Add appropriate lower bound checks for GeneralizedTime and UTCTime

Add appropriate lower bound checks for GeneralizedTime and UTCTime

ITU-T X.690 / ISO/IEC 8825-1 section 11.7 and section 11.8
impose specific constraints on how GeneralizedTime and UTCTime
can be encoded in BER/CER/DER. Following from these constraints
a minimum length can be derived.

Checking the length in this context can potentially help prevent
applications from interpreting an invalid GeneralizedTime as a
valid UTCTime.

Reviewed-by: Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/23483)