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9e1f0a85 | 1 | git(1) |
2cf565c5 | 2 | ====== |
2cf565c5 DG |
3 | |
4 | NAME | |
5 | ---- | |
6 | git - the stupid content tracker | |
7 | ||
8 | ||
9 | SYNOPSIS | |
10 | -------- | |
8b70004b | 11 | [verse] |
463a849d MM |
12 | 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] |
13 | [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] | |
892c41b9 ML |
14 | [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE] |
15 | [--help] COMMAND [ARGS] | |
2cf565c5 DG |
16 | |
17 | DESCRIPTION | |
18 | ----------- | |
23091e95 BF |
19 | Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an |
20 | unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations | |
21 | and full access to internals. | |
22 | ||
6998e4db | 23 | See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see |
23091e95 BF |
24 | link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and |
25 | "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may | |
6998e4db JN |
26 | also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See |
27 | the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth | |
a1dc34fa | 28 | introduction. |
cb22bc44 | 29 | |
4514ad4f | 30 | The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias |
5162e697 | 31 | as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]). |
4514ad4f | 32 | |
34b604af JA |
33 | Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git |
34 | documentation can be viewed at | |
35 | `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`. | |
36 | ||
26cfcfbf JH |
37 | ifdef::stalenotes[] |
38 | [NOTE] | |
39 | ============ | |
26cfcfbf | 40 | |
2ff3f61a JH |
41 | You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly |
42 | unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' | |
43 | branch of the `git.git` repository. | |
44 | Documentation for older releases are available here: | |
43a8e4fe | 45 | |
78e31186 | 46 | * link:v1.5.6.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.2] |
e449f105 JH |
47 | |
48 | * release notes for | |
78e31186 | 49 | link:RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2]. |
e636106c JH |
50 | link:RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1]. |
51 | link:RelNotes-1.5.6.txt[1.5.6]. | |
e449f105 | 52 | |
e636106c | 53 | * link:v1.5.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.4] |
1d2375dd JH |
54 | |
55 | * release notes for | |
7064ca51 | 56 | link:RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4], |
28bc3022 | 57 | link:RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3], |
2d3922dc | 58 | link:RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2], |
66aaa2fc | 59 | link:RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1], |
1d2375dd JH |
60 | link:RelNotes-1.5.5.txt[1.5.5]. |
61 | ||
803d5158 | 62 | * link:v1.5.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.5] |
6ce8e44a JH |
63 | |
64 | * release notes for | |
803d5158 | 65 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5], |
ad416ed4 | 66 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4], |
923d44ae | 67 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3], |
cf5c51ef | 68 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2], |
ecb879f8 | 69 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1], |
6ce8e44a JH |
70 | link:RelNotes-1.5.4.txt[1.5.4]. |
71 | ||
e708af6e | 72 | * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8] |
5587cac2 JH |
73 | |
74 | * release notes for | |
e708af6e | 75 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8], |
b52e985a | 76 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7], |
4a44b9ea | 77 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6], |
afc05f9f | 78 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5], |
58ba4f6a | 79 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4], |
326df26d | 80 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3], |
077d6f72 | 81 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2], |
8d863c98 JH |
82 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1], |
83 | link:RelNotes-1.5.3.txt[1.5.3]. | |
b6e4db6a | 84 | |
e636106c JH |
85 | * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5] |
86 | ||
aba170cd | 87 | * release notes for |
da899deb | 88 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5], |
baafd6e7 | 89 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4], |
444649e5 | 90 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3], |
3e48af38 JH |
91 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2], |
92 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1], | |
aba170cd JH |
93 | link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2]. |
94 | ||
95 | * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6] | |
96 | ||
97 | * release notes for | |
98 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6], | |
99 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5], | |
2ff3f61a JH |
100 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4], |
101 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3], | |
102 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2], | |
103 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1], | |
104 | link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1]. | |
105 | ||
106 | * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7] | |
107 | ||
aba170cd JH |
108 | * release notes for |
109 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7], | |
2ff3f61a JH |
110 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6], |
111 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5], | |
112 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], | |
113 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], | |
114 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], | |
115 | link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. | |
116 | ||
117 | * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4], | |
118 | link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3], | |
119 | link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6], | |
120 | link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13]. | |
26cfcfbf JH |
121 | |
122 | ============ | |
123 | ||
124 | endif::stalenotes[] | |
125 | ||
cb22bc44 AE |
126 | OPTIONS |
127 | ------- | |
128 | --version:: | |
a87cd02c | 129 | Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from. |
cb22bc44 AE |
130 | |
131 | --help:: | |
a87cd02c | 132 | Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used |
0f6f195b CC |
133 | commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all |
134 | available commands are printed. If a git command is named this | |
135 | option will bring up the manual page for that command. | |
45533d26 CC |
136 | + |
137 | Other options are available to control how the manual page is | |
5162e697 | 138 | displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information, |
45533d26 CC |
139 | because 'git --help ...' is converted internally into 'git |
140 | help ...'. | |
cb22bc44 AE |
141 | |
142 | --exec-path:: | |
a87cd02c | 143 | Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. |
cb22bc44 | 144 | This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH |
56992f76 | 145 | environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print |
cb22bc44 AE |
146 | the current setting and then exit. |
147 | ||
3240240f SB |
148 | -p:: |
149 | --paginate:: | |
6acbcb92 JS |
150 | Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER). |
151 | ||
463a849d MM |
152 | --no-pager:: |
153 | Do not pipe git output into a pager. | |
154 | ||
6acbcb92 JS |
155 | --git-dir=<path>:: |
156 | Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by | |
302cc11a LY |
157 | setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute |
158 | path or relative path to current working directory. | |
6acbcb92 | 159 | |
892c41b9 ML |
160 | --work-tree=<path>:: |
161 | Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be | |
162 | used in combination with repositories found automatically in | |
163 | a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). | |
164 | This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE | |
165 | environment variable and the core.worktree configuration | |
302cc11a LY |
166 | variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to |
167 | the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR. | |
168 | Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of | |
169 | --work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified, | |
170 | the current working directory is regarded as the top directory | |
171 | of your working tree. | |
892c41b9 | 172 | |
6acbcb92 | 173 | --bare:: |
9277d602 JH |
174 | Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR |
175 | environment is not set, it is set to the current working | |
176 | directory. | |
177 | ||
9755afbd | 178 | |
23091e95 BF |
179 | FURTHER DOCUMENTATION |
180 | --------------------- | |
9755afbd | 181 | |
23091e95 BF |
182 | See the references above to get started using git. The following is |
183 | probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user. | |
8db9307c | 184 | |
40dac517 | 185 | The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the |
6998e4db | 186 | user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide |
40dac517 | 187 | introductions to the underlying git architecture. |
e6fc2346 | 188 | |
23091e95 BF |
189 | See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful |
190 | examples. | |
9755afbd | 191 | |
6998e4db JN |
192 | The internals are documented in the |
193 | link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation]. | |
530e741c | 194 | |
23091e95 BF |
195 | GIT COMMANDS |
196 | ------------ | |
9755afbd | 197 | |
23091e95 BF |
198 | We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level |
199 | ("plumbing") commands. | |
8b15e2fb | 200 | |
23091e95 BF |
201 | High-level commands (porcelain) |
202 | ------------------------------- | |
203 | ||
204 | We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some | |
205 | ancillary user utilities. | |
206 | ||
207 | Main porcelain commands | |
208 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
905197de | 209 | |
377e8139 | 210 | include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[] |
e31bb3bb | 211 | |
90933efb | 212 | Ancillary Commands |
23091e95 | 213 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
2f2de9b4 JH |
214 | Manipulators: |
215 | ||
377e8139 | 216 | include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[] |
204ee6a9 | 217 | |
90933efb | 218 | Interrogators: |
204ee6a9 | 219 | |
377e8139 | 220 | include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[] |
7fc9d69f | 221 | |
89bf2077 JH |
222 | |
223 | Interacting with Others | |
224 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
225 | ||
226 | These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other | |
227 | people via patch over e-mail. | |
228 | ||
229 | include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[] | |
230 | ||
231 | ||
b1f33d62 RR |
232 | Low-level commands (plumbing) |
233 | ----------------------------- | |
234 | ||
235 | Although git includes its | |
236 | own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support | |
237 | development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains | |
5162e697 DM |
238 | might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and |
239 | linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. | |
b1f33d62 | 240 | |
89bf2077 JH |
241 | The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics) |
242 | to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable | |
243 | than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are | |
244 | primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands | |
245 | on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the | |
246 | end user experience. | |
247 | ||
248 | The following description divides | |
249 | the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in | |
b1f33d62 RR |
250 | the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and |
251 | compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between | |
252 | repositories. | |
253 | ||
89bf2077 | 254 | |
b1f33d62 RR |
255 | Manipulation commands |
256 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
b1f33d62 | 257 | |
377e8139 | 258 | include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[] |
b1f33d62 RR |
259 | |
260 | ||
261 | Interrogation commands | |
262 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
263 | ||
377e8139 | 264 | include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[] |
b1f33d62 RR |
265 | |
266 | In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in | |
267 | the working tree. | |
268 | ||
269 | ||
270 | Synching repositories | |
271 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
272 | ||
377e8139 | 273 | include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[] |
b1f33d62 | 274 | |
89bf2077 JH |
275 | The following are helper programs used by the above; end users |
276 | typically do not use them directly. | |
277 | ||
278 | include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[] | |
279 | ||
280 | ||
281 | Internal helper commands | |
282 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
283 | ||
284 | These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end | |
285 | users typically do not use them directly. | |
286 | ||
287 | include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[] | |
288 | ||
b1f33d62 | 289 | |
5773c9f2 JH |
290 | Configuration Mechanism |
291 | ----------------------- | |
292 | ||
2fa090b6 | 293 | Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file |
5773c9f2 | 294 | is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a |
addf88e4 | 295 | simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some |
5773c9f2 JH |
296 | people. Here is an example: |
297 | ||
298 | ------------ | |
299 | # | |
2fa090b6 | 300 | # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment. |
5773c9f2 JH |
301 | # |
302 | ||
303 | ; core variables | |
304 | [core] | |
305 | ; Don't trust file modes | |
306 | filemode = false | |
307 | ||
308 | ; user identity | |
309 | [user] | |
310 | name = "Junio C Hamano" | |
311 | email = "junkio@twinsun.com" | |
312 | ||
313 | ------------ | |
314 | ||
315 | Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust | |
316 | their operation accordingly. | |
317 | ||
318 | ||
6c84e2e0 | 319 | Identifier Terminology |
2cf565c5 DG |
320 | ---------------------- |
321 | <object>:: | |
2fa090b6 | 322 | Indicates the object name for any type of object. |
2cf565c5 DG |
323 | |
324 | <blob>:: | |
2fa090b6 | 325 | Indicates a blob object name. |
2cf565c5 DG |
326 | |
327 | <tree>:: | |
2fa090b6 | 328 | Indicates a tree object name. |
2cf565c5 DG |
329 | |
330 | <commit>:: | |
2fa090b6 | 331 | Indicates a commit object name. |
2cf565c5 DG |
332 | |
333 | <tree-ish>:: | |
2fa090b6 | 334 | Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A |
6c84e2e0 DG |
335 | command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to |
336 | operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences | |
337 | <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. | |
2cf565c5 | 338 | |
043d7605 TT |
339 | <commit-ish>:: |
340 | Indicates a commit or tag object name. A | |
341 | command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to | |
342 | operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences | |
343 | <tag> objects that point at a <commit>. | |
344 | ||
2cf565c5 DG |
345 | <type>:: |
346 | Indicates that an object type is required. | |
2fa090b6 | 347 | Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`. |
2cf565c5 DG |
348 | |
349 | <file>:: | |
2fa090b6 JH |
350 | Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the |
351 | root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes. | |
2cf565c5 | 352 | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
353 | Symbolic Identifiers |
354 | -------------------- | |
90933efb | 355 | Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following |
6c84e2e0 | 356 | symbolic notation: |
c1bdacf9 DG |
357 | |
358 | HEAD:: | |
2fa090b6 JH |
359 | indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the |
360 | contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`). | |
361 | ||
c1bdacf9 | 362 | <tag>:: |
2fa090b6 JH |
363 | a valid tag 'name' |
364 | (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`). | |
365 | ||
c1bdacf9 | 366 | <head>:: |
2fa090b6 JH |
367 | a valid head 'name' |
368 | (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`). | |
369 | ||
d47107d8 | 370 | For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see |
5162e697 | 371 | "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. |
d47107d8 | 372 | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
373 | |
374 | File/Directory Structure | |
375 | ------------------------ | |
c1bdacf9 | 376 | |
6998e4db | 377 | Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document. |
c1bdacf9 | 378 | |
6998e4db | 379 | Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook. |
6250ad1e | 380 | |
c1bdacf9 | 381 | Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the |
2fa090b6 | 382 | `$GIT_DIR`. |
c1bdacf9 | 383 | |
a1d4aa74 | 384 | |
2cf565c5 DG |
385 | Terminology |
386 | ----------- | |
6998e4db | 387 | Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7]. |
2cf565c5 DG |
388 | |
389 | ||
390 | Environment Variables | |
391 | --------------------- | |
392 | Various git commands use the following environment variables: | |
393 | ||
c1bdacf9 DG |
394 | The git Repository |
395 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
396 | These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it | |
397 | is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above | |
2fa090b6 | 398 | git so take care if using Cogito etc. |
c1bdacf9 DG |
399 | |
400 | 'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: | |
401 | This environment allows the specification of an alternate | |
5f3aa197 LS |
402 | index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` |
403 | is used. | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
404 | |
405 | 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: | |
406 | If the object storage directory is specified via this | |
407 | environment variable then the sha1 directories are created | |
408 | underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` | |
409 | directory is used. | |
410 | ||
411 | 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: | |
412 | Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be | |
413 | archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable | |
80ba074f JS |
414 | specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list |
415 | of git object directories which can be used to search for git | |
416 | objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. | |
c1bdacf9 DG |
417 | |
418 | 'GIT_DIR':: | |
2fa090b6 JH |
419 | If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it |
420 | specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` | |
421 | for the base of the repository. | |
c1bdacf9 | 422 | |
892c41b9 ML |
423 | 'GIT_WORK_TREE':: |
424 | Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be | |
425 | used in combination with repositories found automatically in | |
426 | a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). | |
427 | This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line | |
428 | option and the core.worktree configuration variable. | |
429 | ||
c1bdacf9 DG |
430 | git Commits |
431 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
432 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: | |
433 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: | |
434 | 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE':: | |
435 | 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME':: | |
436 | 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL':: | |
4e58bf97 | 437 | 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE':: |
28a94f88 | 438 | 'EMAIL':: |
5162e697 | 439 | see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] |
c1bdacf9 DG |
440 | |
441 | git Diffs | |
442 | ~~~~~~~~~ | |
d81ed1b5 | 443 | 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: |
fde97d8a SE |
444 | Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the |
445 | number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. | |
446 | This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option | |
447 | value passed on the git diff command line. | |
448 | ||
d81ed1b5 | 449 | 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: |
fde97d8a SE |
450 | When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the |
451 | program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation | |
452 | described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified, | |
453 | 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters: | |
454 | ||
455 | path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode | |
456 | + | |
457 | where: | |
458 | ||
459 | <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the | |
460 | contents of <old|new>, | |
461 | <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes, | |
462 | <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes. | |
463 | ||
464 | + | |
465 | The file parameters can point at the user's working file | |
466 | (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file` | |
467 | when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the | |
468 | index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the | |
469 | temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits. | |
470 | + | |
471 | For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1 | |
472 | parameter, <path>. | |
2cf565c5 | 473 | |
575ba9d6 ML |
474 | other |
475 | ~~~~~ | |
dbddb714 JN |
476 | 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY':: |
477 | A number controlling the amount of output shown by | |
478 | the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity. | |
5162e697 | 479 | See linkgit:git-merge[1] |
dbddb714 | 480 | |
c27d205a | 481 | 'GIT_PAGER':: |
a7738c77 SG |
482 | This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set |
483 | to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch | |
484 | a pager. | |
c27d205a | 485 | |
d5538b41 | 486 | 'GIT_SSH':: |
ba020ef5 JN |
487 | If this environment variable is set then 'git-fetch' |
488 | and 'git-push' will use this command instead | |
d5538b41 | 489 | of `ssh` when they need to connect to a remote system. |
483bc4f0 | 490 | The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments: |
d5538b41 SP |
491 | the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the |
492 | shell command to execute on that remote system. | |
493 | + | |
494 | To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH | |
495 | you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script, | |
496 | then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script. | |
497 | + | |
498 | Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your | |
499 | personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation | |
500 | for further details. | |
501 | ||
06f59e9f TT |
502 | 'GIT_FLUSH':: |
503 | If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such | |
ba020ef5 JN |
504 | as 'git-blame' (in incremental mode), 'git-rev-list', 'git-log', |
505 | and 'git-whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream | |
06f59e9f TT |
506 | after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this |
507 | variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done | |
508 | using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is | |
509 | not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing | |
510 | based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not. | |
511 | ||
575ba9d6 | 512 | 'GIT_TRACE':: |
2886bdb1 CC |
513 | If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison |
514 | is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on | |
575ba9d6 ML |
515 | stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command |
516 | execution and external command execution. | |
2886bdb1 CC |
517 | If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1 |
518 | and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this | |
519 | value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the | |
520 | trace messages into this file descriptor. | |
521 | Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path | |
522 | (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this | |
523 | as a file path and will try to write the trace messages | |
524 | into it. | |
575ba9d6 | 525 | |
8db9307c JH |
526 | Discussion[[Discussion]] |
527 | ------------------------ | |
40dac517 BF |
528 | |
529 | More detail on the following is available from the | |
530 | link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the | |
6998e4db | 531 | user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7]. |
40dac517 BF |
532 | |
533 | A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" | |
534 | subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other | |
535 | things, a compressed object database representing the complete history | |
536 | of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current | |
537 | contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such | |
538 | as tags and branch heads. | |
539 | ||
540 | The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which | |
541 | hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up | |
02ff6250 | 542 | directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree |
40dac517 BF |
543 | and some number of parent commits. |
544 | ||
545 | The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or | |
546 | "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent | |
547 | represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one | |
548 | parent represent merges of independent lines of development. | |
549 | ||
550 | All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally | |
551 | written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique. | |
552 | The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing | |
553 | just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this | |
554 | purpose. | |
555 | ||
556 | When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for | |
557 | efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files". | |
558 | ||
559 | Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref | |
560 | may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs | |
561 | with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most | |
02ff6250 | 562 | recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of |
40dac517 BF |
563 | tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named |
564 | `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch. | |
565 | ||
566 | The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each | |
567 | path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents | |
568 | the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The | |
569 | attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the | |
570 | corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the | |
571 | working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may | |
572 | be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the | |
573 | content stored in the index. | |
574 | ||
575 | The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages") | |
576 | for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various | |
577 | unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress. | |
6c84e2e0 | 578 | |
cb22bc44 AE |
579 | Authors |
580 | ------- | |
9755afbd | 581 | * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>. |
947ad2e1 | 582 | * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>. |
0240e21a | 583 | * The git potty was written by Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>. |
9755afbd | 584 | * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
2cf565c5 DG |
585 | |
586 | Documentation | |
587 | -------------- | |
9755afbd JH |
588 | The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves |
589 | <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the | |
590 | contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. | |
2cf565c5 | 591 | |
497c8331 CC |
592 | SEE ALSO |
593 | -------- | |
594 | linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7], | |
595 | linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], | |
596 | linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7], | |
dc493084 | 597 | linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] |
497c8331 | 598 | |
2cf565c5 DG |
599 | GIT |
600 | --- | |
9e1f0a85 | 601 | Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |