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da139813 | 1 | object:: |
72e9340c | 2 | The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by |
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3 | the SHA1 of its contents. Consequently, an object can not |
4 | be changed. | |
5 | ||
f1671ecb JS |
6 | object name:: |
7 | The unique identifier of an object. The hash of the object's contents | |
8 | using the Secure Hash Algorithm 1 and usually represented by the 40 | |
9 | character hexadecimal encoding of the hash of the object (possibly | |
10 | followed by a white space). | |
11 | ||
da139813 | 12 | SHA1:: |
f1671ecb JS |
13 | Synonym for object name. |
14 | ||
15 | object identifier:: | |
16 | Synonym for object name. | |
17 | ||
18 | hash:: | |
19 | In git's context, synonym to object name. | |
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20 | |
21 | object database:: | |
22 | Stores a set of "objects", and an individial object is identified | |
f1671ecb | 23 | by its object name. The object usually live in $GIT_DIR/objects/. |
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24 | |
25 | blob object:: | |
f1671ecb | 26 | Untyped object, e.g. the contents of a file. |
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27 | |
28 | tree object:: | |
2f5703c3 | 29 | An object containing a list of file names and modes along with refs |
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30 | to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A tree is equivalent |
31 | to a directory. | |
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32 | |
33 | tree:: | |
34 | Either a working tree, or a tree object together with the | |
35 | dependent blob and tree objects (i.e. a stored representation | |
36 | of a working tree). | |
37 | ||
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38 | DAG:: |
39 | Directed acyclic graph. The commit objects form a directed acyclic | |
40 | graph, because they have parents (directed), and the graph of commit | |
41 | objects is acyclic (there is no chain which begins and ends with the | |
42 | same object). | |
43 | ||
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44 | index:: |
45 | A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are | |
5f3aa197 | 46 | stored as objects. The index is a stored version of your working |
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47 | tree. Truth be told, it can also contain a second, and even a third |
48 | version of a working tree, which are used when merging. | |
da139813 | 49 | |
f1671ecb | 50 | index entry:: |
da139813 | 51 | The information regarding a particular file, stored in the index. |
f1671ecb | 52 | An index entry can be unmerged, if a merge was started, but not |
5f3aa197 | 53 | yet finished (i.e. if the index contains multiple versions of |
da139813 JS |
54 | that file). |
55 | ||
f1671ecb JS |
56 | unmerged index: |
57 | An index which contains unmerged index entries. | |
58 | ||
59 | cache:: | |
60 | Obsolete for: index. | |
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61 | |
62 | working tree:: | |
f1671ecb JS |
63 | The set of files and directories currently being worked on, |
64 | i.e. you can work in your working tree without using git at all. | |
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65 | |
66 | directory:: | |
67 | The list you get with "ls" :-) | |
68 | ||
da139813 JS |
69 | revision:: |
70 | A particular state of files and directories which was stored in | |
71 | the object database. It is referenced by a commit object. | |
72 | ||
f1671ecb JS |
73 | checkout:: |
74 | The action of updating the working tree to a revision which was | |
75 | stored in the object database. | |
76 | ||
da139813 | 77 | commit:: |
5f3aa197 | 78 | As a verb: The action of storing the current state of the index in the |
da139813 | 79 | object database. The result is a revision. |
f1671ecb | 80 | As a noun: Short hand for commit object. |
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81 | |
82 | commit object:: | |
83 | An object which contains the information about a particular | |
84 | revision, such as parents, committer, author, date and the | |
85 | tree object which corresponds to the top directory of the | |
86 | stored revision. | |
87 | ||
f1671ecb JS |
88 | parent:: |
89 | A commit object contains a (possibly empty) list of the logical | |
90 | predecessor(s) in the line of development, i.e. its parents. | |
91 | ||
da139813 JS |
92 | changeset:: |
93 | BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "commit". Since git does not store | |
94 | changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use | |
95 | the term "changesets" with git. | |
96 | ||
da139813 JS |
97 | clean:: |
98 | A working tree is clean, if it corresponds to the revision | |
99 | referenced by the current head. | |
100 | ||
101 | dirty:: | |
102 | A working tree is said to be dirty if it contains modifications | |
103 | which have not been committed to the current branch. | |
104 | ||
105 | head:: | |
106 | The top of a branch. It contains a ref to the corresponding | |
107 | commit object. | |
108 | ||
109 | branch:: | |
110 | A non-cyclical graph of revisions, i.e. the complete history of | |
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111 | a particular revision, which is called the branch head. The |
112 | branch heads are stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/. | |
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113 | |
114 | ref:: | |
115 | A 40-byte hex representation of a SHA1 pointing to a particular | |
f1671ecb | 116 | object. These may be stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/. |
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117 | |
118 | head ref:: | |
119 | A ref pointing to a head. Often, this is abbreviated to "head". | |
120 | Head refs are stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/. | |
121 | ||
122 | tree-ish:: | |
123 | A ref pointing to either a commit object, a tree object, or a | |
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124 | tag object pointing to a tag or commit or tree object. |
125 | ||
126 | ent:: | |
2f5703c3 JS |
127 | Favorite synonym to "tree-ish" by some total geeks. See |
128 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth) for an in-depth | |
129 | explanation. | |
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130 | |
131 | tag object:: | |
2f5703c3 JS |
132 | An object containing a ref pointing to another object, which can |
133 | contain a message just like a commit object. It can also | |
134 | contain a (PGP) signature, in which case it is called a "signed | |
da139813 JS |
135 | tag object". |
136 | ||
137 | tag:: | |
138 | A ref pointing to a tag or commit object. In contrast to a head, | |
139 | a tag is not changed by a commit. Tags (not tag objects) are | |
140 | stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/tags/. A git tag has nothing to do with | |
141 | a Lisp tag (which is called object type in git's context). | |
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142 | A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the |
143 | commit ancestry chain. | |
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144 | |
145 | merge:: | |
146 | To merge branches means to try to accumulate the changes since a | |
147 | common ancestor and apply them to the first branch. An automatic | |
148 | merge uses heuristics to accomplish that. Evidently, an automatic | |
149 | merge can fail. | |
150 | ||
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151 | octopus:: |
152 | To merge more than two branches. Also denotes an intelligent | |
153 | predator. | |
154 | ||
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155 | resolve:: |
156 | The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic merge | |
157 | left behind. | |
158 | ||
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159 | rewind:: |
160 | To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the head to | |
161 | an earlier revision. | |
162 | ||
163 | rebase:: | |
164 | To clean a branch by starting from the head of the main line of | |
165 | development ("master"), and reapply the (possibly cherry-picked) | |
166 | changes from that branch. | |
167 | ||
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168 | repository:: |
169 | A collection of refs together with an object database containing | |
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170 | all objects, which are reachable from the refs, possibly accompanied |
171 | by meta data from one or more porcelains. A repository can | |
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172 | share an object database with other repositories. |
173 | ||
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174 | git archive:: |
175 | Synonym for repository (for arch people). | |
176 | ||
177 | file system:: | |
178 | Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file | |
179 | system, i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. | |
180 | That ensured the efficiency and speed of git. | |
181 | ||
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182 | alternate object database:: |
183 | Via the alternates mechanism, a repository can inherit part of its | |
184 | object database from another object database, which is called | |
185 | "alternate". | |
186 | ||
187 | reachable:: | |
188 | An object is reachable from a ref/commit/tree/tag, if there is a | |
189 | chain leading from the latter to the former. | |
190 | ||
191 | chain:: | |
192 | A list of objects, where each object in the list contains a | |
193 | reference to its successor (for example, the successor of a commit | |
194 | could be one of its parents). | |
195 | ||
da139813 JS |
196 | fetch:: |
197 | Fetching a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a | |
198 | remote repository, to find out which objects are missing from | |
199 | the local object database, and to get them, too. | |
200 | ||
201 | pull:: | |
202 | Pulling a branch means to fetch it and merge it. | |
203 | ||
204 | push:: | |
205 | Pushing a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a remote | |
206 | repository, find out if it is an ancestor to the branch's local | |
207 | head ref is a direct, and in that case, putting all objects, which | |
208 | are reachable from the local head ref, and which are missing from | |
209 | the remote repository, into the remote object database, and updating | |
210 | the remote head ref. If the remote head is not an ancestor to the | |
211 | local head, the push fails. | |
212 | ||
213 | pack:: | |
214 | A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save | |
215 | space or to transmit them efficiently). | |
216 | ||
217 | pack index:: | |
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218 | The list of identifiers, and other information, of the objects in a |
219 | pack, to assist in efficiently accessing the contents of a pack. | |
da139813 | 220 | |
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221 | core git:: |
222 | Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only | |
223 | limited source code management tools. | |
224 | ||
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225 | plumbing:: |
226 | Cute name for core git. | |
227 | ||
228 | porcelain:: | |
229 | Cute name for programs and program suites depending on core git, | |
230 | presenting a high level access to core git. Porcelains expose | |
231 | more of a SCM interface than the plumbing. | |
232 | ||
233 | object type: | |
234 | One of the identifiers "commit","tree","tag" and "blob" describing | |
235 | the type of an object. | |
236 | ||
237 | SCM:: | |
238 | Source code management (tool). | |
239 | ||
240 | dircache:: | |
241 | You are *waaaaay* behind. | |
f1671ecb | 242 |