built-in add -i: allow filtering the modified files list

built-in add -i: allow filtering the modified files list

In the `update` command of `git add -i`, we are primarily interested in the
list of modified files that have worktree (i.e. unstaged) changes.

At the same time, we need to determine _also_ the staged changes, to be
able to produce the full added/deleted information.

The Perl script version of `git add -i` has a parameter of the
`list_modified()` function for that matter. In C, we can be a lot more
precise, using an `enum`.

The C implementation of the filter also has an easier time to avoid
unnecessary work, simply by using an adaptive order of the `diff-index`
and `diff-files` phases, and then skipping files in the second phase
when they have not been seen in the first phase.

Seeing as we change the meaning of the `phase` field, we rename it to
`mode` to reflect that the order depends on the exact invocation of the
`git add -i` command.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>