Kill)34
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17383b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(line.)74 b(Y)-8 b(anking)43
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17385b(text)e(from)f(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)150 3031 y Fj(C-y)336
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CR
17390(the)g(prior)630 3302 y(command)30 b(is)h Fj(C-y)e Fu(or)h
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17393(Readline)h(commands.)67 b(Sometimes)39 b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h(acts)150
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17401b(line,)g(y)m(ou)f(migh)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p Ft(M--)f(C-k)p
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17411b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example,)g(to)f(giv)m(e)i(the)e Fj(C-d)150
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17415b(on)e(the)h(input)e(line.)150 4974 y Fk(8.2.5)63 b(Searc)m(hing)40
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17417b(pro)m(vides)f(commands)g(for)g(searc)m(hing)h(through)e(the)i
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174215340 y(searc)m(h)31 b(mo)s(des:)40 b Fr(incremen)m(tal)35
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17435(particular)150 737 y(string,)g(t)m(yp)s(e)f Fj(C-r)p
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17452(kw)m(ard)g(or)f(forw)m(ard)g(in)f(the)i(history)f(for)g(the)g(next)g
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17461y(terminate)i(the)g(searc)m(h,)g(mak)m(e)h(the)e(last)h(line)g(found)e
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176922655 y(from)h(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard.)41 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p
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17699b(ariable)30 b(can)1110 3258 y(b)s(e)g(set)h(to)g(either)g(`)p
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17715b(The)1110 4299 y(default)31 b(is)f(`)p Ft(@)p Fu('.)630
177164463 y Ft(enable-active-region)1110 4573 y Fu(The)46
25e43d2c 17717b Fr(p)s(oin)m(t)j Fu(is)e(the)g(curren)m(t)f(cursor)g(p)s(osition,)52
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b64a7d8c 17724Ft(On)p Fu(',)h(Readline)f(allo)m(ws)g(cer-)1110 5011
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17725y(tain)30 b(commands)f(to)g(designate)i(the)e(region)h(as)f
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177275121 y(is)g(activ)m(e,)j(Readline)e(highligh)m(ts)g(the)g(text)g(in)f
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17732(sho)m(ws)p eop end
17733%%Page: 129 135
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177441035 y(of)d(treating)i(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)f(as)g(if)f(it)h(had)f(b)
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177481254 y(prev)m(en)m(ts)30 b(Readline)h(from)e(executing)i(an)m(y)f
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17751b(default)i(is)f(`)p Ft(On)p Fu('.)630 1551 y Ft(enable-keypad)1110
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177541771 y(when)h(it)h(is)f(called.)41 b(Some)27 b(systems)f(need)h(this)f
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177592287 y(k)m(ey)i(the)e(terminal)i(claims)f(to)h(supp)s(ort)d(when)h(it)h
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17762b(The)1110 2506 y(default)31 b(is)f(`)p Ft(on)p Fu('.)630
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17765(Readline)h(attempts)1110 2913 y(w)m(ord)i(completion.)42
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177733540 y(is)30 b(`)p Ft(off)p Fu('.)630 3727 y Ft(history-size)1110
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17778(are)f(sa)m(v)m(ed.)46 b(If)31 b(set)h(to)h(a)f(v)-5
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177824275 y(en)m(tries)j(is)f(not)g(limited.)49 b(If)32 b(an)h(attempt)h(is)
17783f(made)g(to)h(set)f Fr(history-size)39 b Fu(to)1110 4385
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17785(b)s(er)f(of)h(history)h(en)m(tries)g(will)1110 4495
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17791(tally)1110 5011 y(on)32 b(a)g(single)g(screen)g(line)g(when)e(they)i
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e59452c7 17795y(automatically)k(set)e(to)g(`)p Ft(on)p Fu(')f(for)g(terminals)g(of)h
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17796(heigh)m(t)g(1.)41 b(By)29 b(default,)h(this)1110 5340
17797y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)f(to)i(`)p Ft(off)p Fu('.)p
17798eop end
17799%%Page: 130 136
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17809m(tains)f(eigh)m(t-bit)g(c)m(haracters.)1110 847 y(The)k(name)g
17810Ft(meta-flag)e Fu(is)i(a)h(synon)m(ym)f(for)g(this)g(v)-5
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17813b(,)39 b(and)34 b(ma)m(y)i(c)m(hange)g(if)1110 1066 y(the)31
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17818(command)1110 1541 y(\(see)38 b(Section)g(8.2.5)h([Searc)m(hing],)h
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17822Fj(C-J)g Fu(will)h(terminate)g(an)1110 1760 y(incremen)m(tal)c(searc)m
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178252016 y(commands.)71 b(Built-in)41 b Ft(keymap)e Fu(names)h(are)h
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17827y Ft(emacs-meta)p Fu(,)99 b Ft(emacs-ctlx)p Fu(,)f Ft(vi)p
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17837(the)g(default)g(k)m(eymap.)630 2710 y Ft(keyseq-timeout)1110
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178453258 y(the)43 b(timeout,)48 b(Readline)43 b(will)g(use)g(the)g(shorter)
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178624390 y(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p Ft(on)p Fu('.)630
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17873b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)70 b(of)1110 5340 y Ft(mark-directories)p
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179661654 y(abled,)43 b(attempting)f(completion)g(when)d(the)i(cursor)f(is)g
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CR
18443(command)630 3007 y(is)e(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 3164 y Ft(yank-nth-arg)d
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e6983002
CR
18454(if)630 3821 y(the)e(`)p Ft(!)p Fj(n)p Fu(')f(history)g(expansion)g
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18472h(had)f(b)s(een)630 4964 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150 5121 y
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e6983002 18477(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)h(from)f(the)g(history)p eop
d37a4722 18478end
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18479%%Page: 142 148
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18482b(editing.)43 b(A)31 b(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,)i(if)f(supplied,)f(sp)
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e59452c7
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18484408 y(instead)g(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 565
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18501y(as)e(the)f(tt)m(y)i Fm(eof)d Fu(c)m(haracter,)j(as)f
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18503(e\013ects.)150 2122 y Ft(backward-delete-char)25 b(\(Rubout\))630
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185062341 y(c)m(haracters)h(instead)e(of)h(deleting)g(them.)150
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185122827 y(is)e(not)h(b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150
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185163203 y(sequences)d(lik)m(e)g Fj(C-q)p Fu(,)f(for)g(example.)150
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18522b(b)m(y)f(some)h(terminals,)i(and)d(suc)m(h)g(a)h(binding)e(is)i
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18536(denote)g(the)630 4745 y(region.)150 4902 y Ft(transpose-chars)26
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18543b(Negativ)m(e)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 5340 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32
18544b(no)e(e\013ect.)p eop end
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18545%%Page: 143 149
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1854826 b(\(M-t\))630 408 y Fu(Drag)33 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s
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18572(capitalize)630 2425 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e(do)i(not)f
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185873400 y Ft(backward-delete-char)25 b Fu(replace)31 b(the)g(c)m(haracter)
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18605b(all)g(c)m(haracters)h(on)f(the)f(curren)m(t)h(line,)h(no)f(matter)g
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186075340 y(this)30 b(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)p eop end
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18622b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Ft
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a9fac3b2 18625b(W)-8 b(ord)22 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)h(as)f
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18626Ft(shell-backward-)630 1572 y(word)p Fu(.)150 1741 y
18627Ft(unix-word-rubout)k(\(C-w\))630 1851 y Fu(Kill)32 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f
18628(b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(using)f(white)h(space)g(as)g(a)g(w)m(ord)f
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18631b(\(\))630 2239 y Fu(Kill)37 b(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m
18632(t,)j(using)e(white)g(space)h(and)f(the)g(slash)g(c)m(haracter)i(as)f
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18640m(b)s(ound.)150 3074 y Ft(copy-region-as-kill)25 b(\(\))630
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e6983002 18642(kill)h(bu\013er,)f(so)g(it)h(can)f(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)i(righ)m(t)f
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18643(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)630 3293 y(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f
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b64a7d8c 186493850 y Ft(copy-forward-word)26 b(\(\))630 3960 y Fu(Cop)m(y)31
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CR
18650b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(follo)m(wing)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)h(the)f(kill)h
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b64a7d8c 18656(p)s(oin)m(t.)150 4516 y Ft(yank-pop)d(\(M-y\))630 4626
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18657y Fu(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54
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186594736 y(command)30 b(is)h Ft(yank)e Fu(or)h Ft(yank-pop)p
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18661(ts)150 5121 y Ft(digit-argument)26 b(\()p Fj(M-0)p Ft(,)j
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124d67cd 18663(to)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(already)h(accum)m(ulating,)h(or)e(start)h(a)f
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18664(new)f(argumen)m(t.)630 5340 y Fj(M--)j Fu(starts)i(a)g(negativ)m(e)i
18665(argumen)m(t.)p eop end
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18666%%Page: 145 151
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18669(universal-argument)25 b(\(\))630 408 y Fu(This)g(is)g(another)h(w)m(a)
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18678847 y(if)g(this)g(command)f(is)h(immediately)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)d
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186821066 y(four.)54 b(The)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(is)f(initially)h
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18700e(completion)h(is)630 2289 y(attempted.)150 2433 y Ft
18701(possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 2542 y Fu(List)35
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18704y(pletions,)f(Readline)f(sets)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(columns)f
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18708b Ft(COLUMNS)p Fu(,)630 2871 y(or)30 b(the)h(screen)f(width,)g(in)g
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187123233 y(b)m(y)g Ft(possible-completions)p Fu(.)150 3376
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18722Fu(\))e(and)h(the)h(original)i(text)f(is)f(restored.)57
18723b(An)36 b(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Fr(n)f Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)i
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18728(ound)e(to)630 4253 y Ft(TAB)p Fu(,)30 b(but)f(is)i(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m
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18740(ound)e(b)m(y)i(default.)150 5230 y Ft(complete-filename)c(\(M-/\))630
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18743%%Page: 146 152
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18751(it)f(as)f(a)h(username.)150 856 y Ft(possible-username-comple)o(tion)o
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18997b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)150 458 y Fu(When)25 b(w)m(ord)g
18998(completion)i(is)f(attempted)g(for)g(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(a)g
18999(command)f(for)h(whic)m(h)f(a)h(completion)150 568 y(sp)s
19000(eci\014cation)40 b(\(a)h Fr(compsp)s(ec)6 b Fu(\))39
d37a4722 19001b(has)h(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)f(using)h(the)h Ft(complete)d
6bd75b8d 19002Fu(builtin)j(\(see)g(Section)h(8.7)150 677 y([Programmable)h
b64a7d8c 19003(Completion)f(Builtins],)k(page)d(152\),)j(the)c(programmable)g
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19004(completion)i(facilities)150 787 y(are)31 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)275
19005925 y(First,)23 b(the)e(command)g(name)g(is)h(iden)m(ti\014ed.)37
d37a4722 19006b(If)21 b(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)g(for)h(that)h
6bd75b8d 19007(command,)150 1034 y(the)44 b(compsp)s(ec)g(is)g(used)f(to)h(generate)i
d37a4722 19008(the)e(list)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(for)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)81
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19009b(If)44 b(the)150 1144 y(command)36 b(w)m(ord)g(is)g(the)g(empt)m(y)h
19010(string)f(\(completion)i(attempted)f(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(an)
19011h(empt)m(y)150 1254 y(line\),)30 b(an)m(y)g(compsp)s(ec)f(de\014ned)f
19012(with)h(the)h Ft(-E)e Fu(option)i(to)g Ft(complete)d
19013Fu(is)i(used.)40 b(If)29 b(the)g(command)g(w)m(ord)150
190141363 y(is)e(a)h(full)e(pathname,)i(a)g(compsp)s(ec)e(for)h(the)g(full)g
19015(pathname)g(is)g(searc)m(hed)h(for)f(\014rst.)39 b(If)26
19016b(no)h(compsp)s(ec)g(is)150 1473 y(found)22 b(for)g(the)h(full)g
19017(pathname,)h(an)f(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)g(\014nd)f(a)h(compsp)s(ec)f
19018(for)h(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(follo)m(wing)150 1582 y(the)34
19019b(\014nal)g(slash.)53 b(If)34 b(those)g(searc)m(hes)i(do)e(not)g
19020(result)h(in)f(a)g(compsp)s(ec,)h(an)m(y)g(compsp)s(ec)f(de\014ned)f
19021(with)150 1692 y(the)k Ft(-D)g Fu(option)g(to)h Ft(complete)d
19022Fu(is)i(used)g(as)g(the)g(default.)61 b(If)37 b(there)g(is)h(no)f
19023(default)g(compsp)s(ec,)i(Bash)150 1802 y(attempts)e(alias)h(expansion)
19024e(on)g(the)h(command)f(w)m(ord)g(as)h(a)f(\014nal)g(resort,)j(and)c
19025(attempts)j(to)f(\014nd)e(a)150 1911 y(compsp)s(ec)30
19026b(for)g(the)h(command)f(w)m(ord)g(from)g(an)m(y)h(successful)f
19027(expansion)275 2049 y(Once)k(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(found,)h
19028(it)h(is)f(used)f(to)i(generate)h(the)e(list)h(of)f(matc)m(hing)h(w)m
19029(ords.)51 b(If)150 2159 y(a)37 b(compsp)s(ec)f(is)g(not)h(found,)f(the)
19030h(default)f(Bash)h(completion)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f
19031(Section)g(8.4.6)150 2268 y([Commands)30 b(F)-8 b(or)31
19032b(Completion],)g(page)g(145\))h(is)f(p)s(erformed.)275
190332406 y(First,)g(the)g(actions)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(compsp)s
e59452c7 19034(ec)h(are)g(used.)40 b(Only)30 b(matc)m(hes)i(whic)m(h)e(are)h
6bd75b8d 19035(pre\014xed)150 2516 y(b)m(y)h(the)f(w)m(ord)h(b)s(eing)f(completed)h
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19036(are)g(returned.)44 b(When)31 b(the)h Ft(-f)f Fu(or)h
19037Ft(-d)f Fu(option)h(is)f(used)g(for)h(\014lename)150
6bd75b8d 190382625 y(or)e(directory)h(name)f(completion,)i(the)e(shell)h(v)-5
e59452c7 19039b(ariable)31 b Ft(FIGNORE)d Fu(is)i(used)f(to)i(\014lter)g(the)f(matc)m
6bd75b8d 19040(hes.)42 b(See)150 2735 y(Section)31 b(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8
b64a7d8c 19041b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(81,)g(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f
6bd75b8d 19042Ft(FIGNORE)p Fu(.)275 2873 y(An)m(y)22 b(completions)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f
6e51e0d0 19043(b)m(y)g(a)h(\014lename)f(expansion)h(pattern)f(to)h(the)g
6bd75b8d 19044Ft(-G)e Fu(option)i(are)g(generated)150 2982 y(next.)41
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19045b(The)29 b(w)m(ords)g(generated)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(pattern)f(need)h(not)f
19046(matc)m(h)i(the)f(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed.)41
6bd75b8d 19047b(The)150 3092 y Ft(GLOBIGNORE)29 b Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32
6e51e0d0 19048b(is)g(not)g(used)e(to)i(\014lter)g(the)g(matc)m(hes,)h(but)d(the)i
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19049Ft(FIGNORE)e Fu(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)150 3201 y(is)30
19050b(used.)275 3339 y(Next,)39 b(the)f(string)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)h(the)
e6983002 19051g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f Ft(-W)f Fu(option)i(is)f(considered.)60
6bd75b8d 19052b(The)37 b(string)150 3449 y(is)c(\014rst)e(split)i(using)f(the)h(c)m
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19053(haracters)h(in)e(the)h Ft(IFS)e Fu(sp)s(ecial)j(v)-5
19054b(ariable)33 b(as)g(delimiters.)48 b(Shell)32 b(quoting)h(is)150
6bd75b8d 190553558 y(honored)f(within)h(the)g(string,)h(in)f(order)f(to)i(pro)m(vide)
e6983002 19056f(a)h(mec)m(hanism)f(for)g(the)g(w)m(ords)g(to)g(con)m(tain)i(shell)150
6bd75b8d 190573668 y(metac)m(haracters)e(or)e(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the)g(v)-5
e6983002 19058b(alue)31 b(of)g Ft(IFS)p Fu(.)42 b(Eac)m(h)32 b(w)m(ord)e(is)h(then)g
6bd75b8d 19059(expanded)f(using)h(brace)150 3778 y(expansion,)g(tilde)h(expansion,)f
e6983002 19060(parameter)g(and)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(expansion,)f(command)f
6bd75b8d 19061(substitution,)i(and)150 3887 y(arithmetic)c(expansion,)f(as)g(describ)
e6983002 19062s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5)g([Shell)g(Expansions],)g
6bd75b8d 19063(page)g(24\).)40 b(The)150 3997 y(results)23 b(are)h(split)g(using)f
e6983002 19064(the)h(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)g(Section)f(3.5.7)
6bd75b8d 19065h([W)-8 b(ord)24 b(Splitting],)i(page)e(36\).)150 4106
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19066y(The)j(results)h(of)f(the)h(expansion)g(are)g(pre\014x-matc)m(hed)g
19067(against)h(the)f(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed,)j(and)d(the)150
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190684216 y(matc)m(hing)k(w)m(ords)f(b)s(ecome)h(the)g(p)s(ossible)f
19069(completions.)275 4354 y(After)f(these)g(matc)m(hes)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s
e6983002 19070(een)f(generated,)h(an)m(y)g(shell)f(function)g(or)g(command)g(sp)s
6bd75b8d 19071(eci\014ed)f(with)150 4463 y(the)36 b Ft(-F)f Fu(and)g
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19072Ft(-C)g Fu(options)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)59 b(When)35
19073b(the)h(command)g(or)f(function)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)i(the)e
6bd75b8d 19074Ft(COMP_)150 4573 y(LINE)p Fu(,)42 b Ft(COMP_POINT)p
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19075Fu(,)d Ft(COMP_KEY)p Fu(,)i(and)e Ft(COMP_TYPE)f Fu(v)-5
19076b(ariables)41 b(are)f(assigned)g(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(as)f(describ)s(ed)
6bd75b8d 19077150 4682 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)34 b(\(see)g(Section)g(5.2)g([Bash)f(V)-8
b64a7d8c 19078b(ariables],)36 b(page)d(81\).)50 b(If)33 b(a)g(shell)g(function)g(is)g
6bd75b8d 19079(b)s(eing)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k(the)150 4792 y Ft(COMP_WORDS)j
602eae4d 19080Fu(and)i Ft(COMP_CWORD)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariables)42 b(are)g(also)h(set.)74
6bd75b8d 19081b(When)41 b(the)h(function)f(or)h(command)f(is)150 4902
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19082y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)c(the)e(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)h(\($1\))h(is)e(the)h
19083(name)g(of)f(the)h(command)f(whose)h(argumen)m(ts)f(are)h(b)s(eing)150
6bd75b8d 190845011 y(completed,)30 b(the)f(second)f(argumen)m(t)h(\($2\))h(is)f(the)g
45c0f7f8 19085(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed,)i(and)e(the)h(third)e(argumen)m(t)150
6bd75b8d 190865121 y(\($3\))40 b(is)f(the)f(w)m(ord)h(preceding)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s
45c0f7f8 19087(eing)g(completed)i(on)e(the)h(curren)m(t)f(command)h(line.)65
6bd75b8d 19088b(No)150 5230 y(\014ltering)33 b(of)h(the)f(generated)h(completions)g
45c0f7f8 19089(against)h(the)e(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f(completed)i(is)g(p)s(erformed;)f
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19090(the)150 5340 y(function)d(or)g(command)h(has)f(complete)i(freedom)e
19091(in)g(generating)h(the)g(matc)m(hes.)p eop end
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19092%%Page: 151 157
19093TeXDict begin 151 156 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
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19094b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(151)275 299 y(An)m(y)34
19095b(function)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)g Ft(-F)g Fu(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h
19096(\014rst.)53 b(The)35 b(function)f(ma)m(y)h(use)g(an)m(y)g(of)g(the)g
19097(shell)150 408 y(facilities,)50 b(including)44 b(the)h
19098Ft(compgen)d Fu(and)i Ft(compopt)e Fu(builtins)i(describ)s(ed)f(b)s
19099(elo)m(w)h(\(see)i(Section)f(8.7)150 518 y([Programmable)31
19100b(Completion)h(Builtins],)f(page)h(152\),)g(to)g(generate)g(the)f(matc)
19101m(hes.)42 b(It)31 b(m)m(ust)g(put)f(the)150 628 y(p)s(ossible)g
19102(completions)h(in)f(the)h Ft(COMPREPLY)d Fu(arra)m(y)j(v)-5
19103b(ariable,)31 b(one)g(p)s(er)e(arra)m(y)i(elemen)m(t.)275
19104778 y(Next,)26 b(an)m(y)f(command)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)g(the)h
19105Ft(-C)f Fu(option)h(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(in)e(an)g(en)m(vironmen)m
19106(t)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)150 888 y(to)26 b(command)e(substitution.)39
19107b(It)25 b(should)f(prin)m(t)h(a)g(list)h(of)f(completions,)i(one)e(p)s
19108(er)f(line,)j(to)f(the)f(standard)150 998 y(output.)40
19109b(Bac)m(kslash)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(escap)s(e)g(a)f
19110(newline,)h(if)f(necessary)-8 b(.)275 1148 y(After)24
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19111b(all)i(of)f(the)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(are)f(generated,)i(an)m
19112(y)e(\014lter)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(with)i(the)g Ft(-X)e
6bd75b8d 19113Fu(option)150 1258 y(is)34 b(applied)g(to)g(the)h(list.)52
6e51e0d0 19114b(The)33 b(\014lter)h(is)g(a)h(pattern)f(as)g(used)f(for)h(pathname)g
6bd75b8d 19115(expansion;)i(a)e(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')g(in)g(the)150 1367
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19116y(pattern)28 b(is)f(replaced)h(with)g(the)f(text)i(of)f(the)f(w)m(ord)h
19117(b)s(eing)f(completed.)40 b(A)28 b(literal)h(`)p Ft(&)p
6bd75b8d 19118Fu(')f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(escap)s(ed)150 1477 y(with)38
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19119b(a)h(bac)m(kslash;)k(the)38 b(bac)m(kslash)h(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(b)s
19120(efore)f(attempting)h(a)g(matc)m(h.)65 b(An)m(y)39 b(completion)150
6bd75b8d 191211587 y(that)32 b(matc)m(hes)g(the)g(pattern)g(will)f(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m
6e51e0d0 19122(ed)h(from)f(the)h(list.)44 b(A)32 b(leading)g(`)p Ft(!)p
6bd75b8d 19123Fu(')f(negates)i(the)f(pattern;)150 1696 y(in)d(this)g(case)h(an)m(y)g
8a0829e9 19124(completion)h(not)e(matc)m(hing)h(the)g(pattern)f(will)h(b)s(e)e(remo)m
6bd75b8d 19125(v)m(ed.)42 b(If)29 b(the)g Ft(nocasematch)150 1806 y
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19126Fu(shell)k(option)f(\(see)i(the)e(description)g(of)h
19127Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)h(page)g
6bd75b8d 19128(73\))h(is)150 1915 y(enabled,)d(the)f(matc)m(h)h(is)g(p)s(erformed)e
8a0829e9 19129(without)h(regard)g(to)h(the)g(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m
6bd75b8d 19130(haracters.)275 2066 y(Finally)-8 b(,)42 b(an)m(y)c(pre\014x)g(and)f
6e51e0d0 19131(su\016x)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)i(the)f Ft(-P)g Fu(and)g
6bd75b8d 19132Ft(-S)f Fu(options)i(are)g(added)f(to)h(eac)m(h)150 2176
6e51e0d0 19133y(mem)m(b)s(er)31 b(of)g(the)h(completion)h(list,)f(and)f(the)h(result)
e59452c7 19134f(is)h(returned)e(to)i(the)g(Readline)g(completion)h(co)s(de)150
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191352285 y(as)e(the)f(list)h(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)275
191362436 y(If)d(the)h(previously-applied)f(actions)i(do)f(not)g(generate)h
e59452c7 19137(an)m(y)f(matc)m(hes,)i(and)d(the)h Ft(-o)h(dirnames)d
6bd75b8d 19138Fu(op-)150 2545 y(tion)j(w)m(as)f(supplied)f(to)i Ft(complete)d
e59452c7 19139Fu(when)h(the)h(compsp)s(ec)g(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g(directory)g(name)h
6bd75b8d 19140(completion)150 2655 y(is)h(attempted.)275 2806 y(If)35
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19141b(the)g Ft(-o)30 b(plusdirs)j Fu(option)j(w)m(as)g(supplied)e(to)i
19142Ft(complete)e Fu(when)g(the)i(compsp)s(ec)f(w)m(as)h(de\014ned,)150
6bd75b8d 191432915 y(directory)g(name)f(completion)i(is)e(attempted)h(and)f(an)m(y)h
6e51e0d0 19144(matc)m(hes)g(are)g(added)f(to)h(the)f(results)g(of)h(the)150
6bd75b8d 191453025 y(other)31 b(actions.)275 3176 y(By)g(default,)i(if)e(a)h(compsp)s
6e51e0d0 19146(ec)f(is)h(found,)f(whatev)m(er)h(it)g(generates)h(is)e(returned)g(to)h
6bd75b8d 19147(the)g(completion)150 3285 y(co)s(de)21 b(as)g(the)g(full)g(set)g(of)g
6e51e0d0 19148(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)39 b(The)20 b(default)h(Bash)g(completions)
6bd75b8d 19149h(are)g(not)f(attempted,)150 3395 y(and)30 b(the)g(Readline)h(default)f
e6983002 19150(of)g(\014lename)h(completion)g(is)f(disabled.)41 b(If)29
6bd75b8d 19151b(the)i Ft(-o)e(bashdefault)e Fu(option)150 3504 y(w)m(as)d(supplied)e
e6983002 19152(to)j Ft(complete)c Fu(when)i(the)g(compsp)s(ec)h(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g
6bd75b8d 19153(the)f(default)h(Bash)g(completions)h(are)150 3614 y(attempted)j(if)f
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19154(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(generates)h(no)f(matc)m(hes.)41
19155b(If)27 b(the)g Ft(-o)j(default)25 b Fu(option)j(w)m(as)f(supplied)f
6bd75b8d 19156(to)150 3724 y Ft(complete)f Fu(when)h(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(w)m(as)i
e6983002 19157(de\014ned,)e(Readline's)i(default)f(completion)h(will)f(b)s(e)f(p)s
6bd75b8d 19158(erformed)150 3833 y(if)k(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(\(and,)g(if)h(attempted,)
e6983002 19159g(the)g(default)f(Bash)h(completions\))h(generate)g(no)e(matc)m(hes.)
6bd75b8d 19160275 3984 y(When)20 b(a)i(compsp)s(ec)e(indicates)i(that)g(directory)g
e6983002 19161(name)f(completion)h(is)f(desired,)i(the)e(programmable)150
6bd75b8d 191624093 y(completion)31 b(functions)e(force)i(Readline)f(to)h(app)s(end)d
d37a4722 19163(a)i(slash)g(to)g(completed)h(names)e(whic)m(h)h(are)g(sym-)150
6bd75b8d 191644203 y(b)s(olic)40 b(links)g(to)h(directories,)j(sub)5
d37a4722 19165b(ject)40 b(to)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)f(the)g Fr(mark-directories)
6bd75b8d 1916645 b Fu(Readline)c(v)-5 b(ariable,)150 4313 y(regardless)31
d37a4722 19167b(of)f(the)h(setting)g(of)g(the)f Fr(mark-symlink)m(ed-directories)36
6bd75b8d 19168b Fu(Readline)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable.)275 4463 y(There)25
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19169b(is)i(some)g(supp)s(ort)e(for)h(dynamically)h(mo)s(difying)f
19170(completions.)40 b(This)26 b(is)g(most)h(useful)f(when)150
6bd75b8d 191714573 y(used)40 b(in)h(com)m(bination)i(with)e(a)g(default)h(completion)
d37a4722 19172g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)g Ft(-D)p Fu(.)72 b(It's)42 b(p)s(ossible)f
6bd75b8d 19173(for)g(shell)150 4682 y(functions)28 b(executed)h(as)f(completion)i
d37a4722 19174(handlers)d(to)i(indicate)g(that)g(completion)g(should)e(b)s(e)h
6bd75b8d 19175(retried)g(b)m(y)150 4792 y(returning)j(an)i(exit)g(status)f(of)h(124.)
d37a4722 1917648 b(If)31 b(a)i(shell)f(function)g(returns)f(124,)k(and)c(c)m(hanges)j
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CR
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19443b(displa)m(y)e(the)g(completion)h(options)g(for)e(eac)m(h)i
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19447Fu(builtin)i(describ)s(ed)p eop end
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ad4aef08
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21507(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)
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21513(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h
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21515(cumen)m(t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f(principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g
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1231ac47
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21518b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g
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215301998 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f
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1231ac47
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21532(required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 2107 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f
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37c41ab1 21536(\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g
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1231ac47
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21545b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2929 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m
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37c41ab1
CR
21553y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net)
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1231ac47
CR
21557d(of)i(the)510 3614 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s
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37c41ab1
CR
21567b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5
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37c41ab1
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21570b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42
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1231ac47
CR
215724573 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357
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1231ac47
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21575(in)510 4819 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31
21576b(Section.)354 4956 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8
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1231ac47
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
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37c41ab1
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
21648(bination,)46 b(y)m(ou)41 b(m)m(ust)g(com)m(bine)h(an)m(y)g(sections)g
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1231ac47
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
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37c41ab1
CR
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23259g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3345
23260y(w)n(ord)h(splitting)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
23261(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
23262g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(36)2021 3642 y Fs(Y)2025
232633763 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
23264(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
b64a7d8c 23265g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(124)p eop end
5e13499c 23266%%Trailer
37c41ab1 23267
5e13499c
CR
23268userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
23269%%EOF