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514094f9 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
4149f86d | 4 | <!-- |
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5 | SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ |
6 | ||
96b2fb93 | 7 | Copyright © 2010 Brandon Philips |
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8 | --> |
9 | <refentry id="tmpfiles.d"> | |
10 | ||
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11 | <refentryinfo> |
12 | <title>tmpfiles.d</title> | |
13 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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14 | </refentryinfo> |
15 | ||
16 | <refmeta> | |
17 | <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle> | |
18 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
19 | </refmeta> | |
20 | ||
21 | <refnamediv> | |
22 | <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname> | |
23 | <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of | |
24 | volatile and temporary files</refpurpose> | |
25 | </refnamediv> | |
26 | ||
27 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
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28 | <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
29 | <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> | |
30 | <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> | |
31 | </literallayout></para> | |
32 | ||
33 | <para><literallayout><filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> | |
34 | <filename>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> | |
35 | <filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> | |
f8b68539 | 36 | <filename index='false'>…</filename> |
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37 | <filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename> |
38 | </literallayout></para> | |
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39 | |
40 | <programlisting>#Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument | |
41 | f /file/to/create mode user group - content | |
eccebf4b | 42 | f+ /file/to/create-or-truncate mode user group - content |
b0458daf | 43 | w /file/to/write-to - - - - content |
4b55952d | 44 | w+ /file/to/append-to - - - - content |
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45 | d /directory/to/create-and-cleanup mode user group cleanup-age - |
46 | D /directory/to/create-and-remove mode user group cleanup-age - | |
47 | e /directory/to/cleanup mode user group cleanup-age - | |
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48 | v /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group - - |
49 | Q /subvolume/to/create mode user group - - | |
50 | p /fifo/to/create mode user group - - | |
4b55952d | 51 | p+ /fifo/to/[re]create mode user group - - |
b0458daf | 52 | L /symlink/to/create - - - - symlink/target/path |
4b55952d | 53 | L+ /symlink/to/[re]create - - - - symlink/target/path |
f6bc26ee AB |
54 | c /dev/char-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor |
55 | c+ /dev/char-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor | |
56 | b /dev/block-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor | |
57 | b+ /dev/block-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor | |
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58 | C /target/to/create - - - - /source/to/copy |
59 | x /path-or-glob/to/ignore - - - - - | |
60 | X /path-or-glob/to/ignore/recursively - - - - - | |
61 | r /empty/dir/to/remove - - - - - | |
62 | R /dir/to/remove/recursively - - - - - | |
63 | z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode mode user group - MAC context | |
64 | Z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode/recursively mode user group - MAC context | |
65 | t /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs - - - - xattrs | |
66 | T /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs/recursively - - - - xattrs | |
67 | h /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs - - - - file attrs | |
68 | H /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs/recursively - - - - file attrs | |
69 | a /path-or-glob/to/set/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs | |
4b55952d | 70 | a+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs |
b0458daf | 71 | A /path-or-glob/to/set/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs |
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72 | A+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs |
73 | ||
b0458daf | 74 | </programlisting> |
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75 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
76 | ||
77 | <refsect1> | |
78 | <title>Description</title> | |
79 | ||
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80 | <para><filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> configuration files provide a generic mechanism to define the |
81 | <emphasis>creation</emphasis> of regular files, directories, pipes, and device nodes, adjustments to | |
82 | their <emphasis>access mode, ownership, attributes, quota assignments, and contents</emphasis>, and | |
83 | finally their time-based <emphasis>removal</emphasis>. It is mostly commonly used for volatile and | |
84 | temporary files and directories (such as those located under <filename>/run</filename>, | |
85 | <filename>/tmp</filename>, <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as | |
86 | <filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well as some other directories below | |
87 | <filename>/var</filename>).</para> | |
88 | ||
89 | <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses this configuration to create volatile files and | |
90 | directories during boot and to do periodic cleanup afterwards. See | |
91 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
92 | the description of <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>, | |
93 | <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-cleanup.service</filename>, and associated units.</para> | |
94 | ||
95 | <para>System daemons frequently require private runtime directories below <filename>/run</filename> to | |
96 | store communication sockets and similar. For these, is is better to use | |
97 | <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> in their unit files (see | |
98 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
99 | details), if the flexibility provided by <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> is not required. The advantages | |
100 | are that the configuration required by the unit is centralized in one place, and that the lifetime of the | |
101 | directory is tied to the lifetime of the service itself. Similarly, <varname>StateDirectory=</varname>, | |
102 | <varname>CacheDirectory=</varname>, <varname>LogsDirectory=</varname>, and | |
103 | <varname>ConfigurationDirectory=</varname> should be used to create directories under | |
104 | <filename>/var/lib/</filename>, <filename>/var/cache/</filename>, <filename>/var/log/</filename>, and | |
105 | <filename>/etc/</filename>. <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename> should be used for files whose lifetime is | |
106 | independent of any service or requires more complicated configuration.</para> | |
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107 | </refsect1> |
108 | ||
109 | <refsect1> | |
8165be2e | 110 | <title>Configuration Directories and Precedence</title> |
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111 | |
112 | <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of | |
113 | <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or | |
114 | <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>. | |
115 | The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it | |
116 | easy to override just this part of configuration.</para> | |
117 | ||
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118 | <para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same name in |
119 | <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in | |
120 | <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same name in | |
121 | <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should install their configuration files in | |
122 | <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for the local | |
123 | administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. All | |
124 | configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories | |
125 | they reside in. If multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with the lexicographically earliest | |
126 | name will be applied. All other conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are prefix path and | |
127 | suffix path of each other, then the prefix line is always created first, the suffix later (and if removal applies | |
128 | to the line, the order is reversed: the suffix is removed first, the prefix later). Lines that take globs are | |
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129 | applied after those accepting no globs. If multiple operations shall be applied on the same file (such as ACL, |
130 | xattr, file attribute adjustments), these are always done in the same fixed order. Except for those cases, the | |
131 | files/directories are processed in the order they are listed.</para> | |
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132 | |
133 | <para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file | |
134 | supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink | |
135 | to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in | |
136 | <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename. | |
137 | </para> | |
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138 | </refsect1> |
139 | ||
140 | <refsect1> | |
141 | <title>Configuration File Format</title> | |
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142 | |
143 | <para>The configuration format is one line per path containing | |
144 | type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para> | |
145 | ||
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146 | <programlisting>#Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument |
147 | d /run/user 0755 root root 10d - | |
148 | L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting> | |
302fbdf2 | 149 | |
657cf7f4 | 150 | <para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para> |
151 | ||
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152 | <refsect2> |
153 | <title>Type</title> | |
154 | ||
155 | <para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an | |
6d7b5433 | 156 | exclamation mark and/or minus sign.</para> |
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157 | |
158 | <para>The following line types are understood:</para> | |
159 | ||
160 | <variablelist> | |
161 | <varlistentry> | |
162 | <term><varname>f</varname></term> | |
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163 | <term><varname>f+</varname></term> |
164 | <listitem><para><varname>f</varname> will create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument | |
165 | parameter is given and the file did not exist yet, it will be written to the file. | |
166 | <varname>f+</varname> will create or truncate the file. If the argument parameter is given, it will | |
167 | be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
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168 | </varlistentry> |
169 | ||
170 | <varlistentry> | |
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171 | <term><varname>w</varname></term> |
172 | <term><varname>w+</varname></term> | |
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173 | <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists. |
174 | If suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the line will be appended to the file. | |
175 | If your configuration writes multiple lines to the same file, use <varname>w+</varname>. | |
176 | Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. | |
177 | The argument parameter will be written without a trailing newline. | |
178 | C-style backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
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179 | </varlistentry> |
180 | ||
181 | <varlistentry> | |
182 | <term><varname>d</varname></term> | |
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183 | <listitem><para>Create a directory. The mode and ownership will be adjusted if specified. Contents |
184 | of this directory are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified. | |
185 | </para></listitem> | |
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186 | </varlistentry> |
187 | ||
188 | <varlistentry> | |
189 | <term><varname>D</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
190 | <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but in addition the contents of the directory will |
191 | be removed when <option>--remove</option> is used.</para></listitem> | |
4b743d67 | 192 | </varlistentry> |
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193 | |
194 | <varlistentry> | |
195 | <term><varname>e</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
196 | <listitem><para>Adjust the mode and ownership of existing directories and remove their contents |
197 | based on age. | |
198 | Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. Contents of the | |
199 | directories are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified. If the age argument | |
200 | is <literal>0</literal>, contents will be unconditionally deleted every time | |
201 | <command>systemd-tmpfiles --clean</command> is run.</para> | |
202 | ||
203 | <para>For this entry to be useful, at least one of the mode, user, group, or age arguments must be | |
204 | specified, since otherwise this entry has no effect. As an exception, an entry with no effect may | |
205 | be useful when combined with <varname>!</varname>, see the examples.</para></listitem> | |
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206 | </varlistentry> |
207 | ||
208 | <varlistentry> | |
209 | <term><varname>v</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
210 | <listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not exist yet, the file system supports |
211 | subvolumes (btrfs), and the system itself is installed into a subvolume (specifically: the root | |
212 | directory <filename>/</filename> is itself a subvolume). Otherwise, create a normal directory, in | |
213 | the same way as <varname>d</varname>.</para> | |
214 | ||
215 | <para>A subvolume created with this line type is not assigned to any higher-level quota group. For | |
216 | that, use <varname>q</varname> or <varname>Q</varname>, which allow creating simple quota group | |
217 | hierarchies, see below.</para></listitem> | |
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218 | </varlistentry> |
219 | ||
220 | <varlistentry> | |
221 | <term><varname>q</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
222 | <listitem><para>Create a subvolume or directory the same as <varname>v</varname>, but assign the |
223 | subvolume to the same higher-level quota groups as the parent. This ensures that higher-level | |
224 | limits and accounting applied to the parent subvolume also include the specified subvolume. On | |
225 | non-btrfs file systems, this line type is identical to <varname>d</varname>.</para> | |
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226 | |
227 | <para>If the subvolume already exists, no change to the quota hierarchy is made, regardless of whether the | |
228 | subvolume is already attached to a quota group or not. Also see <varname>Q</varname> below. See <citerefentry | |
229 | project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
230 | details about the btrfs quota group concept.</para></listitem> | |
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231 | </varlistentry> |
232 | ||
233 | <varlistentry> | |
234 | <term><varname>Q</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
235 | <listitem><para>Create the subvolume or directory the same as <varname>v</varname>, but assign the |
236 | new subvolume to a new leaf quota group. Instead of copying the higher-level quota group | |
237 | assignments from the parent as is done with <varname>q</varname>, the lowest quota group of the | |
238 | parent subvolume is determined that is not the leaf quota group. Then, an "intermediary" quota | |
239 | group is inserted that is one level below this level, and shares the same ID part as the specified | |
240 | subvolume. If no higher-level quota group exists for the parent subvolume, a new quota group at | |
241 | level 255 sharing the same ID as the specified subvolume is inserted instead. This new intermediary | |
242 | quota group is then assigned to the parent subvolume's higher-level quota groups, and the specified | |
243 | subvolume's leaf quota group is assigned to it.</para> | |
f17a8d61 FB |
244 | |
245 | <para>Effectively, this has a similar effect as <varname>q</varname>, however introduces a new higher-level | |
246 | quota group for the specified subvolume that may be used to enforce limits and accounting to the specified | |
247 | subvolume and children subvolume created within it. Thus, by creating subvolumes only via | |
248 | <varname>q</varname> and <varname>Q</varname>, a concept of "subtree quotas" is implemented. Each subvolume | |
249 | for which <varname>Q</varname> is set will get a "subtree" quota group created, and all child subvolumes | |
250 | created within it will be assigned to it. Each subvolume for which <varname>q</varname> is set will not get | |
251 | such a "subtree" quota group, but it is ensured that they are added to the same "subtree" quota group as | |
252 | their immediate parents.</para> | |
253 | ||
254 | <para>It is recommended to use <varname>Q</varname> for subvolumes that typically contain further subvolumes, | |
255 | and where it is desirable to have accounting and quota limits on all child subvolumes together. Examples for | |
256 | <varname>Q</varname> are typically <filename>/home</filename> or <filename>/var/lib/machines</filename>. In | |
257 | contrast, <varname>q</varname> should be used for subvolumes that either usually do not include further | |
258 | subvolumes or where no accounting and quota limits are needed that apply to all child subvolumes | |
259 | together. Examples for <varname>q</varname> are typically <filename>/var</filename> or | |
260 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. </para> | |
261 | ||
262 | <para>As with <varname>q</varname>, <varname>Q</varname> has no effect on the quota group hierarchy if the | |
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263 | subvolume already exists, regardless of whether the subvolume already belong to a quota group or not. |
264 | </para></listitem> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
265 | </varlistentry> |
266 | ||
267 | <varlistentry> | |
268 | <term><varname>p</varname></term> | |
269 | <term><varname>p+</varname></term> | |
270 | <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not | |
271 | exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file | |
272 | already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be | |
273 | removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem> | |
274 | </varlistentry> | |
275 | ||
276 | <varlistentry> | |
277 | <term><varname>L</varname></term> | |
278 | <term><varname>L+</varname></term> | |
279 | <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist | |
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280 | yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file or |
281 | directory already exists where the symlink is to be created, | |
282 | it will be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the | |
283 | argument is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name | |
284 | residing in the directory | |
285 | <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are created. Note | |
286 | that permissions and ownership on symlinks are ignored. | |
287 | </para></listitem> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
288 | </varlistentry> |
289 | ||
290 | <varlistentry> | |
291 | <term><varname>c</varname></term> | |
292 | <term><varname>c+</varname></term> | |
293 | <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does | |
294 | not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a | |
295 | file already exists where the device node is to be created, | |
296 | it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is | |
297 | recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to | |
298 | only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not | |
299 | manage static device nodes that are created at runtime. | |
300 | </para></listitem> | |
301 | </varlistentry> | |
302 | ||
303 | <varlistentry> | |
304 | <term><varname>b</varname></term> | |
305 | <term><varname>b+</varname></term> | |
306 | <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not | |
307 | exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file | |
308 | already exists where the device node is to be created, it | |
309 | will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is | |
310 | recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to | |
311 | only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not | |
312 | manage static device nodes that are created at runtime. | |
313 | </para></listitem> | |
314 | </varlistentry> | |
315 | ||
316 | <varlistentry> | |
317 | <term><varname>C</varname></term> | |
318 | <listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the | |
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319 | destination files or directories do not exist yet or the |
320 | destination directory is empty. Note that this command will not | |
321 | descend into subdirectories if the destination directory already | |
322 | exists and is not empty. Instead, the entire copy operation is | |
323 | skipped. If the argument is omitted, files from the source directory | |
302fbdf2 | 324 | <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name |
6a9171d2 | 325 | are copied. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
326 | </varlistentry> |
327 | ||
328 | <varlistentry> | |
329 | <term><varname>x</varname></term> | |
330 | <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type | |
331 | to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age | |
332 | parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the | |
333 | effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname> | |
50d9e46d | 334 | lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place |
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335 | of normal path names. </para></listitem> |
336 | </varlistentry> | |
337 | ||
338 | <varlistentry> | |
339 | <term><varname>X</varname></term> | |
340 | <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type | |
341 | to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age | |
342 | parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will | |
343 | not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only | |
344 | directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not | |
345 | influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or | |
50d9e46d | 346 | <varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept |
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347 | shell-style globs in place of normal path names. |
348 | </para></listitem> | |
349 | </varlistentry> | |
350 | ||
351 | <varlistentry> | |
352 | <term><varname>r</varname></term> | |
353 | <listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists. | |
354 | This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use | |
355 | <varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept | |
356 | shell-style globs in place of normal path | |
6a9171d2 | 357 | names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
358 | </varlistentry> |
359 | ||
360 | <varlistentry> | |
361 | <term><varname>R</varname></term> | |
362 | <listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its | |
363 | subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type | |
364 | accept shell-style globs in place of normal path | |
6a9171d2 | 365 | names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
366 | </varlistentry> |
367 | ||
368 | <varlistentry> | |
369 | <term><varname>z</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
370 | <listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, user and group ownership, and restore the SELinux security |
371 | context of a file or directory, if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place | |
372 | of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
373 | </varlistentry> |
374 | ||
375 | <varlistentry> | |
376 | <term><varname>Z</varname></term> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
377 | <listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, user and group ownership, and restore the SELinux |
378 | security context of a file or directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and the | |
379 | files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of | |
380 | normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
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381 | </varlistentry> |
382 | ||
383 | <varlistentry> | |
384 | <term><varname>t</varname></term> | |
f3d3a9ca LP |
385 | <listitem><para>Set extended attributes, see <citerefentry |
386 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle> | |
387 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details. The argument field should take one or more | |
388 | assignment expressions in the form | |
389 | <replaceable>namespace</replaceable>.<replaceable>attribute</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>, | |
390 | for examples see below. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path | |
391 | names. This can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow symlinks.</para> | |
392 | ||
393 | <para>Please note that extended attributes settable with this line type are a different concept | |
394 | from the Linux file attributes settable with <varname>h</varname>/<varname>H</varname>, see | |
395 | below.</para></listitem> | |
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396 | </varlistentry> |
397 | ||
398 | <varlistentry> | |
399 | <term><varname>T</varname></term> | |
f3d3a9ca | 400 | <listitem><para>Same as <varname>t</varname>, but operates recursively.</para></listitem> |
302fbdf2 | 401 | </varlistentry> |
f8eeeaf9 | 402 | |
fa3f5fd2 GB |
403 | <varlistentry> |
404 | <term><varname>h</varname></term> | |
f3d3a9ca LP |
405 | <listitem><para>Set Linux file/directory attributes. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in |
406 | place of normal path names.</para> | |
fa3f5fd2 | 407 | |
f3d3a9ca | 408 | <para>The format of the argument field is <varname>[+-=][aAcCdDeijPsStTu]</varname>. The prefix |
75006470 LP |
409 | <varname>+</varname> (the default one) causes the attribute(s) to be added; <varname>-</varname> |
410 | causes the attribute(s) to be removed; <varname>=</varname> causes the attributes to be set exactly | |
411 | as the following letters. The letters <literal>aAcCdDeijPsStTu</literal> select the new attributes | |
412 | for the files, see <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle> | |
fa3f5fd2 GB |
413 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further information. |
414 | </para> | |
f3d3a9ca LP |
415 | |
416 | <para>Passing only <varname>=</varname> as argument resets all the file attributes listed above. It | |
417 | has to be pointed out that the <varname>=</varname> prefix limits itself to the attributes | |
418 | corresponding to the letters listed here. All other attributes will be left untouched. Does not | |
419 | follow symlinks.</para> | |
420 | ||
421 | <para>Please note that the Linux file attributes settable with this line type are a different | |
422 | concept from the extended attributes settable with <varname>t</varname>/<varname>T</varname>, | |
423 | see above.</para></listitem> | |
fa3f5fd2 GB |
424 | </varlistentry> |
425 | ||
426 | <varlistentry> | |
427 | <term><varname>H</varname></term> | |
f3d3a9ca | 428 | <listitem><para>Sames as <varname>h</varname>, but operates recursively.</para></listitem> |
fa3f5fd2 GB |
429 | </varlistentry> |
430 | ||
f8eeeaf9 ZJS |
431 | <varlistentry> |
432 | <term><varname>a</varname></term> | |
50d9e46d | 433 | <term><varname>a+</varname></term> |
f3d3a9ca LP |
434 | <listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists), see <citerefentry |
435 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>acl</refentrytitle> | |
436 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the specified | |
437 | entries will be added to the existing set. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically | |
438 | add the required base entries for user and group based on the access mode of the file, unless base | |
439 | entries already exist or are explicitly specified. The mask will be added if not specified | |
440 | explicitly or already present. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path | |
441 | names. This can be useful for allowing additional access to certain files. Does not follow | |
442 | symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
b705ab6a ZJS |
443 | </varlistentry> |
444 | ||
445 | <varlistentry> | |
446 | <term><varname>A</varname></term> | |
50d9e46d ZJS |
447 | <term><varname>A+</varname></term> |
448 | <listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and | |
6a9171d2 LP |
449 | <varname>a+</varname>, but recursive. Does not follow |
450 | symlinks.</para></listitem> | |
f8eeeaf9 | 451 | </varlistentry> |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
452 | </variablelist> |
453 | ||
7f700b8a | 454 | <para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe to |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
455 | execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines |
456 | without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute | |
457 | at any time, e.g. on package upgrades. | |
458 | <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will execute line with an | |
459 | exclamation mark only if option <option>--boot</option> is | |
460 | given.</para> | |
461 | ||
462 | <para>For example: | |
463 | <programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can | |
9b9c30ec | 464 | d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d |
302fbdf2 | 465 | |
9b9c30ec LP |
466 | # Unlink the X11 lock files |
467 | r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
468 | The second line in contrast to the first one would break a |
469 | running system, and will only be executed with | |
470 | <option>--boot</option>.</para> | |
7fa10748 | 471 | |
6d7b5433 WD |
472 | <para>If the minus sign is used, this line failing to run |
473 | successfully during create (and only create) will not cause | |
474 | the execution of <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> to return | |
475 | an error.</para> | |
476 | ||
477 | <para>For example: | |
478 | <programlisting># Modify sysfs but don't fail if we are in a container with a read-only /proc | |
479 | w- /proc/sys/vm/swappiness - - - - 10</programlisting></para> | |
480 | ||
7fa10748 LP |
481 | <para>Note that for all line types that result in creation of any kind of file node |
482 | (i.e. <varname>f</varname>/<varname>F</varname>, | |
483 | <varname>d</varname>/<varname>D</varname>/<varname>v</varname>/<varname>q</varname>/<varname>Q</varname>, | |
484 | <varname>p</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>c</varname>/<varname>b</varname> and <varname>C</varname>) | |
485 | leading directories are implicitly created if needed, owned by root with an access mode of 0755. In order to | |
486 | create them with different modes or ownership make sure to add appropriate <varname>d</varname> lines.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
487 | </refsect2> |
488 | ||
489 | <refsect2> | |
490 | <title>Path</title> | |
491 | ||
492 | <para>The file system path specification supports simple | |
2df36d09 ZJS |
493 | specifier expansion, see below. The path (after expansion) must be |
494 | absolute.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
495 | </refsect2> |
496 | ||
497 | <refsect2> | |
498 | <title>Mode</title> | |
499 | ||
500 | <para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or | |
501 | directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the | |
502 | default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file | |
503 | objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines, | |
504 | if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access | |
505 | mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for | |
506 | <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>, | |
f8eeeaf9 ZJS |
507 | <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, |
508 | and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
509 | |
510 | <para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the | |
511 | access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for | |
512 | existing file or directories: if the existing file has all | |
513 | executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the | |
514 | new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed | |
515 | from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new | |
516 | access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be | |
517 | removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the | |
518 | sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a | |
519 | directory. This functionality is particularly useful in | |
520 | conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para> | |
521 | </refsect2> | |
522 | ||
523 | <refsect2> | |
488e4352 ZJS |
524 | <title>User, Group</title> |
525 | ||
526 | <para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This may either be a numeric ID or a | |
527 | user/group name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the user and group of the user who | |
528 | invokes <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> is used. For <varname>z</varname> and <varname>Z</varname> | |
529 | lines, when omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be modified. These | |
530 | parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>, | |
531 | <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para> | |
007b77ac LP |
532 | |
533 | <para>This field should generally only reference system users/groups, i.e. users/groups that are | |
534 | guaranteed to be resolvable during early boot. If this field references users/groups that only become | |
535 | resolveable during later boot (i.e. after NIS, LDAP or a similar networked directory service become | |
536 | available), execution of the operations declared by the line will likely fail. Also see <ulink | |
d59fc29b | 537 | url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS/#notes-on-resolvability-of-user-and-group-names">Notes on |
007b77ac LP |
538 | Resolvability of User and Group Names</ulink> for more information on requirements on system user/group |
539 | definitions.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
540 | </refsect2> |
541 | ||
542 | <refsect2> | |
543 | <title>Age</title> | |
544 | <para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to | |
545 | delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the | |
546 | current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field | |
547 | format is a series of integers each followed by one of the | |
a8eaaee7 | 548 | following suffixes for the respective time units: |
00c53f42 ZJS |
549 | <constant>s</constant>, |
550 | <constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>, | |
551 | <constant>h</constant>, | |
552 | <constant>d</constant>, | |
553 | <constant>w</constant>, | |
a8eaaee7 | 554 | <constant>ms</constant>, and |
00c53f42 | 555 | <constant>us</constant>, |
a8eaaee7 JE |
556 | meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, |
557 | milliseconds, and microseconds, respectively. Full names of the time units can | |
00c53f42 ZJS |
558 | be used too. |
559 | </para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
560 | |
561 | <para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time | |
00c53f42 ZJS |
562 | values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit, |
563 | <constant>s</constant> is assumed. | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
564 | </para> |
565 | ||
566 | <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned | |
567 | unconditionally.</para> | |
568 | ||
5fb13eb5 | 569 | <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with |
df8dee85 | 570 | <varname>d</varname>, <varname>D</varname>, <varname>e</varname>, |
5fb13eb5 LP |
571 | <varname>v</varname>, <varname>q</varname>, |
572 | <varname>Q</varname>, <varname>C</varname>, <varname>x</varname> | |
573 | and <varname>X</varname>. If omitted or set to | |
574 | <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is done.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
575 | |
576 | <para>If the age field starts with a tilde character | |
577 | <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and | |
578 | directories one level inside the directory specified, but not | |
579 | the files and directories immediately inside it.</para> | |
662b3e58 LW |
580 | |
581 | <para>The age of a file system entry is determined from its last | |
582 | modification timestamp (mtime), its last access timestamp (atime), | |
583 | and (except for directories) its last status change timestamp | |
584 | (ctime). Any of these three (or two) values will prevent cleanup | |
585 | if it is more recent than the current time minus the age | |
586 | field.</para> | |
aa1f2e52 LP |
587 | |
588 | <para>Note that while the aging algorithm is run a 'shared' BSD file lock (see <citerefentry | |
589 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>flock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is | |
590 | taken on each directory the algorithm descends into (and each directory below that, and so on). If the | |
591 | aging algorithm finds a lock is already taken on some directory, it (and everything below it) is | |
592 | skipped. Applications may use this to temporarily exclude certain directory subtrees from the aging | |
593 | algorithm: the applications can take a BSD file lock themselves, and as long as they keep it aging of | |
594 | the directory and everything below it is disabled.</para> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
595 | </refsect2> |
596 | ||
597 | <refsect2> | |
598 | <title>Argument</title> | |
599 | ||
49e87292 LP |
600 | <para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname> and |
601 | <varname>b</varname>, determines the major/minor of the device node, with major and minor formatted as integers, | |
602 | separated by <literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, | |
603 | and <varname>w</varname>, the argument may be used to specify a short string that is written to the file, | |
604 | suffixed by a newline. For <varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or directory. For <varname>t</varname> | |
605 | and <varname>T</varname>, determines extended attributes to be set. For <varname>a</varname> and | |
606 | <varname>A</varname>, determines ACL attributes to be set. For <varname>h</varname> and <varname>H</varname>, | |
607 | determines the file attributes to set. Ignored for all other lines.</para> | |
2df36d09 ZJS |
608 | |
609 | <para>This field can contain specifiers, see below.</para> | |
302fbdf2 | 610 | </refsect2> |
2df36d09 | 611 | </refsect1> |
302fbdf2 | 612 | |
2df36d09 ZJS |
613 | <refsect1> |
614 | <title>Specifiers</title> | |
615 | ||
616 | <para>Specifiers can be used in the "path" and "argument" fields. | |
751223fe | 617 | An unknown or unresolvable specifier is treated as invalid configuration. |
2df36d09 ZJS |
618 | The following expansions are understood:</para> |
619 | <table> | |
620 | <title>Specifiers available</title> | |
621 | <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> | |
622 | <colspec colname="spec" /> | |
623 | <colspec colname="mean" /> | |
624 | <colspec colname="detail" /> | |
625 | <thead> | |
626 | <row> | |
627 | <entry>Specifier</entry> | |
628 | <entry>Meaning</entry> | |
629 | <entry>Details</entry> | |
630 | </row> | |
631 | </thead> | |
632 | <tbody> | |
2df36d09 ZJS |
633 | <row> |
634 | <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry> | |
635 | <entry>Boot ID</entry> | |
636 | <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> | |
637 | </row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
638 | <row> |
639 | <entry><literal>%C</literal></entry> | |
640 | <entry>System or user cache directory</entry> | |
641 | <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CACHE_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/cache</filename> otherwise.</entry> | |
642 | </row> | |
643 | <row> | |
644 | <entry><literal>%h</literal></entry> | |
645 | <entry>User home directory</entry> | |
052c59c3 | 646 | <entry>This is the home directory of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>/root</literal>.</entry> |
709f4c47 | 647 | </row> |
2df36d09 ZJS |
648 | <row> |
649 | <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry> | |
650 | <entry>Host name</entry> | |
651 | <entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry> | |
652 | </row> | |
653 | <row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
654 | <entry><literal>%L</literal></entry> |
655 | <entry>System or user log directory</entry> | |
b0343f8c | 656 | <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname> with <filename index="false">/log</filename> appended, and <filename>/var/log</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
ca23eeb5 TW |
657 | </row> |
658 | <row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
659 | <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry> |
660 | <entry>Machine ID</entry> | |
661 | <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> | |
ca23eeb5 TW |
662 | </row> |
663 | <row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
664 | <entry><literal>%S</literal></entry> |
665 | <entry>System or user state directory</entry> | |
666 | <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/lib</filename> otherwise.</entry> | |
ca23eeb5 | 667 | </row> |
5a8575ef ZJS |
668 | <row> |
669 | <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry> | |
670 | <entry>System or user runtime directory</entry> | |
8252eb18 | 671 | <entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname>, and <filename>/run</filename> otherwise.</entry> |
5a8575ef | 672 | </row> |
b294e594 LP |
673 | <row> |
674 | <entry><literal>%T</literal></entry> | |
675 | <entry>Directory for temporary files</entry> | |
676 | <entry>This is either <filename>/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry> | |
677 | </row> | |
b75f0c69 DC |
678 | <row> |
679 | <entry><literal>%g</literal></entry> | |
680 | <entry>User group</entry> | |
681 | <entry>This is the name of the group running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>root</literal>.</entry> | |
682 | </row> | |
683 | <row> | |
684 | <entry><literal>%G</literal></entry> | |
685 | <entry>User GID</entry> | |
686 | <entry>This is the numeric GID of the group running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <constant>0</constant>.</entry> | |
687 | </row> | |
5a8575ef | 688 | <row> |
709f4c47 LP |
689 | <entry><literal>%u</literal></entry> |
690 | <entry>User name</entry> | |
052c59c3 | 691 | <entry>This is the name of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>root</literal>.</entry> |
5a8575ef ZJS |
692 | </row> |
693 | <row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
694 | <entry><literal>%U</literal></entry> |
695 | <entry>User UID</entry> | |
052c59c3 | 696 | <entry>This is the numeric UID of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <constant>0</constant>.</entry> |
5a8575ef ZJS |
697 | </row> |
698 | <row> | |
709f4c47 LP |
699 | <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry> |
700 | <entry>Kernel release</entry> | |
701 | <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry> | |
5a8575ef | 702 | </row> |
b294e594 LP |
703 | <row> |
704 | <entry><literal>%V</literal></entry> | |
705 | <entry>Directory for larger and persistent temporary files</entry> | |
706 | <entry>This is either <filename>/var/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry> | |
707 | </row> | |
2df36d09 ZJS |
708 | <row> |
709 | <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry> | |
5a8575ef | 710 | <entry>Escaped <literal>%</literal></entry> |
2df36d09 ZJS |
711 | <entry>Single percent sign.</entry> |
712 | </row> | |
713 | </tbody> | |
714 | </tgroup> | |
715 | </table> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
716 | </refsect1> |
717 | ||
718 | <refsect1> | |
4b743d67 | 719 | <title>Examples</title> |
302fbdf2 | 720 | <example> |
4b743d67 ZJS |
721 | <title>Create directories with specific mode and ownership</title> |
722 | <para> | |
0a07667d | 723 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
4b743d67 ZJS |
724 | needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership:</para> |
725 | ||
726 | <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf | |
727 | d /run/screens 1777 root screen 10d | |
728 | d /run/uscreens 0755 root screen 10d12h | |
729 | </programlisting> | |
730 | ||
731 | <para>Contents of <filename>/run/screens</filename> and /run/uscreens will | |
1655cdee | 732 | be cleaned up after 10 and 10½ days, respectively.</para> |
4b743d67 | 733 | </example> |
302fbdf2 | 734 | |
4b743d67 ZJS |
735 | <example> |
736 | <title>Create a directory with a SMACK attribute</title> | |
737 | <programlisting>D /run/cups - - - - | |
738 | t /run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing user.attr-with-spaces="foo bar" | |
739 | </programlisting> | |
740 | ||
b17649ee | 741 | <para>The directory will be owned by root and have default mode. Its contents are |
4b743d67 ZJS |
742 | not subject to time based cleanup, but will be obliterated when |
743 | <command>systemd-tmpfiles --remove</command> runs.</para> | |
302fbdf2 | 744 | </example> |
4b743d67 | 745 | |
302fbdf2 | 746 | <example> |
4b743d67 ZJS |
747 | <title>Create a directory and prevent its contents from cleanup</title> |
748 | <para> | |
0a07667d | 749 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>abrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
4b743d67 ZJS |
750 | needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content |
751 | should be preserved from the automatic cleanup applied to the contents of | |
752 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename>:</para> | |
753 | ||
754 | <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf | |
755 | d /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d | |
756 | </programlisting> | |
757 | ||
758 | <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf | |
759 | d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt - | |
df8dee85 ZJS |
760 | </programlisting> |
761 | </example> | |
762 | ||
763 | <example> | |
764 | <title>Apply clean up during boot and based on time</title> | |
765 | ||
766 | <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/dnf.conf | |
767 | r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/download_lock.pid | |
768 | r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/metadata_lock.pid | |
769 | r! /var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid | |
e80f1a79 | 770 | e /var/cache/dnf/ - - - 30d |
4b743d67 | 771 | </programlisting> |
302fbdf2 | 772 | |
df8dee85 | 773 | <para>The lock files will be removed during boot. Any files and directories in |
e80f1a79 | 774 | <filename>/var/cache/dnf/</filename> will be removed after they have not been |
df8dee85 | 775 | accessed in 30 days.</para> |
302fbdf2 | 776 | </example> |
ed7fd549 ZJS |
777 | |
778 | <example> | |
b719b26c | 779 | <title>Empty the contents of a cache directory on boot</title> |
ed7fd549 ZJS |
780 | |
781 | <programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/krb5rcache.conf | |
782 | e! /var/cache/krb5rcache - - - 0 | |
783 | </programlisting> | |
784 | ||
785 | <para>Any files and subdirectories in <filename>/var/cache/krb5rcache/</filename> | |
786 | will be removed on boot. The directory will not be created. | |
787 | </para> | |
788 | </example> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
789 | </refsect1> |
790 | ||
6a89d671 ZJS |
791 | <refsect1> |
792 | <title><filename>/run/</filename> and <filename>/var/run/</filename></title> | |
793 | <para><filename>/var/run/</filename> is a deprecated symlink to <filename>/run/</filename>, and | |
794 | applications should use the latter. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will warn if | |
795 | <filename>/var/run/</filename> is used.</para> | |
796 | </refsect1> | |
797 | ||
302fbdf2 ZJS |
798 | <refsect1> |
799 | <title>See Also</title> | |
800 | <para> | |
801 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
802 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
803 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
f8eeeaf9 ZJS |
804 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
805 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
806 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
807 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
808 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
fa3f5fd2 | 809 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
5fb13eb5 LP |
810 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
811 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-subvolume</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
812 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
302fbdf2 ZJS |
813 | </para> |
814 | </refsect1> | |
4149f86d BP |
815 | |
816 | </refentry> |