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Commit | Line | Data |
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d657c51f | 1 | systemd System and Service Manager |
220a21d3 | 2 | |
d0f71749 | 3 | CHANGES WITH 241: |
b4ff3dbb ZJS |
4 | |
5 | * The default locale can now be configured at compile time. Otherwise, | |
6 | a suitable default will be selected automatically (one of C.UTF-8, | |
7 | en_US.UTF-8, and C). | |
8 | ||
9 | * The version string shown by systemd and other tools now includes the | |
10 | git commit hash when built from git. An override may be specified | |
11 | during compilation, which is intended to be used by distributions to | |
12 | include the package release information. | |
13 | ||
14 | * systemd-cat can now filter standard input and standard error streams | |
15 | for different syslog priorities using the new --stderr-priority= | |
16 | option. | |
17 | ||
18 | * systemd-journald and systemd-journal-remote reject entries which | |
19 | contain too many fields (CVE-2018-16865) and set limits on the | |
20 | process' command line length (CVE-2018-16864). | |
21 | ||
22 | * $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable is set by pam_systemd | |
23 | again. | |
24 | ||
08e1fe42 ZJS |
25 | * A new network device NamePolicy "keep" is implemented for link files, |
26 | and used by default in 99-default.link (the fallback configuration | |
27 | provided by systemd). With this policy, if the network device name | |
28 | was already set by userspace, the device will not be renamed again. | |
29 | This matches the naming scheme that was implemented before | |
30 | systemd-240. If naming-scheme < 240 is specified, the "keep" policy | |
31 | is also enabled by default, even if not specified. Effectively, this | |
32 | means that if naming-scheme >= 240 is specified, network devices will | |
33 | be renamed according to the configuration, even if they have been | |
34 | renamed already, if "keep" is not specified as the naming policy in | |
35 | the .link file. The 99-default.link file provided by systemd includes | |
36 | "keep" for backwards compatibility, but it is recommended for user | |
37 | installed .link files to *not* include it. | |
38 | ||
39 | The "kernel" policy, which keeps kernel names declared to be | |
40 | "persistent", now works again as documented. | |
41 | ||
ba7a6b8c LP |
42 | * kernel-install script now optionally takes the paths to one or more |
43 | initrd files, and passes them to all plugins. | |
bd36ef0a | 44 | |
57c03b1e LP |
45 | * The mincore() system call has been dropped from the @system-service |
46 | system call filter group, as it is pretty exotic and may potentially | |
47 | used for side-channel attacks. | |
48 | ||
774d6375 ZJS |
49 | * -fPIE is dropped from compiler and linker options. Please specify |
50 | -Db_pie=true option to meson to build position-independent | |
bd36ef0a YW |
51 | executables. Note that the meson option is supported since meson-0.49. |
52 | ||
27325875 LW |
53 | * The fs.protected_regular and fs.protected_fifos sysctls, which were |
54 | added in Linux 4.19 to make some data spoofing attacks harder, are | |
55 | now enabled by default. While this will hopefully improve the | |
56 | security of most installations, it is technically a backwards | |
57 | incompatible change; to disable these sysctls again, place the | |
58 | following lines in /etc/sysctl.d/60-protected.conf or a similar file: | |
59 | ||
60 | fs.protected_regular = 0 | |
61 | fs.protected_fifos = 0 | |
62 | ||
63 | Note that the similar hardlink and symlink protection has been | |
64 | enabled since v199, and may be disabled likewise. | |
65 | ||
a77f438b LT |
66 | * The files read from the EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now |
67 | parse backslashes inside quotes literally, matching the behaviour of | |
68 | POSIX shells. | |
69 | ||
ba7a6b8c LP |
70 | * udevadm trigger, udevadm control, udevadm settle and udevadm monitor |
71 | now automatically become NOPs when run in a chroot() environment. | |
72 | ||
73 | * The tmpfiles.d/ "C" line type will now copy directory trees not only | |
74 | when the destination is so far missing, but also if it already exists | |
75 | as a directory and is empty. This is useful to cater for systems | |
76 | where directory trees are put together from multiple separate mount | |
77 | points but otherwise empty. | |
78 | ||
79 | * A new function sd_bus_close_unref() (and the associated | |
80 | sd_bus_close_unrefp()) has been added to libsystemd, that combines | |
81 | sd_bus_close() and sd_bus_unref() in one. | |
82 | ||
83 | * udevadm control learnt a new option for --ping for testing whether a | |
84 | systemd-udevd instance is running and reacting. | |
85 | ||
ecebd1ec YW |
86 | * udevadm trigger learnt a new option for --wait-daemon for waiting |
87 | systemd-udevd daemon to be initialized. | |
88 | ||
d0f71749 LP |
89 | Contributions from: Aaron Plattner, Alberts Muktupāvels, Alex Mayer, |
90 | Ayman Bagabas, Beniamino Galvani, Burt P, Chris Down, Chris Lamb, Chris | |
91 | Morin, Christian Hesse, Claudius Ellsel, dana, Daniel Axtens, Daniele | |
92 | Medri, Dave Reisner, David Santamaría Rogado, Diego Canuhe, Dimitri | |
93 | John Ledkov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabrice Fontaine, Filipe | |
94 | Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal, govwin, Hans de Goede, | |
95 | James Hilliard, Jan Engelhardt, Jani Uusitalo, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
96 | Synacek, Jonathan McDowell, Jonathan Roemer, Jonathon Kowalski, Joost | |
97 | Heitbrink, Jörg Thalheim, Lance, Lennart Poettering, Louis Taylor, | |
98 | Lucas Werkmeister, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
99 | marvelousblack, Michael Biebl, Michael Sloan, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
100 | Auty, Mike Gilbert, Mikhail Kasimov, Neil Brown, Niklas Hambüchen, | |
101 | Patrick Williams, Paul Seyfert, Peter Hutterer, Philip Withnall, Roger | |
102 | James, Ronnie P. Thomas, Ryan Gonzalez, Sam Morris, Stephan Edel, | |
103 | Stephan Gerhold, Susant Sahani, Taro Yamada, Thomas Haller, Topi | |
104 | Miettinen, YiFei Zhu, YmrDtnJu, YunQiang Su, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
105 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, zsergeant77, Дамјан Георгиевски | |
106 | ||
36d28ebc | 107 | — Berlin, 2019-02-14 |
ba7a6b8c | 108 | |
32673162 | 109 | CHANGES WITH 240: |
fcb97512 | 110 | |
e68a35a7 ZJS |
111 | * NoNewPrivileges=yes has been set for all long-running services |
112 | implemented by systemd. Previously, this was problematic due to | |
113 | SELinux (as this would also prohibit the transition from PID1's label | |
114 | to the service's label). This restriction has since been lifted, but | |
115 | an SELinux policy update is required. | |
116 | (See e.g. https://github.com/fedora-selinux/selinux-policy/pull/234.) | |
117 | ||
aa2437e2 YW |
118 | * DynamicUser=yes is dropped from systemd-networkd.service, |
119 | systemd-resolved.service and systemd-timesyncd.service, which was | |
120 | enabled in v239 for systemd-networkd.service and systemd-resolved.service, | |
121 | and since v236 for systemd-timesyncd.service. The users and groups | |
122 | systemd-network, systemd-resolve and systemd-timesync are created | |
123 | by systemd-sysusers again. Distributors or system administrators | |
124 | may need to create these users and groups if they not exist (or need | |
125 | to re-enable DynamicUser= for those units) while upgrading systemd. | |
787a133f YW |
126 | Also, the clock file for systemd-timesyncd may need to move from |
127 | /var/lib/private/systemd/timesync/clock to /var/lib/systemd/timesync/clock. | |
aa2437e2 | 128 | |
b1a082cd ZJS |
129 | * When unit files are loaded from disk, previously systemd would |
130 | sometimes (depending on the unit loading order) load units from the | |
131 | target path of symlinks in .wants/ or .requires/ directories of other | |
132 | units. This meant that unit could be loaded from different paths | |
133 | depending on whether the unit was requested explicitly or as a | |
134 | dependency of another unit, not honouring the priority of directories | |
135 | in search path. It also meant that it was possible to successfully | |
136 | load and start units which are not found in the unit search path, as | |
137 | long as they were requested as a dependency and linked to from | |
138 | .wants/ or .requires/. The target paths of those symlinks are not | |
139 | used for loading units anymore and the unit file must be found in | |
140 | the search path. | |
141 | ||
fcb97512 | 142 | * A new service type has been added: Type=exec. It's very similar to |
421e3b45 | 143 | Type=simple but ensures the service manager will wait for both fork() |
fcb97512 LP |
144 | and execve() of the main service binary to complete before proceeding |
145 | with follow-up units. This is primarily useful so that the manager | |
146 | propagates any errors in the preparation phase of service execution | |
147 | back to the job that requested the unit to be started. For example, | |
148 | consider a service that has ExecStart= set to a file system binary | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
149 | that doesn't exist. With Type=simple starting the unit would be |
150 | considered instantly successful, as only fork() has to complete | |
151 | successfully and the manager does not wait for execve(), and hence | |
152 | its failure is seen "too late". With the new Type=exec service type | |
153 | starting the unit will fail, as the manager will wait for the | |
154 | execve() and notice its failure, which is then propagated back to the | |
155 | start job. | |
fcb97512 LP |
156 | |
157 | NOTE: with the next release 241 of systemd we intend to change the | |
158 | systemd-run tool to default to Type=exec for transient services | |
159 | started by it. This should be mostly safe, but in specific corner | |
160 | cases might result in problems, as the systemd-run tool will then | |
6b1ab752 | 161 | block on NSS calls (such as user name look-ups due to User=) done |
fcb97512 LP |
162 | between the fork() and execve(), which under specific circumstances |
163 | might cause problems. It is recommended to specify "-p Type=simple" | |
164 | explicitly in the few cases where this applies. For regular, | |
165 | non-transient services (i.e. those defined with unit files on disk) | |
166 | we will continue to default to Type=simple. | |
167 | ||
0972c1ae LP |
168 | * The Linux kernel's current default RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit for |
169 | userspace processes is set to 1024 (soft) and 4096 | |
170 | (hard). Previously, systemd passed this on unmodified to all | |
171 | processes it forked off. With this systemd release the hard limit | |
0abf9492 | 172 | systemd passes on is increased to 512K, overriding the kernel's |
0972c1ae LP |
173 | defaults and substantially increasing the number of simultaneous file |
174 | descriptors unprivileged userspace processes can allocate. Note that | |
175 | the soft limit remains at 1024 for compatibility reasons: the | |
176 | traditional UNIX select() call cannot deal with file descriptors >= | |
177 | 1024 and increasing the soft limit globally might thus result in | |
178 | programs unexpectedly allocating a high file descriptor and thus | |
179 | failing abnormally when attempting to use it with select() (of | |
180 | course, programs shouldn't use select() anymore, and prefer | |
181 | poll()/epoll, but the call unfortunately remains undeservedly popular | |
182 | at this time). This change reflects the fact that file descriptor | |
183 | handling in the Linux kernel has been optimized in more recent | |
184 | kernels and allocating large numbers of them should be much cheaper | |
185 | both in memory and in performance than it used to be. Programs that | |
186 | want to take benefit of the increased limit have to "opt-in" into | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
187 | high file descriptors explicitly by raising their soft limit. Of |
188 | course, when they do that they must acknowledge that they cannot use | |
189 | select() anymore (and neither can any shared library they use — or | |
190 | any shared library used by any shared library they use and so on). | |
191 | Which default hard limit is most appropriate is of course hard to | |
192 | decide. However, given reports that ~300K file descriptors are used | |
193 | in real-life applications we believe 512K is sufficiently high as new | |
194 | default for now. Note that there are also reports that using very | |
195 | high hard limits (e.g. 1G) is problematic: some software allocates | |
196 | large arrays with one element for each potential file descriptor | |
197 | (Java, …) — a high hard limit thus triggers excessively large memory | |
198 | allocations in these applications. Hopefully, the new default of 512K | |
199 | is a good middle ground: higher than what real-life applications | |
200 | currently need, and low enough for avoid triggering excessively large | |
201 | allocations in problematic software. (And yes, somebody should fix | |
202 | Java.) | |
0972c1ae | 203 | |
a8b627aa LP |
204 | * The fs.nr_open and fs.file-max sysctls are now automatically bumped |
205 | to the highest possible values, as separate accounting of file | |
206 | descriptors is no longer necessary, as memcg tracks them correctly as | |
207 | part of the memory accounting anyway. Thus, from the four limits on | |
208 | file descriptors currently enforced (fs.file-max, fs.nr_open, | |
209 | RLIMIT_NOFILE hard, RLIMIT_NOFILE soft) we turn off the first two, | |
210 | and keep only the latter two. A set of build-time options | |
a579d42a | 211 | (-Dbump-proc-sys-fs-file-max=false and -Dbump-proc-sys-fs-nr-open=false) |
a8b627aa LP |
212 | has been added to revert this change in behaviour, which might be |
213 | an option for systems that turn off memcg in the kernel. | |
214 | ||
4f7dc24f LP |
215 | * When no /etc/locale.conf file exists (and hence no locale settings |
216 | are in place), systemd will now use the "C.UTF-8" locale by default, | |
217 | and set LANG= to it. This locale is supported by various | |
218 | distributions including Fedora, with clear indications that upstream | |
219 | glibc is going to make it available too. This locale enables UTF-8 | |
220 | mode by default, which appears appropriate for 2018. | |
221 | ||
230450d4 LR |
222 | * The "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" sysctl will now be set to 2 by |
223 | default. This effectively switches the RFC3704 Reverse Path filtering | |
224 | from Strict mode to Loose mode. This is more appropriate for hosts | |
225 | that have multiple links with routes to the same networks (e.g. | |
226 | a client with a Wi-Fi and Ethernet both connected to the internet). | |
227 | ||
6b1ab752 | 228 | Consult the kernel documentation for details on this sysctl: |
230450d4 LR |
229 | https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt |
230 | ||
23305a29 CD |
231 | * CPUAccounting=yes no longer enables the CPU controller when using |
232 | kernel 4.15+ and the unified cgroup hierarchy, as required accounting | |
233 | statistics are now provided independently from the CPU controller. | |
234 | ||
6b1ab752 | 235 | * Support for disabling a particular cgroup controller within a sub-tree |
a8467688 CD |
236 | has been added through the DisableControllers= directive. |
237 | ||
8f044cf9 CD |
238 | * cgroup_no_v1=all on the kernel command line now also implies |
239 | using the unified cgroup hierarchy, unless one explicitly passes | |
240 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0 on the kernel command line. | |
241 | ||
6b1ab752 LP |
242 | * The new "MemoryMin=" unit file property may now be used to set the |
243 | memory usage protection limit of processes invoked by the unit. This | |
4e1dfa45 | 244 | controls the cgroup v2 memory.min attribute. Similarly, the new |
6b1ab752 | 245 | "IODeviceLatencyTargetSec=" property has been added, wrapping the new |
4e1dfa45 | 246 | cgroup v2 io.latency cgroup property for configuring per-service I/O |
6b1ab752 LP |
247 | latency. |
248 | ||
4e1dfa45 CD |
249 | * systemd now supports the cgroup v2 devices BPF logic, as counterpart |
250 | to the cgroup v1 "devices" cgroup controller. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
251 | |
252 | * systemd-escape now is able to combine --unescape with --template. It | |
253 | also learnt a new option --instance for extracting and unescaping the | |
254 | instance part of a unit name. | |
255 | ||
256 | * sd-bus now provides the sd_bus_message_readv() which is similar to | |
257 | sd_bus_message_read() but takes a va_list object. The pair | |
258 | sd_bus_set_method_call_timeout() and sd_bus_get_method_call_timeout() | |
421e3b45 | 259 | has been added for configuring the default method call timeout to |
6b1ab752 LP |
260 | use. sd_bus_error_move() may be used to efficiently move the contents |
261 | from one sd_bus_error structure to another, invalidating the | |
262 | source. sd_bus_set_close_on_exit() and sd_bus_get_close_on_exit() may | |
263 | be used to control whether a bus connection object is automatically | |
264 | flushed when an sd-event loop is exited. | |
265 | ||
266 | * When processing classic BSD syslog log messages, journald will now | |
267 | save the original time-stamp string supplied in the new | |
268 | SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP= journal field. This permits consumers to | |
269 | reconstruct the original BSD syslog message more correctly. | |
270 | ||
271 | * StandardOutput=/StandardError= in service files gained support for | |
272 | new "append:…" parameters, for connecting STDOUT/STDERR of a service | |
273 | to a file, and appending to it. | |
274 | ||
275 | * The signal to use as last step of killing of unit processes is now | |
276 | configurable. Previously it was hard-coded to SIGKILL, which may now | |
277 | be overridden with the new KillSignal= setting. Note that this is the | |
46b028f2 | 278 | signal used when regular termination (i.e. SIGTERM) does not suffice. |
421e3b45 ZJS |
279 | Similarly, the signal used when aborting a program in case of a |
280 | watchdog timeout may now be configured too (WatchdogSignal=). | |
6b1ab752 LP |
281 | |
282 | * The XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP environment variable may now be configured in | |
283 | the pam_systemd argument line, using the new desktop= switch. This is | |
284 | useful to initialize it properly from a display manager without | |
285 | having to touch C code. | |
286 | ||
421e3b45 ZJS |
287 | * Most configuration options that previously accepted percentage values |
288 | now also accept permille values with the '‰' suffix (instead of '%'). | |
6b1ab752 | 289 | |
6b1ab752 LP |
290 | * systemd-resolved may now optionally use OpenSSL instead of GnuTLS for |
291 | DNS-over-TLS. | |
292 | ||
293 | * systemd-resolved's configuration file resolved.conf gained a new | |
294 | option ReadEtcHosts= which may be used to turn off processing and | |
295 | honoring /etc/hosts entries. | |
296 | ||
297 | * The "--wait" switch may now be passed to "systemctl | |
298 | is-system-running", in which case the tool will synchronously wait | |
299 | until the system finished start-up. | |
300 | ||
301 | * hostnamed gained a new bus call to determine the DMI product UUID. | |
302 | ||
303 | * On x86-64 systemd will now prefer using the RDRAND processor | |
304 | instruction over /dev/urandom whenever it requires randomness that | |
305 | neither has to be crypto-grade nor should be reproducible. This | |
306 | should substantially reduce the amount of entropy systemd requests | |
307 | from the kernel during initialization on such systems, though not | |
308 | reduce it to zero. (Why not zero? systemd still needs to allocate | |
309 | UUIDs and such uniquely, which require high-quality randomness.) | |
310 | ||
311 | * networkd gained support for Foo-Over-UDP, ERSPAN and ISATAP | |
312 | tunnels. It also gained a new option ForceDHCPv6PDOtherInformation= | |
313 | for forcing the "Other Information" bit in IPv6 RA messages. The | |
d6131be9 | 314 | bonding logic gained four new options AdActorSystemPriority=, |
6b1ab752 | 315 | AdUserPortKey=, AdActorSystem= for configuring various 802.3ad |
d6131be9 YW |
316 | aspects, and DynamicTransmitLoadBalancing= for enabling dynamic |
317 | shuffling of flows. The tunnel logic gained a new | |
318 | IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix= option for configuring IPv6 Rapid | |
319 | Deployment. The policy rule logic gained four new options IPProtocol=, | |
320 | SourcePort= and DestinationPort=, InvertRule=. The bridge logic gained | |
321 | support for the MulticastToUnicast= option. networkd also gained | |
322 | support for configuring static IPv4 ARP or IPv6 neighbor entries. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
323 | |
324 | * .preset files (as read by 'systemctl preset') may now be used to | |
325 | instantiate services. | |
326 | ||
327 | * /etc/crypttab now understands the sector-size= option to configure | |
328 | the sector size for an encrypted partition. | |
329 | ||
330 | * Key material for encrypted disks may now be placed on a formatted | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
331 | medium, and referenced from /etc/crypttab by the UUID of the file |
332 | system, followed by "=" suffixed by the path to the key file. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
333 | |
334 | * The "collect" udev component has been removed without replacement, as | |
421e3b45 | 335 | it is neither used nor maintained. |
6b1ab752 LP |
336 | |
337 | * When the RuntimeDirectory=, StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, | |
338 | LogsDirectory=, ConfigurationDirectory= settings are used in a | |
339 | service the executed processes will now receive a set of environment | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
340 | variables containing the full paths of these directories. |
341 | Specifically, RUNTIME_DIRECTORY=, STATE_DIRECTORY, CACHE_DIRECTORY, | |
342 | LOGS_DIRECTORY, CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY are now set if these options | |
343 | are used. Note that these options may be used multiple times per | |
344 | service in which case the resulting paths will be concatenated and | |
345 | separated by colons. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
346 | |
347 | * Predictable interface naming has been extended to cover InfiniBand | |
348 | NICs. They will be exposed with an "ib" prefix. | |
349 | ||
350 | * tmpfiles.d/ line types may now be suffixed with a '-' character, in | |
351 | which case the respective line failing is ignored. | |
352 | ||
353 | * .link files may now be used to configure the equivalent to the | |
354 | "ethtool advertise" commands. | |
355 | ||
356 | * The sd-device.h and sd-hwdb.h APIs are now exported, as an | |
357 | alternative to libudev.h. Previously, the latter was just an internal | |
358 | wrapper around the former, but now these two APIs are exposed | |
359 | directly. | |
360 | ||
361 | * sd-id128.h gained a new function sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific() | |
362 | which calculates an app-specific boot ID similar to how | |
363 | sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific() generates an app-specific machine | |
364 | ID. | |
365 | ||
366 | * A new tool systemd-id128 has been added that can be used to determine | |
367 | and generate various 128bit IDs. | |
368 | ||
369 | * /etc/os-release gained two new standardized fields DOCUMENTATION_URL= | |
370 | and LOGO=. | |
371 | ||
372 | * systemd-hibernate-resume-generator will now honor the "noresume" | |
373 | kernel command line option, in which case it will bypass resuming | |
374 | from any hibernated image. | |
375 | ||
376 | * The systemd-sleep.conf configuration file gained new options | |
377 | AllowSuspend=, AllowHibernation=, AllowSuspendThenHibernate=, | |
378 | AllowHybridSleep= for prohibiting specific sleep modes even if the | |
421e3b45 | 379 | kernel exports them. |
6b1ab752 LP |
380 | |
381 | * portablectl is now officially supported and has thus moved to | |
382 | /usr/bin/. | |
383 | ||
384 | * bootctl learnt the two new commands "set-default" and "set-oneshot" | |
385 | for setting the default boot loader item to boot to (either | |
386 | persistently or only for the next boot). This is currently only | |
387 | compatible with sd-boot, but may be implemented on other boot loaders | |
388 | too, that follow the boot loader interface. The updated interface is | |
389 | now documented here: | |
390 | ||
391 | https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_INTERFACE | |
392 | ||
393 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.early_core_pattern= is now | |
394 | understood which may be used to influence the core_pattern PID 1 | |
395 | installs during early boot. | |
396 | ||
397 | * busctl learnt two new options -j and --json= for outputting method | |
398 | call replies, properties and monitoring output in JSON. | |
399 | ||
400 | * journalctl's JSON output now supports simple ANSI coloring as well as | |
401 | a new "json-seq" mode for generating RFC7464 output. | |
402 | ||
403 | * Unit files now support the %g/%G specifiers that resolve to the UNIX | |
404 | group/GID of the service manager runs as, similar to the existing | |
405 | %u/%U specifiers that resolve to the UNIX user/UID. | |
406 | ||
407 | * systemd-logind learnt a new global configuration option | |
408 | UserStopDelaySec= that may be set in logind.conf. It specifies how | |
409 | long the systemd --user instance shall remain started after a user | |
410 | logs out. This is useful to speed up repetitive re-connections of the | |
411 | same user, as it means the user's service manager doesn't have to be | |
412 | stopped/restarted on each iteration, but can be reused between | |
413 | subsequent options. This setting defaults to 10s. systemd-logind also | |
414 | exports two new properties on its Manager D-Bus objects indicating | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
415 | whether the system's lid is currently closed, and whether the system |
416 | is on AC power. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
417 | |
418 | * systemd gained support for a generic boot counting logic, which | |
419 | generically permits automatic reverting to older boot loader entries | |
420 | if newer updated ones don't work. The boot loader side is implemented | |
421 | in sd-boot, but is kept open for other boot loaders too. For details | |
422 | see: | |
423 | ||
424 | https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT | |
425 | ||
426 | * The SuccessAction=/FailureAction= unit file settings now learnt two | |
427 | new parameters: "exit" and "exit-force", which result in immediate | |
428 | exiting of the service manager, and are only useful in systemd --user | |
429 | and container environments. | |
430 | ||
431 | * Unit files gained support for a pair of options | |
432 | FailureActionExitStatus=/SuccessActionExitStatus= for configuring the | |
433 | exit status to use as service manager exit status when | |
434 | SuccessAction=/FailureAction= is set to exit or exit-force. | |
435 | ||
436 | * A pair of LogRateLimitIntervalSec=/LogRateLimitBurst= per-service | |
437 | options may now be used to configure the log rate limiting applied by | |
438 | journald per-service. | |
439 | ||
440 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "timespan" for parsing and | |
441 | normalizing time span values (i.e. strings like "5min 7s 8us"). | |
442 | ||
443 | * systemd-analyze also gained a new verb "security" for analyzing the | |
444 | security and sand-boxing settings of services in order to determine an | |
445 | "exposure level" for them, indicating whether a service would benefit | |
446 | from more sand-boxing options turned on for them. | |
447 | ||
448 | * "systemd-analyze syscall-filter" will now also show system calls | |
449 | supported by the local kernel but not included in any of the defined | |
450 | groups. | |
451 | ||
452 | * .nspawn files now understand the Ephemeral= setting, matching the | |
453 | --ephemeral command line switch. | |
454 | ||
455 | * sd-event gained the new APIs sd_event_source_get_floating() and | |
456 | sd_event_source_set_floating() for controlling whether a specific | |
457 | event source is "floating", i.e. destroyed along with the even loop | |
458 | object itself. | |
459 | ||
460 | * Unit objects on D-Bus gained a new "Refs" property that lists all | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
461 | clients that currently have a reference on the unit (to ensure it is |
462 | not unloaded). | |
6b1ab752 LP |
463 | |
464 | * The JoinControllers= option in system.conf is no longer supported, as | |
465 | it didn't work correctly, is hard to support properly, is legacy (as | |
4e1dfa45 | 466 | the concept only exists on cgroup v1) and apparently wasn't used. |
6b1ab752 LP |
467 | |
468 | * Journal messages that are generated whenever a unit enters the failed | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
469 | state are now tagged with a unique MESSAGE_ID. Similarly, messages |
470 | generated whenever a service process exits are now made recognizable, | |
471 | too. A taged message is also emitted whenever a unit enters the | |
472 | "dead" state on success. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
473 | |
474 | * systemd-run gained a new switch --working-directory= for configuring | |
475 | the working directory of the service to start. A shortcut -d is | |
476 | equivalent, setting the working directory of the service to the | |
477 | current working directory of the invoking program. The new --shell | |
478 | (or just -S) option has been added for invoking the $SHELL of the | |
479 | caller as a service, and implies --pty --same-dir --wait --collect | |
421e3b45 | 480 | --service-type=exec. Or in other words, "systemd-run -S" is now the |
6b1ab752 LP |
481 | quickest way to quickly get an interactive in a fully clean and |
482 | well-defined system service context. | |
483 | ||
484 | * machinectl gained a new verb "import-fs" for importing an OS tree | |
485 | from a directory. Moreover, when a directory or tarball is imported | |
486 | and single top-level directory found with the OS itself below the OS | |
487 | tree is automatically mangled and moved one level up. | |
488 | ||
421e3b45 ZJS |
489 | * systemd-importd will no longer set up an implicit btrfs loop-back |
490 | file system on /var/lib/machines. If one is already set up, it will | |
491 | continue to be used. | |
6b1ab752 LP |
492 | |
493 | * A new generator "systemd-run-generator" has been added. It will | |
494 | synthesize a unit from one or more program command lines included in | |
495 | the kernel command line. This is very useful in container managers | |
496 | for example: | |
497 | ||
498 | # systemd-nspawn -i someimage.raw -b systemd.run='"some command line"' | |
499 | ||
500 | This will run "systemd-nspawn" on an image, invoke the specified | |
421e3b45 ZJS |
501 | command line and immediately shut down the container again, returning |
502 | the command line's exit code. | |
6b1ab752 | 503 | |
421e3b45 | 504 | * The block device locking logic is now documented: |
6b1ab752 LP |
505 | |
506 | https://systemd.io/BLOCK_DEVICE_LOCKING | |
507 | ||
508 | * loginctl and machinectl now optionally output the various tables in | |
509 | JSON using the --output= switch. It is our intention to add similar | |
510 | support to systemctl and all other commands. | |
511 | ||
512 | * udevadm's query and trigger verb now optionally take a .device unit | |
513 | name as argument. | |
514 | ||
515 | * systemd-udevd's network naming logic now understands a new | |
421e3b45 | 516 | net.naming-scheme= kernel command line switch, which may be used to |
6b1ab752 LP |
517 | pick a specific version of the naming scheme. This helps stabilizing |
518 | interface names even as systemd/udev are updated and the naming logic | |
519 | is improved. | |
520 | ||
67081438 LP |
521 | * sd-id128.h learnt two new auxiliary helpers: sd_id128_is_allf() and |
522 | SD_ID128_ALLF to test if a 128bit ID is set to all 0xFF bytes, and to | |
523 | initialize one to all 0xFF. | |
524 | ||
144d7f1d LP |
525 | * After loading the SELinux policy systemd will now recursively relabel |
526 | all files and directories listed in | |
527 | /run/systemd/relabel-extra.d/*.relabel (which should be simple | |
528 | newline separated lists of paths) in addition to the ones it already | |
529 | implicitly relabels in /run, /dev and /sys. After the relabelling is | |
530 | completed the *.relabel files (and /run/systemd/relabel-extra.d/) are | |
531 | removed. This is useful to permit initrds (i.e. code running before | |
532 | the SELinux policy is in effect) to generate files in the host | |
533 | filesystem safely and ensure that the correct label is applied during | |
534 | the transition to the host OS. | |
535 | ||
98a7b55a LP |
536 | * KERNEL API BREAKAGE: Linux kernel 4.18 changed behaviour regarding |
537 | mknod() handling in user namespaces. Previously mknod() would always | |
538 | fail with EPERM in user namespaces. Since 4.18 mknod() will succeed | |
539 | but device nodes generated that way cannot be opened, and attempts to | |
540 | open them result in EPERM. This breaks the "graceful fallback" logic | |
541 | in systemd's PrivateDevices= sand-boxing option. This option is | |
542 | implemented defensively, so that when systemd detects it runs in a | |
543 | restricted environment (such as a user namespace, or an environment | |
544 | where mknod() is blocked through seccomp or absence of CAP_SYS_MKNOD) | |
545 | where device nodes cannot be created the effect of PrivateDevices= is | |
546 | bypassed (following the logic that 2nd-level sand-boxing is not | |
547 | essential if the system systemd runs in is itself already sand-boxed | |
548 | as a whole). This logic breaks with 4.18 in container managers where | |
549 | user namespacing is used: suddenly PrivateDevices= succeeds setting | |
550 | up a private /dev/ file system containing devices nodes — but when | |
551 | these are opened they don't work. | |
552 | ||
553 | At this point is is recommended that container managers utilizing | |
554 | user namespaces that intend to run systemd in the payload explicitly | |
555 | block mknod() with seccomp or similar, so that the graceful fallback | |
556 | logic works again. | |
557 | ||
558 | We are very sorry for the breakage and the requirement to change | |
559 | container configurations for newer kernels. It's purely caused by an | |
560 | incompatible kernel change. The relevant kernel developers have been | |
561 | notified about this userspace breakage quickly, but they chose to | |
562 | ignore it. | |
563 | ||
455027c9 ZJS |
564 | * PermissionsStartOnly= setting is deprecated (but is still supported |
565 | for backwards compatibility). The same functionality is provided by | |
566 | the more flexible "+", "!", and "!!" prefixes to ExecStart= and other | |
567 | commands. | |
568 | ||
b4ff3dbb ZJS |
569 | * $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable is not set by |
570 | pam_systemd anymore. | |
571 | ||
08e1fe42 ZJS |
572 | * The naming scheme for network devices was changed to always rename |
573 | devices, even if they were already renamed by userspace. The "kernel" | |
574 | policy was changed to only apply as a fallback, if no other naming | |
575 | policy took effect. | |
576 | ||
bd36ef0a YW |
577 | * The requirements to build systemd is bumped to meson-0.46 and |
578 | python-3.5. | |
579 | ||
6b1ab752 LP |
580 | Contributions from: afg, Alan Jenkins, Aleksei Timofeyev, Alexander |
581 | Filippov, Alexander Kurtz, Alexey Bogdanenko, Andreas Henriksson, | |
582 | Andrew Jorgensen, Anita Zhang, apnix-uk, Arkan49, Arseny Maslennikov, | |
583 | asavah, Asbjørn Apeland, aszlig, Bastien Nocera, Ben Boeckel, Benedikt | |
c37e2358 LP |
584 | Morbach, Benjamin Berg, Bruce Zhang, Carlo Caione, Cedric Viou, Chen |
585 | Qi, Chris Chiu, Chris Down, Chris Morin, Christian Rebischke, Claudius | |
586 | Ellsel, Colin Guthrie, dana, Daniel, Daniele Medri, Daniel Kahn | |
587 | Gillmor, Daniel Rusek, Daniel van Vugt, Dariusz Gadomski, Dave Reisner, | |
588 | David Anderson, Davide Cavalca, David Leeds, David Malcolm, David | |
1742aae2 ZJS |
589 | Strauss, David Tardon, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dmitry Torokhov, dj-kaktus, |
590 | Dongsu Park, Elias Probst, Emil Soleyman, Erik Kooistra, Ervin Peters, | |
591 | Evgeni Golov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabrice Fontaine, Faheel Ahmad, | |
592 | Faizal Luthfi, Felix Yan, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Frank | |
593 | Schaefer, Frantisek Sumsal, Gautier Husson, Gianluca Boiano, Giuseppe | |
594 | Scrivano, glitsj16, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Harry Mallon, Harshit | |
595 | Jain, Helmut Grohne, Henry Tung, Hui Yiqun, imayoda, Insun Pyo, Iwan | |
596 | Timmer, Jan Janssen, Jan Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
597 | javitoom, Jérémy Nouhaud, Jeremy Su, Jiuyang Liu, João Paulo Rechi | |
598 | Vita, Joe Hershberger, Joe Rayhawk, Joerg Behrmann, Joerg Steffens, | |
599 | Jonas Dorel, Jon Ringle, Josh Soref, Julian Andres Klode, Jun Bo Bi, | |
600 | Jürg Billeter, Keith Busch, Khem Raj, Kirill Marinushkin, Larry | |
601 | Bernstone, Lennart Poettering, Lion Yang, Li Song, Lorenz | |
602 | Hübschle-Schneider, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas Werkmeister, Ludwin Janvier, | |
603 | Lukáš Nykrýn, Luke Shumaker, mal, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcin | |
604 | Skarbek, Marco Trevisan (Treviño), Marian Cepok, Mario Hros, Marko | |
605 | Myllynen, Markus Grimm, Martin Pitt, Martin Sobotka, Martin Wilck, | |
606 | Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre, Matthew Leeds, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
607 | Michael 'pbone' Pobega, Michael Scherer, Michal Koutný, Michal | |
608 | Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Mike Gilbert, Mike Palmer, Muhammet Kara, Neal | |
609 | Gompa, Neil Brown, Network Silence, Niklas Tibbling, Nikolas Nyby, | |
610 | Nogisaka Sadata, Oliver Smith, Patrik Flykt, Pavel Hrdina, Paweł | |
611 | Szewczyk, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, Ray Strode, Reinhold Mueller, | |
612 | Renaud Métrich, Roman Gushchin, Ronny Chevalier, Rubén Suárez Alvarez, | |
613 | Ruixin Bao, RussianNeuroMancer, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Saleem Rashid, Sam | |
614 | Morris, Samuel Morris, Sandy Carter, scootergrisen, Sébastien Bacher, | |
615 | Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shengyao Xue, Shih-Yuan Lee | |
616 | (FourDollars), Silvio Knizek, Sjoerd Simons, Stasiek Michalski, Stephen | |
617 | Gallagher, Steven Allen, Steve Ramage, Susant Sahani, Sven Joachim, | |
618 | Sylvain Plantefève, Tanu Kaskinen, Tejun Heo, Thiago Macieira, Thomas | |
619 | Blume, Thomas Haller, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tim Ruffing, TJ, Tobias | |
620 | Jungel, Todd Walton, Tommi Rantala, Tomsod M, Tony Novak, Tore | |
621 | Anderson, Trevonn, Victor Laskurain, Victor Tapia, Violet Halo, Vojtech | |
622 | Trefny, welaq, William A. Kennington III, William Douglas, Wyatt Ward, | |
623 | Xiang Fan, Xi Ruoyao, Xuanwo, Yann E. Morin, YmrDtnJu, Yu Watanabe, | |
624 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhang Xianwei, Zsolt Dollenstein | |
625 | ||
626 | — Warsaw, 2018-12-21 | |
6b1ab752 | 627 | |
e8498f82 | 628 | CHANGES WITH 239: |
019cb3ab SH |
629 | |
630 | * NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE NAMING CHANGES: systemd-udevd's "net_id" | |
d69f5282 ZJS |
631 | builtin will name network interfaces differently than in previous |
632 | versions for virtual network interfaces created with SR-IOV and NPAR | |
633 | and for devices where the PCI network controller device does not have | |
634 | a slot number associated. | |
635 | ||
636 | SR-IOV virtual devices are now named based on the name of the parent | |
637 | interface, with a suffix of "v<N>", where <N> is the virtual device | |
638 | number. Previously those virtual devices were named as if completely | |
639 | independent. | |
640 | ||
641 | The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices will be named following the | |
642 | scheme used for the first eight NPAR partitions. Previously those | |
643 | devices were not renamed and the kernel default (eth<n>) was used. | |
644 | ||
645 | "net_id" will also generate names for PCI devices where the PCI | |
646 | network controller device does not have an associated slot number | |
647 | itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those devices were | |
648 | not renamed and the kernel default (eth<n>) was used. | |
019cb3ab | 649 | |
6e2d744b YW |
650 | * AF_INET and AF_INET6 are dropped from RestrictAddressFamilies= in |
651 | systemd-logind.service. Since v235, IPAddressDeny=any has been set to | |
fe903cf4 LP |
652 | the unit. So, it is expected that the default behavior of |
653 | systemd-logind is not changed. However, if distribution packagers or | |
654 | administrators disabled or modified IPAddressDeny= setting by a | |
655 | drop-in config file, then it may be necessary to update the file to | |
656 | re-enable AF_INET and AF_INET6 to support network user name services, | |
657 | e.g. NIS. | |
658 | ||
659 | * When the RestrictNamespaces= unit property is specified multiple | |
660 | times, then the specified types are merged now. Previously, only the | |
661 | last assignment was used. So, if distribution packagers or | |
662 | administrators modified the setting by a drop-in config file, then it | |
663 | may be necessary to update the file. | |
e0eee477 | 664 | |
1fc83d09 LP |
665 | * When OnFailure= is used in combination with Restart= on a service |
666 | unit, then the specified units will no longer be triggered on | |
667 | failures that result in restarting. Previously, the specified units | |
668 | would be activated each time the unit failed, even when the unit was | |
669 | going to be restarted automatically. This behaviour contradicted the | |
670 | documentation. With this release the code is adjusted to match the | |
671 | documentation. | |
672 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
673 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now print a notice whenever it encounters |
674 | tmpfiles.d/ lines referencing the /var/run/ directory. It will | |
675 | recommend reworking them to use the /run/ directory instead (for | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
676 | which /var/run/ is simply a symlinked compatibility alias). This way |
677 | systemd-tmpfiles can properly detect line conflicts and merge lines | |
678 | referencing the same file by two paths, without having to access | |
679 | them. | |
41a4c3ec | 680 | |
ce55bd5e ZJS |
681 | * systemctl disable/unmask/preset/preset-all cannot be used with |
682 | --runtime. Previously this was allowed, but resulted in unintuitive | |
fe903cf4 LP |
683 | behaviour that wasn't useful. systemctl disable/unmask will now undo |
684 | both runtime and persistent enablement/masking, i.e. it will remove | |
685 | any relevant symlinks both in /run and /etc. | |
ce55bd5e | 686 | |
e01d9e21 LP |
687 | * Note that all long-running system services shipped with systemd will |
688 | now default to a system call whitelist (rather than a blacklist, as | |
689 | before). In particular, systemd-udevd will now enforce one too. For | |
690 | most cases this should be safe, however downstream distributions | |
691 | which disabled sandboxing of systemd-udevd (specifically the | |
692 | MountFlags= setting), might want to disable this security feature | |
693 | too, as the default whitelisting will prohibit all mount, swap, | |
694 | reboot and clock changing operations from udev rules. | |
695 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
696 | * sd-boot acquired new loader configuration settings to optionally turn |
697 | off Windows and MacOS boot partition discovery as well as | |
698 | reboot-into-firmware menu items. It is also able to pick a better | |
699 | screen resolution for HiDPI systems, and now provides loader | |
41a4c3ec LP |
700 | configuration settings to change the resolution explicitly. |
701 | ||
c9299be2 IT |
702 | * systemd-resolved now supports DNS-over-TLS. It's still |
703 | turned off by default, use DNSOverTLS=opportunistic to turn it on in | |
c086ce8c LP |
704 | resolved.conf. We intend to make this the default as soon as couple |
705 | of additional techniques for optimizing the initial latency caused by | |
706 | establishing a TLS/TCP connection are implemented. | |
707 | ||
73c718a9 YW |
708 | * systemd-resolved.service and systemd-networkd.service now set |
709 | DynamicUser=yes. The users systemd-resolve and systemd-network are | |
abc291aa LP |
710 | not created by systemd-sysusers anymore. |
711 | ||
712 | NOTE: This has a chance of breaking nss-ldap and similar NSS modules | |
713 | that embedd a network facing module into any process using getpwuid() | |
714 | or related call: the dynamic allocation of the user ID for | |
715 | systemd-resolved.service means the service manager has to check NSS | |
716 | if the user name is already taken when forking off the service. Since | |
717 | the user in the common case won't be defined in /etc/passwd the | |
718 | lookup is likely to trigger nss-ldap which in turn might use NSS to | |
719 | ask systemd-resolved for hostname lookups. This will hence result in | |
720 | a deadlock: a user name lookup in order to start | |
721 | systemd-resolved.service will result in a host name lookup for which | |
722 | systemd-resolved.service needs to be started already. There are | |
723 | multiple ways to work around this problem: pre-allocate the | |
724 | "systemd-resolve" user on such systems, so that nss-ldap won't be | |
725 | triggered; or use a different NSS package that doesn't do networking | |
726 | in-process but provides a local asynchronous name cache; or configure | |
727 | the NSS package to avoid lookups for UIDs in the range `pkg-config | |
728 | systemd --variable=dynamicuidmin` … `pkg-config systemd | |
729 | --variable=dynamicuidmax`, so that it does not consider itself | |
730 | authoritative for the same UID range systemd allocates dynamic users | |
731 | from. | |
73c718a9 | 732 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
733 | * The systemd-resolve tool has been renamed to resolvectl (it also |
734 | remains available under the old name, for compatibility), and its | |
735 | interface is now verb-based, similar in style to the other <xyz>ctl | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
736 | tools, such as systemctl or loginctl. |
737 | ||
75da262a LP |
738 | * The resolvectl/systemd-resolve tool also provides 'resolvconf' |
739 | compatibility. It may be symlinked under the 'resolvconf' name, in | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
740 | which case it will take arguments and input compatible with the |
741 | Debian and FreeBSD resolvconf tool. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
742 | |
743 | * Support for suspend-then-hibernate has been added, i.e. a sleep mode | |
3f9a0a52 | 744 | where the system initially suspends, and after a timeout resumes and |
41a4c3ec LP |
745 | hibernates again. |
746 | ||
747 | * networkd's ClientIdentifier= now accepts a new option "duid-only". If | |
748 | set the client will only send a DUID as client identifier. | |
749 | ||
750 | * The nss-systemd glibc NSS module will now enumerate dynamic users and | |
751 | groups in effect. Previously, it could resolve UIDs/GIDs to user | |
752 | names/groups and vice versa, but did not support enumeration. | |
753 | ||
754 | * journald's Compress= configuration setting now optionally accepts a | |
755 | byte threshold value. All journal objects larger than this threshold | |
756 | will be compressed, smaller ones will not. Previously this threshold | |
757 | was not configurable and set to 512. | |
758 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
759 | * A new system.conf setting NoNewPrivileges= is now available which may |
760 | be used to turn off acquisition of new privileges system-wide | |
761 | (i.e. set Linux' PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS for PID 1 itself, and thus also | |
762 | for all its children). Note that turning this option on means setuid | |
763 | binaries and file system capabilities lose their special powers. | |
764 | While turning on this option is a big step towards a more secure | |
765 | system, doing so is likely to break numerous pre-existing UNIX tools, | |
766 | in particular su and sudo. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
767 | |
768 | * A new service systemd-time-sync-wait.service has been added. If | |
769 | enabled it will delay the time-sync.target unit at boot until time | |
bc99dac5 | 770 | synchronization has been received from the network. This |
41a4c3ec LP |
771 | functionality is useful on systems lacking a local RTC or where it is |
772 | acceptable that the boot process shall be delayed by external network | |
773 | services. | |
774 | ||
775 | * When hibernating, systemd will now inform the kernel of the image | |
776 | write offset, on kernels new enough to support this. This means swap | |
777 | files should work for hibernation now. | |
778 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
779 | * When loading unit files, systemd will now look for drop-in unit files |
780 | extensions in additional places. Previously, for a unit file name | |
41a4c3ec LP |
781 | "foo-bar-baz.service" it would look for dropin files in |
782 | "foo-bar-baz.service.d/*.conf". Now, it will also look in | |
783 | "foo-bar-.service.d/*.conf" and "foo-.service.d/", i.e. at the | |
784 | service name truncated after all inner dashes. This scheme allows | |
785 | writing drop-ins easily that apply to a whole set of unit files at | |
786 | once. It's particularly useful for mount and slice units (as their | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
787 | naming is prefix based), but is also useful for service and other |
788 | units, for packages that install multiple unit files at once, | |
41a4c3ec | 789 | following a strict naming regime of beginning the unit file name with |
5cadf58e ZJS |
790 | the package's name. Two new specifiers are now supported in unit |
791 | files to match this: %j and %J are replaced by the part of the unit | |
792 | name following the last dash. | |
793 | ||
794 | * Unit files and other configuration files that support specifier | |
88099359 | 795 | expansion now understand another three new specifiers: %T and %V will |
5cadf58e | 796 | resolve to /tmp and /var/tmp respectively, or whatever temporary |
88099359 ZJS |
797 | directory has been set for the calling user. %E will expand to either |
798 | /etc (for system units) or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME (for user units). | |
41a4c3ec LP |
799 | |
800 | * The ExecStart= lines of unit files are no longer required to | |
801 | reference absolute paths. If non-absolute paths are specified the | |
802 | specified binary name is searched within the service manager's | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
803 | built-in $PATH, which may be queried with 'systemd-path |
804 | search-binaries-default'. It's generally recommended to continue to | |
805 | use absolute paths for all binaries specified in unit files. | |
41a4c3ec | 806 | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
807 | * Units gained a new load state "bad-setting", which is used when a |
808 | unit file was loaded, but contained fatal errors which prevent it | |
ba1dc1a1 LP |
809 | from being started (for example, a service unit has been defined |
810 | lacking both ExecStart= and ExecStop= lines). | |
c7f93e28 | 811 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
812 | * coredumpctl's "gdb" verb has been renamed to "debug", in order to |
813 | support alternative debuggers, for example lldb. The old name | |
814 | continues to be available however, for compatibility reasons. Use the | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
815 | new --debugger= switch or the $SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER environment variable |
816 | to pick an alternative debugger instead of the default gdb. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
817 | |
818 | * systemctl and the other tools will now output escape sequences that | |
819 | generate proper clickable hyperlinks in various terminal emulators | |
820 | where useful (for example, in the "systemctl status" output you can | |
821 | now click on the unit file name to quickly open it in the | |
822 | editor/viewer of your choice). Note that not all terminal emulators | |
823 | support this functionality yet, but many do. Unfortunately, the | |
824 | "less" pager doesn't support this yet, hence this functionality is | |
825 | currently automatically turned off when a pager is started (which | |
826 | happens quite often due to auto-paging). We hope to remove this | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
827 | limitation as soon as "less" learns these escape sequences. This new |
828 | behaviour may also be turned off explicitly with the $SYSTEMD_URLIFY | |
829 | environment variable. For details on these escape sequences see: | |
41a4c3ec LP |
830 | https://gist.github.com/egmontkob/eb114294efbcd5adb1944c9f3cb5feda |
831 | ||
832 | * networkd's .network files now support a new IPv6MTUBytes= option for | |
833 | setting the MTU used by IPv6 explicitly as well as a new MTUBytes= | |
834 | option in the [Route] section to configure the MTU to use for | |
835 | specific routes. It also gained support for configuration of the DHCP | |
836 | "UserClass" option through the new UserClass= setting. It gained | |
837 | three new options in the new [CAN] section for configuring CAN | |
838 | networks. The MULTICAST and ALLMULTI interface flags may now be | |
839 | controlled explicitly with the new Multicast= and AllMulticast= | |
840 | settings. | |
841 | ||
842 | * networkd will now automatically make use of the kernel's route | |
843 | expiration feature, if it is available. | |
844 | ||
5cadf58e ZJS |
845 | * udevd's .link files now support setting the number of receive and |
846 | transmit channels, using the RxChannels=, TxChannels=, | |
847 | OtherChannels=, CombinedChannels= settings. | |
848 | ||
849 | * Support for UDPSegmentationOffload= has been removed, given its | |
850 | limited support in hardware, and waning software support. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
851 | |
852 | * networkd's .netdev files now support creating "netdevsim" interfaces. | |
853 | ||
854 | * PID 1 learnt a new bus call GetUnitByControlGroup() which may be used | |
855 | to query the unit belonging to a specific kernel control group. | |
856 | ||
5cadf58e | 857 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "cat-config", which may be used to |
41a4c3ec LP |
858 | dump the contents of any configuration file, with all its matching |
859 | drop-in files added in, and honouring the usual search and masking | |
860 | logic applied to systemd configuration files. For example use | |
861 | "systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/system.conf" to get the complete | |
862 | system configuration file of systemd how it would be loaded by PID 1 | |
5cadf58e ZJS |
863 | itself. Similar to this, various tools such as systemd-tmpfiles or |
864 | systemd-sysusers, gained a new option "--cat-config", which does the | |
41a4c3ec LP |
865 | corresponding operation for their own configuration settings. For |
866 | example, "systemd-tmpfiles --cat-config" will now output the full | |
867 | list of tmpfiles.d/ lines in place. | |
868 | ||
704ae536 YW |
869 | * timedatectl gained three new verbs: "show" shows bus properties of |
870 | systemd-timedated, "timesync-status" shows the current NTP | |
871 | synchronization state of systemd-timesyncd, and "show-timesync" | |
872 | shows bus properties of systemd-timesyncd. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
873 | |
874 | * systemd-timesyncd gained a bus interface on which it exposes details | |
875 | about its state. | |
876 | ||
73c718a9 YW |
877 | * A new environment variable $SYSTEMD_TIMEDATED_NTP_SERVICES is now |
878 | understood by systemd-timedated. It takes a colon-separated list of | |
879 | unit names of NTP client services. The list is used by | |
880 | "timedatectl set-ntp". | |
881 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
882 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --rlimit= switch for setting initial |
883 | resource limits for the container payload. There's a new switch | |
5cadf58e | 884 | --hostname= to explicitly override the container's hostname. A new |
41a4c3ec LP |
885 | --no-new-privileges= switch may be used to control the |
886 | PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for the container payload. A new | |
887 | --oom-score-adjust= switch controls the OOM scoring adjustment value | |
888 | for the payload. The new --cpu-affinity= switch controls the CPU | |
889 | affinity of the container payload. The new --resolv-conf= switch | |
890 | allows more detailed control of /etc/resolv.conf handling of the | |
5cadf58e | 891 | container. Similarly, the new --timezone= switch allows more detailed |
41a4c3ec LP |
892 | control of /etc/localtime handling of the container. |
893 | ||
5cadf58e | 894 | * systemd-detect-virt gained a new --list switch, which will print a |
41a4c3ec LP |
895 | list of all currently known VM and container environments. |
896 | ||
5cadf58e | 897 | * Support for "Portable Services" has been added, see |
41a4c3ec | 898 | doc/PORTABLE_SERVICES.md for details. Currently, the support is still |
5cadf58e ZJS |
899 | experimental, but this is expected to change soon. Reflecting this |
900 | experimental state, the "portablectl" binary is not installed into | |
41a4c3ec LP |
901 | /usr/bin yet. The binary has to be called with the full path |
902 | /usr/lib/systemd/portablectl instead. | |
903 | ||
904 | * journalctl's and systemctl's -o switch now knows a new log output | |
905 | mode "with-unit". The output it generates is very similar to the | |
906 | regular "short" mode, but displays the unit name instead of the | |
907 | syslog tag for each log line. Also, the date is shown with timezone | |
908 | information. This mode is probably more useful than the classic | |
909 | "short" output mode for most purposes, except where pixel-perfect | |
910 | compatibility with classic /var/log/messages formatting is required. | |
911 | ||
912 | * A new --dump-bus-properties switch has been added to the systemd | |
913 | binary, which may be used to dump all supported D-Bus properties. | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
914 | (Options which are still supported, but are deprecated, are *not* |
915 | shown.) | |
41a4c3ec | 916 | |
41a4c3ec LP |
917 | * sd-bus gained a set of new calls: |
918 | sd_bus_slot_set_floating()/sd_bus_slot_get_floating() may be used to | |
919 | enable/disable the "floating" state of a bus slot object, | |
920 | i.e. whether the slot object pins the bus it is allocated for into | |
921 | memory or if the bus slot object gets disconnected when the bus goes | |
922 | away. sd_bus_open_with_description(), | |
923 | sd_bus_open_user_with_description(), | |
924 | sd_bus_open_system_with_description() may be used to allocate bus | |
925 | objects and set their description string already during allocation. | |
926 | ||
927 | * sd-event gained support for watching inotify events from the event | |
928 | loop, in an efficient way, sharing inotify handles between multiple | |
929 | users. For this a new function sd_event_add_inotify() has been added. | |
930 | ||
931 | * sd-event and sd-bus gained support for calling special user-supplied | |
932 | destructor functions for userdata pointers associated with | |
c7f93e28 ZJS |
933 | sd_event_source, sd_bus_slot, and sd_bus_track objects. For this new |
934 | functions sd_bus_slot_set_destroy_callback, | |
935 | sd_bus_slot_get_destroy_callback, sd_bus_track_set_destroy_callback, | |
936 | sd_bus_track_get_destroy_callback, | |
937 | sd_event_source_set_destroy_callback, | |
938 | sd_event_source_get_destroy_callback have been added. | |
41a4c3ec LP |
939 | |
940 | * The "net.ipv4.tcp_ecn" sysctl will now be turned on by default. | |
941 | ||
942 | * PID 1 will now automatically reschedule .timer units whenever the | |
5cadf58e | 943 | local timezone changes. (They previously got rescheduled |
41a4c3ec LP |
944 | automatically when the system clock changed.) |
945 | ||
946 | * New documentation has been added to document cgroups delegation, | |
947 | portable services and the various code quality tools we have set up: | |
948 | ||
a8a27374 SK |
949 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/CGROUP_DELEGATION.md |
950 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/PORTABLE_SERVICES.md | |
951 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/CODE_QUALITY.md | |
41a4c3ec | 952 | |
d6906108 LP |
953 | * The Boot Loader Specification has been added to the source tree. |
954 | ||
a8a27374 | 955 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION.md |
d6906108 LP |
956 | |
957 | While moving it into our source tree we have updated it and further | |
958 | changes are now accepted through the usual github PR workflow. | |
959 | ||
41a4c3ec LP |
960 | * pam_systemd will now look for PAM userdata fields systemd.memory_max, |
961 | systemd.tasks_max, systemd.cpu_weight, systemd.io_weight set by | |
962 | earlier PAM modules. The data in these fields is used to initialize | |
963 | the session scope's resource properties. Thus external PAM modules | |
964 | may now configure per-session limits, for example sourced from | |
965 | external user databases. | |
966 | ||
967 | * socket units with Accept=yes will now maintain a "refused" counter in | |
968 | addition to the existing "accepted" counter, counting connections | |
969 | refused due to the enforced limits. | |
970 | ||
971 | * The "systemd-path search-binaries-default" command may now be use to | |
972 | query the default, built-in $PATH PID 1 will pass to the services it | |
973 | manages. | |
974 | ||
c49a7cbd LP |
975 | * A new unit file setting PrivateMounts= has been added. It's a boolean |
976 | option. If enabled the unit's processes are invoked in their own file | |
977 | system namespace. Note that this behaviour is also implied if any | |
978 | other file system namespacing options (such as PrivateTmp=, | |
979 | PrivateDevices=, ProtectSystem=, …) are used. This option is hence | |
980 | primarily useful for services that do not use any of the other file | |
981 | system namespacing options. One such service is systemd-udevd.service | |
982 | wher this is now used by default. | |
983 | ||
57ab451e ZJS |
984 | * ConditionSecurity= gained a new value "uefi-secureboot" that is true |
985 | when the system is booted in UEFI "secure mode". | |
986 | ||
c7668c1c LP |
987 | * A new unit "system-update-pre.target" is added, which defines an |
988 | optional synchronization point for offline system updates, as | |
989 | implemented by the pre-existing "system-update.target" unit. It | |
990 | allows ordering services before the service that executes the actual | |
991 | update process in a generic way. | |
992 | ||
f26ad321 ZJS |
993 | * Systemd now emits warnings whenever .include syntax is used. |
994 | ||
41a4c3ec | 995 | Contributions from: Adam Duskett, Alan Jenkins, Alessandro Casale, |
ec53d48c | 996 | Alexander Kurtz, Alex Gartrell, Anssi Hannula, Arnaud Rebillout, Brian |
bb6f071f LP |
997 | J. Murrell, Bruno Vernay, Chris Lamb, Chris Lesiak, Christian Brauner, |
998 | Christian Hesse, Christian Rebischke, Colin Guthrie, Daniel Dao, Daniel | |
999 | Lin, Danylo Korostil, Davide Cavalca, David Tardon, Dimitri John | |
1000 | Ledkov, Dmitriy Geels, Douglas Christman, Elia Geretto, emelenas, Emil | |
1001 | Velikov, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Feng Sun, Filipe | |
1002 | Brandenburger, Franck Bui, futpib, Giuseppe Scrivano, Guillem Jover, | |
1003 | guixxx, Hannes Reinecke, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Henrique Dante de | |
1004 | Almeida, Hiram van Paassen, Ian Miell, Igor Gnatenko, Ivan Shapovalov, | |
1005 | Iwan Timmer, James Cowgill, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Jared Kazimir, | |
1006 | Jérémy Rosen, João Paulo Rechi Vita, Joost Heitbrink, Jui-Chi Ricky | |
1007 | Liang, Jürg Billeter, Kai-Heng Feng, Karol Augustin, Kay Sievers, | |
1008 | Krzysztof Nowicki, Lauri Tirkkonen, Lennart Poettering, Leonard König, | |
1009 | Long Li, Luca Boccassi, Lucas Werkmeister, Marcel Hoppe, Marc | |
1010 | Kleine-Budde, Mario Limonciello, Martin Jansa, Martin Wilck, Mathieu | |
1011 | Malaterre, Matteo F. Vescovi, Matthew McGinn, Matthias-Christian Ott, | |
1012 | Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Prokop, Michal Koutný, Michal | |
1013 | Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Mikhail Kasimov, Milan Broz, Milan Pässler, | |
1014 | Mladen Pejaković, Muhammet Kara, Nicolas Boichat, Omer Katz, Paride | |
1015 | Legovini, Paul Menzel, Paul Milliken, Pavel Hrdina, Peter A. Bigot, | |
1016 | Peter D'Hoye, Peter Hutterer, Peter Jones, Philip Sequeira, Philip | |
61d0025d | 1017 | Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Radostin Stoyanov, Ricardo Salveti de Araujo, |
bb6f071f LP |
1018 | Ronny Chevalier, Rosen Penev, Rubén Suárez Alvarez, Ryan Gonzalez, |
1019 | Salvo Tomaselli, Sebastian Reichel, Sergey Ptashnick, Sergio Lindo | |
1020 | Mansilla, Stefan Schweter, Stephen Hemminger, Stuart Hayes, Susant | |
1021 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Jungel, | |
1022 | Tomasz Torcz, Vito Caputo, Will Dietz, Will Thompson, Wim van Mourik, | |
1023 | Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
41a4c3ec | 1024 | |
e8498f82 | 1025 | — Berlin, 2018-06-22 |
41a4c3ec | 1026 | |
c657bff1 | 1027 | CHANGES WITH 238: |
e0c46a73 LP |
1028 | |
1029 | * The MemoryAccounting= unit property now defaults to on. After | |
1030 | discussions with the upstream control group maintainers we learnt | |
1031 | that the negative impact of cgroup memory accounting on current | |
1032 | kernels is finally relatively minimal, so that it should be safe to | |
444d5863 ZJS |
1033 | enable this by default without affecting system performance. Besides |
1034 | memory accounting only task accounting is turned on by default, all | |
1035 | other forms of resource accounting (CPU, IO, IP) remain off for now, | |
1036 | because it's not clear yet that their impact is small enough to move | |
1037 | from opt-in to opt-out. We recommend downstreams to leave memory | |
07a35e84 | 1038 | accounting on by default if kernel 4.14 or higher is primarily |
444d5863 ZJS |
1039 | used. On very resource constrained systems or when support for old |
1040 | kernels is a necessity, -Dmemory-accounting-default=false can be used | |
1041 | to revert this change. | |
e0c46a73 | 1042 | |
313c32c3 ZJS |
1043 | * rpm scriptlets to update the udev hwdb and rules (%udev_hwdb_update, |
1044 | %udev_rules_update) and the journal catalog (%journal_catalog_update) | |
1045 | from the upgrade scriptlets of individual packages now do nothing. | |
1046 | Transfiletriggers have been added which will perform those updates | |
1047 | once at the end of the transaction. | |
1048 | ||
1049 | Similar transfiletriggers have been added to execute any sysctl.d | |
1050 | and binfmt.d rules. Thus, it should be unnecessary to provide any | |
1051 | scriptlets to execute this configuration from package installation | |
1052 | scripts. | |
1053 | ||
1054 | * systemd-sysusers gained a mode where the configuration to execute is | |
1055 | specified on the command line, but this configuration is not executed | |
1056 | directly, but instead it is merged with the configuration on disk, | |
1057 | and the result is executed. This is useful for package installation | |
1058 | scripts which want to create the user before installing any files on | |
1059 | disk (in case some of those files are owned by that user), while | |
1060 | still allowing local admin overrides. | |
1061 | ||
07a35e84 | 1062 | This functionality is exposed to rpm scriptlets through a new |
313c32c3 ZJS |
1063 | %sysusers_create_package macro. Old %sysusers_create and |
1064 | %sysusers_create_inline macros are deprecated. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | A transfiletrigger for sysusers.d configuration is now installed, | |
07a35e84 | 1067 | which means that it should be unnecessary to call systemd-sysusers from |
313c32c3 ZJS |
1068 | package installation scripts, unless the package installs any files |
1069 | owned by those newly-created users, in which case | |
1070 | %sysusers_create_package should be used. | |
1071 | ||
1072 | * Analogous change has been done for systemd-tmpfiles: it gained a mode | |
1073 | where the command-line configuration is merged with the configuration | |
1074 | on disk. This is exposed as the new %tmpfiles_create_package macro, | |
1075 | and %tmpfiles_create is deprecated. A transfiletrigger is installed | |
1076 | for tmpfiles.d, hence it should be unnecessary to call systemd-tmpfiles | |
1077 | from package installation scripts. | |
1078 | ||
1079 | * sysusers.d configuration for a user may now also specify the group | |
1080 | number, in addition to the user number ("u username 123:456"), or | |
1081 | without the user number ("u username -:456"). | |
1082 | ||
1083 | * Configution items for systemd-sysusers can now be specified as | |
1084 | positional arguments when the new --inline switch is used. | |
1085 | ||
1086 | * The login shell of users created through sysusers.d may now be | |
1087 | specified (previously, it was always /bin/sh for root and | |
1088 | /sbin/nologin for other users). | |
1089 | ||
1090 | * systemd-analyze gained a new --global switch to look at global user | |
1091 | configuration. It also gained a unit-paths verb to list the unit load | |
1092 | paths that are compiled into systemd (which can be used with | |
1093 | --systemd, --user, or --global). | |
1094 | ||
1095 | * udevadm trigger gained a new --settle/-w option to wait for any | |
1096 | triggered events to finish (but just those, and not any other events | |
1097 | which are triggered meanwhile). | |
1098 | ||
1099 | * The action that systemd-logind takes when the lid is closed and the | |
1100 | machine is connected to external power can now be configured using | |
1101 | HandleLidSwitchExternalPower= in logind.conf. Previously, this action | |
1102 | was determined by HandleLidSwitch=, and, for backwards compatibility, | |
1103 | is still is, if HandleLidSwitchExternalPower= is not explicitly set. | |
1104 | ||
1105 | * journalctl will periodically call sd_journal_process() to make it | |
1106 | resilient against inotify queue overruns when journal files are | |
1107 | rotated very quickly. | |
1108 | ||
1109 | * Two new functions in libsystemd — sd_bus_get_n_queued_read and | |
1110 | sd_bus_get_n_queued_write — may be used to check the number of | |
1111 | pending bus messages. | |
1112 | ||
1113 | * systemd gained a new | |
1114 | org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.AttachProcessesToUnit dbus call | |
1115 | which can be used to migrate foreign processes to scope and service | |
1116 | units. The primary user for this new API is systemd itself: the | |
1117 | systemd --user instance uses this call of the systemd --system | |
1118 | instance to migrate processes if it itself gets the request to | |
1119 | migrate processes and the kernel refuses this due to access | |
1120 | restrictions. Thanks to this "systemd-run --scope --user …" works | |
4e1dfa45 | 1121 | again in pure cgroup v2 environments when invoked from the user |
313c32c3 ZJS |
1122 | session scope. |
1123 | ||
1124 | * A new TemporaryFileSystem= setting can be used to mask out part of | |
1125 | the real file system tree with tmpfs mounts. This may be combined | |
1126 | with BindPaths= and BindReadOnlyPaths= to hide files or directories | |
1127 | not relevant to the unit, while still allowing some paths lower in | |
1128 | the tree to be accessed. | |
1129 | ||
1130 | ProtectHome=tmpfs may now be used to hide user home and runtime | |
1131 | directories from units, in a way that is mostly equivalent to | |
1132 | "TemporaryFileSystem=/home /run/user /root". | |
1133 | ||
1134 | * Non-service units are now started with KeyringMode=shared by default. | |
1135 | This means that mount and swapon and other mount tools have access | |
1136 | to keys in the main keyring. | |
1137 | ||
1138 | * /sys/fs/bpf is now mounted automatically. | |
1139 | ||
1140 | * QNX virtualization is now detected by systemd-detect-virt and may | |
1141 | be used in ConditionVirtualization=. | |
1142 | ||
1143 | * IPAccounting= may now be enabled also for slice units. | |
1144 | ||
1145 | * A new -Dsplit-bin= build configuration switch may be used to specify | |
1146 | whether bin and sbin directories are merged, or if they should be | |
1147 | included separately in $PATH and various listings of executable | |
1148 | directories. The build configuration scripts will try to autodetect | |
1149 | the proper values of -Dsplit-usr= and -Dsplit-bin= based on build | |
1150 | system, but distributions are encouraged to configure this | |
1151 | explicitly. | |
1152 | ||
1153 | * A new -Dok-color= build configuration switch may be used to change | |
1154 | the colour of "OK" status messages. | |
1155 | ||
1156 | * UPGRADE ISSUE: serialization of units using JoinsNamespaceOf= with | |
1157 | PrivateNetwork=yes was buggy in previous versions of systemd. This | |
1158 | means that after the upgrade and daemon-reexec, any such units must | |
1159 | be restarted. | |
1160 | ||
1161 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: as announced in the NEWS for 237, systemd-tmpfiles | |
1162 | will not exclude read-only files owned by root from cleanup. | |
1163 | ||
c657bff1 ZJS |
1164 | Contributions from: Alan Jenkins, Alexander F Rødseth, Alexis Jeandet, |
1165 | Andika Triwidada, Andrei Gherzan, Ansgar Burchardt, antizealot1337, | |
1166 | Batuhan Osman Taşkaya, Beniamino Galvani, Bill Yodlowsky, Caio Marcelo | |
1167 | de Oliveira Filho, CuBiC, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mouritzen, Daniel | |
1168 | Rusek, Davide Cavalca, Dimitri John Ledkov, Douglas Christman, Evgeny | |
1169 | Vereshchagin, Faalagorn, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, futpib, | |
1170 | Giacomo Longo, Gunnar Hjalmarsson, Hans de Goede, Hermann Gausterer, | |
1171 | Iago López Galeiras, Jakub Filak, Jan Synacek, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
1172 | Javier Martinez Canillas, Jérémy Rosen, Lennart Poettering, Lucas | |
1173 | Werkmeister, Mao Huang, Marco Gulino, Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, | |
1174 | MilhouseVH, Neal Gompa (ニール・ゴンパ), Oleander Reis, Olof Mogren, | |
1175 | Patrick Uiterwijk, Peter Hutterer, Peter Portante, Piotr Drąg, Robert | |
1176 | Antoni Buj Gelonch, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shuang Liu, Simon | |
1177 | Fowler, SjonHortensius, snorreflorre, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
1178 | Plantefève, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Vito Caputo, Yu Watanabe, | |
1179 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић (Marko M. Kostić) | |
1180 | ||
1181 | — Warsaw, 2018-03-05 | |
1182 | ||
82c8e3e6 | 1183 | CHANGES WITH 237: |
2b0c59ba MP |
1184 | |
1185 | * Some keyboards come with a zoom see-saw or rocker which until now got | |
1186 | mapped to the Linux "zoomin/out" keys in hwdb. However, these | |
1187 | keycodes are not recognized by any major desktop. They now produce | |
1188 | Up/Down key events so that they can be used for scrolling. | |
1189 | ||
49e87292 LP |
1190 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: systemd-tmpfiles' "f" lines changed behaviour |
1191 | slightly: previously, if an argument was specified for lines of this | |
1192 | type (i.e. the right-most column was set) this string was appended to | |
1193 | existing files each time systemd-tmpfiles was run. This behaviour was | |
1194 | different from what the documentation said, and not particularly | |
1195 | useful, as repeated systemd-tmpfiles invocations would not be | |
1196 | idempotent and grow such files without bounds. With this release | |
15c5594b ZJS |
1197 | behaviour has been altered to match what the documentation says: |
1198 | lines of this type only have an effect if the indicated files don't | |
1199 | exist yet, and only then the argument string is written to the file. | |
49e87292 | 1200 | |
82c8e3e6 LP |
1201 | * FUTURE INCOMPATIBILITY: In systemd v238 we intend to slightly change |
1202 | systemd-tmpfiles behaviour: previously, read-only files owned by root | |
1203 | were always excluded from the file "aging" algorithm (i.e. the | |
1204 | automatic clean-up of directories like /tmp based on | |
1205 | atime/mtime/ctime). We intend to drop this restriction, and age files | |
1206 | by default even when owned by root and read-only. This behaviour was | |
1207 | inherited from older tools, but there have been requests to remove | |
1208 | it, and it's not obvious why this restriction was made in the first | |
1209 | place. Please speak up now, if you are aware of software that reqires | |
1210 | this behaviour, otherwise we'll remove the restriction in v238. | |
1211 | ||
95894b91 LP |
1212 | * A new environment variable $SYSTEMD_OFFLINE is now understood by |
1213 | systemctl. It takes a boolean argument. If on, systemctl assumes it | |
1214 | operates on an "offline" OS tree, and will not attempt to talk to the | |
1215 | service manager. Previously, this mode was implicitly enabled if a | |
1216 | chroot() environment was detected, and this new environment variable | |
1217 | now provides explicit control. | |
1218 | ||
1a0cd2c7 ZJS |
1219 | * .path and .socket units may now be created transiently, too. |
1220 | Previously only service, mount, automount and timer units were | |
95894b91 LP |
1221 | supported as transient units. The systemd-run tool has been updated |
1222 | to expose this new functionality, you may hence use it now to bind | |
1223 | arbitrary commands to path or socket activation on-the-fly from the | |
1a0cd2c7 ZJS |
1224 | command line. Moreover, almost all properties are now exposed for the |
1225 | unit types that already supported transient operation. | |
95894b91 LP |
1226 | |
1227 | * The systemd-mount command gained support for a new --owner= parameter | |
1228 | which takes a user name, which is then resolved and included in uid= | |
1229 | and gid= mount options string of the file system to mount. | |
1230 | ||
1231 | * A new unit condition ConditionControlGroupController= has been added | |
1232 | that checks whether a specific cgroup controller is available. | |
1233 | ||
1234 | * Unit files, udev's .link files, and systemd-networkd's .netdev and | |
1235 | .network files all gained support for a new condition | |
1236 | ConditionKernelVersion= for checking against specific kernel | |
1237 | versions. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | * In systemd-networkd, the [IPVLAN] section in .netdev files gained | |
6cddc792 | 1240 | support for configuring device flags in the Flags= setting. In the |
95894b91 LP |
1241 | same files, the [Tunnel] section gained support for configuring |
1242 | AllowLocalRemote=. The [Route] section in .network files gained | |
1243 | support for configuring InitialCongestionWindow=, | |
1244 | InitialAdvertisedReceiveWindow= and QuickAck=. The [DHCP] section now | |
1245 | understands RapidCommit=. | |
1246 | ||
1247 | * systemd-networkd's DHCPv6 support gained support for Prefix | |
1248 | Delegation. | |
1249 | ||
1250 | * sd-bus gained support for a new "watch-bind" feature. When this | |
1251 | feature is enabled, an sd_bus connection may be set up to connect to | |
1252 | an AF_UNIX socket in the file system as soon as it is created. This | |
1253 | functionality is useful for writing early-boot services that | |
1254 | automatically connect to the system bus as soon as it is started, | |
1255 | without ugly time-based polling. systemd-networkd and | |
1256 | systemd-resolved have been updated to make use of this | |
1257 | functionality. busctl exposes this functionality in a new | |
1258 | --watch-bind= command line switch. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | * sd-bus will now optionally synthesize a local "Connected" signal as | |
1261 | soon as a D-Bus connection is set up fully. This message mirrors the | |
1262 | already existing "Disconnected" signal which is synthesized when the | |
1263 | connection is terminated. This signal is generally useful but | |
1264 | particularly handy in combination with the "watch-bind" feature | |
1265 | described above. Synthesizing of this message has to be requested | |
1266 | explicitly through the new API call sd_bus_set_connected_signal(). In | |
1267 | addition a new call sd_bus_is_ready() has been added that checks | |
caf2a2d8 | 1268 | whether a connection is fully set up (i.e. between the "Connected" and |
95894b91 LP |
1269 | "Disconnected" signals). |
1270 | ||
1271 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_request_name_async() and | |
1272 | sd_bus_release_name_async() for asynchronously registering bus | |
1273 | names. Similar, there is now sd_bus_add_match_async() for installing | |
1274 | a signal match asynchronously. All of systemd's own services have | |
1275 | been updated to make use of these calls. Doing these operations | |
1276 | asynchronously has two benefits: it reduces the risk of deadlocks in | |
1277 | case of cyclic dependencies between bus services, and it speeds up | |
1278 | service initialization since synchronization points for bus | |
1279 | round-trips are removed. | |
1280 | ||
1281 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_match_signal() and | |
1282 | sd_bus_match_signal_async(), which are similar to sd_bus_add_match() | |
1283 | and sd_bus_add_match_async() but instead of taking a D-Bus match | |
1284 | string take match fields as normal function parameters. | |
1285 | ||
1286 | * sd-bus gained two new calls sd_bus_set_sender() and | |
1287 | sd_bus_message_set_sender() for setting the sender name of outgoing | |
1288 | messages (either for all outgoing messages or for just one specific | |
1289 | one). These calls are only useful in direct connections as on | |
1290 | brokered connections the broker fills in the sender anyway, | |
1291 | overwriting whatever the client filled in. | |
1292 | ||
1293 | * sd-event gained a new pseudo-handle that may be specified on all API | |
1294 | calls where an "sd_event*" object is expected: SD_EVENT_DEFAULT. When | |
1295 | used this refers to the default event loop object of the calling | |
1296 | thread. Note however that this does not implicitly allocate one — | |
6cddc792 CR |
1297 | which has to be done prior by using sd_event_default(). Similarly |
1298 | sd-bus gained three new pseudo-handles SD_BUS_DEFAULT, | |
95894b91 LP |
1299 | SD_BUS_DEFAULT_USER, SD_BUS_DEFAULT_SYSTEM that may be used to refer |
1300 | to the default bus of the specified type of the calling thread. Here | |
1301 | too this does not implicitly allocate bus connection objects, this | |
1302 | has to be done prior with sd_bus_default() and friends. | |
1303 | ||
1304 | * sd-event gained a new call pair | |
6cddc792 CR |
1305 | sd_event_source_{get|set}_io_fd_own(). This may be used to request |
1306 | automatic closure of the file descriptor an IO event source watches | |
95894b91 LP |
1307 | when the event source is destroyed. |
1308 | ||
1309 | * systemd-networkd gained support for natively configuring WireGuard | |
1310 | connections. | |
1311 | ||
6cddc792 CR |
1312 | * In previous versions systemd synthesized user records both for the |
1313 | "nobody" (UID 65534) and "root" (UID 0) users in nss-systemd and | |
1314 | internally. In order to simplify distribution-wide renames of the | |
95894b91 LP |
1315 | "nobody" user (like it is planned in Fedora: nfsnobody → nobody), a |
1316 | new transitional flag file has been added: if | |
1317 | /etc/systemd/dont-synthesize-nobody exists synthesizing of the 65534 | |
1318 | user and group record within the systemd codebase is disabled. | |
1319 | ||
1320 | * systemd-notify gained a new --uid= option for selecting the source | |
1321 | user/UID to use for notification messages sent to the service | |
1322 | manager. | |
1323 | ||
31751f7e | 1324 | * journalctl gained a new --grep= option to list only entries in which |
e6501af8 ZJS |
1325 | the message matches a certain pattern. By default matching is case |
1326 | insensitive if the pattern is lowercase, and case sensitive | |
1327 | otherwise. Option --case-sensitive=yes|no can be used to override | |
1328 | this an specify case sensitivity or case insensitivity. | |
1329 | ||
56a29112 | 1330 | * There's now a "systemd-analyze service-watchdogs" command for printing |
508058c9 | 1331 | the current state of the service runtime watchdog, and optionally |
56a29112 | 1332 | enabling or disabling the per-service watchdogs system-wide if given a |
508058c9 LP |
1333 | boolean argument (i.e. the concept you configure in WatchdogSec=), for |
1334 | debugging purposes. There's also a kernel command line option | |
56a29112 | 1335 | systemd.service_watchdogs= for controlling the same. |
508058c9 LP |
1336 | |
1337 | * Two new "log-level" and "log-target" options for systemd-analyze were | |
bc99dac5 | 1338 | added that merge the now deprecated get-log-level, set-log-level and |
508058c9 LP |
1339 | get-log-target, set-log-target pairs. The deprecated options are still |
1340 | understood for backwards compatibility. The two new options print the | |
1341 | current value when no arguments are given, and set them when a | |
56a29112 | 1342 | level/target is given as an argument. |
95894b91 | 1343 | |
508058c9 LP |
1344 | * sysusers.d's "u" lines now optionally accept both a UID and a GID |
1345 | specification, separated by a ":" character, in order to create users | |
1346 | where UID and GID do not match. | |
1347 | ||
95894b91 | 1348 | Contributions from: Adam Duskett, Alan Jenkins, Alexander Kuleshov, |
508058c9 LP |
1349 | Alexis Deruelle, Andrew Jeddeloh, Armin Widegreen, Batuhan Osman |
1350 | Taşkaya, Björn Esser, bleep_blop, Bruce A. Johnson, Chris Down, Clinton | |
1351 | Roy, Colin Walters, Daniel Rusek, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dmitry Rozhkov, | |
1352 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Ewout van Mansom, Felipe Sateler, Franck Bui, | |
1353 | Frantisek Sumsal, George Gaydarov, Gianluca Boiano, Hans-Christian | |
1354 | Noren Egtvedt, Hans de Goede, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jan Alexander | |
1355 | Steffens, Jan Klötzke, Jason A. Donenfeld, jdkbx, Jérémy Rosen, | |
1356 | Jerónimo Borque, John Lin, John Paul Herold, Jonathan Rudenberg, Jörg | |
1357 | Thalheim, Ken (Bitsko) MacLeod, Larry Bernstone, Lennart Poettering, | |
1358 | Lucas Werkmeister, Maciej S. Szmigiero, Marek Čermák, Martin Pitt, | |
1359 | Mathieu Malaterre, Matthew Thode, Matthias-Christian Ott, Max Harmathy, | |
1360 | Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
1361 | Szczepański, Mike Gilbert, Nathaniel McCallum, Nicolas Chauvet, Olaf | |
1362 | Hering, Olivier Schwander, Patrik Flykt, Paul Cercueil, Peter Hutterer, | |
1363 | Piotr Drąg, Raphael Vogelgsang, Reverend Homer, Robert Kolchmeyer, | |
1364 | Samuel Dionne-Riel, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Susant Sahani, | |
1365 | Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Thomas Huth, Tomasz | |
1366 | Bachorski, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Wieland Hoffmann, Yu Watanabe, Zachary | |
1367 | Winnerman, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Дамјан Георгиевски, Дилян | |
1368 | Палаузов | |
1369 | ||
1370 | — Brno, 2018-01-28 | |
2b0c59ba | 1371 | |
a1b2c92d | 1372 | CHANGES WITH 236: |
195b943d | 1373 | |
89780840 ZJS |
1374 | * The modprobe.d/ drop-in for the bonding.ko kernel module introduced |
1375 | in v235 has been extended to also set the dummy.ko module option | |
1376 | numdummies=0, preventing the kernel from automatically creating | |
1377 | dummy0. All dummy interfaces must now be explicitly created. | |
195b943d | 1378 | |
3925496a LP |
1379 | * Unknown '%' specifiers in configuration files are now rejected. This |
1380 | applies to units and tmpfiles.d configuration. Any percent characters | |
1381 | that are followed by a letter or digit that are not supposed to be | |
1382 | interpreted as the beginning of a specifier should be escaped by | |
1383 | doubling ("%%"). (So "size=5%" is still accepted, as well as | |
1384 | "size=5%,foo=bar", but not "LABEL=x%y%z" since %y and %z are not | |
1385 | valid specifiers today.) | |
751223fe | 1386 | |
e6b2d948 | 1387 | * systemd-resolved now maintains a new dynamic |
89780840 ZJS |
1388 | /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf compatibility file. It is |
1389 | recommended to make /etc/resolv.conf a symlink to it. This file | |
1390 | points at the systemd-resolved stub DNS 127.0.0.53 resolver and | |
1391 | includes dynamically acquired search domains, achieving more correct | |
1392 | DNS resolution by software that bypasses local DNS APIs such as NSS. | |
e6b2d948 | 1393 | |
67eb5b38 LP |
1394 | * The "uaccess" udev tag has been dropped from /dev/kvm and |
1395 | /dev/dri/renderD*. These devices now have the 0666 permissions by | |
1396 | default (but this may be changed at build-time). /dev/dri/renderD* | |
1397 | will now be owned by the "render" group along with /dev/kfd. | |
1398 | ||
89780840 ZJS |
1399 | * "DynamicUser=yes" has been enabled for systemd-timesyncd.service, |
1400 | systemd-journal-gatewayd.service and | |
1401 | systemd-journal-upload.service. This means "nss-systemd" must be | |
1402 | enabled in /etc/nsswitch.conf to ensure the UIDs assigned to these | |
1403 | services are resolved properly. | |
67eb5b38 | 1404 | |
3925496a LP |
1405 | * In /etc/fstab two new mount options are now understood: |
1406 | x-systemd.makefs and x-systemd.growfs. The former has the effect that | |
1407 | the configured file system is formatted before it is mounted, the | |
1408 | latter that the file system is resized to the full block device size | |
1409 | after it is mounted (i.e. if the file system is smaller than the | |
1410 | partition it resides on, it's grown). This is similar to the fsck | |
1411 | logic in /etc/fstab, and pulls in systemd-makefs@.service and | |
1412 | systemd-growfs@.service as necessary, similar to | |
1413 | systemd-fsck@.service. Resizing is currently only supported on ext4 | |
1414 | and btrfs. | |
1415 | ||
67eb5b38 LP |
1416 | * In systemd-networkd, the IPv6 RA logic now optionally may announce |
1417 | DNS server and domain information. | |
1418 | ||
1419 | * Support for the LUKS2 on-disk format for encrypted partitions has | |
1420 | been added. This requires libcryptsetup2 during compilation and | |
1421 | runtime. | |
1422 | ||
89780840 | 1423 | * The systemd --user instance will now signal "readiness" when its |
67eb5b38 LP |
1424 | basic.target unit has been reached, instead of when the run queue ran |
1425 | empty for the first time. | |
1426 | ||
8ea2dcb0 ZJS |
1427 | * Tmpfiles.d with user configuration are now also supported. |
1428 | systemd-tmpfiles gained a new --user switch, and snippets placed in | |
1429 | ~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/ and corresponding directories will be | |
1430 | executed by systemd-tmpfiles --user running in the new | |
1431 | systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service and systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service | |
1432 | running in the user session. | |
1433 | ||
1434 | * Unit files and tmpfiles.d snippets learnt three new % specifiers: | |
1435 | %S resolves to the top-level state directory (/var/lib for the system | |
1436 | instance, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME for the user instance), %C resolves to the | |
1437 | top-level cache directory (/var/cache for the system instance, | |
1438 | $XDG_CACHE_HOME for the user instance), %L resolves to the top-level | |
1439 | logs directory (/var/log for the system instance, | |
67eb5b38 | 1440 | $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/log/ for the user instance). This matches the |
8ea2dcb0 | 1441 | existing %t specifier, that resolves to the top-level runtime |
67eb5b38 LP |
1442 | directory (/run for the system instance, and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR for the |
1443 | user instance). | |
1444 | ||
1445 | * journalctl learnt a new parameter --output-fields= for limiting the | |
1446 | set of journal fields to output in verbose and JSON output modes. | |
1447 | ||
1448 | * systemd-timesyncd's configuration file gained a new option | |
89780840 ZJS |
1449 | RootDistanceMaxSec= for setting the maximum root distance of servers |
1450 | it'll use, as well as the new options PollIntervalMinSec= and | |
1451 | PollIntervalMaxSec= to tweak the minimum and maximum poll interval. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
1452 | |
1453 | * bootctl gained a new command "list" for listing all available boot | |
89780840 | 1454 | menu items on systems that follow the boot loader specification. |
67eb5b38 LP |
1455 | |
1456 | * systemctl gained a new --dry-run switch that shows what would be done | |
1457 | instead of doing it, and is currently supported by the shutdown and | |
1458 | sleep verbs. | |
1459 | ||
e9ad86d5 | 1460 | * ConditionSecurity= can now detect the TOMOYO security module. |
67eb5b38 LP |
1461 | |
1462 | * Unit file [Install] sections are now also respected in unit drop-in | |
89780840 | 1463 | files. This is intended to be used by drop-ins under /usr/lib/. |
67eb5b38 | 1464 | |
89780840 | 1465 | * systemd-firstboot may now also set the initial keyboard mapping. |
67eb5b38 | 1466 | |
89780840 ZJS |
1467 | * Udev "changed" events for devices which are exposed as systemd |
1468 | .device units are now propagated to units specified in | |
1469 | ReloadPropagatedFrom= as reload requests. | |
67eb5b38 | 1470 | |
89780840 ZJS |
1471 | * If a udev device has a SYSTEMD_WANTS= property containing a systemd |
1472 | unit template name (i.e. a name in the form of 'foobar@.service', | |
1473 | without the instance component between the '@' and - the '.'), then | |
1474 | the escaped sysfs path of the device is automatically used as the | |
1475 | instance. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
1476 | |
1477 | * SystemCallFilter= in unit files has been extended so that an "errno" | |
1478 | can be specified individually for each system call. Example: | |
1479 | SystemCallFilter=~uname:EILSEQ. | |
1480 | ||
1481 | * The cgroup delegation logic has been substantially updated. Delegate= | |
1482 | now optionally takes a list of controllers (instead of a boolean, as | |
1483 | before), which lists the controllers to delegate at least. | |
1484 | ||
89780840 | 1485 | * The networkd DHCPv6 client now implements the FQDN option (RFC 4704). |
67eb5b38 | 1486 | |
89780840 ZJS |
1487 | * A new LogLevelMax= setting configures the maximum log level any |
1488 | process of the service may log at (i.e. anything with a lesser | |
1489 | priority than what is specified is automatically dropped). A new | |
1490 | LogExtraFields= setting allows configuration of additional journal | |
1491 | fields to attach to all log records generated by any of the unit's | |
1492 | processes. | |
67eb5b38 | 1493 | |
89780840 ZJS |
1494 | * New StandardInputData= and StandardInputText= settings along with the |
1495 | new option StandardInput=data may be used to configure textual or | |
1496 | binary data that shall be passed to the executed service process via | |
1497 | standard input, encoded in-line in the unit file. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
1498 | |
1499 | * StandardInput=, StandardOutput= and StandardError= may now be used to | |
1500 | connect stdin/stdout/stderr of executed processes directly with a | |
1501 | file or AF_UNIX socket in the file system, using the new "file:" option. | |
1502 | ||
89780840 ZJS |
1503 | * A new unit file option CollectMode= has been added, that allows |
1504 | tweaking the garbage collection logic for units. It may be used to | |
1505 | tell systemd to garbage collect units that have failed automatically | |
1506 | (normally it only GCs units that exited successfully). systemd-run | |
1507 | and systemd-mount expose this new functionality with a new -G option. | |
1508 | ||
67eb5b38 LP |
1509 | * "machinectl bind" may now be used to bind mount non-directories |
1510 | (i.e. regularfiles, devices, fifos, sockets). | |
1511 | ||
1512 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "calendar" for validating and | |
1513 | testing calendar time specifications to use for OnCalendar= in timer | |
1514 | units. Besides validating the expression it will calculate the next | |
1515 | time the specified expression would elapse. | |
1516 | ||
1517 | * In addition to the pre-existing FailureAction= unit file setting | |
89780840 ZJS |
1518 | there's now SuccessAction=, for configuring a shutdown action to |
1519 | execute when a unit completes successfully. This is useful in | |
1520 | particular inside containers that shall terminate after some workload | |
1521 | has been completed. Also, both options are now supported for all unit | |
1522 | types, not just services. | |
67eb5b38 LP |
1523 | |
1524 | * networkds's IP rule support gained two new options | |
dd014eeb | 1525 | IncomingInterface= and OutgoingInterface= for configuring the incoming |
67eb5b38 LP |
1526 | and outgoing interfaces of configured rules. systemd-networkd also |
1527 | gained support for "vxcan" network devices. | |
1528 | ||
1529 | * networkd gained a new setting RequiredForOnline=, taking a | |
1530 | boolean. If set, systemd-wait-online will take it into consideration | |
1531 | when determining that the system is up, otherwise it will ignore the | |
1532 | interface for this purpose. | |
1533 | ||
1534 | * The sd_notify() protocol gained support for a new operation: with | |
1535 | FDSTOREREMOVE=1 file descriptors may be removed from the per-service | |
1536 | store again, ahead of POLLHUP or POLLERR when they are removed | |
1537 | anyway. | |
1538 | ||
f09eb768 LP |
1539 | * A new document doc/UIDS-GIDS.md has been added to the source tree, |
1540 | that documents the UID/GID range and assignment assumptions and | |
3925496a LP |
1541 | requirements of systemd. |
1542 | ||
1543 | * The watchdog device PID 1 will ping may now be configured through the | |
1544 | WatchdogDevice= configuration file setting, or by setting the | |
1545 | systemd.watchdog_service= kernel commandline option. | |
1546 | ||
1547 | * systemd-resolved's gained support for registering DNS-SD services on | |
1548 | the local network using MulticastDNS. Services may either be | |
1549 | registered by dropping in a .dnssd file in /etc/systemd/dnssd/ (or | |
1550 | the same dir below /run, /usr/lib), or through its D-Bus API. | |
1551 | ||
a327431b DB |
1552 | * The sd_notify() protocol can now with EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=microsecond |
1553 | extend the effective start, runtime, and stop time. The service must | |
1554 | continue to send EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC within the period specified to | |
1555 | prevent the service manager from making the service as timedout. | |
1556 | ||
ea2a3c9e LP |
1557 | * systemd-resolved's DNSSEC support gained support for RFC 8080 |
1558 | (Ed25519 keys and signatures). | |
1559 | ||
a1b2c92d LP |
1560 | * The systemd-resolve command line tool gained a new set of options |
1561 | --set-dns=, --set-domain=, --set-llmnr=, --set-mdns=, --set-dnssec=, | |
1562 | --set-nta= and --revert to configure per-interface DNS configuration | |
1563 | dynamically during runtime. It's useful for pushing DNS information | |
1564 | into systemd-resolved from DNS hook scripts that various interface | |
1565 | managing software supports (such as pppd). | |
1566 | ||
1567 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-namespace-path= command line | |
1568 | option, which may be used to make a container join an existing | |
1569 | network namespace, by specifying a path to a "netns" file. | |
1570 | ||
3925496a LP |
1571 | Contributions from: Alan Jenkins, Alan Robertson, Alessandro Ghedini, |
1572 | Andrew Jeddeloh, Antonio Rojas, Ari, asavah, bleep_blop, Carsten | |
1573 | Strotmann, Christian Brauner, Christian Hesse, Clinton Roy, Collin | |
ea2a3c9e | 1574 | Eggert, Cong Wang, Daniel Black, Daniel Lockyer, Daniel Rusek, Dimitri |
a1b2c92d LP |
1575 | John Ledkov, Dmitry Rozhkov, Dongsu Park, Edward A. James, Evgeny |
1576 | Vereshchagin, Florian Klink, Franck Bui, Gwendal Grignou, Hans de | |
1577 | Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Ikey Doherty, | |
1578 | Jakub Wilk, Jérémy Rosen, Jiahui Xie, John Lin, José Bollo, Josef | |
1579 | Andersson, juga0, Krzysztof Nowicki, Kyle Walker, Lars Karlitski, Lars | |
1580 | Kellogg-Stedman, Lauri Tirkkonen, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, | |
1581 | Luca Bruno, Lucas Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Lukáš Říha, Lukasz | |
1582 | Rubaszewski, Maciej S. Szmigiero, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcus Folkesson, | |
1583 | Martin Steuer, Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre, Matija Skala, | |
1584 | Matthias-Christian Ott, Max Resch, Michael Biebl, Michael Vogt, Michal | |
1585 | Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, Neil Brown, Olaf | |
1586 | Hering, Ondrej Kozina, Patrik Flykt, Patryk Kocielnik, Peter Hutterer, | |
1587 | Piotr Drąg, Razvan Cojocaru, Robin McCorkell, Roland Hieber, Saran | |
1588 | Tunyasuvunakool, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Shuang Liu, Simon | |
1589 | Arlott, Simon Peeters, Stanislav Angelovič, Stefan Agner, Susant | |
1590 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Tiago Salem | |
1591 | Herrmann, Tinu Weber, Tom Stellard, Topi Miettinen, Torsten Hilbrich, | |
1592 | Vito Caputo, Vladislav Vishnyakov, WaLyong Cho, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
1593 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeal Jagannatha | |
67eb5b38 | 1594 | |
ea2a3c9e | 1595 | — Berlin, 2017-12-14 |
3754abc5 | 1596 | |
582faeb4 DJL |
1597 | CHANGES WITH 235: |
1598 | ||
2bcbffd6 LP |
1599 | * INCOMPATIBILITY: systemd-logind.service and other long-running |
1600 | services now run inside an IPv4/IPv6 sandbox, prohibiting them any IP | |
1601 | communication with the outside. This generally improves security of | |
1602 | the system, and is in almost all cases a safe and good choice, as | |
23d37367 | 1603 | these services do not and should not provide any network-facing |
2bcbffd6 LP |
1604 | functionality. However, systemd-logind uses the glibc NSS API to |
1605 | query the user database. This creates problems on systems where NSS | |
1606 | is set up to directly consult network services for user database | |
1607 | lookups. In particular, this creates incompatibilities with the | |
1608 | "nss-nis" module, which attempts to directly contact the NIS/YP | |
1609 | network servers it is configured for, and will now consistently | |
1610 | fail. In such cases, it is possible to turn off IP sandboxing for | |
1611 | systemd-logind.service (set IPAddressDeny= in its [Service] section | |
1612 | to the empty string, via a .d/ unit file drop-in). Downstream | |
1613 | distributions might want to update their nss-nis packaging to include | |
1614 | such a drop-in snippet, accordingly, to hide this incompatibility | |
1615 | from the user. Another option is to make use of glibc's nscd service | |
1616 | to proxy such network requests through a privilege-separated, minimal | |
1617 | local caching daemon, or to switch to more modern technologies such | |
1618 | sssd, whose NSS hook-ups generally do not involve direct network | |
1619 | access. In general, we think it's definitely time to question the | |
1620 | implementation choices of nss-nis, i.e. whether it's a good idea | |
1621 | today to embed a network-facing loadable module into all local | |
1622 | processes that need to query the user database, including the most | |
1623 | trivial and benign ones, such as "ls". For more details about | |
1624 | IPAddressDeny= see below. | |
1625 | ||
fccf5419 LP |
1626 | * A new modprobe.d drop-in is now shipped by default that sets the |
1627 | bonding module option max_bonds=0. This overrides the kernel default, | |
1628 | to avoid conflicts and ambiguity as to whether or not bond0 should be | |
1629 | managed by systemd-networkd or not. This resolves multiple issues | |
1630 | with bond0 properties not being applied, when bond0 is configured | |
1631 | with systemd-networkd. Distributors may choose to not package this, | |
1632 | however in that case users will be prevented from correctly managing | |
1633 | bond0 interface using systemd-networkd. | |
582faeb4 | 1634 | |
ef5a8cb1 | 1635 | * systemd-analyze gained new verbs "get-log-level" and "get-log-target" |
21723f53 ZJS |
1636 | which print the logging level and target of the system manager. They |
1637 | complement the existing "set-log-level" and "set-log-target" verbs | |
1638 | used to change those values. | |
ef5a8cb1 | 1639 | |
fccf5419 LP |
1640 | * journald.conf gained a new boolean setting ReadKMsg= which defaults |
1641 | to on. If turned off kernel log messages will not be read by | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1642 | systemd-journald or included in the logs. It also gained a new |
1643 | setting LineMax= for configuring the maximum line length in | |
1644 | STDOUT/STDERR log streams. The new default for this value is 48K, up | |
1645 | from the previous hardcoded 2048. | |
fccf5419 | 1646 | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1647 | * A new unit setting RuntimeDirectoryPreserve= has been added, which |
1648 | allows more detailed control of what to do with a runtime directory | |
1649 | configured with RuntimeDirectory= (i.e. a directory below /run or | |
1650 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR) after a unit is stopped. | |
fccf5419 LP |
1651 | |
1652 | * The RuntimeDirectory= setting for units gained support for creating | |
1653 | deeper subdirectories below /run or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, instead of just | |
1654 | one top-level directory. | |
1655 | ||
1656 | * Units gained new options StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, | |
1657 | LogsDirectory= and ConfigurationDirectory= which are closely related | |
1658 | to RuntimeDirectory= but manage per-service directories below | |
21723f53 | 1659 | /var/lib, /var/cache, /var/log and /etc. By making use of them it is |
fccf5419 LP |
1660 | possible to write unit files which when activated automatically gain |
1661 | properly owned service specific directories in these locations, thus | |
1662 | making unit files self-contained and increasing compatibility with | |
1663 | stateless systems and factory reset where /etc or /var are | |
1664 | unpopulated at boot. Matching these new settings there's also | |
1665 | StateDirectoryMode=, CacheDirectoryMode=, LogsDirectoryMode=, | |
1666 | ConfigurationDirectoryMode= for configuring the access mode of these | |
75dfbbac LP |
1667 | directories. These settings are particularly useful in combination |
1668 | with DynamicUser=yes as they provide secure, properly-owned, | |
1669 | writable, and stateful locations for storage, excluded from the | |
1670 | sandbox that such services live in otherwise. | |
fccf5419 LP |
1671 | |
1672 | * Automake support has been removed from this release. systemd is now | |
1673 | Meson-only. | |
1674 | ||
1675 | * systemd-journald will now aggressively cache client metadata during | |
1676 | runtime, speeding up log write performance under pressure. This comes | |
1677 | at a small price though: as much of the metadata is read | |
1678 | asynchronously from /proc/ (and isn't implicitly attached to log | |
1679 | datagrams by the kernel, like UID/GID/PID/SELinux are) this means the | |
1680 | metadata stored alongside a log entry might be slightly | |
1681 | out-of-date. Previously it could only be slightly newer than the log | |
1682 | message. The time window is small however, and given that the kernel | |
1683 | is unlikely to be improved anytime soon in this regard, this appears | |
1684 | acceptable to us. | |
1685 | ||
1686 | * nss-myhostname/systemd-resolved will now by default synthesize an | |
1687 | A/AAAA resource record for the "_gateway" hostname, pointing to the | |
1688 | current default IP gateway. Previously it did that for the "gateway" | |
1689 | name, hampering adoption, as some distributions wanted to leave that | |
1690 | host name open for local use. The old behaviour may still be | |
1691 | requested at build time. | |
1692 | ||
1693 | * systemd-networkd's [Address] section in .network files gained a new | |
1694 | Scope= setting for configuring the IP address scope. The [Network] | |
1695 | section gained a new boolean setting ConfigureWithoutCarrier= that | |
1696 | tells systemd-networkd to ignore link sensing when configuring the | |
1697 | device. The [DHCP] section gained a new Anonymize= boolean option for | |
1698 | turning on a number of options suggested in RFC 7844. A new | |
1699 | [RoutingPolicyRule] section has been added for configuring the IP | |
1700 | routing policy. The [Route] section has gained support for a new | |
1701 | Type= setting which permits configuring | |
1702 | blackhole/unreachable/prohibit routes. | |
1703 | ||
1704 | * The [VRF] section in .netdev files gained a new Table= setting for | |
1705 | configuring the routing table to use. The [Tunnel] section gained a | |
1706 | new Independent= boolean field for configuring tunnels independent of | |
1707 | an underlying network interface. The [Bridge] section gained a new | |
1708 | GroupForwardMask= option for configuration of propagation of link | |
1709 | local frames between bridge ports. | |
1710 | ||
1711 | * The WakeOnLan= setting in .link files gained support for a number of | |
1712 | new modes. A new TCP6SegmentationOffload= setting has been added for | |
1713 | configuring TCP/IPv6 hardware segmentation offload. | |
1714 | ||
1715 | * The IPv6 RA sender implementation may now optionally send out RDNSS | |
21723f53 | 1716 | and RDNSSL records to supply DNS configuration to peers. |
fccf5419 LP |
1717 | |
1718 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for a new --system-call-filter= command | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1719 | line option for adding and removing entries in the default system |
1720 | call filter it applies. Moreover systemd-nspawn has been changed to | |
fccf5419 LP |
1721 | implement a system call whitelist instead of a blacklist. |
1722 | ||
1723 | * systemd-run gained support for a new --pipe command line option. If | |
1724 | used the STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR file descriptors passed to systemd-run | |
1725 | are directly passed on to the activated transient service | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1726 | executable. This allows invoking arbitrary processes as systemd |
1727 | services (for example to take benefit of dependency management, | |
1728 | accounting management, resource management or log management that is | |
1729 | done automatically for services) — while still allowing them to be | |
fccf5419 LP |
1730 | integrated in a classic UNIX shell pipeline. |
1731 | ||
1732 | * When a service sends RELOAD=1 via sd_notify() and reload propagation | |
1733 | using ReloadPropagationTo= is configured, a reload is now propagated | |
1734 | to configured units. (Previously this was only done on explicitly | |
1735 | requested reloads, using "systemctl reload" or an equivalent | |
1736 | command.) | |
1737 | ||
1738 | * For each service unit a restart counter is now kept: it is increased | |
1739 | each time the service is restarted due to Restart=, and may be | |
1740 | queried using "systemctl show -p NRestarts …". | |
1741 | ||
44898c53 LP |
1742 | * New system call filter groups @aio, @sync, @chown, @setuid, @memlock, |
1743 | @signal and @timer have been added, for usage with SystemCallFilter= | |
fccf5419 LP |
1744 | in unit files and the new --system-call-filter= command line option |
1745 | of systemd-nspawn (see above). | |
1746 | ||
1747 | * ExecStart= lines in unit files gained two new modifiers: when a | |
1748 | command line is prefixed with "!" the command will be executed as | |
1749 | configured, except for the credentials applied by | |
1750 | setuid()/setgid()/setgroups(). It is very similar to the pre-existing | |
1751 | "+", but does still apply namespacing options unlike "+". There's | |
1752 | also "!!" now, which is mostly identical, but becomes a NOP on | |
1753 | systems that support ambient capabilities. This is useful to write | |
1754 | unit files that work with ambient capabilities where possible but | |
1755 | automatically fall back to traditional privilege dropping mechanisms | |
1756 | on systems where this is not supported. | |
1757 | ||
1758 | * ListenNetlink= settings in socket units now support RDMA netlink | |
1759 | sockets. | |
1760 | ||
1761 | * A new unit file setting LockPersonality= has been added which permits | |
1762 | locking down the chosen execution domain ("personality") of a service | |
1763 | during runtime. | |
1764 | ||
1765 | * A new special target "getty-pre.target" has been added, which is | |
1766 | ordered before all text logins, and may be used to order services | |
21723f53 | 1767 | before textual logins acquire access to the console. |
fccf5419 LP |
1768 | |
1769 | * systemd will now attempt to load the virtio-rng.ko kernel module very | |
1770 | early on if a VM environment supporting this is detected. This should | |
1771 | improve entropy during early boot in virtualized environments. | |
1772 | ||
1773 | * A _netdev option is now supported in /etc/crypttab that operates in a | |
1774 | similar way as the same option in /etc/fstab: it permits configuring | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1775 | encrypted devices that need to be ordered after the network is up. |
1776 | Following this logic, two new special targets | |
fccf5419 | 1777 | remote-cryptsetup-pre.target and remote-cryptsetup.target have been |
21723f53 ZJS |
1778 | added that are to cryptsetup.target what remote-fs.target and |
1779 | remote-fs-pre.target are to local-fs.target. | |
fccf5419 LP |
1780 | |
1781 | * Service units gained a new UnsetEnvironment= setting which permits | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1782 | unsetting specific environment variables for services that are |
1783 | normally passed to it (for example in order to mask out locale | |
fccf5419 LP |
1784 | settings for specific services that can't deal with it). |
1785 | ||
1786 | * Units acquired a new boolean option IPAccounting=. When turned on, IP | |
1787 | traffic accounting (packet count as well as byte count) is done for | |
1788 | the service, and shown as part of "systemctl status" or "systemd-run | |
1789 | --wait". | |
1790 | ||
1791 | * Service units acquired two new options IPAddressAllow= and | |
1792 | IPAddressDeny=, taking a list of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses and masks, | |
1793 | for configuring a simple IP access control list for all sockets of | |
1794 | the unit. These options are available also on .slice and .socket | |
1795 | units, permitting flexible access list configuration for individual | |
1796 | services as well as groups of services (as defined by a slice unit), | |
1797 | including system-wide. Note that IP ACLs configured this way are | |
1798 | enforced on every single IPv4 and IPv6 socket created by any process | |
1799 | of the service unit, and apply to ingress as well as egress traffic. | |
1800 | ||
21723f53 | 1801 | * If CPUAccounting= or IPAccounting= is turned on for a unit a new |
608f70e6 | 1802 | structured log message is generated each time the unit is stopped, |
fccf5419 LP |
1803 | containing information about the consumed resources of this |
1804 | invocation. | |
1805 | ||
1806 | * A new setting KeyringMode= has been added to unit files, which may be | |
1807 | used to control how the kernel keyring is set up for executed | |
1808 | processes. | |
1809 | ||
e06fafb2 LP |
1810 | * "systemctl poweroff", "systemctl reboot", "systemctl halt", |
1811 | "systemctl kexec" and "systemctl exit" are now always asynchronous in | |
1812 | behaviour (that is: these commands return immediately after the | |
21723f53 ZJS |
1813 | operation was enqueued instead of waiting for the operation to |
1814 | complete). Previously, "systemctl poweroff" and "systemctl reboot" | |
e06fafb2 LP |
1815 | were asynchronous on systems using systemd-logind (i.e. almost |
1816 | always, and like they were on sysvinit), and the other three commands | |
1817 | were unconditionally synchronous. With this release this is cleaned | |
1818 | up, and callers will see the same asynchronous behaviour on all | |
1819 | systems for all five operations. | |
1820 | ||
1821 | * systemd-logind gained new Halt() and CanHalt() bus calls for halting | |
1822 | the system. | |
1823 | ||
fccf5419 LP |
1824 | * .timer units now accept calendar specifications in other timezones |
1825 | than UTC or the local timezone. | |
1826 | ||
f6e64b78 | 1827 | * The tmpfiles snippet var.conf has been changed to create |
21723f53 ZJS |
1828 | /var/log/btmp with access mode 0660 instead of 0600. It was owned by |
1829 | the "utmp" group already, and it appears to be generally understood | |
1830 | that members of "utmp" can modify/flush the utmp/wtmp/lastlog/btmp | |
1831 | databases. Previously this was implemented correctly for all these | |
1832 | databases excepts btmp, which has been opened up like this now | |
1833 | too. Note that while the other databases are world-readable | |
1834 | (i.e. 0644), btmp is not and remains more restrictive. | |
f6e64b78 | 1835 | |
d55b0463 LP |
1836 | * The systemd-resolve tool gained a new --reset-server-features |
1837 | switch. When invoked like this systemd-resolved will forget | |
1838 | everything it learnt about the features supported by the configured | |
1839 | upstream DNS servers, and restarts the feature probing logic on the | |
cf84484a LP |
1840 | next resolver look-up for them at the highest feature level |
1841 | again. | |
1842 | ||
1843 | * The status dump systemd-resolved sends to the logs upon receiving | |
1844 | SIGUSR1 now also includes information about all DNS servers it is | |
1845 | configured to use, and the features levels it probed for them. | |
d55b0463 | 1846 | |
fccf5419 LP |
1847 | Contributions from: Abdó Roig-Maranges, Alan Jenkins, Alexander |
1848 | Kuleshov, Andreas Rammhold, Andrew Jeddeloh, Andrew Soutar, Ansgar | |
76451c1d LP |
1849 | Burchardt, Beniamino Galvani, Benjamin Berg, Benjamin Robin, Charles |
1850 | Huber, Christian Hesse, Daniel Berrange, Daniel Kahn Gillmor, Daniel | |
1851 | Mack, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Șerbănescu, Davide Cavalca, Dimitri John | |
1852 | Ledkov, Diogo Pereira, Djalal Harouni, Dmitriy Geels, Dmitry Torokhov, | |
1853 | ettavolt, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Fabio Kung, Felipe Sateler, Franck Bui, | |
1854 | Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Insun Pyo, Ivan Kurnosov, Ivan Shapovalov, | |
1855 | Jakub Wilk, Jan Synacek, Jason Gunthorpe, Jeremy Bicha, Jérémy Rosen, | |
1856 | John Lin, jonasBoss, Jonathan Lebon, Jonathan Teh, Jon Ringle, Jörg | |
1857 | Thalheim, Jouke Witteveen, juga0, Justin Capella, Justin Michaud, | |
1858 | Kai-Heng Feng, Lennart Poettering, Lion Yang, Luca Bruno, Lucas | |
1859 | Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Marcel Hollerbach, Marcus Lundblad, Martin | |
1860 | Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Grzeschik, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, | |
1861 | Neil Brown, Nicolas Iooss, Patrik Flykt, pEJipE, Piotr Drąg, Russell | |
1862 | Stuart, S. Fan, Shengyao Xue, Stefan Pietsch, Susant Sahani, Tejun Heo, | |
1863 | Thomas Miller, Thomas Sailer, Tobias Hunger, Tomasz Pala, Tom | |
1864 | Gundersen, Tommi Rantala, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, userwithuid, | |
1865 | Vasilis Liaskovitis, Vito Caputo, WaLyong Cho, William Douglas, Xiang | |
1866 | Fan, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
fccf5419 | 1867 | |
c1719d8b | 1868 | — Berlin, 2017-10-06 |
fccf5419 | 1869 | |
4b4da299 LP |
1870 | CHANGES WITH 234: |
1871 | ||
1872 | * Meson is now supported as build system in addition to Automake. It is | |
1873 | our plan to remove Automake in one of our next releases, so that | |
1874 | Meson becomes our exclusive build system. Hence, please start using | |
1875 | the Meson build system in your downstream packaging. There's plenty | |
1876 | of documentation around how to use Meson, the extremely brief | |
1877 | summary: | |
1878 | ||
1879 | ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && sudo make install | |
1880 | ||
1881 | becomes: | |
1882 | ||
1883 | meson build && ninja -C build && sudo ninja -C build install | |
1884 | ||
1885 | * Unit files gained support for a new JobRunningTimeoutUSec= setting, | |
1886 | which permits configuring a timeout on the time a job is | |
1887 | running. This is particularly useful for setting timeouts on jobs for | |
1888 | .device units. | |
1889 | ||
1890 | * Unit files gained two new options ConditionUser= and ConditionGroup= | |
1891 | for conditionalizing units based on the identity of the user/group | |
1892 | running a systemd user instance. | |
1893 | ||
1894 | * systemd-networkd now understands a new FlowLabel= setting in the | |
1895 | [VXLAN] section of .network files, as well as a Priority= in | |
1896 | [Bridge], GVRP= + MVRP= + LooseBinding= + ReorderHeader= in [VLAN] | |
1897 | and GatewayOnlink= + IPv6Preference= + Protocol= in [Route]. It also | |
1898 | gained support for configuration of GENEVE links, and IPv6 address | |
1899 | labels. The [Network] section gained the new IPv6ProxyNDP= setting. | |
1900 | ||
9f09a95a | 1901 | * .link files now understand a new Port= setting. |
4b4da299 LP |
1902 | |
1903 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP support gained support for DHCP option 119 | |
1904 | (domain search list). | |
1905 | ||
1906 | * systemd-networkd gained support for serving IPv6 address ranges using | |
bc99dac5 | 1907 | the Router Advertisement protocol. The new .network configuration |
4b4da299 LP |
1908 | section [IPv6Prefix] may be used to configure the ranges to |
1909 | serve. This is implemented based on a new, minimal, native server | |
1910 | implementation of RA. | |
1911 | ||
1912 | * journalctl's --output= switch gained support for a new parameter | |
1913 | "short-iso-precise" for a mode where timestamps are shown as precise | |
1914 | ISO date values. | |
1915 | ||
1916 | * systemd-udevd's "net_id" builtin may now generate stable network | |
1917 | interface names from IBM PowerVM VIO devices as well as ACPI platform | |
1918 | devices. | |
1919 | ||
1920 | * MulticastDNS support in systemd-resolved may now be explicitly | |
1921 | enabled/disabled using the new MulticastDNS= configuration file | |
1922 | option. | |
1923 | ||
1924 | * systemd-resolved may now optionally use libidn2 instead of the libidn | |
7f7ab228 ZJS |
1925 | for processing internationalized domain names. Support for libidn2 |
1926 | should be considered experimental and should not be enabled by | |
1927 | default yet. | |
4b4da299 LP |
1928 | |
1929 | * "machinectl pull-tar" and related call may now do verification of | |
1930 | downloaded images using SUSE-style .sha256 checksum files in addition | |
1931 | to the already existing support for validating using Ubuntu-style | |
1932 | SHA256SUMS files. | |
1933 | ||
1934 | * sd-bus gained support for a new sd_bus_message_appendv() call which | |
1935 | is va_list equivalent of sd_bus_message_append(). | |
1936 | ||
1937 | * sd-boot gained support for validating images using SHIM/MOK. | |
1938 | ||
1939 | * The SMACK code learnt support for "onlycap". | |
1940 | ||
1941 | * systemd-mount --umount is now much smarter in figuring out how to | |
1942 | properly unmount a device given its mount or device path. | |
5486a31d ZJS |
1943 | |
1944 | * The code to call libnss_dns as a fallback from libnss_resolve when | |
1945 | the communication with systemd-resolved fails was removed. This | |
1946 | fallback was redundant and interfered with the [!UNAVAIL=return] | |
1947 | suffix. See nss-resolve(8) for the recommended configuration. | |
1948 | ||
9f09a95a ZJS |
1949 | * systemd-logind may now be restarted without losing state. It stores |
1950 | the file descriptors for devices it manages in the system manager | |
38d93385 | 1951 | using the FDSTORE= mechanism. Please note that further changes in |
9f09a95a ZJS |
1952 | other components may be required to make use of this (for example |
1953 | Xorg has code to listen for stops of systemd-logind and terminate | |
1954 | itself when logind is stopped or restarted, in order to avoid using | |
1955 | stale file descriptors for graphical devices, which is now | |
1956 | counterproductive and must be reverted in order for restarts of | |
1957 | systemd-logind to be safe. See | |
1958 | https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/commit/?id=dc48bd653c7e101.) | |
1959 | ||
9d8813b3 YW |
1960 | * All kernel install plugins are called with the environment variable |
1961 | KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID which is set to the machine ID given by | |
1962 | /etc/machine-id. If the file is missing or empty, the variable is | |
1963 | empty and BOOT_DIR_ABS is the path of a temporary directory which is | |
38d93385 | 1964 | removed after all the plugins exit. So, if KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID |
9d8813b3 YW |
1965 | is empty, all plugins should not put anything in BOOT_DIR_ABS. |
1966 | ||
184d2c15 | 1967 | Contributions from: Adrian Heine né Lang, Aggelos Avgerinos, Alexander |
ac172e52 LP |
1968 | Kurtz, Alexandros Frantzis, Alexey Brodkin, Alex Lu, Amir Pakdel, Amir |
1969 | Yalon, Anchor Cat, Anthony Parsons, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Gilbert, | |
1970 | Benjamin Robin, Boucman, Charles Plessy, Chris Chiu, Chris Lamb, | |
1971 | Christian Brauner, Christian Hesse, Colin Walters, Daniel Drake, | |
184d2c15 LP |
1972 | Danielle Church, Daniel Molkentin, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Wang, Davide |
1973 | Cavalca, David Herrmann, David Michael, Dax Kelson, Dimitri John | |
1974 | Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, Dušan Kazik, Elias Probst, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
1975 | Federico Di Pierro, Felipe Sateler, Felix Zhang, Franck Bui, Gary | |
ac172e52 LP |
1976 | Tierney, George McCollister, Giedrius Statkevičius, Hans de Goede, |
1977 | hecke, Hendrik Westerberg, Hristo Venev, Ian Wienand, Insun Pyo, Ivan | |
1978 | Shapovalov, James Cowgill, James Hemsing, Janne Heß, Jan Synacek, Jason | |
1979 | Reeder, João Paulo Rechi Vita, John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jörg | |
1980 | Thalheim, Josef Andersson, Josef Gajdusek, Julian Mehne, Kai Krakow, | |
1981 | Krzysztof Jackiewicz, Lars Karlitski, Lennart Poettering, Lluís Gili, | |
1982 | Lucas Werkmeister, Lukáš Nykrýn, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
1983 | Marcin Bachry, Marcus Cooper, Mark Stosberg, Martin Pitt, Matija Skala, | |
1984 | Matt Clarkson, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Greiner, Matthijs van Duin, | |
1985 | Max Resch, Michael Biebl, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletar, Michal | |
1986 | Soltys, Michal Suchanek, Mike Gilbert, Nate Clark, Nathaniel R. Lewis, | |
1987 | Neil Brown, Nikolai Kondrashov, Pascal S. de Kloe, Pat Riehecky, Patrik | |
1988 | Flykt, Paul Kocialkowski, Peter Hutterer, Philip Withnall, Piotr | |
1989 | Szydełko, Rafael Fontenelle, Ray Strode, Richard Maw, Roelf Wichertjes, | |
1990 | Ronny Chevalier, Sarang S. Dalal, Sjoerd Simons, slodki, Stefan | |
1991 | Schweter, Susant Sahani, Ted Wood, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, Thomas | |
184d2c15 LP |
1992 | H. P. Andersen, Timothée Ravier, Tobias Jungel, Tobias Stoeckmann, Tom |
1993 | Gundersen, Tom Yan, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
ac172e52 LP |
1994 | userwithuid, Vito Caputo, Waldemar Brodkorb, WaLyong Cho, Yu, Li-Yu, |
1995 | Yusuke Nojima, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Дамјан | |
1996 | Георгиевски | |
4b4da299 | 1997 | |
ac172e52 | 1998 | — Berlin, 2017-07-12 |
4b4da299 | 1999 | |
a2b53448 | 2000 | CHANGES WITH 233: |
d08ee7cb | 2001 | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2002 | * The "hybrid" control group mode has been modified to improve |
2003 | compatibility with "legacy" cgroups-v1 setups. Specifically, the | |
2004 | "hybrid" setup of /sys/fs/cgroup is now pretty much identical to | |
2005 | "legacy" (including /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd as "name=systemd" named | |
2006 | cgroups-v1 hierarchy), the only externally visible change being that | |
2007 | the cgroups-v2 hierarchy is also mounted, to | |
2008 | /sys/fs/cgroup/unified. This should provide a large degree of | |
2009 | compatibility with "legacy" cgroups-v1, while taking benefit of the | |
2010 | better management capabilities of cgroups-v2. | |
2011 | ||
2012 | * The default control group setup mode may be selected both a boot-time | |
2013 | via a set of kernel command line parameters (specifically: | |
2014 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy= and | |
2015 | systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=), as well as a compile-time | |
2016 | default selected on the configure command line | |
2017 | (--with-default-hierarchy=). The upstream default is "hybrid" | |
2018 | (i.e. the cgroups-v1 + cgroups-v2 mixture discussed above) now, but | |
2019 | this will change in a future systemd version to be "unified" (pure | |
2020 | cgroups-v2 mode). The third option for the compile time option is | |
2021 | "legacy", to enter pure cgroups-v1 mode. We recommend downstream | |
2022 | distributions to default to "hybrid" mode for release distributions, | |
2023 | starting with v233. We recommend "unified" for development | |
2024 | distributions (specifically: distributions such as Fedora's rawhide) | |
2025 | as that's where things are headed in the long run. Use "legacy" for | |
2026 | greatest stability and compatibility only. | |
2027 | ||
2028 | * Note one current limitation of "unified" and "hybrid" control group | |
2029 | setup modes: the kernel currently does not permit the systemd --user | |
2030 | instance (i.e. unprivileged code) to migrate processes between two | |
2031 | disconnected cgroup subtrees, even if both are managed and owned by | |
2032 | the user. This effectively means "systemd-run --user --scope" doesn't | |
2033 | work when invoked from outside of any "systemd --user" service or | |
2034 | scope. Specifically, it is not supported from session scopes. We are | |
2035 | working on fixing this in a future systemd version. (See #3388 for | |
2036 | further details about this.) | |
2037 | ||
fb7c4eff MG |
2038 | * DBus policy files are now installed into /usr rather than /etc. Make |
2039 | sure your system has dbus >= 1.9.18 running before upgrading to this | |
2040 | version, or override the install path with --with-dbuspolicydir= . | |
2041 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2042 | * All python scripts shipped with systemd (specifically: the various |
2043 | tests written in Python) now require Python 3. | |
2044 | ||
d60c5270 | 2045 | * systemd unit tests can now run standalone (without the source or |
4dfe64f8 ZJS |
2046 | build directories), and can be installed into /usr/lib/systemd/tests/ |
2047 | with 'make install-tests'. | |
2048 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2049 | * Note that from this version on, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH, |
2050 | CONFIG_CRYPTO_HMAC and CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256 need to be enabled in the | |
2051 | kernel. | |
2052 | ||
2053 | * Support for the %c, %r, %R specifiers in unit files has been | |
2054 | removed. Specifiers are not supposed to be dependent on configuration | |
2055 | in the unit file itself (so that they resolve the same regardless | |
2056 | where used in the unit files), but these specifiers were influenced | |
2057 | by the Slice= option. | |
2058 | ||
5cfc0a84 LP |
2059 | * The shell invoked by debug-shell.service now defaults to /bin/sh in |
2060 | all cases. If distributions want to use a different shell for this | |
2061 | purpose (for example Fedora's /sbin/sushell) they need to specify | |
2062 | this explicitly at configure time using --with-debug-shell=. | |
2063 | ||
2bcc3309 FB |
2064 | * The confirmation spawn prompt has been reworked to offer the |
2065 | following choices: | |
2066 | ||
b0eb2944 | 2067 | (c)ontinue, proceed without asking anymore |
dd6f9ac0 | 2068 | (D)ump, show the state of the unit |
2bcc3309 | 2069 | (f)ail, don't execute the command and pretend it failed |
d172b175 | 2070 | (h)elp |
eedf223a | 2071 | (i)nfo, show a short summary of the unit |
56fde33a | 2072 | (j)obs, show jobs that are in progress |
2bcc3309 FB |
2073 | (s)kip, don't execute the command and pretend it succeeded |
2074 | (y)es, execute the command | |
2075 | ||
2076 | The 'n' choice for the confirmation spawn prompt has been removed, | |
2077 | because its meaning was confusing. | |
2078 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
2079 | The prompt may now also be redirected to an alternative console by |
2080 | specifying the console as parameter to systemd.confirm_spawn=. | |
2081 | ||
8e458bfe JW |
2082 | * Services of Type=notify require a READY=1 notification to be sent |
2083 | during startup. If no such message is sent, the service now fails, | |
2084 | even if the main process exited with a successful exit code. | |
2085 | ||
85266f9b LP |
2086 | * Services that fail to start up correctly now always have their |
2087 | ExecStopPost= commands executed. Previously, they'd enter "failed" | |
2088 | state directly, without executing these commands. | |
2089 | ||
baf32786 MP |
2090 | * The option MulticastDNS= of network configuration files has acquired |
2091 | an actual implementation. With MulticastDNS=yes a host can resolve | |
23eb30b3 | 2092 | names of remote hosts and reply to mDNS A and AAAA requests. |
fa8b4499 | 2093 | |
631b676b LP |
2094 | * When units are about to be started an additional check is now done to |
2095 | ensure that all dependencies of type BindsTo= (when used in | |
2096 | combination with After=) have been started. | |
2097 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
2098 | * systemd-analyze gained a new verb "syscall-filter" which shows which |
2099 | system call groups are defined for the SystemCallFilter= unit file | |
23eb30b3 | 2100 | setting, and which system calls they contain. |
d08ee7cb LP |
2101 | |
2102 | * A new system call filter group "@filesystem" has been added, | |
23eb30b3 | 2103 | consisting of various file system related system calls. Group |
d08ee7cb | 2104 | "@reboot" has been added, covering reboot, kexec and shutdown related |
23eb30b3 | 2105 | calls. Finally, group "@swap" has been added covering swap |
d08ee7cb LP |
2106 | configuration related calls. |
2107 | ||
2108 | * A new unit file option RestrictNamespaces= has been added that may be | |
2109 | used to restrict access to the various process namespace types the | |
2110 | Linux kernel provides. Specifically, it may be used to take away the | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2111 | right for a service unit to create additional file system, network, |
2112 | user, and other namespaces. This sandboxing option is particularly | |
2113 | relevant due to the high amount of recently discovered namespacing | |
2114 | related vulnerabilities in the kernel. | |
d08ee7cb | 2115 | |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2116 | * systemd-udev's .link files gained support for a new AutoNegotiation= |
2117 | setting for configuring Ethernet auto-negotiation. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2118 | |
2119 | * systemd-networkd's .network files gained support for a new | |
2120 | ListenPort= setting in the [DHCP] section to explicitly configure the | |
2121 | UDP client port the DHCP client shall listen on. | |
2122 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2123 | * .network files gained a new Unmanaged= boolean setting for explicitly |
2124 | excluding one or more interfaces from management by systemd-networkd. | |
2125 | ||
2126 | * The systemd-networkd ProxyARP= option has been renamed to | |
2127 | IPV4ProxyARP=. Similarly, VXLAN-specific option ARPProxy= has been | |
2128 | renamed to ReduceARPProxy=. The old names continue to be available | |
2129 | for compatibility. | |
2130 | ||
2131 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring IPv6 Proxy NDP | |
2132 | addresses via the new IPv6ProxyNDPAddress= .network file setting. | |
2133 | ||
2134 | * systemd-networkd's bonding device support gained support for two new | |
2135 | configuration options ActiveSlave= and PrimarySlave=. | |
2136 | ||
2137 | * The various options in the [Match] section of .network files gained | |
2138 | support for negative matching. | |
2139 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
2140 | * New systemd-specific mount options are now understood in /etc/fstab: |
2141 | ||
2142 | x-systemd.mount-timeout= may be used to configure the maximum | |
2143 | permitted runtime of the mount command. | |
2144 | ||
2145 | x-systemd.device-bound may be set to bind a mount point to its | |
2146 | backing device unit, in order to automatically remove a mount point | |
2147 | if its backing device is unplugged. This option may also be | |
2148 | configured through the new SYSTEMD_MOUNT_DEVICE_BOUND udev property | |
2149 | on the block device, which is now automatically set for all CDROM | |
2150 | drives, so that mounted CDs are automatically unmounted when they are | |
2151 | removed from the drive. | |
2152 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2153 | x-systemd.after= and x-systemd.before= may be used to explicitly |
2154 | order a mount after or before another unit or mount point. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2155 | |
2156 | * Enqueued start jobs for device units are now automatically garbage | |
2157 | collected if there are no jobs waiting for them anymore. | |
2158 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2159 | * systemctl list-jobs gained two new switches: with --after, for every |
2160 | queued job the jobs it's waiting for are shown; with --before the | |
2161 | jobs which it's blocking are shown. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2162 | |
2163 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for ephemeral boots from disk images | |
2164 | (or in other words: --ephemeral and --image= may now be | |
2165 | combined). Moreover, ephemeral boots are now supported for normal | |
2166 | directories, even if the backing file system is not btrfs. Of course, | |
baf32786 MP |
2167 | if the file system does not support file system snapshots or |
2168 | reflinks, the initial copy operation will be relatively expensive, but | |
2169 | this should still be suitable for many use cases. | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2170 | |
2171 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now support | |
2172 | specifications relative to the end of a month by using "~" instead of | |
2173 | "-" as separator between month and day. For example, "*-02~03" means | |
23eb30b3 | 2174 | "the third last day in February". In addition a new syntax for |
d08ee7cb LP |
2175 | repeated events has been added using the "/" character. For example, |
2176 | "9..17/2:00" means "every two hours from 9am to 5pm". | |
2177 | ||
2178 | * systemd-socket-proxyd gained a new parameter --connections-max= for | |
2179 | configuring the maximum number of concurrent connections. | |
2180 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2181 | * sd-id128 gained a new API for generating unique IDs for the host in a |
2182 | way that does not leak the machine ID. Specifically, | |
d08ee7cb | 2183 | sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific() derives an ID based on the |
baf32786 | 2184 | machine ID a in well-defined, non-reversible, stable way. This is |
d08ee7cb LP |
2185 | useful whenever an identifier for the host is needed but where the |
2186 | identifier shall not be useful to identify the system beyond the | |
2187 | scope of the application itself. (Internally this uses HMAC-SHA256 as | |
2188 | keyed hash function using the machine ID as input.) | |
2189 | ||
2190 | * NotifyAccess= gained a new supported value "exec". When set | |
2191 | notifications are accepted from all processes systemd itself invoked, | |
2192 | including all control processes. | |
2193 | ||
2194 | * .nspawn files gained support for defining overlay mounts using the | |
2195 | Overlay= and OverlayReadOnly= options. Previously this functionality | |
2196 | was only available on the systemd-nspawn command line. | |
2197 | ||
2198 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --overlay= options gained support for | |
2199 | bind/overlay mounts whose source lies within the container tree by | |
2200 | prefixing the source path with "+". | |
2201 | ||
2202 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --overlay= options gained support for | |
2203 | automatically allocating a temporary source directory in /var/tmp | |
2204 | that is removed when the container dies. Specifically, if the source | |
2205 | directory is specified as empty string this mechanism is selected. An | |
2206 | example usage is --overlay=+/var::/var, which creates an overlay | |
2207 | mount based on the original /var contained in the image, overlayed | |
2208 | with a temporary directory in the host's /var/tmp. This way changes | |
2209 | to /var are automatically flushed when the container shuts down. | |
2210 | ||
baf32786 MP |
2211 | * systemd-nspawn --image= option does now permit raw file system block |
2212 | devices (in addition to images containing partition tables, as | |
2213 | before). | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2214 | |
2215 | * The disk image dissection logic in systemd-nspawn gained support for | |
2216 | automatically setting up LUKS encrypted as well as Verity protected | |
2217 | partitions. When a container is booted from an encrypted image the | |
2218 | passphrase is queried at start-up time. When a container with Verity | |
2219 | data is started, the root hash is search in a ".roothash" file | |
2220 | accompanying the disk image (alternatively, pass the root hash via | |
2221 | the new --root-hash= command line option). | |
2222 | ||
2223 | * A new tool /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-dissect has been added that may | |
2224 | be used to dissect disk images the same way as systemd-nspawn does | |
2225 | it, following the Bootable Partition Specification. It may even be | |
2226 | used to mount disk images with complex partition setups (including | |
2227 | LUKS and Verity partitions) to a local host directory, in order to | |
2228 | inspect them. This tool is not considered public API (yet), and is | |
2229 | thus not installed into /usr/bin. Please do not rely on its | |
3b31c466 | 2230 | existence, since it might go away or be changed in later systemd |
d08ee7cb LP |
2231 | versions. |
2232 | ||
2233 | * A new generator "systemd-verity-generator" has been added, similar in | |
baf32786 | 2234 | style to "systemd-cryptsetup-generator", permitting automatic setup of |
d08ee7cb LP |
2235 | Verity root partitions when systemd boots up. In order to make use of |
2236 | this your partition setup should follow the Discoverable Partitions | |
2237 | Specification, and the GPT partition ID of the root file system | |
2238 | partition should be identical to the upper 128bit of the Verity root | |
2239 | hash. The GPT partition ID of the Verity partition protecting it | |
2240 | should be the lower 128bit of the Verity root hash. If the partition | |
2241 | image follows this model it is sufficient to specify a single | |
2242 | "roothash=" kernel command line argument to both configure which root | |
2243 | image and verity partition to use as well as the root hash for | |
2244 | it. Note that systemd-nspawn's Verity support follows the same | |
2245 | semantics, meaning that disk images with proper Verity data in place | |
2246 | may be booted in containers with systemd-nspawn as well as on | |
2247 | physical systems via the verity generator. Also note that the "mkosi" | |
2248 | tool available at https://github.com/systemd/mkosi has been updated | |
2249 | to generate Verity protected disk images following this scheme. In | |
2250 | fact, it has been updated to generate disk images that optionally | |
2251 | implement a complete UEFI SecureBoot trust chain, involving a signed | |
2252 | kernel and initrd image that incorporates such a root hash as well as | |
2253 | a Verity-enabled root partition. | |
2254 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
2255 | * The hardware database (hwdb) udev supports has been updated to carry |
2256 | accelerometer quirks. | |
2257 | ||
2258 | * All system services are now run with a fresh kernel keyring set up | |
2259 | for them. The invocation ID is stored by default in it, thus | |
2260 | providing a safe, non-overridable way to determine the invocation | |
2261 | ID of each service. | |
2262 | ||
2263 | * Service unit files gained new BindPaths= and BindReadOnlyPaths= | |
2264 | options for bind mounting arbitrary paths in a service-specific | |
2265 | way. When these options are used, arbitrary host or service files and | |
2266 | directories may be mounted to arbitrary locations in the service's | |
2267 | view. | |
2268 | ||
2269 | * Documentation has been added that lists all of systemd's low-level | |
2270 | environment variables: | |
2271 | ||
a8a27374 | 2272 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/docs/ENVIRONMENT.md |
d08ee7cb LP |
2273 | |
2274 | * sd-daemon gained a new API sd_is_socket_sockaddr() for determining | |
2275 | whether a specific socket file descriptor matches a specified socket | |
2276 | address. | |
2277 | ||
2278 | * systemd-firstboot has been updated to check for the | |
2279 | systemd.firstboot= kernel command line option. It accepts a boolean | |
2280 | and when set to false the first boot questions are skipped. | |
2281 | ||
d08ee7cb | 2282 | * systemd-fstab-generator has been updated to check for the |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2283 | systemd.volatile= kernel command line option, which either takes an |
2284 | optional boolean parameter or the special value "state". If used the | |
2285 | system may be booted in a "volatile" boot mode. Specifically, | |
2286 | "systemd.volatile" is used, the root directory will be mounted as | |
d08ee7cb | 2287 | tmpfs, and only /usr is mounted from the actual root file system. If |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2288 | "systemd.volatile=state" is used, the root directory will be mounted |
2289 | as usual, but /var is mounted as tmpfs. This concept provides similar | |
d08ee7cb LP |
2290 | functionality as systemd-nspawn's --volatile= option, but provides it |
2291 | on physical boots. Use this option for implementing stateless | |
2292 | systems, or testing systems with all state and/or configuration reset | |
2293 | to the defaults. (Note though that many distributions are not | |
23eb30b3 | 2294 | prepared to boot up without a populated /etc or /var, though.) |
d08ee7cb LP |
2295 | |
2296 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator gained support for LUKS encrypted root | |
2297 | partitions. Previously it only supported LUKS encrypted partitions | |
2298 | for all other uses, except for the root partition itself. | |
2299 | ||
2300 | * Socket units gained support for listening on AF_VSOCK sockets for | |
2301 | communication in virtualized QEMU environments. | |
2302 | ||
2303 | * The "configure" script gained a new option --with-fallback-hostname= | |
2304 | for specifying the fallback hostname to use if none is configured in | |
2305 | /etc/hostname. For example, by specifying | |
2306 | --with-fallback-hostname=fedora it is possible to default to a | |
23eb30b3 | 2307 | hostname of "fedora" on pristine installations. |
d08ee7cb LP |
2308 | |
2309 | * systemd-cgls gained support for a new --unit= switch for listing only | |
2310 | the control groups of a specific unit. Similar --user-unit= has been | |
2311 | added for listing only the control groups of a specific user unit. | |
2312 | ||
2313 | * systemd-mount gained a new --umount switch for unmounting a mount or | |
2314 | automount point (and all mount/automount points below it). | |
2315 | ||
2316 | * systemd will now refuse full configuration reloads (via systemctl | |
2317 | daemon-reload and related calls) unless at least 16MiB of free space | |
2318 | are available in /run. This is a safety precaution in order to ensure | |
2319 | that generators can safely operate after the reload completed. | |
2320 | ||
2321 | * A new unit file option RootImage= has been added, which has a similar | |
2322 | effect as RootDirectory= but mounts the service's root directory from | |
2323 | a disk image instead of plain directory. This logic reuses the same | |
2324 | image dissection and mount logic that systemd-nspawn already uses, | |
2325 | and hence supports any disk images systemd-nspawn supports, including | |
2326 | those following the Discoverable Partition Specification, as well as | |
2327 | Verity enabled images. This option enables systemd to run system | |
2328 | services directly off disk images acting as resource bundles, | |
2329 | possibly even including full integrity data. | |
2330 | ||
2331 | * A new MountAPIVFS= unit file option has been added, taking a boolean | |
baf32786 | 2332 | argument. If enabled /proc, /sys and /dev (collectively called the |
d08ee7cb LP |
2333 | "API VFS") will be mounted for the service. This is only relevant if |
2334 | RootDirectory= or RootImage= is used for the service, as these mounts | |
2335 | are of course in place in the host mount namespace anyway. | |
2336 | ||
2337 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for a new --pivot-root= switch. If | |
2338 | specified the root directory within the container image is pivoted to | |
2339 | the specified mount point, while the original root disk is moved to a | |
2340 | different place. This option enables booting of ostree images | |
2341 | directly with systemd-nspawn. | |
2342 | ||
d08ee7cb | 2343 | * The systemd build scripts will no longer complain if the NTP server |
23eb30b3 | 2344 | addresses are not changed from the defaults. Google now supports |
d08ee7cb LP |
2345 | these NTP servers officially. We still recommend downstreams to |
2346 | properly register an NTP pool with the NTP pool project though. | |
2347 | ||
c1ec34d1 | 2348 | * coredumpctl gained a new "--reverse" option for printing the list |
d08ee7cb LP |
2349 | of coredumps in reverse order. |
2350 | ||
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2351 | * coredumpctl will now show additional information about truncated and |
2352 | inaccessible coredumps, as well as coredumps that are still being | |
2353 | processed. It also gained a new --quiet switch for suppressing | |
2354 | additional informational message in its output. | |
2355 | ||
2356 | * coredumpctl gained support for only showing coredumps newer and/or | |
2357 | older than specific timestamps, using the new --since= and --until= | |
2358 | options, reminiscent of journalctl's options by the same name. | |
2359 | ||
d08ee7cb | 2360 | * The systemd-coredump logic has been improved so that it may be reused |
23eb30b3 | 2361 | to collect backtraces in non-compiled languages, for example in |
d08ee7cb LP |
2362 | scripting languages such as Python. |
2363 | ||
2364 | * machinectl will now show the UID shift of local containers, if user | |
2365 | namespacing is enabled for them. | |
2366 | ||
baf32786 | 2367 | * systemd will now optionally run "environment generator" binaries at |
d08ee7cb LP |
2368 | configuration load time. They may be used to add environment |
2369 | variables to the environment block passed to services invoked. One | |
baf32786 | 2370 | user environment generator is shipped by default that sets up |
23eb30b3 ZJS |
2371 | environment variables based on files dropped into /etc/environment.d |
2372 | and ~/.config/environment.d/. | |
d08ee7cb | 2373 | |
a2b53448 LP |
2374 | * systemd-resolved now includes the new, recently published 2017 DNSSEC |
2375 | root key (KSK). | |
2376 | ||
a2b53448 LP |
2377 | * hostnamed has been updated to report a new chassis type of |
2378 | "convertible" to cover "foldable" laptops that can both act as a | |
2379 | tablet and as a laptop, such as various Lenovo Yoga devices. | |
2380 | ||
d08ee7cb LP |
2381 | Contributions from: Adrián López, Alexander Galanin, Alexander |
2382 | Kochetkov, Alexandros Frantzis, Andrey Ulanov, Antoine Eiche, Baruch | |
2383 | Siach, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Robin, Björn, Brandon Philips, Cédric | |
2384 | Schieli, Charles (Chas) Williams, Christian Hesse, Daniele Medri, | |
2385 | Daniel Drake, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Wagner, Dan Streetman, Dave Reisner, | |
2386 | David Glasser, David Herrmann, David Michael, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry | |
2387 | Khlebnikov, Dmitry Rozhkov, Dongsu Park, Douglas Christman, Earnestly, | |
2388 | Emil Soleyman, Eric Cook, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Fionn | |
2389 | Cleary, Florian Klink, Francesco Brozzu, Franck Bui, Gabriel Rauter, | |
a2b53448 LP |
2390 | Gianluca Boiano, Giedrius Statkevičius, Graeme Lawes, Hans de Goede, |
2391 | Harald Hoyer, Ian Kelling, Ivan Shapovalov, Jakub Wilk, Janne Heß, Jan | |
2392 | Synacek, Jason Reeder, Jonathan Boulle, Jörg Thalheim, Jouke Witteveen, | |
2393 | Karl Kraus, Kees Cook, Keith Busch, Kieran Colford, kilian-k, Lennart | |
2394 | Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas Werkmeister, Lukas Rusak, Maarten de | |
2395 | Vries, Maks Naumov, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Andre Lureau, Marcin Bachry, | |
2396 | Mark Stosberg, Martin Ejdestig, Martin Pitt, Mauricio Faria de | |
2397 | Oliveira, micah, Michael Biebl, Michael Shields, Michal Schmidt, Michal | |
2398 | Sekletar, Michel Kraus, Mike Gilbert, Mikko Ylinen, Mirza Krak, | |
2399 | Namhyung Kim, nikolaof, peoronoob, Peter Hutterer, Peter Körner, Philip | |
2400 | Withnall, Piotr Drąg, Ray Strode, Reverend Homer, Rike-Benjamin | |
2401 | Schuppner, Robert Kreuzer, Ronny Chevalier, Ruslan Bilovol, sammynx, | |
2402 | Sergey Ptashnick, Sergiusz Urbaniak, Stefan Berger, Stefan Hajnoczi, | |
2403 | Stefan Schweter, Stuart McLaren, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, | |
2404 | Taylor Smock, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tibor | |
2405 | Nagy, Tobias Stoeckmann, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Viktar | |
2406 | Vaŭčkievič, Viktor Mihajlovski, Vitaly Sulimov, Waldemar Brodkorb, | |
2407 | Walter Garcia-Fontes, Wim de With, Yassine Imounachen, Yi EungJun, | |
2408 | YunQiang Su, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Александр | |
2409 | Тихонов | |
2410 | ||
2411 | — Berlin, 2017-03-01 | |
d08ee7cb | 2412 | |
54b24597 | 2413 | CHANGES WITH 232: |
76153ad4 | 2414 | |
05f426d2 LP |
2415 | * udev now runs with MemoryDenyWriteExecute=, RestrictRealtime= and |
2416 | RestrictAddressFamilies= enabled. These sandboxing options should | |
2417 | generally be compatible with the various external udev call-out | |
2418 | binaries we are aware of, however there may be exceptions, in | |
2419 | particular when exotic languages for these call-outs are used. In | |
2420 | this case, consider turning off these settings locally. | |
2421 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2422 | * The new RemoveIPC= option can be used to remove IPC objects owned by |
2423 | the user or group of a service when that service exits. | |
2424 | ||
6fa44114 | 2425 | * The new ProtectKernelModules= option can be used to disable explicit |
4c37970d LP |
2426 | load and unload operations of kernel modules by a service. In |
2427 | addition access to /usr/lib/modules is removed if this option is set. | |
6fa44114 | 2428 | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2429 | * ProtectSystem= option gained a new value "strict", which causes the |
2430 | whole file system tree with the exception of /dev, /proc, and /sys, | |
2431 | to be remounted read-only for a service. | |
2432 | ||
e49e2c25 | 2433 | * The new ProtectKernelTunables= option can be used to disable |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2434 | modification of configuration files in /sys and /proc by a service. |
2435 | Various directories and files are remounted read-only, so access is | |
2436 | restricted even if the file permissions would allow it. | |
2437 | ||
6fa44114 | 2438 | * The new ProtectControlGroups= option can be used to disable write |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2439 | access by a service to /sys/fs/cgroup. |
2440 | ||
2441 | * Various systemd services have been hardened with | |
2442 | ProtectKernelTunables=yes, ProtectControlGroups=yes, | |
2443 | RestrictAddressFamilies=. | |
2444 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2445 | * Support for dynamically creating users for the lifetime of a service |
2446 | has been added. If DynamicUser=yes is specified, user and group IDs | |
2447 | will be allocated from the range 61184..65519 for the lifetime of the | |
2448 | service. They can be resolved using the new nss-systemd.so NSS | |
2449 | module. The module must be enabled in /etc/nsswitch.conf. Services | |
2450 | started in this way have PrivateTmp= and RemoveIPC= enabled, so that | |
2451 | any resources allocated by the service will be cleaned up when the | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2452 | service exits. They also have ProtectHome=read-only and |
2453 | ProtectSystem=strict enabled, so they are not able to make any | |
2454 | permanent modifications to the system. | |
4ffe2479 | 2455 | |
171ae2cd | 2456 | * The nss-systemd module also always resolves root and nobody, making |
4ffe2479 | 2457 | it possible to have no /etc/passwd or /etc/group files in minimal |
171ae2cd | 2458 | container or chroot environments. |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2459 | |
2460 | * Services may be started with their own user namespace using the new | |
171ae2cd LP |
2461 | boolean PrivateUsers= option. Only root, nobody, and the uid/gid |
2462 | under which the service is running are mapped. All other users are | |
2463 | mapped to nobody. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2464 | |
2465 | * Support for the cgroup namespace has been added to systemd-nspawn. If | |
2466 | supported by kernel, the container system started by systemd-nspawn | |
2467 | will have its own view of the cgroup hierarchy. This new behaviour | |
2468 | can be disabled using $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS environment variable. | |
2469 | ||
2470 | * The new MemorySwapMax= option can be used to limit the maximum swap | |
2471 | usage under the unified cgroup hierarchy. | |
2472 | ||
2473 | * Support for the CPU controller in the unified cgroup hierarchy has | |
2474 | been added, via the CPUWeight=, CPUStartupWeight=, CPUAccounting= | |
2475 | options. This controller requires out-of-tree patches for the kernel | |
2476 | and the support is provisional. | |
2477 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
2478 | * Mount and automount units may now be created transiently |
2479 | (i.e. dynamically at runtime via the bus API, instead of requiring | |
2480 | unit files in the file system). | |
2481 | ||
2482 | * systemd-mount is a new tool which may mount file systems – much like | |
2483 | mount(8), optionally pulling in additional dependencies through | |
2484 | transient .mount and .automount units. For example, this tool | |
2485 | automatically runs fsck on a backing block device before mounting, | |
2486 | and allows the automount logic to be used dynamically from the | |
2487 | command line for establishing mount points. This tool is particularly | |
2488 | useful when dealing with removable media, as it will ensure fsck is | |
2489 | run – if necessary – before the first access and that the file system | |
2490 | is quickly unmounted after each access by utilizing the automount | |
2491 | logic. This maximizes the chance that the file system on the | |
2492 | removable media stays in a clean state, and if it isn't in a clean | |
2493 | state is fixed automatically. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2494 | |
2495 | * LazyUnmount=yes option for mount units has been added to expose the | |
2496 | umount --lazy option. Similarly, ForceUnmount=yes exposes the --force | |
2497 | option. | |
2498 | ||
2499 | * /efi will be used as the mount point of the EFI boot partition, if | |
2500 | the directory is present, and the mount point was not configured | |
2501 | through other means (e.g. fstab). If /efi directory does not exist, | |
2502 | /boot will be used as before. This makes it easier to automatically | |
2503 | mount the EFI partition on systems where /boot is used for something | |
2504 | else. | |
2505 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
2506 | * When operating on GPT disk images for containers, systemd-nspawn will |
2507 | now mount the ESP to /boot or /efi according to the same rules as PID | |
2508 | 1 running on a host. This allows tools like "bootctl" to operate | |
2509 | correctly within such containers, in order to make container images | |
2510 | bootable on physical systems. | |
2511 | ||
4a77c53d | 2512 | * disk/by-id and disk/by-path symlinks are now created for NVMe drives. |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2513 | |
2514 | * Two new user session targets have been added to support running | |
2515 | graphical sessions under the systemd --user instance: | |
2516 | graphical-session.target and graphical-session-pre.target. See | |
2517 | systemd.special(7) for a description of how those targets should be | |
2518 | used. | |
2519 | ||
2520 | * The vconsole initialization code has been significantly reworked to | |
d4c08299 | 2521 | use KD_FONT_OP_GET/SET ioctls instead of KD_FONT_OP_COPY and better |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2522 | support unicode keymaps. Font and keymap configuration will now be |
2523 | copied to all allocated virtual consoles. | |
2524 | ||
05ecf467 | 2525 | * FreeBSD's bhyve virtualization is now detected. |
4ffe2479 | 2526 | |
d4c08299 | 2527 | * Information recorded in the journal for core dumps now includes the |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2528 | contents of /proc/mountinfo and the command line of the process at |
2529 | the top of the process hierarchy (which is usually the init process | |
2530 | of the container). | |
2531 | ||
171ae2cd | 2532 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd learned the --directory= option to serve |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2533 | files from the specified location. |
2534 | ||
2535 | * journalctl --root=… can be used to peruse the journal in the | |
2536 | /var/log/ directories inside of a container tree. This is similar to | |
2537 | the existing --machine= option, but does not require the container to | |
2538 | be active. | |
2539 | ||
2540 | * The hardware database has been extended to support | |
2541 | ID_INPUT_TRACKBALL, used in addition to ID_INPUT_MOUSE to identify | |
2542 | trackball devices. | |
2543 | ||
2544 | MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE_HORIZONTAL hwdb property has been added to | |
2545 | specify the click rate for mice which include a horizontal wheel with | |
2546 | a click rate that is different than the one for the vertical wheel. | |
2547 | ||
2548 | * systemd-run gained a new --wait option that makes service execution | |
171ae2cd LP |
2549 | synchronous. (Specifically, the command will not return until the |
2550 | specified service binary exited.) | |
4ffe2479 | 2551 | |
171ae2cd | 2552 | * systemctl gained a new --wait option that causes the start command to |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2553 | wait until the units being started have terminated again. |
2554 | ||
171ae2cd | 2555 | * A new journal output mode "short-full" has been added which displays |
4ffe2479 | 2556 | timestamps with abbreviated English day names and adds a timezone |
171ae2cd LP |
2557 | suffix. Those timestamps include more information than the default |
2558 | "short" output mode, and can be passed directly to journalctl's | |
2559 | --since= and --until= options. | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2560 | |
2561 | * /etc/resolv.conf will be bind-mounted into containers started by | |
2562 | systemd-nspawn, if possible, so any changes to resolv.conf contents | |
2563 | are automatically propagated to the container. | |
2564 | ||
2565 | * The number of instances for socket-activated services originating | |
171ae2cd LP |
2566 | from a single IP address can be limited with |
2567 | MaxConnectionsPerSource=, extending the existing setting of | |
2568 | MaxConnections=. | |
4ffe2479 | 2569 | |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2570 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vcan ("Virtual CAN") interface |
2571 | configuration. | |
2572 | ||
2573 | * .netdev and .network configuration can now be extended through | |
2574 | drop-ins. | |
2575 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2576 | * UDP Segmentation Offload, TCP Segmentation Offload, Generic |
2577 | Segmentation Offload, Generic Receive Offload, Large Receive Offload | |
2578 | can be enabled and disabled using the new UDPSegmentationOffload=, | |
2579 | TCPSegmentationOffload=, GenericSegmentationOffload=, | |
2580 | GenericReceiveOffload=, LargeReceiveOffload= options in the | |
2581 | [Link] section of .link files. | |
2582 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
2583 | * The Spanning Tree Protocol, Priority, Aging Time, and the Default |
2584 | Port VLAN ID can be configured for bridge devices using the new STP=, | |
2585 | Priority=, AgeingTimeSec=, and DefaultPVID= settings in the [Bridge] | |
2586 | section of .netdev files. | |
4ffe2479 | 2587 | |
171ae2cd | 2588 | * The route table to which routes received over DHCP or RA should be |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2589 | added can be configured with the new RouteTable= option in the [DHCP] |
2590 | and [IPv6AcceptRA] sections of .network files. | |
2591 | ||
171ae2cd | 2592 | * The Address Resolution Protocol can be disabled on links managed by |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2593 | systemd-networkd using the ARP=no setting in the [Link] section of |
2594 | .network files. | |
2595 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
2596 | * New environment variables $SERVICE_RESULT, $EXIT_CODE and |
2597 | $EXIT_STATUS are set for ExecStop= and ExecStopPost= commands, and | |
2598 | encode information about the result and exit codes of the current | |
2599 | service runtime cycle. | |
4ffe2479 | 2600 | |
4a77c53d | 2601 | * systemd-sysctl will now configure kernel parameters in the order |
1f4f4cf7 | 2602 | they occur in the configuration files. This matches what sysctl |
4a77c53d ZJS |
2603 | has been traditionally doing. |
2604 | ||
2605 | * kernel-install "plugins" that are executed to perform various | |
2606 | tasks after a new kernel is added and before an old one is removed | |
2607 | can now return a special value to terminate the procedure and | |
2608 | prevent any later plugins from running. | |
2609 | ||
76153ad4 | 2610 | * Journald's SplitMode=login setting has been deprecated. It has been |
d4c08299 | 2611 | removed from documentation, and its use is discouraged. In a future |
76153ad4 ZJS |
2612 | release it will be completely removed, and made equivalent to current |
2613 | default of SplitMode=uid. | |
2614 | ||
4a77c53d ZJS |
2615 | * Storage=both option setting in /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been |
2616 | removed. With fast LZ4 compression storing the core dump twice is not | |
2617 | useful. | |
2618 | ||
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2619 | * The --share-system systemd-nspawn option has been replaced with an |
2620 | (undocumented) variable $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM, but the use of | |
2621 | this functionality is discouraged. In addition the variables | |
2622 | $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC, $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID, | |
2623 | $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS may be used to control the unsharing of | |
2624 | individual namespaces. | |
2625 | ||
171ae2cd LP |
2626 | * "machinectl list" now shows the IP address of running containers in |
2627 | the output, as well as OS release information. | |
2628 | ||
2629 | * "loginctl list" now shows the TTY of each session in the output. | |
2630 | ||
2631 | * sd-bus gained new API calls sd_bus_track_set_recursive(), | |
2632 | sd_bus_track_get_recursive(), sd_bus_track_count_name(), | |
2633 | sd_bus_track_count_sender(). They permit usage of sd_bus_track peer | |
2634 | tracking objects in a "recursive" mode, where a single client can be | |
2635 | counted multiple times, if it takes multiple references. | |
2636 | ||
2637 | * sd-bus gained new API calls sd_bus_set_exit_on_disconnect() and | |
bc99dac5 | 2638 | sd_bus_get_exit_on_disconnect(). They may be used to make a |
171ae2cd LP |
2639 | process using sd-bus automatically exit if the bus connection is |
2640 | severed. | |
2641 | ||
2642 | * Bus clients of the service manager may now "pin" loaded units into | |
2643 | memory, by taking an explicit reference on them. This is useful to | |
2644 | ensure the client can retrieve runtime data about the service even | |
2645 | after the service completed execution. Taking such a reference is | |
2646 | available only for privileged clients and should be helpful to watch | |
2647 | running services in a race-free manner, and in particular collect | |
2648 | information about exit statuses and results. | |
2649 | ||
4c37970d LP |
2650 | * The nss-resolve module has been changed to strictly return UNAVAIL |
2651 | when communication via D-Bus with resolved failed, and NOTFOUND when | |
2652 | a lookup completed but was negative. This means it is now possible to | |
2653 | neatly configure fallbacks using nsswitch.conf result checking | |
2654 | expressions. Taking benefit of this, the new recommended | |
2655 | configuration line for the "hosts" entry in /etc/nsswitch.conf is: | |
2656 | ||
2657 | hosts: files mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns myhostname | |
2658 | ||
2659 | * A new setting CtrlAltDelBurstAction= has been added to | |
2660 | /etc/systemd/system.conf which may be used to configure the precise | |
2661 | behaviour if the user on the console presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more often | |
2662 | than 7 times in 2s. Previously this would unconditionally result in | |
2663 | an expedited, immediate reboot. With this new setting the precise | |
2664 | operation may be configured in more detail, and also turned off | |
2665 | entirely. | |
2666 | ||
2667 | * In .netdev files two new settings RemoteChecksumTx= and | |
2668 | RemoteChecksumRx= are now understood that permit configuring the | |
2669 | remote checksumming logic for VXLAN networks. | |
2670 | ||
2671 | * The service manager learnt a new "invocation ID" concept for invoked | |
2672 | services. Each runtime cycle of a service will get a new invocation | |
2673 | ID (a 128bit random UUID) assigned that identifies the current | |
2674 | run of the service uniquely and globally. A new invocation ID | |
2675 | is generated each time a service starts up. The journal will store | |
2676 | the invocation ID of a service along with any logged messages, thus | |
2677 | making the invocation ID useful for matching the online runtime of a | |
2678 | service with the offline log data it generated in a safe way without | |
2679 | relying on synchronized timestamps. In many ways this new service | |
2680 | invocation ID concept is similar to the kernel's boot ID concept that | |
2681 | uniquely and globally identifies the runtime of each boot. The | |
2682 | invocation ID of a service is passed to the service itself via an | |
2683 | environment variable ($INVOCATION_ID). A new bus call | |
2684 | GetUnitByInvocationID() has been added that is similar to GetUnit() | |
2685 | but instead of retrieving the bus path for a unit by its name | |
2686 | retrieves it by its invocation ID. The returned path is valid only as | |
2687 | long as the passed invocation ID is current. | |
2688 | ||
2689 | * systemd-resolved gained a new "DNSStubListener" setting in | |
2690 | resolved.conf. It either takes a boolean value or the special values | |
2691 | "udp" and "tcp", and configures whether to enable the stub DNS | |
2692 | listener on 127.0.0.53:53. | |
2693 | ||
2694 | * IP addresses configured via networkd may now carry additional | |
2695 | configuration settings supported by the kernel. New options include: | |
2696 | HomeAddress=, DuplicateAddressDetection=, ManageTemporaryAddress=, | |
2697 | PrefixRoute=, AutoJoin=. | |
2698 | ||
2699 | * The PAM configuration fragment file for "user@.service" shipped with | |
2700 | systemd (i.e. the --user instance of systemd) has been stripped to | |
2701 | the minimum necessary to make the system boot. Previously, it | |
2702 | contained Fedora-specific stanzas that did not apply to other | |
2703 | distributions. It is expected that downstream distributions add | |
2704 | additional configuration lines, matching their needs to this file, | |
2705 | using it only as rough template of what systemd itself needs. Note | |
2706 | that this reduced fragment does not even include an invocation of | |
2707 | pam_limits which most distributions probably want to add, even though | |
2708 | systemd itself does not need it. (There's also the new build time | |
2709 | option --with-pamconfdir=no to disable installation of the PAM | |
2710 | fragment entirely.) | |
2711 | ||
2712 | * If PrivateDevices=yes is set for a service the CAP_SYS_RAWIO | |
2713 | capability is now also dropped from its set (in addition to | |
2714 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD as before). | |
2715 | ||
2716 | * In service unit files it is now possible to connect a specific named | |
2717 | file descriptor with stdin/stdout/stdout of an executed service. The | |
2718 | name may be specified in matching .socket units using the | |
2719 | FileDescriptorName= setting. | |
2720 | ||
2721 | * A number of journal settings may now be configured on the kernel | |
2722 | command line. Specifically, the following options are now understood: | |
2723 | systemd.journald.max_level_console=, | |
2724 | systemd.journald.max_level_store=, | |
2725 | systemd.journald.max_level_syslog=, systemd.journald.max_level_kmsg=, | |
2726 | systemd.journald.max_level_wall=. | |
2727 | ||
2728 | * "systemctl is-enabled --full" will now show by which symlinks a unit | |
2729 | file is enabled in the unit dependency tree. | |
2730 | ||
b4eed568 LP |
2731 | * Support for VeraCrypt encrypted partitions has been added to the |
2732 | "cryptsetup" logic and /etc/crypttab. | |
2733 | ||
2734 | * systemd-detect-virt gained support for a new --private-users switch | |
2735 | that checks whether the invoking processes are running inside a user | |
2736 | namespace. Similar, a new special value "private-users" for the | |
2737 | existing ConditionVirtualization= setting has been added, permitting | |
2738 | skipping of specific units in user namespace environments. | |
2739 | ||
07393b6e LP |
2740 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alexander Kuleshov, Alfie John, |
2741 | Andreas Henriksson, Andrew Jeddeloh, Balázs Úr, Bart Rulon, Benjamin | |
2742 | Richter, Ben Gamari, Ben Harris, Brian J. Murrell, Christian Brauner, | |
2743 | Christian Rebischke, Clinton Roy, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
2744 | Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, Daniel Maixner, Daniel Rusek, Dan Dedrick, | |
2745 | Davide Cavalca, David Herrmann, David Michael, Dennis Wassenberg, | |
2746 | Djalal Harouni, Dongsu Park, Douglas Christman, Elias Probst, Eric | |
2747 | Cook, Erik Karlsson, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, Felix Zhang, | |
2748 | Franck Bui, George Hilliard, Giuseppe Scrivano, HATAYAMA Daisuke, | |
2749 | Heikki Kemppainen, Hendrik Brueckner, hi117, Ismo Puustinen, Ivan | |
2750 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jakub Wilk, Jan Synacek, Jason Kölker, | |
2751 | Jean-Sébastien Bour, Jiří Pírko, Jonathan Boulle, Jorge Niedbalski, | |
2752 | Keith Busch, kristbaum, Kyle Russell, Lans Zhang, Lennart Poettering, | |
2753 | Leonardo Brondani Schenkel, Lucas Werkmeister, Luca Bruno, Lukáš | |
2754 | Nykrýn, Maciek Borzecki, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
2755 | Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Mello, Martin Ejdestig, Martin Pitt, Matej | |
2756 | Habrnal, Maxime de Roucy, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Hoy, | |
2757 | Michael Olbrich, Michael Pope, Michal Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Mike | |
2758 | Gilbert, Nick Owens, Patrik Flykt, Paweł Szewczyk, Peter Hutterer, | |
2759 | Piotr Drąg, Reid Price, Richard W.M. Jones, Roman Stingler, Ronny | |
2760 | Chevalier, Seraphime Kirkovski, Stefan Schweter, Steve Muir, Susant | |
2761 | Sahani, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tiago Levit, | |
2762 | Tobias Jungel, Tomáš Janoušek, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut | |
2763 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo, WaLyong Cho, Wilhelm Schuster, Yann | |
2764 | E. MORIN, Yi EungJun, Yuki Inoguchi, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
2765 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeal Jagannatha | |
2766 | ||
54b24597 | 2767 | — Santa Fe, 2016-11-03 |
07393b6e | 2768 | |
5cd118ba MP |
2769 | CHANGES WITH 231: |
2770 | ||
fcd30826 LP |
2771 | * In service units the various ExecXYZ= settings have been extended |
2772 | with an additional special character as first argument of the | |
43eb109a | 2773 | assigned value: if the character '+' is used the specified command |
fcd30826 LP |
2774 | line it will be run with full privileges, regardless of User=, |
2775 | Group=, CapabilityBoundingSet= and similar options. The effect is | |
2776 | similar to the existing PermissionsStartOnly= option, but allows | |
2777 | configuration of this concept for each executed command line | |
2778 | independently. | |
2779 | ||
2780 | * Services may now alter the service watchdog timeout at runtime by | |
2781 | sending a WATCHDOG_USEC= message via sd_notify(). | |
2782 | ||
2783 | * MemoryLimit= and related unit settings now optionally take percentage | |
2784 | specifications. The percentage is taken relative to the amount of | |
2785 | physical memory in the system (or in case of containers, the assigned | |
2786 | amount of memory). This allows scaling service resources neatly with | |
771de3f5 | 2787 | the amount of RAM available on the system. Similarly, systemd-logind's |
fcd30826 LP |
2788 | RuntimeDirectorySize= option now also optionally takes percentage |
2789 | values. | |
2790 | ||
2791 | * In similar fashion TasksMax= takes percentage values now, too. The | |
2792 | value is taken relative to the configured maximum number of processes | |
2793 | on the system. The per-service task maximum has been changed to 15% | |
2794 | using this functionality. (Effectively this is an increase of 512 → | |
2795 | 4915 for service units, given the kernel's default pid_max setting.) | |
2796 | ||
2797 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now understand a ".." | |
2798 | syntax for time ranges. Example: "4..7:10" may now be used for | |
2799 | defining a timer that is triggered at 4:10am, 5:10am, 6:10am and | |
2800 | 7:10am every day. | |
2801 | ||
2802 | * The InaccessableDirectories=, ReadOnlyDirectories= and | |
2803 | ReadWriteDirectories= unit file settings have been renamed to | |
2804 | InaccessablePaths=, ReadOnlyPaths= and ReadWritePaths= and may now be | |
2805 | applied to all kinds of file nodes, and not just directories, with | |
2806 | the exception of symlinks. Specifically these settings may now be | |
2807 | used on block and character device nodes, UNIX sockets and FIFOS as | |
2808 | well as regular files. The old names of these settings remain | |
2809 | available for compatibility. | |
2810 | ||
2811 | * systemd will now log about all service processes it kills forcibly | |
2812 | (using SIGKILL) because they remained after the clean shutdown phase | |
2813 | of the service completed. This should help identifying services that | |
2814 | shut down uncleanly. Moreover if KillUserProcesses= is enabled in | |
2815 | systemd-logind's configuration a similar log message is generated for | |
2816 | processes killed at the end of each session due to this setting. | |
2817 | ||
2818 | * systemd will now set the $JOURNAL_STREAM environment variable for all | |
2819 | services whose stdout/stderr are connected to the Journal (which | |
2820 | effectively means by default: all services). The variable contains | |
2821 | the device and inode number of the file descriptor used for | |
2822 | stdout/stderr. This may be used by invoked programs to detect whether | |
2823 | their stdout/stderr is connected to the Journal, in which case they | |
2824 | can switch over to direct Journal communication, thus being able to | |
2825 | pass extended, structured metadata along with their log messages. As | |
2826 | one example, this is now used by glib's logging primitives. | |
2827 | ||
2828 | * When using systemd's default tmp.mount unit for /tmp, the mount point | |
2829 | will now be established with the "nosuid" and "nodev" options. This | |
2830 | avoids privilege escalation attacks that put traps and exploits into | |
2831 | /tmp. However, this might cause problems if you e. g. put container | |
5cd118ba MP |
2832 | images or overlays into /tmp; if you need this, override tmp.mount's |
2833 | "Options=" with a drop-in, or mount /tmp from /etc/fstab with your | |
2834 | desired options. | |
2835 | ||
fcd30826 | 2836 | * systemd now supports the "memory" cgroup controller also on |
4e1dfa45 | 2837 | cgroup v2. |
fcd30826 LP |
2838 | |
2839 | * The systemd-cgtop tool now optionally takes a control group path as | |
2840 | command line argument. If specified, the control group list shown is | |
2841 | limited to subgroups of that group. | |
2842 | ||
2843 | * The SystemCallFilter= unit file setting gained support for | |
2844 | pre-defined, named system call filter sets. For example | |
2845 | SystemCallFilter=@clock is now an effective way to make all clock | |
771de3f5 | 2846 | changing-related system calls unavailable to a service. A number of |
fcd30826 LP |
2847 | similar pre-defined groups are defined. Writing system call filters |
2848 | for system services is simplified substantially with this new | |
2849 | concept. Accordingly, all of systemd's own, long-running services now | |
2850 | enable system call filtering based on this, by default. | |
2851 | ||
2852 | * A new service setting MemoryDenyWriteExecute= has been added, taking | |
2853 | a boolean value. If turned on, a service may no longer create memory | |
2854 | mappings that are writable and executable at the same time. This | |
2855 | enhances security for services where this is enabled as it becomes | |
2856 | harder to dynamically write and then execute memory in exploited | |
2857 | service processes. This option has been enabled for all of systemd's | |
2858 | own long-running services. | |
2859 | ||
2860 | * A new RestrictRealtime= service setting has been added, taking a | |
2861 | boolean argument. If set the service's processes may no longer | |
2862 | acquire realtime scheduling. This improves security as realtime | |
2863 | scheduling may otherwise be used to easily freeze the system. | |
2864 | ||
2865 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch --notify-ready= taking a boolean | |
2866 | value. This may be used for requesting that the system manager inside | |
2867 | of the container reports start-up completion to nspawn which then | |
2868 | propagates this notification further to the service manager | |
2869 | supervising nspawn itself. A related option NotifyReady= in .nspawn | |
2870 | files has been added too. This functionality allows ordering of the | |
2871 | start-up of multiple containers using the usual systemd ordering | |
2872 | primitives. | |
2873 | ||
2874 | * machinectl gained a new command "stop" that is an alias for | |
2875 | "terminate". | |
2876 | ||
2877 | * systemd-resolved gained support for contacting DNS servers on | |
2878 | link-local IPv6 addresses. | |
2879 | ||
2880 | * If systemd-resolved receives the SIGUSR2 signal it will now flush all | |
2881 | its caches. A method call for requesting the same operation has been | |
2882 | added to the bus API too, and is made available via "systemd-resolve | |
2883 | --flush-caches". | |
2884 | ||
771de3f5 | 2885 | * systemd-resolve gained a new --status switch. If passed a brief |
fcd30826 LP |
2886 | summary of the used DNS configuration with per-interface information |
2887 | is shown. | |
2888 | ||
2889 | * resolved.conf gained a new Cache= boolean option, defaulting to | |
2890 | on. If turned off local DNS caching is disabled. This comes with a | |
2891 | performance penalty in particular when DNSSEC is enabled. Note that | |
771de3f5 | 2892 | resolved disables its internal caching implicitly anyway, when the |
fcd30826 LP |
2893 | configured DNS server is on a host-local IP address such as ::1 or |
2894 | 127.0.0.1, thus automatically avoiding double local caching. | |
2895 | ||
2896 | * systemd-resolved now listens on the local IP address 127.0.0.53:53 | |
2897 | for DNS requests. This improves compatibility with local programs | |
2898 | that do not use the libc NSS or systemd-resolved's bus APIs for name | |
2899 | resolution. This minimal DNS service is only available to local | |
2900 | programs and does not implement the full DNS protocol, but enough to | |
2901 | cover local DNS clients. A new, static resolv.conf file, listing just | |
2902 | this DNS server is now shipped in /usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf. It is | |
2903 | now recommended to make /etc/resolv.conf a symlink to this file in | |
2904 | order to route all DNS lookups to systemd-resolved, regardless if | |
2905 | done via NSS, the bus API or raw DNS packets. Note that this local | |
2906 | DNS service is not as fully featured as the libc NSS or | |
2907 | systemd-resolved's bus APIs. For example, as unicast DNS cannot be | |
2908 | used to deliver link-local address information (as this implies | |
2909 | sending a local interface index along), LLMNR/mDNS support via this | |
2910 | interface is severely restricted. It is thus strongly recommended for | |
2911 | all applications to use the libc NSS API or native systemd-resolved | |
2912 | bus API instead. | |
2913 | ||
2914 | * systemd-networkd's bridge support learned a new setting | |
2915 | VLANFiltering= for controlling VLAN filtering. Moreover a new section | |
2916 | in .network files has been added for configuring VLAN bridging in | |
2917 | more detail: VLAN=, EgressUntagged=, PVID= in [BridgeVLAN]. | |
2918 | ||
2919 | * systemd-networkd's IPv6 Router Advertisement code now makes use of | |
2920 | the DNSSL and RDNSS options. This means IPv6 DNS configuration may | |
2921 | now be acquired without relying on DHCPv6. Two new options | |
2922 | UseDomains= and UseDNS= have been added to configure this behaviour. | |
2923 | ||
2924 | * systemd-networkd's IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= option has been | |
2925 | renamed IPv6AcceptRA=, without altering its behaviour. The old | |
2926 | setting name remains available for compatibility reasons. | |
2927 | ||
2928 | * The systemd-networkd VTI/VTI6 tunneling support gained new options | |
2929 | Key=, InputKey= and OutputKey=. | |
2930 | ||
2931 | * systemd-networkd gained support for VRF ("Virtual Routing Function") | |
2932 | interface configuration. | |
2933 | ||
2934 | * "systemctl edit" may now be used to create new unit files by | |
2935 | specifying the --force switch. | |
2936 | ||
2937 | * sd-event gained a new function sd_event_get_iteration() for | |
2938 | requesting the current iteration counter of the event loop. It starts | |
2939 | at zero and is increased by one with each event loop iteration. | |
2940 | ||
43a569a1 ZJS |
2941 | * A new rpm macro %systemd_ordering is provided by the macros.systemd |
2942 | file. It can be used in lieu of %systemd_requires in packages which | |
2943 | don't use any systemd functionality and are intended to be installed | |
2944 | in minimal containers without systemd present. This macro provides | |
ce830873 | 2945 | ordering dependencies to ensure that if the package is installed in |
43a569a1 ZJS |
2946 | the same rpm transaction as systemd, systemd will be installed before |
2947 | the scriptlets for the package are executed, allowing unit presets | |
2948 | to be handled. | |
2949 | ||
2950 | New macros %_systemdgeneratordir and %_systemdusergeneratordir have | |
2951 | been added to simplify packaging of generators. | |
2952 | ||
2953 | * The os-release file gained VERSION_CODENAME field for the | |
2954 | distribution nickname (e.g. VERSION_CODENAME=woody). | |
2955 | ||
2956 | * New udev property UDEV_DISABLE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE_RULES_FLAG=1 | |
2957 | can be set to disable parsing of metadata and the creation | |
2958 | of persistent symlinks for that device. | |
2959 | ||
0f1da52b LP |
2960 | * The v230 change to tag framebuffer devices (/dev/fb*) with "uaccess" |
2961 | to make them available to logged-in users has been reverted. | |
2962 | ||
2963 | * Much of the common code of the various systemd components is now | |
2964 | built into an internal shared library libsystemd-shared-231.so | |
2965 | (incorporating the systemd version number in the name, to be updated | |
2966 | with future releases) that the components link to. This should | |
2967 | decrease systemd footprint both in memory during runtime and on | |
2968 | disk. Note that the shared library is not for public use, and is | |
ead6bd25 | 2969 | neither API nor ABI stable, but is likely to change with every new |
1ecbf32f ZJS |
2970 | released update. Packagers need to make sure that binaries |
2971 | linking to libsystemd-shared.so are updated in step with the | |
2972 | library. | |
43a569a1 | 2973 | |
fcd30826 LP |
2974 | * Configuration for "mkosi" is now part of the systemd |
2975 | repository. mkosi is a tool to easily build legacy-free OS images, | |
2976 | and is available on github: https://github.com/systemd/mkosi. If | |
2977 | "mkosi" is invoked in the build tree a new raw OS image is generated | |
2978 | incorporating the systemd sources currently being worked on and a | |
2979 | clean, fresh distribution installation. The generated OS image may be | |
ce830873 | 2980 | booted up with "systemd-nspawn -b -i", qemu-kvm or on any physical |
fcd30826 LP |
2981 | UEFI PC. This functionality is particularly useful to easily test |
2982 | local changes made to systemd in a pristine, defined environment. See | |
f09eb768 | 2983 | doc/HACKING for details. |
ceeddf79 | 2984 | |
4ffe2479 ZJS |
2985 | * configure learned the --with-support-url= option to specify the |
2986 | distribution's bugtracker. | |
2987 | ||
38b383d9 LP |
2988 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alessandro Puccetti, Alessio Igor |
2989 | Bogani, Alexander Kuleshov, Alexander Kurtz, Alex Gaynor, Andika | |
2990 | Triwidada, Andreas Pokorny, Andreas Rammhold, Andrew Jeddeloh, Ansgar | |
2991 | Burchardt, Atrotors, Benjamin Drung, Brian Boylston, Christian Hesse, | |
2992 | Christian Rebischke, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David | |
2993 | Herrmann, David Michael, Djalal Harouni, Douglas Christman, Elias | |
2994 | Probst, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Federico Mena Quintero, Felipe Sateler, | |
2995 | Franck Bui, Harald Hoyer, Ian Lee, Ivan Shapovalov, Jakub Wilk, Jan | |
2996 | Janssen, Jean-Sébastien Bour, John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jouke | |
2997 | Witteveen, Kai Ruhnau, kpengboy, Kyle Walker, Lénaïc Huard, Lennart | |
2998 | Poettering, Luca Bruno, Lukas Lösche, Lukáš Nykrýn, mahkoh, Marcel | |
2999 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Marty Plummer, Matthieu Codron, Max Prokhorov, | |
3000 | Michael Biebl, Michael Karcher, Michael Olbrich, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, | |
3001 | Michal Sekletar, Michal Soltys, Minkyung, Muhammet Kara, mulkieran, | |
3002 | Otto Wallenius, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes, Peter Hutterer, Ronny Chevalier, | |
3003 | Rusty Bird, Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas | |
771de3f5 ZJS |
3004 | Haller, Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Jungel, Tom Gundersen, Tom Yan, |
3005 | Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Valentin Vidić, Viktar Vaŭčkievič, | |
38b383d9 | 3006 | WaLyong Cho, Weng Xuetian, Werner Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
5cd118ba | 3007 | |
38b383d9 | 3008 | — Berlin, 2016-07-25 |
5cd118ba | 3009 | |
46e40fab | 3010 | CHANGES WITH 230: |
7f6e8043 | 3011 | |
61ecb465 LP |
3012 | * DNSSEC is now turned on by default in systemd-resolved (in |
3013 | "allow-downgrade" mode), but may be turned off during compile time by | |
3014 | passing "--with-default-dnssec=no" to "configure" (and of course, | |
3015 | during runtime with DNSSEC= in resolved.conf). We recommend | |
3016 | downstreams to leave this on at least during development cycles and | |
3017 | report any issues with the DNSSEC logic upstream. We are very | |
3018 | interested in collecting feedback about the DNSSEC validator and its | |
3019 | limitations in the wild. Note however, that DNSSEC support is | |
3020 | probably nothing downstreams should turn on in stable distros just | |
96d49011 | 3021 | yet, as it might create incompatibilities with a few DNS servers and |
61ecb465 LP |
3022 | networks. We tried hard to make sure we downgrade to non-DNSSEC mode |
3023 | automatically whenever we detect such incompatible setups, but there | |
3024 | might be systems we do not cover yet. Hence: please help us testing | |
3025 | the DNSSEC code, leave this on where you can, report back, but then | |
3026 | again don't consider turning this on in your stable, LTS or | |
e40a326c LP |
3027 | production release just yet. (Note that you have to enable |
3028 | nss-resolve in /etc/nsswitch.conf, to actually use systemd-resolved | |
3029 | and its DNSSEC mode for host name resolution from local | |
3030 | applications.) | |
61ecb465 | 3031 | |
96515dbf | 3032 | * systemd-resolve conveniently resolves DANE records with the --tlsa |
e40a326c | 3033 | option and OPENPGPKEY records with the --openpgp option. It also |
e75690c3 | 3034 | supports dumping raw DNS record data via the new --raw= switch. |
96515dbf | 3035 | |
97e5530c ZJS |
3036 | * systemd-logind will now by default terminate user processes that are |
3037 | part of the user session scope unit (session-XX.scope) when the user | |
977f2bea | 3038 | logs out. This behavior is controlled by the KillUserProcesses= |
e40a326c LP |
3039 | setting in logind.conf, and the previous default of "no" is now |
3040 | changed to "yes". This means that user sessions will be properly | |
3041 | cleaned up after, but additional steps are necessary to allow | |
3042 | intentionally long-running processes to survive logout. | |
97e5530c ZJS |
3043 | |
3044 | While the user is logged in at least once, user@.service is running, | |
3045 | and any service that should survive the end of any individual login | |
3046 | session can be started at a user service or scope using systemd-run. | |
e40a326c | 3047 | systemd-run(1) man page has been extended with an example which shows |
8951eaec | 3048 | how to run screen in a scope unit underneath user@.service. The same |
e40a326c | 3049 | command works for tmux. |
97e5530c ZJS |
3050 | |
3051 | After the user logs out of all sessions, user@.service will be | |
3052 | terminated too, by default, unless the user has "lingering" enabled. | |
3053 | To effectively allow users to run long-term tasks even if they are | |
152199f2 ZJS |
3054 | logged out, lingering must be enabled for them. See loginctl(1) for |
3055 | details. The default polkit policy was modified to allow users to | |
3056 | set lingering for themselves without authentication. | |
7f6e8043 | 3057 | |
95365a57 | 3058 | Previous defaults can be restored at compile time by the |
e40a326c | 3059 | --without-kill-user-processes option to "configure". |
7f6e8043 | 3060 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3061 | * systemd-logind gained new configuration settings SessionsMax= and |
3062 | InhibitorsMax=, both with a default of 8192. It will not register new | |
188d3082 | 3063 | user sessions or inhibitors above this limit. |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3064 | |
3065 | * systemd-logind will now reload configuration on SIGHUP. | |
3066 | ||
96515dbf | 3067 | * The unified cgroup hierarchy added in Linux 4.5 is now supported. |
e40a326c | 3068 | Use systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 on the kernel command line to |
25b0e6cb LP |
3069 | enable. Also, support for the "io" cgroup controller in the unified |
3070 | hierarchy has been added, so that the "memory", "pids" and "io" are | |
3071 | now the controllers that are supported on the unified hierarchy. | |
e40a326c | 3072 | |
96515dbf ZJS |
3073 | WARNING: it is not possible to use previous systemd versions with |
3074 | systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 and the new kernel. Therefore it | |
3075 | is necessary to also update systemd in the initramfs if using the | |
e40a326c | 3076 | unified hierarchy. An updated SELinux policy is also required. |
96515dbf | 3077 | |
e40a326c LP |
3078 | * LLDP support has been extended, and both passive (receive-only) and |
3079 | active (sender) modes are supported. Passive mode ("routers-only") is | |
8951eaec ZJS |
3080 | enabled by default in systemd-networkd. Active LLDP mode is enabled |
3081 | by default for containers on the internal network. The "networkctl | |
e40a326c LP |
3082 | lldp" command may be used to list information gathered. "networkctl |
3083 | status" will also show basic LLDP information on connected peers now. | |
96515dbf | 3084 | |
e40a326c LP |
3085 | * The IAID and DUID unique identifier sent in DHCP requests may now be |
3086 | configured for the system and each .network file managed by | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3087 | systemd-networkd using the DUIDType=, DUIDRawData=, IAID= options. |
3088 | ||
3089 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring proxy ARP support for | |
3090 | each interface, via the ProxyArp= setting in .network files. It also | |
3091 | gained support for configuring the multicast querier feature of | |
3092 | bridge devices, via the new MulticastQuerier= setting in .netdev | |
3093 | files. Similarly, snooping on the IGMP traffic can be controlled | |
3094 | via the new setting MulticastSnooping=. | |
3095 | ||
3096 | A new setting PreferredLifetime= has been added for addresses | |
3097 | configured in .network file to configure the lifetime intended for an | |
3098 | address. | |
3099 | ||
3100 | The systemd-networkd DHCP server gained the option EmitRouter=, which | |
3101 | defaults to yes, to configure whether the DHCP Option 3 (Router) | |
3102 | should be emitted. | |
96515dbf | 3103 | |
e40a326c | 3104 | * The testing tool /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-activate is renamed to |
97e5530c ZJS |
3105 | systemd-socket-activate and installed into /usr/bin. It is now fully |
3106 | supported. | |
3107 | ||
e40a326c LP |
3108 | * systemd-journald now uses separate threads to flush changes to disk |
3109 | when closing journal files, thus reducing impact of slow disk I/O on | |
3110 | logging performance. | |
96515dbf | 3111 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3112 | * The sd-journal API gained two new calls |
3113 | sd_journal_open_directory_fd() and sd_journal_open_files_fd() which | |
3114 | can be used to open journal files using file descriptors instead of | |
3115 | file or directory paths. sd_journal_open_container() has been | |
3116 | deprecated, sd_journal_open_directory_fd() should be used instead | |
3117 | with the flag SD_JOURNAL_OS_ROOT. | |
3118 | ||
3119 | * journalctl learned a new output mode "-o short-unix" that outputs log | |
3120 | lines prefixed by their UNIX time (i.e. seconds since Jan 1st, 1970 | |
3121 | UTC). It also gained support for a new --no-hostname setting to | |
3122 | suppress the hostname column in the family of "short" output modes. | |
3123 | ||
e40a326c LP |
3124 | * systemd-ask-password now optionally skips printing of the password to |
3125 | stdout with --no-output which can be useful in scripts. | |
96515dbf ZJS |
3126 | |
3127 | * Framebuffer devices (/dev/fb*) and 3D printers and scanners | |
3128 | (devices tagged with ID_MAKER_TOOL) are now tagged with | |
3129 | "uaccess" and are available to logged in users. | |
3130 | ||
e75690c3 | 3131 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports specifiers (with "%"). |
e40a326c LP |
3132 | |
3133 | * "systemctl show" gained a new --value switch, which allows print a | |
3134 | only the contents of a specific unit property, without also printing | |
8951eaec ZJS |
3135 | the property's name. Similar support was added to "show*" verbs |
3136 | of loginctl and machinectl that output "key=value" lists. | |
e40a326c | 3137 | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3138 | * A new unit type "generated" was added for files dynamically generated |
3139 | by generator tools. Similarly, a new unit type "transient" is used | |
3140 | for unit files created using the runtime API. "systemctl enable" will | |
3141 | refuse to operate on such files. | |
3142 | ||
e40a326c LP |
3143 | * A new command "systemctl revert" has been added that may be used to |
3144 | revert to the vendor version of a unit file, in case local changes | |
3145 | have been made by adding drop-ins or overriding the unit file. | |
3146 | ||
3147 | * "machinectl clean" gained a new verb to automatically remove all or | |
3148 | just hidden container images. | |
3149 | ||
e40a326c LP |
3150 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for a new line type "e" for emptying |
3151 | directories, if they exist, without creating them if they don't. | |
3152 | ||
e40a326c LP |
3153 | * systemd-nspawn gained support for automatically patching the UID/GIDs |
3154 | of the owners and the ACLs of all files and directories in a | |
3155 | container tree to match the UID/GID user namespacing range selected | |
3156 | for the container invocation. This mode is enabled via the new | |
24597ee0 ZJS |
3157 | --private-users-chown switch. It also gained support for |
3158 | automatically choosing a free, previously unused UID/GID range when | |
3159 | starting a container, via the new --private-users=pick setting (which | |
3160 | implies --private-users-chown). Together, these options for the first | |
3161 | time make user namespacing for nspawn containers fully automatic and | |
3162 | thus deployable. The systemd-nspawn@.service template unit file has | |
3163 | been changed to use this functionality by default. | |
e40a326c | 3164 | |
25b0e6cb LP |
3165 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-zone= switch, that allows |
3166 | creating ad-hoc virtual Ethernet links between multiple containers, | |
3167 | that only exist as long as at least one container referencing them is | |
3168 | running. This allows easy connecting of multiple containers with a | |
3169 | common link that implements an Ethernet broadcast domain. Each of | |
3170 | these network "zones" may be named relatively freely by the user, and | |
3171 | may be referenced by any number of containers, but each container may | |
3172 | only reference one of these "zones". On the lower level, this is | |
3173 | implemented by an automatically managed bridge network interface for | |
3174 | each zone, that is created when the first container referencing its | |
3175 | zone is created and removed when the last one referencing its zone | |
3176 | terminates. | |
3177 | ||
e40a326c | 3178 | * The default start timeout may now be configured on the kernel command |
8951eaec ZJS |
3179 | line via systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=. It was already |
3180 | configurable via the DefaultTimeoutStartSec= option in | |
3181 | /etc/systemd/system.conf. | |
e40a326c | 3182 | |
030bd839 | 3183 | * Socket units gained a new TriggerLimitIntervalSec= and |
e40a326c LP |
3184 | TriggerLimitBurst= setting to configure a limit on the activation |
3185 | rate of the socket unit. | |
3186 | ||
3187 | * The LimitNICE= setting now optionally takes normal UNIX nice values | |
3188 | in addition to the raw integer limit value. If the specified | |
3189 | parameter is prefixed with "+" or "-" and is in the range -20..19 the | |
3190 | value is understood as UNIX nice value. If not prefixed like this it | |
3191 | is understood as raw RLIMIT_NICE limit. | |
3192 | ||
999a43f8 LP |
3193 | * Note that the effect of the PrivateDevices= unit file setting changed |
3194 | slightly with this release: the per-device /dev file system will be | |
3195 | mounted read-only from this version on, and will have "noexec" | |
188d3082 | 3196 | set. This (minor) change of behavior might cause some (exceptional) |
999a43f8 LP |
3197 | legacy software to break, when PrivateDevices=yes is set for its |
3198 | service. Please leave PrivateDevices= off if you run into problems | |
3199 | with this. | |
3200 | ||
e75690c3 ZJS |
3201 | * systemd-bootchart has been split out to a separate repository: |
3202 | https://github.com/systemd/systemd-bootchart | |
3203 | ||
3204 | * systemd-bus-proxyd has been removed, as kdbus is unlikely to still be | |
3205 | merged into the kernel in its current form. | |
3206 | ||
3207 | * The compatibility libraries libsystemd-daemon.so, | |
3208 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-id128.so, and libsystemd-login.so | |
3209 | which have been deprecated since systemd-209 have been removed along | |
3210 | with the corresponding pkg-config files. All symbols provided by | |
3211 | those libraries are provided by libsystemd.so. | |
3212 | ||
3213 | * The Capabilities= unit file setting has been removed (it is ignored | |
3214 | for backwards compatibility). AmbientCapabilities= and | |
3215 | CapabilityBoundingSet= should be used instead. | |
3216 | ||
4f9020fa DR |
3217 | * A new special target has been added, initrd-root-device.target, |
3218 | which creates a synchronization point for dependencies of the root | |
3219 | device in early userspace. Initramfs builders must ensure that this | |
3220 | target is now included in early userspace. | |
3221 | ||
e75690c3 ZJS |
3222 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alexander Kuleshov, Alexander Shopov, |
3223 | Alex Crawford, Andre Klärner, Andrew Eikum, Beniamino Galvani, Benjamin | |
3224 | Robin, Biao Lu, Bjørnar Ness, Calvin Owens, Christian Hesse, Clemens | |
3225 | Gruber, Colin Guthrie, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel J Walsh, | |
3226 | Daniel Mack, Dan Nicholson, daurnimator, David Herrmann, David | |
3227 | R. Hedges, Elias Probst, Emmanuel Gil Peyrot, EMOziko, Evgeny | |
3228 | Vereshchagin, Federico, Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck | |
3229 | Bui, frankheckenbach, gdamjan, Georgia Brikis, Harald Hoyer, Hendrik | |
77ff6022 CG |
3230 | Brueckner, Hristo Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Ian Kelling, Ismo |
3231 | Puustinen, Jakub Wilk, Jaroslav Škarvada, Jeff Huang, Joel Holdsworth, | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3232 | John Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathan Boulle, kayrus, Klearchos |
3233 | Chaloulos, Kyle Russell, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir | |
3234 | Rintel, Lukáš Nykrýn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, | |
77ff6022 CG |
3235 | Michael Biebl, michaelolbrich, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Koutný, |
3236 | Michal Sekletar, Mike Frysinger, Mike Gilbert, Mingcong Bai, Ming Lin, | |
3237 | mulkieran, muzena, Nalin Dahyabhai, Naohiro Aota, Nathan McSween, | |
e75690c3 ZJS |
3238 | Nicolas Braud-Santoni, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, |
3239 | Petr Lautrbach, Petros Angelatos, Piotr Drąg, Rabin Vincent, Robert | |
3240 | Węcławski, Ronny Chevalier, Samuel Tardieu, Stefan Saraev, Stefan | |
3241 | Schallenberg aka nafets227, Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
3242 | Plantefève, Taylor Smock, Tejun Heo, Thomas Blume, Thomas Haller, | |
3243 | Thomas H. P. Andersen, Tobias Klauser, Tom Gundersen, topimiettinen, | |
46e40fab ZJS |
3244 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uwe Kleine-König, Victor Toso, |
3245 | Vinay Kulkarni, Vito Caputo, Vittorio G (VittGam), Vladimir Panteleev, | |
3246 | Wieland Hoffmann, Wouter Verhelst, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew | |
3247 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
e40a326c | 3248 | |
46e40fab | 3249 | — Fairfax, 2016-05-21 |
96515dbf | 3250 | |
61f32bff MP |
3251 | CHANGES WITH 229: |
3252 | ||
d5f8b295 LP |
3253 | * The systemd-resolved DNS resolver service has gained a substantial |
3254 | set of new features, most prominently it may now act as a DNSSEC | |
3255 | validating stub resolver. DNSSEC mode is currently turned off by | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3256 | default, but is expected to be turned on by default in one of the |
3257 | next releases. For now, we invite everybody to test the DNSSEC logic | |
3258 | by setting DNSSEC=allow-downgrade in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf. The | |
3259 | service also gained a full set of D-Bus interfaces, including calls | |
3260 | to configure DNS and DNSSEC settings per link (for use by external | |
3261 | network management software). systemd-resolved and systemd-networkd | |
3262 | now distinguish between "search" and "routing" domains. The former | |
3263 | are used to qualify single-label names, the latter are used purely | |
3264 | for routing lookups within certain domains to specific links. | |
3265 | resolved now also synthesizes RRs for all entries from /etc/hosts. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3266 | |
3267 | * The systemd-resolve tool (which is a client utility for | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3268 | systemd-resolved) has been improved considerably and is now fully |
3269 | supported and documented. Hence it has moved from /usr/lib/systemd to | |
3270 | /usr/bin. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3271 | |
3272 | * /dev/disk/by-path/ symlink support has been (re-)added for virtio | |
3273 | devices. | |
3274 | ||
a7c723c0 LP |
3275 | * The coredump collection logic has been reworked: when a coredump is |
3276 | collected it is now written to disk, compressed and processed | |
3277 | (including stacktrace extraction) from a new instantiated service | |
3278 | systemd-coredump@.service, instead of directly from the | |
3279 | /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook we provide. This is beneficial as | |
3280 | processing large coredumps can take up a substantial amount of | |
3281 | resources and time, and this previously happened entirely outside of | |
3282 | systemd's service supervision. With the new logic the core_pattern | |
3283 | hook only does minimal metadata collection before passing off control | |
3284 | to the new instantiated service, which is configured with a time | |
3285 | limit, a nice level and other settings to minimize negative impact on | |
3286 | the rest of the system. Also note that the new logic will honour the | |
3287 | RLIMIT_CORE setting of the crashed process, which now allows users | |
3288 | and processes to turn off coredumping for their processes by setting | |
3289 | this limit. | |
3290 | ||
3291 | * The RLIMIT_CORE resource limit now defaults to "unlimited" for PID 1 | |
3292 | and all forked processes by default. Previously, PID 1 would leave | |
3293 | the setting at "0" for all processes, as set by the kernel. Note that | |
3294 | the resource limit traditionally has no effect on the generated | |
3295 | coredumps on the system if the /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook | |
3296 | logic is used. Since the limit is now honoured (see above) its | |
3297 | default has been changed so that the coredumping logic is enabled by | |
3298 | default for all processes, while allowing specific opt-out. | |
3299 | ||
3300 | * When the stacktrace is extracted from processes of system users, this | |
3301 | is now done as "systemd-coredump" user, in order to sandbox this | |
3302 | potentially security sensitive parsing operation. (Note that when | |
3303 | processing coredumps of normal users this is done under the user ID | |
3304 | of process that crashed, as before.) Packagers should take notice | |
3305 | that it is now necessary to create the "systemd-coredump" system user | |
3306 | and group at package installation time. | |
3307 | ||
d5f8b295 LP |
3308 | * The systemd-activate socket activation testing tool gained support |
3309 | for SOCK_DGRAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets using the new --datagram | |
3310 | and --seqpacket switches. It also has been extended to support both | |
3311 | new-style and inetd-style file descriptor passing. Use the new | |
3312 | --inetd switch to request inetd-style file descriptor passing. | |
3313 | ||
8968aea0 MP |
3314 | * Most systemd tools now honor a new $SYSTEMD_COLORS environment |
3315 | variable, which takes a boolean value. If set to false, ANSI color | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3316 | output is disabled in the tools even when run on a terminal that |
3317 | supports it. | |
3318 | ||
3319 | * The VXLAN support in networkd now supports two new settings | |
3320 | DestinationPort= and PortRange=. | |
3321 | ||
3322 | * A new systemd.machine_id= kernel command line switch has been added, | |
3323 | that may be used to set the machine ID in /etc/machine-id if it is | |
3324 | not initialized yet. This command line option has no effect if the | |
3325 | file is already initialized. | |
3326 | ||
3327 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --as-pid2 switch that invokes any | |
3328 | specified command line as PID 2 rather than PID 1 in the | |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3329 | container. In this mode PID 1 is a minimal stub init process that |
3330 | implements the special POSIX and Linux semantics of PID 1 regarding | |
3331 | signal and child process management. Note that this stub init process | |
3332 | is implemented in nspawn itself and requires no support from the | |
3333 | container image. This new logic is useful to support running | |
3334 | arbitrary commands in the container, as normal processes are | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3335 | generally not prepared to run as PID 1. |
3336 | ||
3337 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --chdir= switch for setting the current | |
3338 | working directory for the process started in the container. | |
3339 | ||
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3340 | * "journalctl /dev/sda" will now output all kernel log messages for |
3341 | specified device from the current boot, in addition to all devices | |
3342 | that are parents of it. This should make log output about devices | |
3343 | pretty useful, as long as kernel drivers attach enough metadata to | |
3344 | the log messages. (The usual SATA drivers do.) | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3345 | |
3346 | * The sd-journal API gained two new calls | |
3347 | sd_journal_has_runtime_files() and sd_journal_has_persistent_files() | |
3348 | that report whether log data from /run or /var has been found. | |
3349 | ||
3350 | * journalctl gained a new switch "--fields" that prints all journal | |
3351 | record field names currently in use in the journal. This is backed | |
3352 | by two new sd-journal API calls sd_journal_enumerate_fields() and | |
3353 | sd_journal_restart_fields(). | |
3354 | ||
3355 | * Most configurable timeouts in systemd now expect an argument of | |
8968aea0 MP |
3356 | "infinity" to turn them off, instead of "0" as before. The semantics |
3357 | from now on is that a timeout of "0" means "now", and "infinity" | |
3358 | means "never". To maintain backwards compatibility, "0" continues to | |
3359 | turn off previously existing timeout settings. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3360 | |
3361 | * "systemctl reload-or-try-restart" has been renamed to "systemctl | |
8968aea0 MP |
3362 | try-reload-or-restart" to clarify what it actually does: the "try" |
3363 | logic applies to both reloading and restarting, not just restarting. | |
3364 | The old name continues to be accepted for compatibility. | |
3365 | ||
3366 | * On boot-up, when PID 1 detects that the system clock is behind the | |
3367 | release date of the systemd version in use, the clock is now set | |
3368 | to the latter. Previously, this was already done in timesyncd, in order | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3369 | to avoid running with clocks set to the various clock epochs such as |
3370 | 1902, 1938 or 1970. With this change the logic is now done in PID 1 | |
3371 | in addition to timesyncd during early boot-up, so that it is enforced | |
3372 | before the first process is spawned by systemd. Note that the logic | |
3373 | in timesyncd remains, as it is more comprehensive and ensures | |
ed5f8840 | 3374 | clock monotonicity by maintaining a persistent timestamp file in |
d5f8b295 LP |
3375 | /var. Since /var is generally not available in earliest boot or the |
3376 | initrd, this part of the logic remains in timesyncd, and is not done | |
3377 | by PID 1. | |
3378 | ||
50f48ad3 DM |
3379 | * Support for tweaking details in net_cls.class_id through the |
3380 | NetClass= configuration directive has been removed, as the kernel | |
3381 | people have decided to deprecate that controller in cgroup v2. | |
3382 | Userspace tools such as nftables are moving over to setting rules | |
3383 | that are specific to the full cgroup path of a task, which obsoletes | |
3384 | these controllers anyway. The NetClass= directive is kept around for | |
3385 | legacy compatibility reasons. For a more in-depth description of the | |
3386 | kernel change, please refer to the respective upstream commit: | |
3387 | ||
3388 | https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=bd1060a1d671 | |
3389 | ||
d5f8b295 | 3390 | * A new service setting RuntimeMaxSec= has been added that may be used |
8968aea0 | 3391 | to specify a maximum runtime for a service. If the timeout is hit, the |
d5f8b295 LP |
3392 | service is terminated and put into a failure state. |
3393 | ||
8968aea0 MP |
3394 | * A new service setting AmbientCapabilities= has been added. It allows |
3395 | configuration of additional Linux process capabilities that are | |
3396 | passed to the activated processes. This is only available on very | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3397 | recent kernels. |
3398 | ||
3399 | * The process resource limit settings in service units may now be used | |
3400 | to configure hard and soft limits individually. | |
3401 | ||
8968aea0 | 3402 | * The various libsystemd APIs such as sd-bus or sd-event now publicly |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3403 | expose support for gcc's __attribute__((cleanup())) C extension. |
3404 | Specifically, for many object destructor functions alternative | |
3405 | versions have been added that have names suffixed with "p" and take a | |
3406 | pointer to a pointer to the object to destroy, instead of just a | |
3407 | pointer to the object itself. This is useful because these destructor | |
3408 | functions may be used directly as parameters to the cleanup | |
3409 | construct. Internally, systemd has been a heavy user of this GCC | |
3410 | extension for a long time, and with this change similar support is | |
3411 | now available to consumers of the library outside of systemd. Note | |
8968aea0 | 3412 | that by using this extension in your sources compatibility with old |
ed5f8840 ZJS |
3413 | and strictly ANSI compatible C compilers is lost. However, all gcc or |
3414 | LLVM versions of recent years support this extension. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3415 | |
3416 | * Timer units gained support for a new setting RandomizedDelaySec= that | |
8968aea0 MP |
3417 | allows configuring some additional randomized delay to the configured |
3418 | time. This is useful to spread out timer events to avoid load peaks in | |
3419 | clusters or larger setups. | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3420 | |
3421 | * Calendar time specifications now support sub-second accuracy. | |
3422 | ||
3423 | * Socket units now support listening on SCTP and UDP-lite protocol | |
3424 | sockets. | |
3425 | ||
3426 | * The sd-event API now comes with a full set of man pages. | |
3427 | ||
3428 | * Older versions of systemd contained experimental support for | |
3429 | compressing journal files and coredumps with the LZ4 compressor that | |
3430 | was not compatible with the lz4 binary (due to API limitations of the | |
3431 | lz4 library). This support has been removed; only support for files | |
3432 | compatible with the lz4 binary remains. This LZ4 logic is now | |
3433 | officially supported and no longer considered experimental. | |
3434 | ||
3435 | * The dkr image import logic has been removed again from importd. dkr's | |
3436 | micro-services focus doesn't fit into the machine image focus of | |
3437 | importd, and quickly got out of date with the upstream dkr API. | |
3438 | ||
3439 | * Creation of the /run/lock/lockdev/ directory was dropped from | |
3440 | tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf. Better locking mechanisms like flock() have | |
61f32bff MP |
3441 | been available for many years. If you still need this, you need to |
3442 | create your own tmpfiles.d config file with: | |
d5f8b295 LP |
3443 | |
3444 | d /run/lock/lockdev 0775 root lock - | |
61f32bff | 3445 | |
dd95b381 LP |
3446 | * The settings StartLimitBurst=, StartLimitInterval=, StartLimitAction= |
3447 | and RebootArgument= have been moved from the [Service] section of | |
3448 | unit files to [Unit], and they are now supported on all unit types, | |
3449 | not just service units. Of course, systemd will continue to | |
3450 | understand these settings also at the old location, in order to | |
3451 | maintain compatibility. | |
3452 | ||
3545ab35 LP |
3453 | Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Alban Crequy, Aleksander |
3454 | Adamowski, Alexander Kuleshov, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei Borzenkov, | |
3455 | Andrew Wilcox, Arthur Clement, Beniamino Galvani, Casey Schaufler, | |
3456 | Chris Atkinson, Chris Mayo, Christian Hesse, Damjan Georgievski, Dan | |
3457 | Dedrick, Daniele Medri, Daniel J Walsh, Daniel Korostil, Daniel Mack, | |
3458 | David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dominik Hannen, Douglas Christman, | |
3459 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Gabor Kelemen, | |
3460 | Harald Hoyer, Hayden Walles, Helmut Grohne, Henrik Kaare Poulsen, | |
3461 | Hristo Venev, Hui Wang, Indrajit Raychaudhuri, Ismo Puustinen, Jakub | |
3462 | Wilk, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, | |
3463 | Joost Bremmer, Jorgen Schaefer, Karel Zak, Klearchos Chaloulos, | |
3464 | lc85446, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
3465 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, | |
3466 | Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, Nicolas Cornu, Nicolas Iooss, Nils | |
3467 | Carlson, nmartensen, nnz1024, Patrick Ohly, Peter Hutterer, Phillip Sz, | |
3468 | Ronny Chevalier, Samu Kallio, Shawn Landden, Stef Walter, Susant | |
3469 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Tadej Janež, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
3470 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito | |
3471 | Caputo, WaLyong Cho, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3472 | ||
ccddd104 | 3473 | — Berlin, 2016-02-11 |
61f32bff | 3474 | |
a11c7ea5 LP |
3475 | CHANGES WITH 228: |
3476 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
3477 | * A number of properties previously only settable in unit |
3478 | files are now also available as properties to set when | |
3479 | creating transient units programmatically via the bus, as it | |
3480 | is exposed with systemd-run's --property= | |
3481 | setting. Specifically, these are: SyslogIdentifier=, | |
3482 | SyslogLevelPrefix=, TimerSlackNSec=, OOMScoreAdjust=, | |
3483 | EnvironmentFile=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
3484 | ReadOnlyDirectories=, InaccessibleDirectories=, | |
3485 | ProtectSystem=, ProtectHome=, RuntimeDirectory=. | |
3486 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3487 | * When creating transient services via the bus API it is now |
3488 | possible to pass in a set of file descriptors to use as | |
3489 | STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR for the invoked process. | |
a11c7ea5 | 3490 | |
f1f8a5a5 LP |
3491 | * Slice units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs, |
3492 | similar to the way service and scope units may already be | |
3493 | created transiently. | |
3494 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
3495 | * Wherever systemd expects a calendar timestamp specification |
3496 | (like in journalctl's --since= and --until= switches) UTC | |
3497 | timestamps are now supported. Timestamps suffixed with "UTC" | |
3498 | are now considered to be in Universal Time Coordinated | |
3499 | instead of the local timezone. Also, timestamps may now | |
815bb5bd | 3500 | optionally be specified with sub-second accuracy. Both of |
a11c7ea5 LP |
3501 | these additions also apply to recurring calendar event |
3502 | specification, such as OnCalendar= in timer units. | |
3503 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3504 | * journalctl gained a new "--sync" switch that asks the |
3505 | journal daemon to write all so far unwritten log messages to | |
3506 | disk and sync the files, before returning. | |
3507 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
3508 | * systemd-tmpfiles learned two new line types "q" and "Q" that |
3509 | operate like "v", but also set up a basic btrfs quota | |
3510 | hierarchy when used on a btrfs file system with quota | |
3511 | enabled. | |
3512 | ||
f1f8a5a5 LP |
3513 | * tmpfiles' "v", "q" and "Q" will now create a plain directory |
3514 | instead of a subvolume (even on a btrfs file system) if the | |
3515 | root directory is a plain directory, and not a | |
3516 | subvolume. This should simplify things with certain chroot() | |
3517 | environments which are not aware of the concept of btrfs | |
3518 | subvolumes. | |
3519 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
3520 | * systemd-detect-virt gained a new --chroot switch to detect |
3521 | whether execution takes place in a chroot() environment. | |
3522 | ||
28c85daf | 3523 | * CPUAffinity= now takes CPU index ranges in addition to |
a11c7ea5 LP |
3524 | individual indexes. |
3525 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3526 | * The various memory-related resource limit settings (such as |
3527 | LimitAS=) now understand the usual K, M, G, ... suffixes to | |
3528 | the base of 1024 (IEC). Similar, the time-related resource | |
3529 | limit settings understand the usual min, h, day, ... | |
3530 | suffixes now. | |
3531 | ||
f1f8a5a5 LP |
3532 | * There's a new system.conf setting DefaultTasksMax= to |
3533 | control the default TasksMax= setting for services and | |
3534 | scopes running on the system. (TasksMax= is the primary | |
3535 | setting that exposes the "pids" cgroup controller on systemd | |
3536 | and was introduced in the previous systemd release.) The | |
3537 | setting now defaults to 512, which means services that are | |
3538 | not explicitly configured otherwise will only be able to | |
3539 | create 512 processes or threads at maximum, from this | |
3540 | version on. Note that this means that thread- or | |
3541 | process-heavy services might need to be reconfigured to set | |
3542 | TasksMax= to a higher value. It is sufficient to set | |
3543 | TasksMax= in these specific unit files to a higher value, or | |
3544 | even "infinity". Similar, there's now a logind.conf setting | |
3545 | UserTasksMax= that defaults to 4096 and limits the total | |
3546 | number of processes or tasks each user may own | |
3547 | concurrently. nspawn containers also have the TasksMax= | |
3548 | value set by default now, to 8192. Note that all of this | |
3549 | only has an effect if the "pids" cgroup controller is | |
3550 | enabled in the kernel. The general benefit of these changes | |
3551 | should be a more robust and safer system, that provides a | |
3552 | certain amount of per-service fork() bomb protection. | |
3553 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3554 | * systemd-nspawn gained the new --network-veth-extra= switch |
3555 | to define additional and arbitrarily-named virtual Ethernet | |
3556 | links between the host and the container. | |
3557 | ||
3558 | * A new service execution setting PassEnvironment= has been | |
3559 | added that allows importing select environment variables | |
3560 | from PID1's environment block into the environment block of | |
3561 | the service. | |
3562 | ||
ddb4b0d3 | 3563 | * Timer units gained support for a new RemainAfterElapse= |
595bfe7d | 3564 | setting which takes a boolean argument. It defaults to on, |
ddb4b0d3 LP |
3565 | exposing behaviour unchanged to previous releases. If set to |
3566 | off, timer units are unloaded after they elapsed if they | |
3567 | cannot elapse again. This is particularly useful for | |
3568 | transient timer units, which shall not stay around longer | |
3569 | than until they first elapse. | |
3570 | ||
a11c7ea5 | 3571 | * systemd will now bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen to 512 by |
28c85daf LP |
3572 | default now (the kernel default is 16). This is beneficial |
3573 | for avoiding blocking on AF_UNIX/SOCK_DGRAM sockets since it | |
a11c7ea5 LP |
3574 | allows substantially larger numbers of queued |
3575 | datagrams. This should increase the capability of systemd to | |
3576 | parallelize boot-up, as logging and sd_notify() are unlikely | |
3577 | to stall execution anymore. If you need to change the value | |
3578 | from the new defaults, use the usual sysctl.d/ snippets. | |
3579 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3580 | * The compression framing format used by the journal or |
3581 | coredump processing has changed to be in line with what the | |
3582 | official LZ4 tools generate. LZ4 compression support in | |
3583 | systemd was considered unsupported previously, as the format | |
3584 | was not compatible with the normal tools. With this release | |
3585 | this has changed now, and it is hence safe for downstream | |
3586 | distributions to turn it on. While not compressing as well | |
815bb5bd | 3587 | as the XZ, LZ4 is substantially faster, which makes |
28c85daf LP |
3588 | it a good default choice for the compression logic in the |
3589 | journal and in coredump handling. | |
a11c7ea5 | 3590 | |
28c85daf LP |
3591 | * Any reference to /etc/mtab has been dropped from |
3592 | systemd. The file has been obsolete since a while, but | |
3593 | systemd refused to work on systems where it was incorrectly | |
815bb5bd | 3594 | set up (it should be a symlink or non-existent). Please make |
28c85daf LP |
3595 | sure to update to util-linux 2.27.1 or newer in conjunction |
3596 | with this systemd release, which also drops any reference to | |
3597 | /etc/mtab. If you maintain a distribution make sure that no | |
3598 | software you package still references it, as this is a | |
3599 | likely source of bugs. There's also a glibc bug pending, | |
3600 | asking for removal of any reference to this obsolete file: | |
3601 | ||
3602 | https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19108 | |
a11c7ea5 | 3603 | |
d5bd92bb LP |
3604 | Note that only util-linux versions built with |
3605 | --enable-libmount-force-mountinfo are supported. | |
3606 | ||
a11c7ea5 LP |
3607 | * Support for the ".snapshot" unit type has been removed. This |
3608 | feature turned out to be little useful and little used, and | |
3609 | has now been removed from the core and from systemctl. | |
3610 | ||
b9e2f7eb LP |
3611 | * The dependency types RequiresOverridable= and |
3612 | RequisiteOverridable= have been removed from systemd. They | |
3613 | have been used only very sparingly to our knowledge and | |
3614 | other options that provide a similar effect (such as | |
3615 | systemctl --mode=ignore-dependencies) are much more useful | |
3616 | and commonly used. Moreover, they were only half-way | |
3617 | implemented as the option to control behaviour regarding | |
3618 | these dependencies was never added to systemctl. By removing | |
3619 | these dependency types the execution engine becomes a bit | |
3620 | simpler. Unit files that use these dependencies should be | |
3621 | changed to use the non-Overridable dependency types | |
3622 | instead. In fact, when parsing unit files with these | |
3623 | options, that's what systemd will automatically convert them | |
3624 | too, but it will also warn, asking users to fix the unit | |
3625 | files accordingly. Removal of these dependency types should | |
3626 | only affect a negligible number of unit files in the wild. | |
3627 | ||
3628 | * Behaviour of networkd's IPForward= option changed | |
3629 | (again). It will no longer maintain a per-interface setting, | |
3630 | but propagate one way from interfaces where this is enabled | |
3631 | to the global kernel setting. The global setting will be | |
3632 | enabled when requested by a network that is set up, but | |
3633 | never be disabled again. This change was made to make sure | |
3634 | IPv4 and IPv6 behaviour regarding packet forwarding is | |
3635 | similar (as the Linux IPv6 stack does not support | |
3636 | per-interface control of this setting) and to minimize | |
3637 | surprises. | |
3638 | ||
28c85daf LP |
3639 | * In unit files the behaviour of %u, %U, %h, %s has |
3640 | changed. These specifiers will now unconditionally resolve | |
3641 | to the various user database fields of the user that the | |
3642 | systemd instance is running as, instead of the user | |
3643 | configured in the specific unit via User=. Note that this | |
3644 | effectively doesn't change much, as resolving of these | |
3645 | specifiers was already turned off in the --system instance | |
3646 | of systemd, as we cannot do NSS lookups from PID 1. In the | |
3647 | --user instance of systemd these specifiers where correctly | |
3648 | resolved, but hardly made any sense, since the user instance | |
3649 | lacks privileges to do user switches anyway, and User= is | |
ce830873 | 3650 | hence useless. Moreover, even in the --user instance of |
28c85daf LP |
3651 | systemd behaviour was awkward as it would only take settings |
3652 | from User= assignment placed before the specifier into | |
3653 | account. In order to unify and simplify the logic around | |
3654 | this the specifiers will now always resolve to the | |
3655 | credentials of the user invoking the manager (which in case | |
3656 | of PID 1 is the root user). | |
3657 | ||
3658 | Contributions from: Andrew Jones, Beniamino Galvani, Boyuan | |
3659 | Yang, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, David | |
3660 | Reynolds, David Strauss, Dongsu Park, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
f1f8a5a5 LP |
3661 | Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Hristo |
3662 | Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
3663 | Synacek, Jesus Ornelas Aguayo, Karel Zak, kayrus, Kay Sievers, | |
3664 | Lennart Poettering, Liu Yuan Yuan, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
3665 | Holtmann, Marcin Bachry, Marcos Alano, Marcos Mello, Mark | |
3666 | Theunissen, Martin Pitt, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
3667 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nick Owens, | |
3668 | Nicolas Cornu, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, reverendhomer, | |
3669 | Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Shawn Landden, | |
3670 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
3671 | Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Vito Caputo, Zbigniew | |
3672 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
28c85daf | 3673 | |
ccddd104 | 3674 | — Berlin, 2015-11-18 |
a11c7ea5 | 3675 | |
c97e586d DM |
3676 | CHANGES WITH 227: |
3677 | ||
3678 | * systemd now depends on util-linux v2.27. More specifically, | |
3679 | the newly added mount monitor feature in libmount now | |
3680 | replaces systemd's former own implementation. | |
3681 | ||
3682 | * libmount mandates /etc/mtab not to be regular file, and | |
3683 | systemd now enforces this condition at early boot. | |
3684 | /etc/mtab has been deprecated and warned about for a very | |
3685 | long time, so systems running systemd should already have | |
3686 | stopped having this file around as anything else than a | |
3687 | symlink to /proc/self/mounts. | |
3688 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
3689 | * Support for the "pids" cgroup controller has been added. It |
3690 | allows accounting the number of tasks in a cgroup and | |
c97e586d DM |
3691 | enforcing limits on it. This adds two new setting |
3692 | TasksAccounting= and TasksMax= to each unit, as well as a | |
6fd5517b | 3693 | global option DefaultTasksAccounting=. |
c97e586d DM |
3694 | |
3695 | * Support for the "net_cls" cgroup controller has been added. | |
fe08a30b LP |
3696 | It allows assigning a net class ID to each task in the |
3697 | cgroup, which can then be used in firewall rules and traffic | |
3698 | shaping configurations. Note that the kernel netfilter net | |
3699 | class code does not currently work reliably for ingress | |
3700 | packets on unestablished sockets. | |
c97e586d DM |
3701 | |
3702 | This adds a new config directive called NetClass= to CGroup | |
6fd5517b | 3703 | enabled units. Allowed values are positive numbers for fixed |
c97e586d DM |
3704 | assignments and "auto" for picking a free value |
3705 | automatically. | |
3706 | ||
21d86c61 DM |
3707 | * 'systemctl is-system-running' now returns 'offline' if the |
3708 | system is not booted with systemd. This command can now be | |
3709 | used as a substitute for 'systemd-notify --booted'. | |
3710 | ||
3711 | * Watchdog timeouts have been increased to 3 minutes for all | |
3712 | in-tree service files. Apparently, disk IO issues are more | |
3713 | frequent than we hoped, and user reported >1 minute waiting | |
3714 | for disk IO. | |
3715 | ||
3716 | * 'machine-id-commit' functionality has been merged into | |
3717 | 'machine-id-setup --commit'. The separate binary has been | |
3718 | removed. | |
3719 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
3720 | * The WorkingDirectory= directive in unit files may now be set |
3721 | to the special value '~'. In this case, the working | |
3722 | directory is set to the home directory of the user | |
3723 | configured in User=. | |
21d86c61 | 3724 | |
fe08a30b LP |
3725 | * "machinectl shell" will now open the shell in the home |
3726 | directory of the selected user by default. | |
3727 | ||
21d86c61 | 3728 | * The CrashChVT= configuration file setting is renamed to |
d046fb93 LP |
3729 | CrashChangeVT=, following our usual logic of not |
3730 | abbreviating unnecessarily. The old directive is still | |
3731 | supported for compat reasons. Also, this directive now takes | |
3732 | an integer value between 1 and 63, or a boolean value. The | |
3733 | formerly supported '-1' value for disabling stays around for | |
3734 | compat reasons. | |
21d86c61 | 3735 | |
fe08a30b | 3736 | * The PrivateTmp=, PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork=, |
8b5f9d15 | 3737 | NoNewPrivileges=, TTYPath=, WorkingDirectory= and |
fe08a30b LP |
3738 | RootDirectory= properties can now be set for transient |
3739 | units. | |
3740 | ||
3741 | * The systemd-analyze tool gained a new "set-log-target" verb | |
3742 | to change the logging target the system manager logs to | |
3743 | dynamically during runtime. This is similar to how | |
3744 | "systemd-analyze set-log-level" already changes the log | |
3745 | level. | |
3746 | ||
3747 | * In nspawn /sys is now mounted as tmpfs, with only a selected | |
3748 | set of subdirectories mounted in from the real sysfs. This | |
3749 | enhances security slightly, and is useful for ensuring user | |
3750 | namespaces work correctly. | |
3751 | ||
3752 | * Support for USB FunctionFS activation has been added. This | |
3753 | allows implementation of USB gadget services that are | |
3754 | activated as soon as they are requested, so that they don't | |
595bfe7d | 3755 | have to run continuously, similar to classic socket |
fe08a30b LP |
3756 | activation. |
3757 | ||
3758 | * The "systemctl exit" command now optionally takes an | |
3759 | additional parameter that sets the exit code to return from | |
3760 | the systemd manager when exiting. This is only relevant when | |
3761 | running the systemd user instance, or when running the | |
3762 | system instance in a container. | |
3763 | ||
3764 | * sd-bus gained the new API calls sd_bus_path_encode_many() | |
3765 | and sd_bus_path_decode_many() that allow easy encoding and | |
3766 | decoding of multiple identifier strings inside a D-Bus | |
3767 | object path. Another new call sd_bus_default_flush_close() | |
3768 | has been added to flush and close per-thread default | |
3769 | connections. | |
3770 | ||
3771 | * systemd-cgtop gained support for a -M/--machine= switch to | |
3772 | show the control groups within a certain container only. | |
3773 | ||
3774 | * "systemctl kill" gained support for an optional --fail | |
3775 | switch. If specified the requested operation will fail of no | |
3776 | processes have been killed, because the unit had no | |
3777 | processes attached, or similar. | |
3778 | ||
bdba9227 DM |
3779 | * A new systemd.crash_reboot=1 kernel command line option has |
3780 | been added that triggers a reboot after crashing. This can | |
3781 | also be set through CrashReboot= in systemd.conf. | |
3782 | ||
3783 | * The RuntimeDirectory= setting now understands unit | |
3784 | specifiers like %i or %f. | |
3785 | ||
ce830873 | 3786 | * A new (still internal) library API sd-ipv4acd has been added, |
fe08a30b LP |
3787 | that implements address conflict detection for IPv4. It's |
3788 | based on code from sd-ipv4ll, and will be useful for | |
3789 | detecting DHCP address conflicts. | |
3790 | ||
bdba9227 DM |
3791 | * File descriptors passed during socket activation may now be |
3792 | named. A new API sd_listen_fds_with_names() is added to | |
a8eaaee7 | 3793 | access the names. The default names may be overridden, |
bdba9227 DM |
3794 | either in the .socket file using the FileDescriptorName= |
3795 | parameter, or by passing FDNAME= when storing the file | |
3796 | descriptors using sd_notify(). | |
fe08a30b | 3797 | |
d046fb93 LP |
3798 | * systemd-networkd gained support for: |
3799 | ||
0053598f | 3800 | - Setting the IPv6 Router Advertisement settings via |
edf4126f | 3801 | IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= in .network files. |
d046fb93 LP |
3802 | |
3803 | - Configuring the HelloTimeSec=, MaxAgeSec= and | |
3804 | ForwardDelaySec= bridge parameters in .netdev files. | |
3805 | ||
3806 | - Configuring PreferredSource= for static routes in | |
edf4126f | 3807 | .network files. |
fe08a30b | 3808 | |
bdba9227 DM |
3809 | * The "ask-password" framework used to query for LUKS harddisk |
3810 | passwords or SSL passwords during boot gained support for | |
3811 | caching passwords in the kernel keyring, if it is | |
3812 | available. This makes sure that the user only has to type in | |
3813 | a passphrase once if there are multiple objects to unlock | |
3814 | with the same one. Previously, such password caching was | |
3815 | available only when Plymouth was used; this moves the | |
3816 | caching logic into the systemd codebase itself. The | |
3817 | "systemd-ask-password" utility gained a new --keyname= | |
3818 | switch to control which kernel keyring key to use for | |
3819 | caching a password in. This functionality is also useful for | |
3820 | enabling display managers such as gdm to automatically | |
3821 | unlock the user's GNOME keyring if its passphrase, the | |
3822 | user's password and the harddisk password are the same, if | |
3823 | gdm-autologin is used. | |
fe08a30b LP |
3824 | |
3825 | * When downloading tar or raw images using "machinectl | |
3826 | pull-tar" or "machinectl pull-raw", a matching ".nspawn" | |
3827 | file is now also downloaded, if it is available and stored | |
3828 | next to the image file. | |
c97e586d | 3829 | |
91d0d699 LP |
3830 | * Units of type ".socket" gained a new boolean setting |
3831 | Writable= which is only useful in conjunction with | |
3832 | ListenSpecial=. If true, enables opening the specified | |
3833 | special file in O_RDWR mode rather than O_RDONLY mode. | |
3834 | ||
3835 | * systemd-rfkill has been reworked to become a singleton | |
3836 | service that is activated through /dev/rfkill on each rfkill | |
3837 | state change and saves the settings to disk. This way, | |
3838 | systemd-rfkill is now compatible with devices that exist | |
3839 | only intermittendly, and even restores state if the previous | |
3840 | system shutdown was abrupt rather than clean. | |
3841 | ||
d046fb93 LP |
3842 | * The journal daemon gained support for vacuuming old journal |
3843 | files controlled by the number of files that shall remain, | |
3844 | in addition to the already existing control by size and by | |
3845 | date. This is useful as journal interleaving performance | |
6dd6a9c4 | 3846 | degrades with too many separate journal files, and allows |
d046fb93 LP |
3847 | putting an effective limit on them. The new setting defaults |
3848 | to 100, but this may be changed by setting SystemMaxFiles= | |
3849 | and RuntimeMaxFiles= in journald.conf. Also, the | |
3850 | "journalctl" tool gained the new --vacuum-files= switch to | |
3851 | manually vacuum journal files to leave only the specified | |
3852 | number of files in place. | |
c48eb61f | 3853 | |
bdba9227 DM |
3854 | * udev will now create /dev/disk/by-path links for ATA devices |
3855 | on kernels where that is supported. | |
c30f086f | 3856 | |
efce0ffe | 3857 | * Galician, Serbian, Turkish and Korean translations were added. |
c97e586d | 3858 | |
61e6771c LP |
3859 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Alban Crequy, Beniamino |
3860 | Galvani, Benjamin Robin, Branislav Blaskovic, Chen-Han Hsiao | |
3861 | (Stanley), Daniel Buch, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David | |
3862 | Herrmann, David Milburn, doubleodoug, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
3863 | Felipe Franciosi, Filipe Brandenburger, Fran Dieguez, Gabriel | |
3864 | de Perthuis, Georg Müller, Hans de Goede, Hendrik Brueckner, | |
3865 | Ivan Shapovalov, Jacob Keller, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, | |
3866 | Jan Synacek, Jens Kuske, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Krzesimir | |
3867 | Nowak, Krzysztof Kotlenga, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart | |
3868 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, | |
3869 | Marcel Holtmann, Marius Thesing, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
3870 | Michael Gebetsroither, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
3871 | Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, nazgul77, Nicolas Cornu, NoXPhasma, | |
3872 | Olof Johansson, Patrik Flykt, Pawel Szewczyk, reverendhomer, | |
3873 | Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Susant Sahani, | |
3874 | Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
3875 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Lyon, Viktar Vauchkevich, | |
3876 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић | |
3877 | ||
ccddd104 | 3878 | — Berlin, 2015-10-07 |
c97e586d | 3879 | |
c9912c5e DH |
3880 | CHANGES WITH 226: |
3881 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
3882 | * The DHCP implementation of systemd-networkd gained a set of |
3883 | new features: | |
3884 | ||
3885 | - The DHCP server now supports emitting DNS and NTP | |
3886 | information. It may be enabled and configured via | |
3887 | EmitDNS=, DNS=, EmitNTP=, and NTP=. If transmission of DNS | |
3888 | and NTP information is enabled, but no servers are | |
3889 | configured, the corresponding uplink information (if there | |
3890 | is any) is propagated. | |
3891 | ||
3892 | - Server and client now support transmission and reception | |
3893 | of timezone information. It can be configured via the | |
3894 | newly introduced network options UseTimezone=, | |
3895 | EmitTimezone=, and Timezone=. Transmission of timezone | |
3896 | information is enabled between host and containers by | |
3897 | default now: the container will change its local timezone | |
3898 | to what the host has set. | |
3899 | ||
3900 | - Lease timeouts can now be configured via | |
3901 | MaxLeaseTimeSec= and DefaultLeaseTimeSec=. | |
3902 | ||
3903 | - The DHCP server improved on the stability of | |
3904 | leases. Clients are more likely to get the same lease | |
3905 | information back, even if the server loses state. | |
3906 | ||
3907 | - The DHCP server supports two new configuration options to | |
3908 | control the lease address pool metrics, PoolOffset= and | |
3909 | PoolSize=. | |
3910 | ||
3911 | * The encapsulation limit of tunnels in systemd-networkd may | |
3912 | now be configured via 'EncapsulationLimit='. It allows | |
3913 | modifying the maximum additional levels of encapsulation | |
3914 | that are permitted to be prepended to a packet. | |
3915 | ||
3916 | * systemd now supports the concept of user buses replacing | |
3917 | session buses, if used with dbus-1.10 (and enabled via dbus | |
3918 | --enable-user-session). It previously only supported this on | |
3919 | kdbus-enabled systems, and this release expands this to | |
3920 | 'dbus-daemon' systems. | |
3921 | ||
3922 | * systemd-networkd now supports predictable interface names | |
3923 | for virtio devices. | |
3924 | ||
3925 | * systemd now optionally supports the new Linux kernel | |
3926 | "unified" control group hierarchy. If enabled via the kernel | |
3927 | command-line option 'systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1', | |
3928 | systemd will try to mount the unified cgroup hierarchy | |
3929 | directly on /sys/fs/cgroup. If not enabled, or not | |
3930 | available, systemd will fall back to the legacy cgroup | |
3931 | hierarchy setup, as before. Host system and containers can | |
3932 | mix and match legacy and unified hierarchies as they | |
856ca72b | 3933 | wish. nspawn understands the $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY |
5e8d4254 LP |
3934 | environment variable to individually select the hierarchy to |
3935 | use for executed containers. By default, nspawn will use the | |
3936 | unified hierarchy for the containers if the host uses the | |
3937 | unified hierarchy, and the legacy hierarchy otherwise. | |
3938 | Please note that at this point the unified hierarchy is an | |
3939 | experimental kernel feature and is likely to change in one | |
3940 | of the next kernel releases. Therefore, it should not be | |
3941 | enabled by default in downstream distributions yet. The | |
3942 | minimum required kernel version for the unified hierarchy to | |
3943 | work is 4.2. Note that when the unified hierarchy is used | |
3944 | for the first time delegated access to controllers is | |
3945 | safe. Because of this systemd-nspawn containers will get | |
3946 | access to controllers now, as will systemd user | |
3947 | sessions. This means containers and user sessions may now | |
3948 | manage their own resources, partitioning up what the system | |
3949 | grants them. | |
3950 | ||
3951 | * A new special scope unit "init.scope" has been introduced | |
3952 | that encapsulates PID 1 of the system. It may be used to | |
3953 | determine resource usage and enforce resource limits on PID | |
3954 | 1 itself. PID 1 hence moved out of the root of the control | |
3955 | group tree. | |
3956 | ||
3957 | * The cgtop tool gained support for filtering out kernel | |
3958 | threads when counting tasks in a control group. Also, the | |
3959 | count of processes is now recursively summed up by | |
3960 | default. Two options -k and --recursive= have been added to | |
3961 | revert to old behaviour. The tool has also been updated to | |
3962 | work correctly in containers now. | |
3963 | ||
3964 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --bind-ro= options have been | |
3965 | extended to allow creation of non-recursive bind mounts. | |
3966 | ||
c626bf1d DM |
3967 | * libsystemd gained two new calls sd_pid_get_cgroup() and |
3968 | sd_peer_get_cgroup() which return the control group path of | |
5e8d4254 LP |
3969 | a process or peer of a connected AF_UNIX socket. This |
3970 | function call is particularly useful when implementing | |
3971 | delegated subtrees support in the control group hierarchy. | |
3972 | ||
3973 | * The "sd-event" event loop API of libsystemd now supports | |
3974 | correct dequeuing of real-time signals, without losing | |
3975 | signal events. | |
3976 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
3977 | * When systemd requests a polkit decision when managing units it |
3978 | will now add additional fields to the request, including unit | |
3979 | name and desired operation. This enables more powerful polkit | |
3980 | policies, that make decisions depending on these parameters. | |
c9912c5e | 3981 | |
47f5a38c LP |
3982 | * nspawn learnt support for .nspawn settings files, that may |
3983 | accompany the image files or directories of containers, and | |
3984 | may contain additional settings for the container. This is | |
3985 | an alternative to configuring container parameters via the | |
3986 | nspawn command line. | |
3987 | ||
2f77decc LP |
3988 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, David |
3989 | Herrmann, Eugene Yakubovich, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe | |
3990 | Brandenburger, Hans de Goede, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
3991 | Synacek, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mangix, Marcel | |
3992 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michal | |
3993 | Sekletar, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, reverendhomer, Robin | |
3994 | Hack, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Pasche, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
23d08d1b | 3995 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø |
c9912c5e | 3996 | |
ccddd104 | 3997 | — Berlin, 2015-09-08 |
c9912c5e | 3998 | |
ec5249a2 DM |
3999 | CHANGES WITH 225: |
4000 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
4001 | * machinectl gained a new verb 'shell' which opens a fresh |
4002 | shell on the target container or the host. It is similar to | |
4003 | the existing 'login' command of machinectl, but spawns the | |
4004 | shell directly without prompting for username or | |
4005 | password. The pseudo machine '.host' now refers to the local | |
4006 | host and is used by default. Hence, 'machinectl shell' can | |
4007 | be used as replacement for 'su -' which spawns a session as | |
4008 | a fresh systemd unit in a way that is fully isolated from | |
4009 | the originating session. | |
4010 | ||
4011 | * systemd-networkd learned to cope with private-zone DHCP | |
4012 | options and allows other programs to query the values. | |
4013 | ||
4014 | * SELinux access control when enabling/disabling units is no | |
d35f51ea ZJS |
4015 | longer enforced with this release. The previous implementation |
4016 | was incorrect, and a new corrected implementation is not yet | |
4017 | available. As unit file operations are still protected via | |
4018 | polkit and D-Bus policy this is not a security problem. Yet, | |
4019 | distributions which care about optimal SELinux support should | |
4020 | probably not stabilize on this release. | |
5e8d4254 LP |
4021 | |
4022 | * sd-bus gained support for matches of type "arg0has=", that | |
4023 | test for membership of strings in string arrays sent in bus | |
4024 | messages. | |
4025 | ||
4026 | * systemd-resolved now dumps the contents of its DNS and LLMNR | |
4027 | caches to the logs on reception of the SIGUSR1 signal. This | |
4028 | is useful to debug DNS behaviour. | |
4029 | ||
4030 | * The coredumpctl tool gained a new --directory= option to | |
4031 | operate on journal files in a specific directory. | |
4032 | ||
4033 | * "systemctl reboot" and related commands gained a new | |
4034 | "--message=" option which may be used to set a free-text | |
4035 | wall message when shutting down or rebooting the | |
4036 | system. This message is also logged, which is useful for | |
4037 | figuring out the reason for a reboot or shutdown a | |
4038 | posteriori. | |
4039 | ||
4040 | * The "systemd-resolve-host" tool's -i switch now takes | |
4041 | network interface numbers as alternative to interface names. | |
4042 | ||
4043 | * A new unit file setting for services has been introduced: | |
4044 | UtmpMode= allows configuration of how precisely systemd | |
4045 | handles utmp and wtmp entries for the service if this is | |
4046 | enabled. This allows writing services that appear similar to | |
4047 | user sessions in the output of the "w", "who", "last" and | |
4048 | "lastlog" tools. | |
4049 | ||
4050 | * systemd-resolved will now locally synthesize DNS resource | |
4051 | records for the "localhost" and "gateway" domains as well as | |
4052 | the local hostname. This should ensure that clients querying | |
4053 | RRs via resolved will get similar results as those going via | |
4054 | NSS, if nss-myhostname is enabled. | |
4055 | ||
4056 | Contributions from: Alastair Hughes, Alex Crawford, Daniel | |
4057 | Mack, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Kostrowski, | |
4058 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Jan | |
4059 | Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Johnny Robeson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
4060 | Kefeng Wang, Lennart Poettering, Major Hayden, Marcel | |
4061 | Holtmann, Markus Elfring, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Matt | |
4062 | Turner, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Namhyung Kim, | |
4063 | Nicolas Cornu, Owen W. Taylor, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, | |
4064 | reverendhomer, Richard Maw, Ronny Chevalier, Seth Jennings, | |
4065 | Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe | |
4066 | Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Meyer, Tom Gundersen, Vincent Batts, | |
4067 | WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
e1439a14 | 4068 | |
ccddd104 | 4069 | — Berlin, 2015-08-27 |
ec5249a2 | 4070 | |
11811e85 DH |
4071 | CHANGES WITH 224: |
4072 | ||
10fa421c DH |
4073 | * The systemd-efi-boot-generator functionality was merged into |
4074 | systemd-gpt-auto-generator. | |
4075 | ||
5e8d4254 LP |
4076 | * systemd-networkd now supports Group Policy for vxlan |
4077 | devices. It can be enabled via the new boolean configuration | |
4078 | option called 'GroupPolicyExtension='. | |
10fa421c | 4079 | |
11811e85 DH |
4080 | Contributions from: Andreas Kempf, Christian Hesse, Daniel Mack, David |
4081 | Herrmann, Herman Fries, Johannes Nixdorf, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4082 | Poettering, Peter Hutterer, Susant Sahani, Tom Gundersen | |
4083 | ||
ccddd104 | 4084 | — Berlin, 2015-07-31 |
11811e85 | 4085 | |
e57eaef8 DH |
4086 | CHANGES WITH 223: |
4087 | ||
4088 | * The python-systemd code has been removed from the systemd repository. | |
4089 | A new repository has been created which accommodates the code from | |
4090 | now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a separate package | |
4091 | for this: https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
4092 | ||
01608bc8 | 4093 | * The systemd daemon will now reload its main configuration |
e57eaef8 DH |
4094 | (/etc/systemd/system.conf) on daemon-reload. |
4095 | ||
4096 | * sd-dhcp now exposes vendor specific extensions via | |
4097 | sd_dhcp_lease_get_vendor_specific(). | |
4098 | ||
931618d0 DM |
4099 | * systemd-networkd gained a number of new configuration options. |
4100 | ||
4101 | - A new boolean configuration option for TAP devices called | |
37d54b93 | 4102 | 'VNetHeader='. If set, the IFF_VNET_HDR flag is set for the |
931618d0 DM |
4103 | device, thus allowing to send and receive GSO packets. |
4104 | ||
4105 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'CopyDSCP='. | |
4106 | If enabled, the DSCP field of ip6 tunnels is copied into the | |
4107 | decapsulated packet. | |
4108 | ||
4109 | - A set of boolean bridge configuration options were added. | |
4110 | 'UseBPDU=', 'HairPin=', 'FastLeave=', 'AllowPortToBeRoot=', | |
4111 | and 'UnicastFlood=' are now parsed by networkd and applied to the | |
4112 | respective bridge link device via the respective IFLA_BRPORT_* | |
4113 | netlink attribute. | |
4114 | ||
4115 | - A new string configuration option to override the hostname sent | |
4116 | to a DHCP server, called 'Hostname='. If set and 'SendHostname=' | |
4117 | is true, networkd will use the configured hostname instead of the | |
4118 | system hostname when sending DHCP requests. | |
4119 | ||
4120 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'IPv6FlowLabel='. If set, | |
4121 | networkd will configure the IPv6 flow-label of the tunnel device | |
4122 | according to RFC2460. | |
e57eaef8 | 4123 | |
f5f113f6 DH |
4124 | - The 'macvtap' virtual network devices are now supported, similar to |
4125 | the already supported 'macvlan' devices. | |
4126 | ||
e57eaef8 | 4127 | * systemd-resolved now implements RFC5452 to improve resilience against |
01608bc8 | 4128 | cache poisoning. Additionally, source port randomization is enabled |
e57eaef8 DH |
4129 | by default to further protect against DNS spoofing attacks. |
4130 | ||
4131 | * nss-mymachines now supports translating UIDs and GIDs of running | |
4132 | containers with user-namespaces enabled. If a container 'foo' | |
4133 | translates a host uid 'UID' to the container uid 'TUID', then | |
4134 | nss-mymachines will also map uid 'UID' to/from username 'vu-foo-TUID' | |
4135 | (with 'foo' and 'TUID' replaced accordingly). Similarly, groups are | |
4136 | mapped as 'vg-foo-TGID'. | |
4137 | ||
4138 | Contributions from: Beniamino Galvani, cee1, Christian Hesse, Daniel | |
e4e66993 DH |
4139 | Buch, Daniel Mack, daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, |
4140 | HATAYAMA Daisuke, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), | |
4141 | Johan Ouwerkerk, Jose Carlos Venegas Munoz, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
4142 | Lennart Poettering, Lidong Zhong, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
4143 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Namhyung Kim, | |
4144 | Nick Owens, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, Steven Allen, Sungbae Yoo, | |
4145 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom | |
4146 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo, | |
4147 | Vivenzio Pagliari, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4148 | ||
ccddd104 | 4149 | — Berlin, 2015-07-29 |
e57eaef8 | 4150 | |
0db83ad7 | 4151 | CHANGES WITH 222: |
5541c889 | 4152 | |
861b02eb KS |
4153 | * udev does not longer support the WAIT_FOR_SYSFS= key in udev rules. |
4154 | There are no known issues with current sysfs, and udev does not need | |
4155 | or should be used to work around such bugs. | |
4156 | ||
4157 | * udev does no longer enable USB HID power management. Several reports | |
4158 | indicate, that some devices cannot handle that setting. | |
0db83ad7 DH |
4159 | |
4160 | * The udev accelerometer helper was removed. The functionality | |
4161 | is now fully included in iio-sensor-proxy. But this means, | |
4162 | older iio-sensor-proxy versions will no longer provide | |
4163 | accelerometer/orientation data with this systemd version. | |
4164 | Please upgrade iio-sensor-proxy to version 1.0. | |
4165 | ||
5541c889 DH |
4166 | * networkd gained a new configuration option IPv6PrivacyExtensions= |
4167 | which enables IPv6 privacy extensions (RFC 4941, "Privacy Extensions | |
4168 | for Stateless Address") on selected networks. | |
4169 | ||
9b361114 DM |
4170 | * For the sake of fewer build-time dependencies and less code in the |
4171 | main repository, the python bindings are about to be removed in the | |
4172 | next release. A new repository has been created which accommodates | |
4173 | the code from now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a | |
4174 | separate package for this. The removal will take place in v223. | |
4175 | ||
4176 | https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
4177 | ||
0db83ad7 DH |
4178 | Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Andrew Eikum, Bastien Nocera, |
4179 | Cédric Delmas, Christian Hesse, Christos Trochalakis, Daniel Mack, | |
4180 | daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Biggers, Eric | |
4181 | Cook, Felipe Sateler, Geert Jansen, Gerd Hoffmann, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
5541c889 DH |
4182 | Greg Kroah-Hartman, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Alexander Steffens |
4183 | (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jay Strict, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
0db83ad7 DH |
4184 | Markus Knetschke, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michal |
4185 | Sekletar, Miguel Bernal Marin, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, rinrinne, | |
2d1ca112 DH |
4186 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein |
4187 | Husebø, Vedran Miletić, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
0db83ad7 | 4188 | |
ccddd104 | 4189 | — Berlin, 2015-07-07 |
0db83ad7 | 4190 | |
0f0467e6 MP |
4191 | CHANGES WITH 221: |
4192 | ||
470e72d4 | 4193 | * The sd-bus.h and sd-event.h APIs have now been declared |
5f92d24f | 4194 | stable and have been added to the official interface of |
470e72d4 LP |
4195 | libsystemd.so. sd-bus implements an alternative D-Bus client |
4196 | library, that is relatively easy to use, very efficient and | |
4197 | supports both classic D-Bus as well as kdbus as transport | |
4198 | backend. sd-event is a generic event loop abstraction that | |
4199 | is built around Linux epoll, but adds features such as event | |
0aee49d5 | 4200 | prioritization or efficient timer handling. Both APIs are good |
470e72d4 LP |
4201 | choices for C programs looking for a bus and/or event loop |
4202 | implementation that is minimal and does not have to be | |
5f92d24f | 4203 | portable to other kernels. |
0f0467e6 | 4204 | |
470e72d4 LP |
4205 | * kdbus support is no longer compile-time optional. It is now |
4206 | always built-in. However, it can still be disabled at | |
4207 | runtime using the kdbus=0 kernel command line setting, and | |
c6551464 | 4208 | that setting may be changed to default to off, by specifying |
470e72d4 LP |
4209 | --disable-kdbus at build-time. Note though that the kernel |
4210 | command line setting has no effect if the kdbus.ko kernel | |
4211 | module is not installed, in which case kdbus is (obviously) | |
4212 | also disabled. We encourage all downstream distributions to | |
0aee49d5 | 4213 | begin testing kdbus by adding it to the kernel images in the |
470e72d4 LP |
4214 | development distributions, and leaving kdbus support in |
4215 | systemd enabled. | |
0f0467e6 | 4216 | |
470e72d4 LP |
4217 | * The minimal required util-linux version has been bumped to |
4218 | 2.26. | |
4219 | ||
4220 | * Support for chkconfig (--enable-chkconfig) was removed in | |
0aee49d5 | 4221 | favor of calling an abstraction tool |
470e72d4 LP |
4222 | /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. This needs to be |
4223 | implemented for your distribution. See "SYSV INIT.D SCRIPTS" | |
4224 | in README for details. | |
4225 | ||
4226 | * If there's a systemd unit and a SysV init script for the | |
4227 | same service name, and the user executes "systemctl enable" | |
4228 | for it (or a related call), then this will now enable both | |
4229 | (or execute the related operation on both), not just the | |
4230 | unit. | |
4231 | ||
4232 | * The libudev API documentation has been converted from gtkdoc | |
4233 | into man pages. | |
4234 | ||
4235 | * gudev has been removed from the systemd tree, it is now an | |
4236 | external project. | |
4237 | ||
4238 | * The systemd-cgtop tool learnt a new --raw switch to generate | |
0aee49d5 | 4239 | "raw" (machine parsable) output. |
470e72d4 LP |
4240 | |
4241 | * networkd's IPForwarding= .network file setting learnt the | |
4242 | new setting "kernel", which ensures that networkd does not | |
4243 | change the IP forwarding sysctl from the default kernel | |
4244 | state. | |
4245 | ||
4246 | * The systemd-logind bus API now exposes a new boolean | |
4247 | property "Docked" that reports whether logind considers the | |
4248 | system "docked", i.e. connected to a docking station or not. | |
4249 | ||
4250 | Contributions from: Alex Crawford, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei | |
4251 | Borzenkov, Charles Duffy, Colin Guthrie, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
4252 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, | |
4253 | David Mohr, Dimitri John Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, dslul, Ed | |
4254 | Swierk, Eric Cook, Filipe Brandenburger, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
4255 | Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Igor Vuk, Jan Synacek, | |
4256 | Jason Pleau, Jason S. McMullan, Jean Delvare, Jeff Huang, | |
4257 | Jonathan Boulle, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, kloun, Lennart | |
4258 | Poettering, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Mario | |
4259 | Limonciello, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
4260 | Michal Schmidt, Mike Gilbert, Nick Owens, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes, | |
b912e251 LP |
4261 | Patrick Donnelly, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Philip |
4262 | Withnall, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Susant Sahani, | |
4263 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
4264 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Viktar Vauchkevich, Werner | |
4265 | Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
470e72d4 | 4266 | |
ccddd104 | 4267 | — Berlin, 2015-06-19 |
0f0467e6 | 4268 | |
481a0aa2 LP |
4269 | CHANGES WITH 220: |
4270 | ||
f7a73a25 DH |
4271 | * The gudev library has been extracted into a separate repository |
4272 | available at: https://git.gnome.org/browse/libgudev/ | |
4273 | It is now managed as part of the Gnome project. Distributions | |
4274 | are recommended to pass --disable-gudev to systemd and use | |
4275 | gudev from the Gnome project instead. gudev is still included | |
4276 | in systemd, for now. It will be removed soon, though. Please | |
4277 | also see the announcement-thread on systemd-devel: | |
56cadcb6 | 4278 | https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032070.html |
f7a73a25 | 4279 | |
481a0aa2 LP |
4280 | * systemd now exposes a CPUUsageNSec= property for each |
4281 | service unit on the bus, that contains the overall consumed | |
4282 | CPU time of a service (the sum of what each process of the | |
4283 | service consumed). This value is only available if | |
4284 | CPUAccounting= is turned on for a service, and is then shown | |
4285 | in the "systemctl status" output. | |
4286 | ||
4287 | * Support for configuring alternative mappings of the old SysV | |
4288 | runlevels to systemd targets has been removed. They are now | |
29d1fcb4 | 4289 | hardcoded in a way that runlevels 2, 3, 4 all map to |
481a0aa2 LP |
4290 | multi-user.target and 5 to graphical.target (which |
4291 | previously was already the default behaviour). | |
4292 | ||
4293 | * The auto-mounter logic gained support for mount point | |
4294 | expiry, using a new TimeoutIdleSec= setting in .automount | |
4295 | units. (Also available as x-systemd.idle-timeout= in /etc/fstab). | |
4296 | ||
4297 | * The EFI System Partition (ESP) as mounted to /boot by | |
4298 | systemd-efi-boot-generator will now be unmounted | |
29d1fcb4 | 4299 | automatically after 2 minutes of not being used. This should |
481a0aa2 LP |
4300 | minimize the risk of ESP corruptions. |
4301 | ||
4302 | * New /etc/fstab options x-systemd.requires= and | |
4303 | x-systemd.requires-mounts-for= are now supported to express | |
4304 | additional dependencies for mounts. This is useful for | |
4305 | journalling file systems that support external journal | |
4306 | devices or overlay file systems that require underlying file | |
4307 | systems to be mounted. | |
4308 | ||
4309 | * systemd does not support direct live-upgrades (via systemctl | |
4310 | daemon-reexec) from versions older than v44 anymore. As no | |
4311 | distribution we are aware of shipped such old versions in a | |
4312 | stable release this should not be problematic. | |
4313 | ||
4314 | * When systemd forks off a new per-connection service instance | |
4315 | it will now set the $REMOTE_ADDR environment variable to the | |
4316 | remote IP address, and $REMOTE_PORT environment variable to | |
4317 | the remote IP port. This behaviour is similar to the | |
4318 | corresponding environment variables defined by CGI. | |
4319 | ||
4320 | * systemd-networkd gained support for uplink failure | |
4321 | detection. The BindCarrier= option allows binding interface | |
4322 | configuration dynamically to the link sense of other | |
4323 | interfaces. This is useful to achieve behaviour like in | |
4324 | network switches. | |
4325 | ||
4326 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the DHCP | |
4327 | client identifier to use when requesting leases. | |
4328 | ||
4329 | * systemd-networkd now has a per-network UseNTP= option to | |
4330 | configure whether NTP server information acquired via DHCP | |
4331 | is passed on to services like systemd-timesyncd. | |
4332 | ||
4333 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vti6 tunnels. | |
4334 | ||
1579dd2c LP |
4335 | * Note that systemd-networkd manages the sysctl variable |
4336 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/conf/*/forwarding for each interface | |
4337 | it is configured for since v219. The variable controls IP | |
4338 | forwarding, and is a per-interface alternative to the global | |
4339 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/ip_forward. This setting is | |
4340 | configurable in the IPForward= option, which defaults to | |
4341 | "no". This means if networkd is used for an interface it is | |
4342 | no longer sufficient to set the global sysctl option to turn | |
4343 | on IP forwarding! Instead, the .network file option | |
4344 | IPForward= needs to be turned on! Note that the | |
4345 | implementation of this behaviour was broken in v219 and has | |
4346 | been fixed in v220. | |
4347 | ||
481a0aa2 LP |
4348 | * Many bonding and vxlan options are now configurable in |
4349 | systemd-networkd. | |
4350 | ||
4351 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --property= setting to set unit | |
4352 | properties for the container scope. This is useful for | |
ce830873 | 4353 | setting resource parameters (e.g. "CPUShares=500") on |
481a0aa2 LP |
4354 | containers started from the command line. |
4355 | ||
4356 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --private-users= switch to make | |
4357 | use of user namespacing available on recent Linux kernels. | |
4358 | ||
4359 | * systemd-nspawn may now be called as part of a shell pipeline | |
4360 | in which case the pipes used for stdin and stdout are passed | |
4361 | directly to the process invoked in the container, without | |
4362 | indirection via a pseudo tty. | |
4363 | ||
4364 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch to control the UNIX | |
4365 | signal to use when killing the init process of the container | |
4366 | when shutting down. | |
4367 | ||
4368 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --overlay= switch for mounting | |
4369 | overlay file systems into the container using the new kernel | |
4370 | overlayfs support. | |
4371 | ||
4372 | * When a container image is imported via systemd-importd and | |
4373 | the host file system is not btrfs, a loopback block device | |
4374 | file is created in /var/lib/machines.raw with a btrfs file | |
4375 | system inside. It is then mounted to /var/lib/machines to | |
4376 | enable btrfs features for container management. The loopback | |
4377 | file and btrfs file system is grown as needed when container | |
4378 | images are imported via systemd-importd. | |
4379 | ||
4380 | * systemd-machined/systemd-importd gained support for btrfs | |
4381 | quota, to enforce container disk space limits on disk. This | |
4382 | is exposed in "machinectl set-limit". | |
4383 | ||
4384 | * systemd-importd now can import containers from local .tar, | |
4385 | .raw and .qcow2 images, and export them to .tar and .raw. It | |
4386 | can also import dkr v2 images now from the network (on top | |
4387 | of v1 as before). | |
4388 | ||
4389 | * systemd-importd gained support for verifying downloaded | |
4390 | images with gpg2 (previously only gpg1 was supported). | |
4391 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
4392 | * systemd-machined, systemd-logind, systemd: most bus calls are |
4393 | now accessible to unprivileged processes via polkit. Also, | |
4394 | systemd-logind will now allow users to kill their own sessions | |
4395 | without further privileges or authorization. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
4396 | |
4397 | * systemd-shutdownd has been removed. This service was | |
4398 | previously responsible for implementing scheduled shutdowns | |
4399 | as exposed in /usr/bin/shutdown's time parameter. This | |
4400 | functionality has now been moved into systemd-logind and is | |
4401 | accessible via a bus interface. | |
4402 | ||
4403 | * "systemctl reboot" gained a new switch --firmware-setup that | |
4404 | can be used to reboot into the EFI firmware setup, if that | |
4405 | is available. systemd-logind now exposes an API on the bus | |
4406 | to trigger such reboots, in case graphical desktop UIs want | |
4407 | to cover this functionality. | |
4408 | ||
4409 | * "systemctl enable", "systemctl disable" and "systemctl mask" | |
1579dd2c | 4410 | now support a new "--now" switch. If specified the units |
481a0aa2 LP |
4411 | that are enabled will also be started, and the ones |
4412 | disabled/masked also stopped. | |
4413 | ||
4414 | * The Gummiboot EFI boot loader tool has been merged into | |
1a2d5fbe DH |
4415 | systemd, and renamed to "systemd-boot". The bootctl tool has been |
4416 | updated to support systemd-boot. | |
481a0aa2 LP |
4417 | |
4418 | * An EFI kernel stub has been added that may be used to create | |
4419 | kernel EFI binaries that contain not only the actual kernel, | |
4420 | but also an initrd, boot splash, command line and OS release | |
4421 | information. This combined binary can then be signed as a | |
4422 | single image, so that the firmware can verify it all in one | |
1a2d5fbe | 4423 | step. systemd-boot has special support for EFI binaries created |
481a0aa2 LP |
4424 | like this and can extract OS release information from them |
4425 | and show them in the boot menu. This functionality is useful | |
4426 | to implement cryptographically verified boot schemes. | |
4427 | ||
4428 | * Optional support has been added to systemd-fsck to pass | |
4429 | fsck's progress report to an AF_UNIX socket in the file | |
4430 | system. | |
4431 | ||
4432 | * udev will no longer create device symlinks for all block | |
4433 | devices by default. A blacklist for excluding special block | |
4434 | devices from this logic has been turned into a whitelist | |
4435 | that requires picking block devices explicitly that require | |
4436 | device symlinks. | |
4437 | ||
4438 | * A new (currently still internal) API sd-device.h has been | |
4439 | added to libsystemd. This modernized API is supposed to | |
4440 | replace libudev eventually. In fact, already much of libudev | |
4441 | is now just a wrapper around sd-device.h. | |
4442 | ||
4443 | * A new hwdb database for storing metadata about pointing | |
4444 | stick devices has been added. | |
4445 | ||
4446 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for setting file attributes | |
4447 | similar to the "chattr" tool with new 'h' and 'H' lines. | |
4448 | ||
4449 | * systemd-journald will no longer unconditionally set the | |
4450 | btrfs NOCOW flag on new journal files. This is instead done | |
4451 | with tmpfiles snippet using the new 'h' line type. This | |
4452 | allows easy disabling of this logic, by masking the | |
4453 | journal-nocow.conf tmpfiles file. | |
4454 | ||
4455 | * systemd-journald will now translate audit message types to | |
4456 | human readable identifiers when writing them to the | |
4457 | journal. This should improve readability of audit messages. | |
4458 | ||
4459 | * The LUKS logic gained support for the offset= and skip= | |
4460 | options in /etc/crypttab, as previously implemented by | |
4461 | Debian. | |
4462 | ||
4463 | * /usr/lib/os-release gained a new optional field VARIANT= for | |
4464 | distributions that support multiple variants (such as a | |
4465 | desktop edition, a server edition, ...) | |
4466 | ||
4467 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Adam Goode, Alban Crequy, | |
4468 | Alberto Fanjul Alonso, Alexander Sverdlin, Alex Puchades, Alin | |
4469 | Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrew Jones, Arend van Spriel, | |
4470 | Benedikt Morbach, Benjamin Franzke, Benjamin Tissoires, Blaž | |
4471 | Tomažič, Chris Morgan, Chris Morin, Colin Walters, Cristian | |
4472 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel | |
4473 | Mack, Daniel Mustieles, daurnimator, Davide Bettio, David | |
4474 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Didier Roche, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
4475 | Eric Cook, Gavin Li, Goffredo Baroncelli, Hannes Reinecke, | |
4476 | Hans de Goede, Hans-Peter Deifel, Harald Hoyer, Iago López | |
4477 | Galeiras, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
4478 | Pazdziora, Jan Synacek, Jasper St. Pierre, Jay Faulkner, John | |
4479 | Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathon Gilbert, Karel Zak, Kay | |
4480 | Sievers, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas | |
4481 | De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Lukas Rusak, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz | |
4482 | Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel | |
4483 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Chevrier, Matthew Garrett, | |
4484 | Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
4485 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nir Soffer, Patrik | |
4486 | Flykt, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Peter Lemenkov, Peter | |
4487 | Waller, Piotr Drąg, Raul Gutierrez S, Richard Maw, Ronny | |
4488 | Chevalier, Ross Burton, Sebastian Rasmussen, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
4489 | Seth Jennings, Shawn Landden, Simon Farnsworth, Stefan Junker, | |
4490 | Stephen Gallagher, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas | |
4491 | Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tobias Hunger, Tom | |
4492 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Will | |
4493 | Woods, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4494 | ||
ccddd104 | 4495 | — Berlin, 2015-05-22 |
481a0aa2 | 4496 | |
615aaf41 LP |
4497 | CHANGES WITH 219: |
4498 | ||
615aaf41 LP |
4499 | * Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware |
4500 | metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query | |
4501 | and enumerate the udev hwdb, decoupled from the old libudev | |
4502 | library. libudev's interface for this is now only a wrapper | |
4503 | around sd-hwdb. A new tool systemd-hwdb has been added to | |
4504 | interface with and update the database. | |
4505 | ||
4506 | * When any of systemd's tools copies files (for example due to | |
4507 | tmpfiles' C lines) a btrfs reflink will attempted first, | |
4508 | before bytewise copying is done. | |
4509 | ||
4510 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --ephemeral switch. When | |
4511 | specified a btrfs snapshot is taken of the container's root | |
4512 | directory, and immediately removed when the container | |
4513 | terminates again. Thus, a container can be started whose | |
4514 | changes never alter the container's root directory, and are | |
4515 | lost on container termination. This switch can also be used | |
4516 | for starting a container off the root file system of the | |
4517 | host without affecting the host OS. This switch is only | |
4518 | available on btrfs file systems. | |
4519 | ||
4520 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the | |
4521 | path to a container tree to use as template for the tree | |
7edecf21 | 4522 | specified via --directory=, should that directory be |
615aaf41 LP |
4523 | missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically, |
4524 | on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file | |
4525 | systems. | |
4526 | ||
4527 | * When a .mount unit refers to a mount point on which multiple | |
4528 | mounts are stacked, and the .mount unit is stopped all of | |
4529 | the stacked mount points will now be unmounted until no | |
4530 | mount point remains. | |
4531 | ||
4532 | * systemd now has an explicit notion of supported and | |
4533 | unsupported unit types. Jobs enqueued for unsupported unit | |
4534 | types will now fail with an "unsupported" error code. More | |
4535 | specifically .swap, .automount and .device units are not | |
4536 | supported in containers, .busname units are not supported on | |
4537 | non-kdbus systems. .swap and .automount are also not | |
4538 | supported if their respective kernel compile time options | |
4539 | are disabled. | |
4540 | ||
4541 | * machinectl gained support for two new "copy-from" and | |
4542 | "copy-to" commands for copying files from a running | |
4543 | container to the host or vice versa. | |
4544 | ||
4545 | * machinectl gained support for a new "bind" command to bind | |
4546 | mount host directories into local containers. This is | |
4547 | currently only supported for nspawn containers. | |
4548 | ||
4549 | * networkd gained support for configuring bridge forwarding | |
4550 | database entries (fdb) from .network files. | |
4551 | ||
4552 | * A new tiny daemon "systemd-importd" has been added that can | |
4553 | download container images in tar, raw, qcow2 or dkr formats, | |
4554 | and make them available locally in /var/lib/machines, so | |
4555 | that they can run as nspawn containers. The daemon can GPG | |
4556 | verify the downloads (not supported for dkr, since it has no | |
4557 | provisions for verifying downloads). It will transparently | |
4558 | decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary, | |
4559 | and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege | |
4560 | separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with | |
94e5ba37 | 4561 | fewer privileges than the daemon itself. machinectl has |
615aaf41 LP |
4562 | gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to |
4563 | make the functionality of importd available to the | |
4564 | user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud" | |
4565 | images can be downloaded and booted as containers unmodified | |
4566 | (the Fedora images lack the appropriate GPG signature files | |
4567 | currently, so they cannot be verified, but this will change | |
4568 | soon, hopefully). Note that downloading images is currently | |
4569 | only fully supported on btrfs. | |
4570 | ||
4571 | * machinectl is now able to list container images found in | |
4572 | /var/lib/machines, along with some metadata about sizes of | |
4573 | disk and similar. If the directory is located on btrfs and | |
4574 | quota is enabled, this includes quota display. A new command | |
4575 | "image-status" has been added that shows additional | |
4576 | information about images. | |
4577 | ||
4578 | * machinectl is now able to clone container images | |
4579 | efficiently, if the underlying file system (btrfs) supports | |
f59dba26 | 4580 | it, with the new "machinectl clone" command. It also |
615aaf41 LP |
4581 | gained commands for renaming and removing images, as well as |
4582 | marking them read-only or read-write (supported also on | |
4583 | legacy file systems). | |
4584 | ||
4585 | * networkd gained support for collecting LLDP network | |
4586 | announcements, from hardware that supports this. This is | |
4587 | shown in networkctl output. | |
4588 | ||
4589 | * systemd-run gained support for a new -t (--pty) switch for | |
4590 | invoking a binary on a pty whose input and output is | |
4591 | connected to the invoking terminal. This allows executing | |
4592 | processes as system services while interactively | |
4593 | communicating with them via the terminal. Most interestingly | |
4594 | this is supported across container boundaries. Invoking | |
4595 | "systemd-run -t /bin/bash" is an alternative to running a | |
4596 | full login session, the difference being that the former | |
4597 | will not register a session, nor go through the PAM session | |
4598 | setup. | |
4599 | ||
4600 | * tmpfiles gained support for a new "v" line type for creating | |
4601 | btrfs subvolumes. If the underlying file system is a legacy | |
4602 | file system, this automatically degrades to creating a | |
4603 | normal directory. Among others /var/lib/machines is now | |
4604 | created like this at boot, should it be missing. | |
4605 | ||
4606 | * The directory /var/lib/containers/ has been deprecated and | |
4607 | been replaced by /var/lib/machines. The term "machines" has | |
4608 | been used in the systemd context as generic term for both | |
4609 | VMs and containers, and hence appears more appropriate for | |
4610 | this, as the directory can also contain raw images bootable | |
4611 | via qemu/kvm. | |
4612 | ||
4613 | * systemd-nspawn when invoked with -M but without --directory= | |
4614 | or --image= is now capable of searching for the container | |
4615 | root directory, subvolume or disk image automatically, in | |
4616 | /var/lib/machines. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated | |
4617 | to make use of this, thus allowing it to be used for raw | |
4618 | disk images, too. | |
4619 | ||
4620 | * A new machines.target unit has been introduced that is | |
4621 | supposed to group all containers/VMs invoked as services on | |
4622 | the system. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated to | |
4623 | integrate with that. | |
4624 | ||
4625 | * machinectl gained a new "start" command, for invoking a | |
4626 | container as a service. "machinectl start foo" is mostly | |
4627 | equivalent to "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foo.service", | |
4628 | but handles escaping in a nicer way. | |
4629 | ||
4630 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount most of the cgroupfs tree | |
4631 | read-only into each container, with the exception of the | |
4632 | container's own subtree in the name=systemd hierarchy. | |
4633 | ||
4634 | * journald now sets the special FS_NOCOW file flag for its | |
4635 | journal files. This should improve performance on btrfs, by | |
4636 | avoiding heavy fragmentation when journald's write-pattern | |
4637 | is used on COW file systems. It degrades btrfs' data | |
4638 | integrity guarantees for the files to the same levels as for | |
4639 | ext3/ext4 however. This should be OK though as journald does | |
4640 | its own data integrity checks and all its objects are | |
4641 | checksummed on disk. Also, journald should handle btrfs disk | |
4642 | full events a lot more gracefully now, by processing SIGBUS | |
4643 | errors, and not relying on fallocate() anymore. | |
4644 | ||
4645 | * When journald detects that journal files it is writing to | |
4646 | have been deleted it will immediately start new journal | |
4647 | files. | |
4648 | ||
4649 | * systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors | |
4c37970d | 4650 | per-service in PID 1. This is useful for daemons to ensure |
615aaf41 | 4651 | that fds they require are not lost during a daemon |
94e5ba37 | 4652 | restart. The fds are passed to the daemon on the next |
615aaf41 LP |
4653 | invocation in the same way socket activation fds are |
4654 | passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the | |
4655 | various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr | |
4656 | are not lost when journald is restarted. File descriptors | |
4657 | may be stored in PID 1 via the sd_pid_notify_with_fds() API, | |
4658 | an extension to sd_notify(). Note that a limit is enforced | |
4659 | on the number of fds a service can store in PID 1, and it | |
4660 | defaults to 0, so that no fds may be stored, unless this is | |
4661 | explicitly turned on. | |
4662 | ||
4663 | * The default TERM variable to use for units connected to a | |
4664 | terminal, when no other value is explicitly is set is now | |
4665 | vt220 rather than vt102. This should be fairly safe still, | |
4666 | but allows PgUp/PgDn work. | |
4667 | ||
4668 | * The /etc/crypttab option header= as known from Debian is now | |
4669 | supported. | |
4670 | ||
4671 | * "loginctl user-status" and "loginctl session-status" will | |
4672 | now show the last 10 lines of log messages of the | |
4673 | user/session following the status output. Similar, | |
4674 | "machinectl status" will show the last 10 log lines | |
4675 | associated with a virtual machine or container | |
4676 | service. (Note that this is usually not the log messages | |
4677 | done in the VM/container itself, but simply what the | |
4678 | container manager logs. For nspawn this includes all console | |
4679 | output however.) | |
4680 | ||
4681 | * "loginctl session-status" without further argument will now | |
4682 | show the status of the session of the caller. Similar, | |
4683 | "lock-session", "unlock-session", "activate", | |
4684 | "enable-linger", "disable-linger" may now be called without | |
4685 | session/user parameter in which case they apply to the | |
4686 | caller's session/user. | |
4687 | ||
4688 | * An X11 session scriptlet is now shipped that uploads | |
4689 | $DISPLAY and $XAUTHORITY into the environment of the systemd | |
4690 | --user daemon if a session begins. This should improve | |
4691 | compatibility with X11 enabled applications run as systemd | |
4692 | user services. | |
4693 | ||
4694 | * Generators are now subject to masking via /etc and /run, the | |
4695 | same way as unit files. | |
4696 | ||
4697 | * networkd .network files gained support for configuring | |
4698 | per-link IPv4/IPv6 packet forwarding as well as IPv4 | |
4699 | masquerading. This is by default turned on for veth links to | |
4700 | containers, as registered by systemd-nspawn. This means that | |
4701 | nspawn containers run with --network-veth will now get | |
4702 | automatic routed access to the host's networks without any | |
4703 | further configuration or setup, as long as networkd runs on | |
4704 | the host. | |
4705 | ||
4706 | * systemd-nspawn gained the --port= (-p) switch to expose TCP | |
4707 | or UDP posts of a container on the host. With this in place | |
4708 | it is possible to run containers with private veth links | |
4709 | (--network-veth), and have their functionality exposed on | |
4710 | the host as if their services were running directly on the | |
4711 | host. | |
4712 | ||
dd2fd155 | 4713 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth switch now gained a short |
615aaf41 LP |
4714 | version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly |
4715 | useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been | |
4716 | updated to make use of it too by default. | |
4717 | ||
4718 | * systemd-nspawn will now maintain a per-image R/W lock, to | |
4719 | ensure that the same image is not started more than once | |
4720 | writable. (It's OK to run an image multiple times | |
4721 | simultaneously in read-only mode.) | |
4722 | ||
4723 | * systemd-nspawn's --image= option is now capable of | |
4724 | dissecting and booting MBR and GPT disk images that contain | |
4725 | only a single active Linux partition. Previously it | |
4726 | supported only GPT disk images with proper GPT type | |
4727 | IDs. This allows running cloud images from major | |
4728 | distributions directly with systemd-nspawn, without | |
4729 | modification. | |
4730 | ||
4731 | * In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev | |
4732 | hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle | |
4733 | information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is | |
7edecf21 | 4734 | supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behavior on mice |
615aaf41 LP |
4735 | that it knows about. There's also support for collecting |
4736 | information about Touchpad types. | |
4737 | ||
4738 | * udev's input_id built-in will now also collect touch screen | |
4739 | dimension data and attach it to probed devices. | |
4740 | ||
4741 | * /etc/os-release gained support for a Distribution Privacy | |
4742 | Policy link field. | |
4743 | ||
4744 | * networkd gained support for creating "ipvlan", "gretap", | |
4745 | "ip6gre", "ip6gretap" and "ip6tnl" network devices. | |
4746 | ||
4747 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for "a" lines for setting | |
4748 | ACLs on files. | |
4749 | ||
4750 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount /tmp in the container to | |
4751 | tmpfs, automatically. | |
4752 | ||
4753 | * systemd now exposes the memory.usage_in_bytes cgroup | |
4754 | attribute and shows it for each service in the "systemctl | |
4755 | status" output, if available. | |
4756 | ||
4757 | * When the user presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more than 7x within 2s an | |
4758 | immediate reboot is triggered. This useful if shutdown is | |
4759 | hung and is unable to complete, to expedite the | |
4760 | operation. Note that this kind of reboot will still unmount | |
4761 | all file systems, and hence should not result in fsck being | |
4762 | run on next reboot. | |
4763 | ||
4764 | * A .device unit for an optical block device will now be | |
4765 | considered active only when a medium is in the drive. Also, | |
4766 | mount units are now bound to their backing devices thus | |
4767 | triggering automatic unmounting when devices become | |
4768 | unavailable. With this in place systemd will now | |
4769 | automatically unmount left-over mounts when a CD-ROM is | |
4770 | ejected or an USB stick is yanked from the system. | |
4771 | ||
4772 | * networkd-wait-online now has support for waiting for | |
4773 | specific interfaces only (with globbing), and for giving up | |
4774 | after a configurable timeout. | |
4775 | ||
4776 | * networkd now exits when idle. It will be automatically | |
4777 | restarted as soon as interfaces show up, are removed or | |
4778 | change state. networkd will stay around as long as there is | |
4779 | at least one DHCP state machine or similar around, that keep | |
4780 | it non-idle. | |
4781 | ||
4782 | * networkd may now configure IPv6 link-local addressing in | |
4783 | addition to IPv4 link-local addressing. | |
4784 | ||
4785 | * The IPv6 "token" for use in SLAAC may now be configured for | |
4786 | each .network interface in networkd. | |
4787 | ||
4788 | * Routes configured with networkd may now be assigned a scope | |
4789 | in .network files. | |
4790 | ||
4791 | * networkd's [Match] sections now support globbing and lists | |
4792 | of multiple space-separated matches per item. | |
4793 | ||
11ea2781 | 4794 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alin Rauta, Andrey Chaser, |
d2c643c6 LP |
4795 | Bastien Nocera, Bruno Bottazzini, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos |
4796 | Morata Castillo, Chris Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian | |
4797 | Kirbach, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill, Colin Guthrie, | |
4798 | Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, | |
4799 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, Erik Auerswald, | |
4800 | Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen, Gabriel de | |
4801 | Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan | |
4802 | Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl, Jonas | |
4803 | Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers, Ken | |
4804 | Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Märdian, | |
4805 | Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
4806 | Manuel Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko | |
4807 | Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, | |
4808 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas | |
11ea2781 LP |
4809 | Baranauskas, Moez Bouhlel, Naveen Kumar, Patrik Flykt, Paul |
4810 | Martin, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, Philippe De Swert, | |
4811 | Piotr Drąg, Rafael Ferreira, Rami Rosen, Robert Milasan, Ronny | |
4812 | Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Sebastien Bacher, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
4813 | Shawn Landden, Stéphane Graber, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
4814 | Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tim JP, Tom | |
4815 | Gundersen, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar | |
d2c643c6 LP |
4816 | Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, Wieland |
4817 | Hoffmann, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
11ea2781 | 4818 | |
ccddd104 | 4819 | — Berlin, 2015-02-16 |
11ea2781 | 4820 | |
d4f5a1f4 DH |
4821 | CHANGES WITH 218: |
4822 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
4823 | * When querying unit file enablement status (for example via |
4824 | "systemctl is-enabled"), a new state "indirect" is now known | |
4825 | which indicates that a unit might not be enabled itself, but | |
c7683ffb | 4826 | another unit listed in its Also= setting might be. |
f9e00a9f LP |
4827 | |
4828 | * Similar to the various existing ConditionXYZ= settings for | |
b938cb90 | 4829 | units, there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While |
f9e00a9f LP |
4830 | failing conditions cause a unit to be skipped, but its job |
4831 | to succeed, failing assertions declared like this will cause | |
4832 | a unit start operation and its job to fail. | |
4833 | ||
4834 | * hostnamed now knows a new chassis type "embedded". | |
4835 | ||
4836 | * systemctl gained a new "edit" command. When used on a unit | |
b938cb90 | 4837 | file, this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in |
f9e00a9f LP |
4838 | configuration snippets or editing the full file (after |
4839 | copying it from /usr/lib to /etc). This will invoke the | |
4840 | user's editor (as configured with $EDITOR), and reload the | |
4841 | modified configuration after editing. | |
4842 | ||
4843 | * "systemctl status" now shows the suggested enablement state | |
4844 | for a unit, as declared in the (usually vendor-supplied) | |
4845 | system preset files. | |
4846 | ||
4847 | * nss-myhostname will now resolve the single-label host name | |
4848 | "gateway" to the locally configured default IP routing | |
4849 | gateways, ordered by their metrics. This assigns a stable | |
4850 | name to the used gateways, regardless which ones are | |
4851 | currently configured. Note that the name will only be | |
4852 | resolved after all other name sources (if nss-myhostname is | |
4853 | configured properly) and should hence not negatively impact | |
4854 | systems that use the single-label host name "gateway" in | |
4855 | other contexts. | |
4856 | ||
4857 | * systemd-inhibit now allows filtering by mode when listing | |
4858 | inhibitors. | |
4859 | ||
122676c9 | 4860 | * Scope and service units gained a new "Delegate" boolean |
b938cb90 | 4861 | property, which, when set, allows processes running inside the |
122676c9 LP |
4862 | unit to further partition resources. This is primarily |
4863 | useful for systemd user instances as well as container | |
4864 | managers. | |
f9e00a9f LP |
4865 | |
4866 | * journald will now pick up audit messages directly from | |
4867 | the kernel, and log them like any other log message. The | |
4868 | audit fields are split up and fully indexed. This means that | |
4869 | journalctl in many ways is now a (nicer!) alternative to | |
4870 | ausearch, the traditional audit client. Note that this | |
b938cb90 | 4871 | implements only a minimal audit client. If you want the |
f9e00a9f LP |
4872 | special audit modes like reboot-on-log-overflow, please use |
4873 | the traditional auditd instead, which can be used in | |
4874 | parallel to journald. | |
4875 | ||
4876 | * The ConditionSecurity= unit file option now understands the | |
4877 | special string "audit" to check whether auditing is | |
4878 | available. | |
4879 | ||
4880 | * journalctl gained two new commands --vacuum-size= and | |
4881 | --vacuum-time= to delete old journal files until the | |
a8eaaee7 | 4882 | remaining ones take up no more than the specified size on disk, |
f9e00a9f LP |
4883 | or are not older than the specified time. |
4884 | ||
4885 | * A new, native PPPoE library has been added to sd-network, | |
4886 | systemd's library of light-weight networking protocols. This | |
4887 | library will be used in a future version of networkd to | |
4888 | enable PPPoE communication without an external pppd daemon. | |
4889 | ||
4890 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "capture" verb that | |
4891 | works similar to "monitor", but writes a packet capture | |
4892 | trace to STDOUT that can be redirected to a file which is | |
4893 | compatible with libcap's capture file format. This can then | |
4894 | be loaded in Wireshark and similar tools to inspect bus | |
4895 | communication. | |
4896 | ||
4897 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "tree" verb that shows | |
4898 | the object trees of a specific service on the bus, or of all | |
4899 | services. | |
4900 | ||
4901 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "introspect" verb that | |
4902 | shows all interfaces and members of objects on the bus, | |
4903 | including their signature and values. This is particularly | |
4904 | useful to get more information about bus objects shown by | |
4905 | the new "busctl tree" command. | |
4906 | ||
4907 | * The busctl tool now understands new verbs "call", | |
4908 | "set-property" and "get-property" for invoking bus method | |
4909 | calls, setting and getting bus object properties in a | |
4910 | friendly way. | |
4911 | ||
4912 | * busctl gained a new --augment-creds= argument that controls | |
4913 | whether the tool shall augment credential information it | |
4914 | gets from the bus with data from /proc, in a possibly | |
4915 | race-ful way. | |
4916 | ||
4917 | * nspawn's --link-journal= switch gained two new values | |
4918 | "try-guest" and "try-host" that work like "guest" and | |
17c29493 | 4919 | "host", but do not fail if the host has no persistent |
f9e00a9f LP |
4920 | journalling enabled. -j is now equivalent to |
4921 | --link-journal=try-guest. | |
4922 | ||
4923 | * macvlan network devices created by nspawn will now have | |
4924 | stable MAC addresses. | |
4925 | ||
4926 | * A new SmackProcessLabel= unit setting has been added, which | |
4927 | controls the SMACK security label processes forked off by | |
4928 | the respective unit shall use. | |
4929 | ||
d4f5a1f4 DH |
4930 | * If compiled with --enable-xkbcommon, systemd-localed will |
4931 | verify x11 keymap settings by compiling the given keymap. It | |
4932 | will spew out warnings if the compilation fails. This | |
4933 | requires libxkbcommon to be installed. | |
4934 | ||
b938cb90 | 4935 | * When a coredump is collected, a larger number of metadata |
f9e00a9f | 4936 | fields is now collected and included in the journal records |
b938cb90 | 4937 | created for it. More specifically, control group membership, |
f9e00a9f LP |
4938 | environment variables, memory maps, working directory, |
4939 | chroot directory, /proc/$PID/status, and a list of open file | |
4940 | descriptors is now stored in the log entry. | |
4941 | ||
17c29493 | 4942 | * The udev hwdb now contains DPI information for mice. For |
f9e00a9f LP |
4943 | details see: |
4944 | ||
4945 | http://who-t.blogspot.de/2014/12/building-a-dpi-database-for-mice.html | |
4946 | ||
4947 | * All systemd programs that read standalone configuration | |
4948 | files in /etc now also support a corresponding series of | |
997b2b43 JT |
4949 | .conf.d configuration directories in /etc/, /run/, |
4950 | /usr/local/lib/, /usr/lib/, and (if configured with | |
4951 | --enable-split-usr) /lib/. In particular, the following | |
4952 | configuration files now have corresponding configuration | |
4953 | directories: system.conf user.conf, logind.conf, | |
4954 | journald.conf, sleep.conf, bootchart.conf, coredump.conf, | |
4955 | resolved.conf, timesyncd.conf, journal-remote.conf, and | |
4956 | journal-upload.conf. Note that distributions should use the | |
4957 | configuration directories in /usr/lib/; the directories in | |
4958 | /etc/ are reserved for the system administrator. | |
4959 | ||
f9e00a9f LP |
4960 | * systemd-rfkill will no longer take the rfkill device name |
4961 | into account when storing rfkill state on disk, as the name | |
4962 | might be dynamically assigned and not stable. Instead, the | |
4963 | ID_PATH udev variable combined with the rfkill type (wlan, | |
4964 | bluetooth, ...) is used. | |
4965 | ||
4966 | * A new service systemd-machine-id-commit.service has been | |
4967 | added. When used on systems where /etc is read-only during | |
4968 | boot, and /etc/machine-id is not initialized (but an empty | |
4969 | file), this service will copy the temporary machine ID | |
4970 | created as replacement into /etc after the system is fully | |
4971 | booted up. This is useful for systems that are freshly | |
4972 | installed with a non-initialized machine ID, but should get | |
4973 | a fixed machine ID for subsequent boots. | |
4974 | ||
4975 | * networkd's .netdev files now provide a large set of | |
a8eaaee7 | 4976 | configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similarly, the |
f9e00a9f LP |
4977 | bridge port cost parameter is now configurable in .network |
4978 | files. There's also new support for configuring IP source | |
4979 | routing. networkd .link files gained support for a new | |
4980 | OriginalName= match that is useful to match against the | |
4981 | original interface name the kernel assigned. .network files | |
4982 | may include MTU= and MACAddress= fields for altering the MTU | |
4983 | and MAC address while being connected to a specific network | |
4984 | interface. | |
4985 | ||
4986 | * The LUKS logic gained supported for configuring | |
4987 | UUID-specific key files. There's also new support for naming | |
4988 | LUKS device from the kernel command line, using the new | |
4989 | luks.name= argument. | |
4990 | ||
4991 | * Timer units may now be transiently created via the bus API | |
4992 | (this was previously already available for scope and service | |
4993 | units). In addition it is now possible to create multiple | |
4994 | transient units at the same time with a single bus call. The | |
4995 | "systemd-run" tool has been updated to make use of this for | |
4996 | running commands on a specified time, in at(1)-style. | |
4997 | ||
4998 | * tmpfiles gained support for "t" lines, for assigning | |
4999 | extended attributes to files. Among other uses this may be | |
5000 | used to assign SMACK labels to files. | |
5001 | ||
13e92f39 LP |
5002 | Contributions from: Alin Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrej |
5003 | Manduch, Bastien Nocera, Chris Atkinson, Chris Leech, Chris | |
5004 | Mayo, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
5005 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dan Winship, Dave | |
5006 | Reisner, David Herrmann, Didier Roche, Felipe Sateler, Gavin | |
5007 | Li, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Ivan | |
5008 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Joe | |
5009 | Lawrence, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
5010 | Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, Mantas | |
5011 | Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Maurizio Lombardi, | |
5012 | Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Marineau, Michal | |
7da81d33 LP |
5013 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, Peter |
5014 | Hutterer, Przemyslaw Kedzierski, Rami Rosen, Ray Strode, | |
5015 | Richard Schütz, Richard W.M. Jones, Ronny Chevalier, Ross | |
5016 | Lagerwall, Sean Young, Stanisław Pitucha, Susant Sahani, | |
5017 | Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
5018 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vicente Olivert | |
5019 | Riera, WaLyong Cho, Wesley Dawson, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
13e92f39 | 5020 | |
ccddd104 | 5021 | — Berlin, 2014-12-10 |
f9e00a9f | 5022 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
5023 | CHANGES WITH 217: |
5024 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
5025 | * journalctl gained the new options -t/--identifier= to match |
5026 | on the syslog identifier (aka "tag"), as well as --utc to | |
5027 | show log timestamps in the UTC timezone. journalctl now also | |
5028 | accepts -n/--lines=all to disable line capping in a pager. | |
b62a309a | 5029 | |
a65b8245 ZJS |
5030 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --flush, that synchronously |
5031 | flushes logs from /run/log/journal to /var/log/journal if | |
5032 | persistent storage is enabled. systemd-journal-flush.service | |
5033 | now waits until the operation is complete. | |
2a97b03b | 5034 | |
b62a309a ZJS |
5035 | * Services can notify the manager before they start a reload |
5036 | (by sending RELOADING=1) or shutdown (by sending | |
4bdc60cb LP |
5037 | STOPPING=1). This allows the manager to track and show the |
5038 | internal state of daemons and closes a race condition when | |
78b6b7ce | 5039 | the process is still running but has closed its D-Bus |
4bdc60cb | 5040 | connection. |
b62a309a | 5041 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
5042 | * Services with Type=oneshot do not have to have any ExecStart |
5043 | commands anymore. | |
b62a309a ZJS |
5044 | |
5045 | * User units are now loaded also from | |
5046 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/. This is similar to the | |
5047 | /run/systemd/user directory that was already previously | |
5048 | supported, but is under the control of the user. | |
5049 | ||
3f9a0a52 | 5050 | * Job timeouts (i.e. timeouts on the time a job that is |
4ffd29fd LP |
5051 | queued stays in the run queue) can now optionally result in |
5052 | immediate reboot or power-off actions (JobTimeoutAction= and | |
5053 | JobTimeoutRebootArgument=). This is useful on ".target" | |
5054 | units, to limit the maximum time a target remains | |
5055 | undispatched in the run queue, and to trigger an emergency | |
5056 | operation in such a case. This is now used by default to | |
5057 | turn off the system if boot-up (as defined by everything in | |
5058 | basic.target) hangs and does not complete for at least | |
5059 | 15min. Also, if power-off or reboot hang for at least 30min | |
5060 | an immediate power-off/reboot operation is triggered. This | |
5061 | functionality is particularly useful to increase reliability | |
5062 | on embedded devices, but also on laptops which might | |
5063 | accidentally get powered on when carried in a backpack and | |
5064 | whose boot stays stuck in a hard disk encryption passphrase | |
5065 | question. | |
5066 | ||
b62a309a ZJS |
5067 | * systemd-logind can be configured to also handle lid switch |
5068 | events even when the machine is docked or multiple displays | |
5069 | are attached (HandleLidSwitchDocked= option). | |
5070 | ||
5071 | * A helper binary and a service have been added which can be | |
5072 | used to resume from hibernation in the initramfs. A | |
5073 | generator will parse the resume= option on the kernel | |
81c7dd89 | 5074 | command line to trigger resume. |
b62a309a | 5075 | |
78b6b7ce LP |
5076 | * A user console daemon systemd-consoled has been |
5077 | added. Currently, it is a preview, and will so far open a | |
5078 | single terminal on each session of the user marked as | |
09077149 | 5079 | Desktop=systemd-console. |
b62a309a ZJS |
5080 | |
5081 | * Route metrics can be specified for DHCP routes added by | |
5082 | systemd-networkd. | |
5083 | ||
ba8df74b | 5084 | * The SELinux context of socket-activated services can be set |
78b6b7ce | 5085 | from the information provided by the networking stack |
b62a309a ZJS |
5086 | (SELinuxContextFromNet= option). |
5087 | ||
5088 | * Userspace firmware loading support has been removed and | |
5089 | the minimum supported kernel version is thus bumped to 3.7. | |
5090 | ||
5091 | * Timeout for udev workers has been increased from 1 to 3 | |
5092 | minutes, but a warning will be printed after 1 minute to | |
5093 | help diagnose kernel modules that take a long time to load. | |
5094 | ||
78b6b7ce | 5095 | * Udev rules can now remove tags on devices with TAG-="foobar". |
b62a309a | 5096 | |
4bdc60cb | 5097 | * systemd's readahead implementation has been removed. In many |
f6d1de85 | 5098 | circumstances it didn't give expected benefits even for |
b62a309a | 5099 | rotational disk drives and was becoming less relevant in the |
78b6b7ce LP |
5100 | age of SSDs. As none of the developers has been using |
5101 | rotating media anymore, and nobody stepped up to actively | |
5102 | maintain this component of systemd it has now been removed. | |
b62a309a | 5103 | |
c4ac9900 | 5104 | * Swap units can use Options= to specify discard options. |
b62a309a ZJS |
5105 | Discard options specified for swaps in /etc/fstab are now |
5106 | respected. | |
5107 | ||
5108 | * Docker containers are now detected as a separate type of | |
5109 | virtualization. | |
5110 | ||
5111 | * The Password Agent protocol gained support for queries where | |
ba8df74b | 5112 | the user input is shown, useful e.g. for user names. |
78b6b7ce LP |
5113 | systemd-ask-password gained a new --echo option to turn that |
5114 | on. | |
b62a309a | 5115 | |
e6c253e3 MS |
5116 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set: |
5117 | ||
5118 | net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel | |
5119 | ||
ba8df74b KS |
5120 | This selects Fair Queuing Controlled Delay as the default |
5121 | queuing discipline for network interfaces. fq_codel helps | |
e6c253e3 MS |
5122 | fight the network bufferbloat problem. It is believed to be |
5123 | a good default with no tuning required for most workloads. | |
5124 | Downstream distributions may override this choice. On 10Gbit | |
5125 | servers that do not do forwarding, "fq" may perform better. | |
5126 | Systems without a good clocksource should use "pfifo_fast". | |
5127 | ||
4bdc60cb LP |
5128 | * If kdbus is enabled during build a new option BusPolicy= is |
5129 | available for service units, that allows locking all service | |
5130 | processes into a stricter bus policy, in order to limit | |
5131 | access to various bus services, or even hide most of them | |
5132 | from the service's view entirely. | |
5133 | ||
5134 | * networkctl will now show the .network and .link file | |
5135 | networkd has applied to a specific interface. | |
5136 | ||
5137 | * sd-login gained a new API call sd_session_get_desktop() to | |
5138 | query which desktop environment has been selected for a | |
5139 | session. | |
5140 | ||
5141 | * UNIX utmp support is now compile-time optional to support | |
5142 | legacy-free systems. | |
5143 | ||
78b6b7ce LP |
5144 | * systemctl gained two new commands "add-wants" and |
5145 | "add-requires" for pulling in units from specific targets | |
5146 | easily. | |
5147 | ||
5148 | * If the word "rescue" is specified on the kernel command line | |
5149 | the system will now boot into rescue mode (aka | |
5150 | rescue.target), which was previously available only by | |
5151 | specifying "1" or "systemd.unit=rescue.target" on the kernel | |
5152 | command line. This new kernel command line option nicely | |
5153 | mirrors the already existing "emergency" kernel command line | |
5154 | option. | |
5155 | ||
5156 | * New kernel command line options mount.usr=, mount.usrflags=, | |
d4474c41 | 5157 | mount.usrfstype= have been added that match root=, rootflags=, |
78b6b7ce LP |
5158 | rootfstype= but allow mounting a specific file system to |
5159 | /usr. | |
5160 | ||
f6d1de85 | 5161 | * The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is now also passed to control processes of |
78b6b7ce LP |
5162 | services, not only the main process. |
5163 | ||
5164 | * This version reenables support for fsck's -l switch. This | |
5165 | means at least version v2.25 of util-linux is required for | |
5166 | operation, otherwise dead-locks on device nodes may | |
5167 | occur. Again: you need to update util-linux to at least | |
5168 | v2.25 when updating systemd to v217. | |
5169 | ||
3769415e TT |
5170 | * The "multi-seat-x" tool has been removed from systemd, as |
5171 | its functionality has been integrated into X servers 1.16, | |
5172 | and the tool is hence redundant. It is recommended to update | |
5173 | display managers invoking this tool to simply invoke X | |
5174 | directly from now on, again. | |
5175 | ||
fae9332b | 5176 | * Support for the new ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION D-Bus |
d35f51ea ZJS |
5177 | message flag has been added for all of systemd's polkit |
5178 | authenticated method calls has been added. In particular this | |
5179 | now allows optional interactive authorization via polkit for | |
5180 | many of PID1's privileged operations such as unit file | |
5181 | enabling and disabling. | |
fae9332b | 5182 | |
cfa1571b LP |
5183 | * "udevadm hwdb --update" learnt a new switch "--usr" for |
5184 | placing the rebuilt hardware database in /usr instead of | |
5185 | /etc. When used only hardware database entries stored in | |
5186 | /usr will be used, and any user database entries in /etc are | |
5187 | ignored. This functionality is useful for vendors to ship a | |
5188 | pre-built database on systems where local configuration is | |
5189 | unnecessary or unlikely. | |
5190 | ||
7e63dd10 LP |
5191 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now also |
5192 | understand the strings "semi-annually", "quarterly" and | |
ba8df74b | 5193 | "minutely" as shortcuts (in addition to the preexisting |
7e63dd10 LP |
5194 | "anually", "hourly", ...). |
5195 | ||
d4474c41 TG |
5196 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now correctly create files in /dev |
5197 | at boot which are marked for creation only at boot. It is | |
5198 | recommended to always create static device nodes with 'c!' | |
5199 | and 'b!', so that they are created only at boot and not | |
5200 | overwritten at runtime. | |
5201 | ||
3b187c5c LP |
5202 | * When the watchdog logic is used for a service (WatchdogSec=) |
5203 | and the watchdog timeout is hit the service will now be | |
5204 | terminated with SIGABRT (instead of just SIGTERM), in order | |
5205 | to make sure a proper coredump and backtrace is | |
5206 | generated. This ensures that hanging services will result in | |
5207 | similar coredump/backtrace behaviour as services that hit a | |
5208 | segmentation fault. | |
5209 | ||
4b08dd87 LP |
5210 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Andrei Borzenkov, |
5211 | Angus Gibson, Ansgar Burchardt, Ben Wolsieffer, Brandon L. | |
5212 | Black, Christian Hesse, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, | |
5213 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David | |
5214 | Herrmann, David Sommerseth, David Strauss, Emil Renner | |
5215 | Berthing, Eric Cook, Evangelos Foutras, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
5216 | Gustavo Sverzut Barbieri, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo | |
5217 | Venev, Hugo Grostabussiat, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
5218 | Synacek, Jonathan Liu, Juho Son, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Klaus | |
5219 | Purer, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
5220 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
5221 | Marius Tessmann, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
5222 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, Michal | |
5223 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miroslav Lichvar, Patrik Flykt, | |
5224 | Philippe De Swert, Piotr Drąg, Rahul Sundaram, Richard | |
5225 | Weinberger, Robert Milasan, Ronny Chevalier, Ruben Kerkhof, | |
5226 | Santiago Vila, Sergey Ptashnick, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd | |
5227 | Simons, Stefan Brüns, Steven Allen, Steven Noonan, Susant | |
5228 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
5229 | Timofey Titovets, Tobias Hunger, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
5230 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew | |
13e92f39 | 5231 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
4b08dd87 | 5232 | |
ccddd104 | 5233 | — Berlin, 2014-10-28 |
4b08dd87 | 5234 | |
b72ddf0f | 5235 | CHANGES WITH 216: |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5236 | |
5237 | * timedated no longer reads NTP implementation unit names from | |
b72ddf0f | 5238 | /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list. Alternative NTP |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5239 | implementations should add a |
5240 | ||
b72ddf0f | 5241 | Conflicts=systemd-timesyncd.service |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5242 | |
5243 | to their unit files to take over and replace systemd's NTP | |
5244 | default functionality. | |
5245 | ||
5246 | * systemd-sysusers gained a new line type "r" for configuring | |
5247 | which UID/GID ranges to allocate system users/groups | |
5248 | from. Lines of type "u" may now add an additional column | |
5249 | that specifies the home directory for the system user to be | |
5250 | created. Also, systemd-sysusers may now optionally read user | |
5251 | information from STDIN instead of a file. This is useful for | |
5252 | invoking it from RPM preinst scriptlets that need to create | |
5253 | users before the first RPM file is installed since these | |
5254 | files might need to be owned by them. A new | |
5255 | %sysusers_create_inline RPM macro has been introduced to do | |
5256 | just that. systemd-sysusers now updates the shadow files as | |
5257 | well as the user/group databases, which should enhance | |
5258 | compatibility with certain tools like grpck. | |
5259 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
5260 | * A number of bus APIs of PID 1 now optionally consult polkit to |
5261 | permit access for otherwise unprivileged clients under certain | |
5262 | conditions. Note that this currently doesn't support | |
5263 | interactive authentication yet, but this is expected to be | |
5264 | added eventually, too. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5265 | |
5266 | * /etc/machine-info now has new fields for configuring the | |
5267 | deployment environment of the machine, as well as the | |
5268 | location of the machine. hostnamectl has been updated with | |
5269 | new command to update these fields. | |
5270 | ||
5271 | * systemd-timesyncd has been updated to automatically acquire | |
5272 | NTP server information from systemd-networkd, which might | |
5273 | have been discovered via DHCP. | |
5274 | ||
5275 | * systemd-resolved now includes a caching DNS stub resolver | |
5276 | and a complete LLMNR name resolution implementation. A new | |
daa05349 AB |
5277 | NSS module "nss-resolve" has been added which can be used |
5278 | instead of glibc's own "nss-dns" to resolve hostnames via | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5279 | systemd-resolved. Hostnames, addresses and arbitrary RRs may |
5280 | be resolved via systemd-resolved D-Bus APIs. In contrast to | |
5281 | the glibc internal resolver systemd-resolved is aware of | |
5282 | multi-homed system, and keeps DNS server and caches separate | |
5f02e26c | 5283 | and per-interface. Queries are sent simultaneously on all |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5284 | interfaces that have DNS servers configured, in order to |
5285 | properly handle VPNs and local LANs which might resolve | |
5286 | separate sets of domain names. systemd-resolved may acquire | |
a1a4a25e | 5287 | DNS server information from systemd-networkd automatically, |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5288 | which in turn might have discovered them via DHCP. A tool |
5289 | "systemd-resolve-host" has been added that may be used to | |
5290 | query the DNS logic in resolved. systemd-resolved implements | |
5291 | IDNA and automatically uses IDNA or UTF-8 encoding depending | |
5292 | on whether classic DNS or LLMNR is used as transport. In the | |
5293 | next releases we intend to add a DNSSEC and mDNS/DNS-SD | |
5294 | implementation to systemd-resolved. | |
5295 | ||
5296 | * A new NSS module nss-mymachines has been added, that | |
5297 | automatically resolves the names of all local registered | |
5298 | containers to their respective IP addresses. | |
5299 | ||
5300 | * A new client tool "networkctl" for systemd-networkd has been | |
5301 | added. It currently is entirely passive and will query | |
5302 | networking configuration from udev, rtnetlink and networkd, | |
5f02e26c | 5303 | and present it to the user in a very friendly |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5304 | way. Eventually, we hope to extend it to become a full |
5305 | control utility for networkd. | |
5306 | ||
5307 | * .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that | |
5308 | controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for | |
a8eaaee7 | 5309 | TCP. Similarly, support for controlling TCP keep-alive |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5310 | settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=, |
5311 | KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for | |
5312 | turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added | |
5313 | (NoDelay=). | |
5314 | ||
a1a4a25e | 5315 | * logind learned a new session type "web", for use in projects |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5316 | like Cockpit which register web clients as PAM sessions. |
5317 | ||
5318 | * timer units with at least one OnCalendar= setting will now | |
46ae28d8 | 5319 | be started only after time-sync.target has been |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5320 | reached. This way they will not elapse before the system |
5321 | clock has been corrected by a local NTP client or | |
5322 | similar. This is particular useful on RTC-less embedded | |
5323 | machines, that come up with an invalid system clock. | |
5324 | ||
5325 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth= switch should now result in | |
5326 | stable MAC addresses for both the outer and the inner side | |
5327 | of the link. | |
5328 | ||
5329 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --volatile= switch for running | |
5330 | container instances with /etc or /var unpopulated. | |
5331 | ||
5332 | * The kdbus client code has been updated to use the new Linux | |
5333 | 3.17 memfd subsystem instead of the old kdbus-specific one. | |
5334 | ||
5335 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client and server now support | |
01da80b1 LP |
5336 | FORCERENEW. There are also new configuration options to |
5337 | configure the vendor client identifier and broadcast mode | |
5338 | for DHCP. | |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5339 | |
5340 | * systemd will no longer inform the kernel about the current | |
5341 | timezone, as this is necessarily incorrect and racy as the | |
5342 | kernel has no understanding of DST and similar | |
5343 | concepts. This hence means FAT timestamps will be always | |
5344 | considered UTC, similar to what Android is already | |
5345 | doing. Also, when the RTC is configured to the local time | |
5346 | (rather than UTC) systemd will never synchronize back to it, | |
5347 | as this might confuse Windows at a later boot. | |
5348 | ||
5349 | * systemd-analyze gained a new command "verify" for offline | |
5350 | validation of unit files. | |
5351 | ||
5352 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a couple of additional | |
5353 | settings for bonding networking setups. Also, the metric for | |
5354 | statically configured routes may now be configured. For | |
5355 | network interfaces where this is appropriate the peer IP | |
5356 | address may now be configured. | |
5357 | ||
26568403 TG |
5358 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client will no longer request |
5359 | broadcasting by default, as this tripped up some networks. | |
5360 | For hardware where broadcast is required the feature should | |
5361 | be switched back on using RequestBroadcast=yes. | |
5362 | ||
5363 | * systemd-networkd will now set up IPv4LL addresses (when | |
5364 | enabled) even if DHCP is configured successfully. | |
5365 | ||
5366 | * udev will now default to respect network device names given | |
5367 | by the kernel when the kernel indicates that these are | |
5368 | predictable. This behavior can be tweaked by changing | |
5369 | NamePolicy= in the relevant .link file. | |
5370 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
5371 | * A new library systemd-terminal has been added that |
5372 | implements full TTY stream parsing and rendering. This | |
5373 | library is supposed to be used later on for implementing a | |
5374 | full userspace VT subsystem, replacing the current kernel | |
5375 | implementation. | |
5376 | ||
5377 | * A new tool systemd-journal-upload has been added to push | |
5378 | journal data to a remote system running | |
5379 | systemd-journal-remote. | |
5380 | ||
5381 | * journald will no longer forward all local data to another | |
5382 | running syslog daemon. This change has been made because | |
5383 | rsyslog (which appears to be the most commonly used syslog | |
5384 | implementation these days) no longer makes use of this, and | |
5385 | instead pulls the data out of the journal on its own. Since | |
5f02e26c | 5386 | forwarding the messages to a non-existent syslog server is |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5387 | more expensive than we assumed we have now turned this |
5388 | off. If you run a syslog server that is not a recent rsyslog | |
5389 | version, you have to turn this option on again | |
5390 | (ForwardToSyslog= in journald.conf). | |
5391 | ||
5392 | * journald now optionally supports the LZ4 compressor for | |
5393 | larger journal fields. This compressor should perform much | |
5394 | better than XZ which was the previous default. | |
5395 | ||
5396 | * machinectl now shows the IP addresses of local containers, | |
5397 | if it knows them, plus the interface name of the container. | |
5398 | ||
5399 | * A new tool "systemd-escape" has been added that makes it | |
5400 | easy to escape strings to build unit names and similar. | |
5401 | ||
5402 | * sd_notify() messages may now include a new ERRNO= field | |
5403 | which is parsed and collected by systemd and shown among the | |
5404 | "systemctl status" output for a service. | |
5405 | ||
5406 | * A new component "systemd-firstboot" has been added that | |
5407 | queries the most basic systemd information (timezone, | |
a1a4a25e | 5408 | hostname, root password) interactively on first |
b2ca0d63 LP |
5409 | boot. Alternatively it may also be used to provision these |
5410 | things offline on OS images installed into directories. | |
5411 | ||
01da80b1 LP |
5412 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set |
5413 | ||
5414 | net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries=1 | |
5415 | ||
5416 | This has the benefit of no flushing secondary IP addresses | |
5417 | when primary addresses are removed. | |
5418 | ||
b2ca0d63 LP |
5419 | Contributions from: Ansgar Burchardt, Bastien Nocera, Colin |
5420 | Walters, Dan Dedrick, Daniel Buch, Daniel Korostil, Daniel | |
5421 | Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Denis | |
5422 | Kenzior, Eelco Dolstra, Eric Cook, Hannes Reinecke, Harald | |
5423 | Hoyer, Hong Shick Pak, Hui Wang, Jean-André Santoni, Jóhann | |
5424 | B. Guðmundsson, Jon Severinsson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kevin | |
5425 | Wells, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
5426 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
5427 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, | |
5428 | Miguel Angel Ajo, Mike Gilbert, Olivier Brunel, Robert | |
5429 | Schiele, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd Simons, Stef | |
5430 | Walter, Steven Noonan, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas | |
5431 | Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Timofey Titovets, | |
5432 | Tobias Geerinckx-Rice, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, Umut | |
5433 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
5434 | ||
ccddd104 | 5435 | — Berlin, 2014-08-19 |
b72ddf0f | 5436 | |
3dff3e00 | 5437 | CHANGES WITH 215: |
24a2bf4c LP |
5438 | |
5439 | * A new tool systemd-sysusers has been added. This tool | |
5440 | creates system users and groups in /etc/passwd and | |
5441 | /etc/group, based on static declarative system user/group | |
5442 | definitions in /usr/lib/sysusers.d/. This is useful to | |
5443 | enable factory resets and volatile systems that boot up with | |
5444 | an empty /etc directory, and thus need system users and | |
5445 | groups created during early boot. systemd now also ships | |
5446 | with two default sysusers.d/ files for the most basic | |
5447 | users and groups systemd and the core operating system | |
5448 | require. | |
5449 | ||
5450 | * A new tmpfiles snippet has been added that rebuilds the | |
5451 | essential files in /etc on boot, should they be missing. | |
5452 | ||
5453 | * A directive for ensuring automatic clean-up of | |
5454 | /var/cache/man/ has been removed from the default | |
5455 | configuration. This line should now be shipped by the man | |
5456 | implementation. The necessary change has been made to the | |
5457 | man-db implementation. Note that you need to update your man | |
5458 | implementation to one that ships this line, otherwise no | |
5459 | automatic clean-up of /var/cache/man will take place. | |
5460 | ||
5461 | * A new condition ConditionNeedsUpdate= has been added that | |
5462 | may conditionalize services to only run when /etc or /var | |
5463 | are "older" than the vendor operating system resources in | |
5464 | /usr. This is useful for reconstructing or updating /etc | |
5465 | after an offline update of /usr or a factory reset, on the | |
5466 | next reboot. Services that want to run once after such an | |
5467 | update or reset should use this condition and order | |
5468 | themselves before the new systemd-update-done.service, which | |
5469 | will mark the two directories as fully updated. A number of | |
5470 | service files have been added making use of this, to rebuild | |
5471 | the udev hardware database, the journald message catalog and | |
5472 | dynamic loader cache (ldconfig). The systemd-sysusers tool | |
5473 | described above also makes use of this now. With this in | |
5474 | place it is now possible to start up a minimal operating | |
ce1dde29 | 5475 | system with /etc empty cleanly. For more information on the |
24a2bf4c LP |
5476 | concepts involved see this recent blog story: |
5477 | ||
5478 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/stateless.html | |
5479 | ||
5480 | * A new system group "input" has been introduced, and all | |
5481 | input device nodes get this group assigned. This is useful | |
5482 | for system-level software to get access to input devices. It | |
3dff3e00 KS |
5483 | complements what is already done for "audio" and "video". |
5484 | ||
24a2bf4c LP |
5485 | * systemd-networkd learnt minimal DHCPv4 server support in |
5486 | addition to the existing DHCPv4 client support. It also | |
5487 | learnt DHCPv6 client and IPv6 Router Solicitation client | |
5488 | support. The DHCPv4 client gained support for static routes | |
5489 | passed in from the server. Note that the [DHCPv4] section | |
5490 | known in older systemd-networkd versions has been renamed to | |
5491 | [DHCP] and is now also used by the DHCPv6 client. Existing | |
c7435cc9 LP |
5492 | .network files using settings of this section should be |
5493 | updated, though compatibility is maintained. Optionally, the | |
5494 | client hostname may now be sent to the DHCP server. | |
24a2bf4c | 5495 | |
c7435cc9 LP |
5496 | * networkd gained support for vxlan virtual networks as well |
5497 | as tun/tap and dummy devices. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
5498 | |
5499 | * networkd gained support for automatic allocation of address | |
5500 | ranges for interfaces from a system-wide pool of | |
5501 | addresses. This is useful for dynamically managing a large | |
5502 | number of interfaces with a single network configuration | |
5503 | file. In particular this is useful to easily assign | |
5504 | appropriate IP addresses to the veth links of a large number | |
5505 | of nspawn instances. | |
5506 | ||
5507 | * RPM macros for processing sysusers, sysctl and binfmt | |
5508 | drop-in snippets at package installation time have been | |
5509 | added. | |
5510 | ||
5511 | * The /etc/os-release file should now be placed in | |
5512 | /usr/lib/os-release. The old location is automatically | |
5513 | created as symlink. /usr/lib is the more appropriate | |
5514 | location of this file, since it shall actually describe the | |
5515 | vendor operating system shipped in /usr, and not the | |
5516 | configuration stored in /etc. | |
5517 | ||
5518 | * .mount units gained a new boolean SloppyOptions= setting | |
5519 | that maps to mount(8)'s -s option which enables permissive | |
5520 | parsing of unknown mount options. | |
5521 | ||
5522 | * tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink | |
5523 | but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should | |
5524 | it already exist and not already be the correct | |
a8eaaee7 | 5525 | symlink. Similarly, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been |
24a2bf4c LP |
5526 | added as well, which create block and character devices, as |
5527 | well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any | |
5528 | pre-existing files of different types. | |
5529 | ||
5530 | * For tmpfiles' "L", "L+", "C" and "C+" directives the final | |
5531 | 'argument' field (which so far specified the source to | |
ce1dde29 | 5532 | symlink/copy the files from) is now optional. If omitted the |
24a2bf4c LP |
5533 | same file os copied from /usr/share/factory/ suffixed by the |
5534 | full destination path. This is useful for populating /etc | |
5535 | with essential files, by copying them from vendor defaults | |
5536 | shipped in /usr/share/factory/etc. | |
5537 | ||
5538 | * A new command "systemctl preset-all" has been added that | |
5539 | applies the service preset settings to all installed unit | |
5540 | files. A new switch --preset-mode= has been added that | |
5541 | controls whether only enable or only disable operations | |
5542 | shall be executed. | |
5543 | ||
5544 | * A new command "systemctl is-system-running" has been added | |
5545 | that allows checking the overall state of the system, for | |
ce1dde29 | 5546 | example whether it is fully up and running. |
24a2bf4c LP |
5547 | |
5548 | * When the system boots up with an empty /etc, the equivalent | |
5549 | to "systemctl preset-all" is executed during early boot, to | |
5550 | make sure all default services are enabled after a factory | |
5551 | reset. | |
5552 | ||
5553 | * systemd now contains a minimal preset file that enables the | |
5554 | most basic services systemd ships by default. | |
5555 | ||
5556 | * Unit files' [Install] section gained a new DefaultInstance= | |
5557 | field for defining the default instance to create if a | |
5558 | template unit is enabled with no instance specified. | |
5559 | ||
5560 | * A new passive target cryptsetup-pre.target has been added | |
5561 | that may be used by services that need to make they run and | |
5562 | finish before the first LUKS cryptographic device is set up. | |
5563 | ||
5564 | * The /dev/loop-control and /dev/btrfs-control device nodes | |
5565 | are now owned by the "disk" group by default, opening up | |
5566 | access to this group. | |
5567 | ||
5568 | * systemd-coredump will now automatically generate a | |
5569 | stack trace of all core dumps taking place on the system, | |
5570 | based on elfutils' libdw library. This stack trace is logged | |
5571 | to the journal. | |
5572 | ||
5573 | * systemd-coredump may now optionally store coredumps directly | |
5574 | on disk (in /var/lib/systemd/coredump, possibly compressed), | |
5575 | instead of storing them unconditionally in the journal. This | |
5576 | mode is the new default. A new configuration file | |
5577 | /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been added to configure this | |
5578 | and other parameters of systemd-coredump. | |
5579 | ||
5580 | * coredumpctl gained a new "info" verb to show details about a | |
5581 | specific coredump. A new switch "-1" has also been added | |
5582 | that makes sure to only show information about the most | |
5583 | recent entry instead of all entries. Also, as the tool is | |
5584 | generally useful now the "systemd-" prefix of the binary | |
5585 | name has been removed. Distributions that want to maintain | |
5586 | compatibility with the old name should add a symlink from | |
5587 | the old name to the new name. | |
5588 | ||
5589 | * journald's SplitMode= now defaults to "uid". This makes sure | |
ce1dde29 | 5590 | that unprivileged users can access their own coredumps with |
24a2bf4c LP |
5591 | coredumpctl without restrictions. |
5592 | ||
5593 | * New kernel command line options "systemd.wants=" (for | |
5594 | pulling an additional unit during boot), "systemd.mask=" | |
5595 | (for masking a specific unit for the boot), and | |
5596 | "systemd.debug-shell" (for enabling the debug shell on tty9) | |
5597 | have been added. This is implemented in the new generator | |
5598 | "systemd-debug-generator". | |
5599 | ||
5600 | * systemd-nspawn will now by default filter a couple of | |
5601 | syscalls for containers, among them those required for | |
5602 | kernel module loading, direct x86 IO port access, swap | |
5603 | management, and kexec. Most importantly though | |
5604 | open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers, | |
5605 | closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability | |
5606 | in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the | |
b938cb90 JE |
5607 | container should normally not have access to. Note that, for |
5608 | nspawn, we generally make no security claims anyway (and | |
24a2bf4c LP |
5609 | this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is |
5610 | just a fix for one of the most obvious problems. | |
5611 | ||
5612 | * A new man page file-hierarchy(7) has been added that | |
5613 | contains a minimized, modernized version of the file system | |
5614 | layout systemd expects, similar in style to the FHS | |
c7435cc9 LP |
5615 | specification or hier(5). A new tool systemd-path(1) has |
5616 | been added to query many of these paths for the local | |
5617 | machine and user. | |
24a2bf4c LP |
5618 | |
5619 | * Automatic time-based clean-up of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is no | |
5620 | longer done. Since the directory now has a per-user size | |
5621 | limit, and is cleaned on logout this appears unnecessary, | |
5622 | in particular since this now brings the lifecycle of this | |
5623 | directory closer in line with how IPC objects are handled. | |
5624 | ||
5625 | * systemd.pc now exports a number of additional directories, | |
5626 | including $libdir (which is useful to identify the library | |
5627 | path for the primary architecture of the system), and a | |
5628 | couple of drop-in directories. | |
5629 | ||
3058e017 TLSC |
5630 | * udev's predictable network interface names now use the dev_port |
5631 | sysfs attribute, introduced in linux 3.15 instead of dev_id to | |
5632 | distinguish between ports of the same PCI function. dev_id should | |
5633 | only be used for ports using the same HW address, hence the need | |
5634 | for dev_port. | |
5635 | ||
c7435cc9 LP |
5636 | * machined has been updated to export the OS version of a |
5637 | container (read from /etc/os-release and | |
5638 | /usr/lib/os-release) on the bus. This is now shown in | |
5639 | "machinectl status" for a machine. | |
5640 | ||
5641 | * A new service setting RestartForceExitStatus= has been | |
5642 | added. If configured to a set of exit signals or process | |
5643 | return values, the service will be restarted when the main | |
5644 | daemon process exits with any of them, regardless of the | |
5645 | Restart= setting. | |
5646 | ||
5647 | * systemctl's -H switch for connecting to remote systemd | |
5648 | machines has been extended so that it may be used to | |
5649 | directly connect to a specific container on the | |
5650 | host. "systemctl -H root@foobar:waldi" will now connect as | |
5651 | user "root" to host "foobar", and then proceed directly to | |
5652 | the container named "waldi". Note that currently you have to | |
5653 | authenticate as user "root" for this to work, as entering | |
5654 | containers is a privileged operation. | |
5655 | ||
5656 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Benjamin Steinwender, | |
5657 | Carl Schaefer, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian King, Cristian | |
5658 | Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Eugene | |
5659 | Yakubovich, Filipe Brandenburger, Frederic Crozat, Hristo | |
5660 | Venev, Jan Engelhardt, Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
5661 | Poettering, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine | |
5662 | Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
5663 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Sekletar, Patrik Flykt, Ronan Le | |
5664 | Martret, Ronny Chevalier, Ruediger Oertel, Steven Noonan, | |
5665 | Susant Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Thomas Hindoe | |
5666 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Hirst, Umut Tezduyar | |
5667 | Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
5668 | ||
ccddd104 | 5669 | — Berlin, 2014-07-03 |
c7435cc9 | 5670 | |
4196a3ea KS |
5671 | CHANGES WITH 214: |
5672 | ||
5673 | * As an experimental feature, udev now tries to lock the | |
5674 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)) while it | |
5675 | executes events for the disk or any of its partitions. | |
5676 | Applications like partitioning programs can lock the | |
5677 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_EX)) and claim temporary | |
5678 | device ownership that way; udev will entirely skip all event | |
5679 | handling for this disk and its partitions. If the disk | |
5680 | was opened for writing, the close will trigger a partition | |
5681 | table rescan in udev's "watch" facility, and if needed | |
71449caf | 5682 | synthesize "change" events for the disk and all its partitions. |
8d0e0ddd | 5683 | This is now unconditionally enabled, and if it turns out to |
4196a3ea | 5684 | cause major problems, we might turn it on only for specific |
45df8656 | 5685 | devices, or might need to disable it entirely. Device Mapper |
4196a3ea KS |
5686 | devices are excluded from this logic. |
5687 | ||
04e91da2 LP |
5688 | * We temporarily dropped the "-l" switch for fsck invocations, |
5689 | since they collide with the flock() logic above. util-linux | |
5690 | upstream has been changed already to avoid this conflict, | |
5691 | and we will readd "-l" as soon as util-linux with this | |
5692 | change has been released. | |
5693 | ||
5694 | * The dependency on libattr has been removed. Since a long | |
8d0e0ddd | 5695 | time, the extended attribute calls have moved to glibc, and |
04e91da2 LP |
5696 | libattr is thus unnecessary. |
5697 | ||
ce830873 | 5698 | * Virtualization detection works without privileges now. This |
04e91da2 LP |
5699 | means the systemd-detect-virt binary no longer requires |
5700 | CAP_SYS_PTRACE file capabilities, and our daemons can run | |
71449caf | 5701 | with fewer privileges. |
04e91da2 LP |
5702 | |
5703 | * systemd-networkd now runs under its own "systemd-network" | |
5704 | user. It retains the CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, | |
5705 | CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but | |
5706 | loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way. | |
5707 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 5708 | * Similarly, systemd-resolved now runs under its own |
04e91da2 LP |
5709 | "systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining. |
5710 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 5711 | * Similarly, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own |
04e91da2 LP |
5712 | "systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining. |
5713 | ||
5714 | * systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth" | |
a8eaaee7 | 5715 | virtual Ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well |
04e91da2 LP |
5716 | as GRE and VTI tunnels. |
5717 | ||
5718 | * systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to | |
5719 | manually load kernel modules necessary for certain tunnel | |
8d0e0ddd | 5720 | transports. Instead, it is assumed the kernel loads them |
04e91da2 LP |
5721 | automatically when required. This only works correctly on |
5722 | very new kernels. On older kernels, please consider adding | |
c54bed5d | 5723 | the kernel modules to /etc/modules-load.d/ as a work-around. |
04e91da2 | 5724 | |
cd14eda3 | 5725 | * The resolv.conf file systemd-resolved generates has been |
8d0e0ddd JE |
5726 | moved to /run/systemd/resolve/. If you have a symlink from |
5727 | /etc/resolv.conf, it might be necessary to correct it. | |
cd14eda3 | 5728 | |
ef392da6 | 5729 | * Two new service settings, ProtectHome= and ProtectSystem=, |
8d0e0ddd | 5730 | have been added. When enabled, they will make the user data |
04e91da2 LP |
5731 | (such as /home) inaccessible or read-only and the system |
5732 | (such as /usr) read-only, for specific services. This allows | |
5733 | very light-weight per-service sandboxing to avoid | |
5734 | modifications of user data or system files from | |
5735 | services. These two new switches have been enabled for all | |
5736 | of systemd's long-running services, where appropriate. | |
5737 | ||
5738 | * Socket units gained new SocketUser= and SocketGroup= | |
5739 | settings to set the owner user and group of AF_UNIX sockets | |
5740 | and FIFOs in the file system. | |
5741 | ||
8d0e0ddd | 5742 | * Socket units gained a new RemoveOnStop= setting. If enabled, |
04e91da2 LP |
5743 | all FIFOS and sockets in the file system will be removed |
5744 | when the specific socket unit is stopped. | |
5745 | ||
5746 | * Socket units gained a new Symlinks= setting. It takes a list | |
5747 | of symlinks to create to file system sockets or FIFOs | |
45df8656 | 5748 | created by the specific Unix sockets. This is useful to |
71449caf | 5749 | manage symlinks to socket nodes with the same life-cycle as |
04e91da2 LP |
5750 | the socket itself. |
5751 | ||
5752 | * The /dev/log socket and /dev/initctl FIFO have been moved to | |
5753 | /run, and have been replaced by symlinks. This allows | |
5754 | connecting to these facilities even if PrivateDevices=yes is | |
5755 | used for a service (which makes /dev/log itself unavailable, | |
5756 | but /run is left). This also has the benefit of ensuring | |
5757 | that /dev only contains device nodes, directories and | |
5758 | symlinks, and nothing else. | |
5759 | ||
5760 | * sd-daemon gained two new calls sd_pid_notify() and | |
5761 | sd_pid_notifyf(). They are similar to sd_notify() and | |
5762 | sd_notifyf(), but allow overriding of the source PID of | |
5763 | notification messages if permissions permit this. This is | |
5764 | useful to send notify messages on behalf of a different | |
5765 | process (for example, the parent process). The | |
5766 | systemd-notify tool has been updated to make use of this | |
5767 | when sending messages (so that notification messages now | |
5768 | originate from the shell script invoking systemd-notify and | |
5769 | not the systemd-notify process itself. This should minimize | |
5770 | a race where systemd fails to associate notification | |
5771 | messages to services when the originating process already | |
5772 | vanished. | |
5773 | ||
5774 | * A new "on-abnormal" setting for Restart= has been added. If | |
8d0e0ddd | 5775 | set, it will result in automatic restarts on all "abnormal" |
04e91da2 LP |
5776 | reasons for a process to exit, which includes unclean |
5777 | signals, core dumps, timeouts and watchdog timeouts, but | |
5778 | does not include clean and unclean exit codes or clean | |
5779 | signals. Restart=on-abnormal is an alternative for | |
5780 | Restart=on-failure for services that shall be able to | |
5781 | terminate and avoid restarts on certain errors, by | |
5782 | indicating so with an unclean exit code. Restart=on-failure | |
5783 | or Restart=on-abnormal is now the recommended setting for | |
5784 | all long-running services. | |
5785 | ||
5786 | * If the InaccessibleDirectories= service setting points to a | |
5787 | mount point (or if there are any submounts contained within | |
5788 | it), it is now attempted to completely unmount it, to make | |
5789 | the file systems truly unavailable for the respective | |
5790 | service. | |
5791 | ||
5792 | * The ReadOnlyDirectories= service setting and | |
5793 | systemd-nspawn's --read-only parameter are now recursively | |
5794 | applied to all submounts, too. | |
5795 | ||
5796 | * Mount units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs. | |
5797 | ||
5798 | * The support for SysV and LSB init scripts has been removed | |
5799 | from the systemd daemon itself. Instead, it is now | |
5800 | implemented as a generator that creates native systemd units | |
5801 | from these scripts when needed. This enables us to remove a | |
5802 | substantial amount of legacy code from PID 1, following the | |
5803 | fact that many distributions only ship a very small number | |
5804 | of LSB/SysV init scripts nowadays. | |
5805 | ||
cc98b302 | 5806 | * Privileged Xen (dom0) domains are not considered |
04e91da2 LP |
5807 | virtualization anymore by the virtualization detection |
5808 | logic. After all, they generally have unrestricted access to | |
71449caf | 5809 | the hardware and usually are used to manage the unprivileged |
04e91da2 LP |
5810 | (domU) domains. |
5811 | ||
5812 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new "C" line type, for copying | |
5813 | files or entire directories. | |
5814 | ||
5815 | * systemd-tmpfiles "m" lines are now fully equivalent to "z" | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
5816 | lines. So far, they have been non-globbing versions of the |
5817 | latter, and have thus been redundant. In future, it is | |
5818 | recommended to only use "z". "m" has hence been removed | |
04e91da2 LP |
5819 | from the documentation, even though it stays supported. |
5820 | ||
5821 | * A tmpfiles snippet to recreate the most basic structure in | |
5822 | /var has been added. This is enough to create the /var/run → | |
5823 | /run symlink and create a couple of structural | |
5824 | directories. This allows systems to boot up with an empty or | |
8d0e0ddd JE |
5825 | volatile /var. Of course, while with this change, the core OS |
5826 | now is capable with dealing with a volatile /var, not all | |
04e91da2 | 5827 | user services are ready for it. However, we hope that sooner |
8d0e0ddd | 5828 | or later, many service daemons will be changed upstream so |
04e91da2 LP |
5829 | that they are able to automatically create their necessary |
5830 | directories in /var at boot, should they be missing. This is | |
5831 | the first step to allow state-less systems that only require | |
5832 | the vendor image for /usr to boot. | |
5833 | ||
5834 | * systemd-nspawn has gained a new --tmpfs= switch to mount an | |
5835 | empty tmpfs instance to a specific directory. This is | |
5836 | particularly useful for making use of the automatic | |
5837 | reconstruction of /var (see above), by passing --tmpfs=/var. | |
5838 | ||
5839 | * Access modes specified in tmpfiles snippets may now be | |
5840 | prefixed with "~", which indicates that they shall be masked | |
daa05349 | 5841 | by whether the existing file or directory is currently |
8d0e0ddd | 5842 | writable, readable or executable at all. Also, if specified, |
04e91da2 LP |
5843 | the sgid/suid/sticky bits will be masked for all |
5844 | non-directories. | |
5845 | ||
5846 | * A new passive target unit "network-pre.target" has been | |
5847 | added which is useful for services that shall run before any | |
5848 | network is configured, for example firewall scripts. | |
5849 | ||
4c0d13bd LP |
5850 | * The "floppy" group that previously owned the /dev/fd* |
5851 | devices is no longer used. The "disk" group is now used | |
5852 | instead. Distributions should probably deprecate usage of | |
5853 | this group. | |
5854 | ||
dc1d6c02 LP |
5855 | Contributions from: Camilo Aguilar, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian |
5856 | King, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, David | |
5857 | Strauss, Denis Tikhomirov, John, Jonathan Liu, Kay Sievers, | |
5858 | Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mark Eichin, Ronny | |
5859 | Chevalier, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
5860 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew | |
5861 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
5862 | ||
ccddd104 | 5863 | — Berlin, 2014-06-11 |
dc1d6c02 | 5864 | |
6936cd89 LP |
5865 | CHANGES WITH 213: |
5866 | ||
5867 | * A new "systemd-timesyncd" daemon has been added for | |
69beda1f | 5868 | synchronizing the system clock across the network. It |
6936cd89 | 5869 | implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP |
8d0e0ddd | 5870 | implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server, |
6936cd89 | 5871 | this only implements a client side, and does not bother with |
c9679c65 LP |
5872 | the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from |
5873 | one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to | |
6936cd89 | 5874 | it. Unless you intend to serve NTP to networked clients or |
8d0e0ddd | 5875 | want to connect to local hardware clocks, this simple NTP |
6936cd89 LP |
5876 | client should be more than appropriate for most |
5877 | installations. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and | |
5878 | has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when | |
5879 | network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the | |
5880 | current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been | |
5881 | acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock | |
69beda1f | 5882 | early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that |
6936cd89 | 5883 | lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, |
8d0e0ddd | 5884 | and to make sure that time monotonically progresses on these |
c9679c65 | 5885 | systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of |
8d0e0ddd | 5886 | this daemon, a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" |
c9679c65 | 5887 | needs to be created on installation of systemd. |
6936cd89 | 5888 | |
69beda1f KS |
5889 | * The queue "seqnum" interface of libudev has been disabled, as |
5890 | it was generally incompatible with device namespacing as | |
6936cd89 LP |
5891 | sequence numbers of devices go "missing" if the devices are |
5892 | part of a different namespace. | |
5893 | ||
5894 | * "systemctl list-timers" and "systemctl list-sockets" gained | |
5895 | a --recursive switch for showing units of these types also | |
499b604b ZJS |
5896 | for all local containers, similar in style to the already |
5897 | supported --recursive switch for "systemctl list-units". | |
6936cd89 LP |
5898 | |
5899 | * A new RebootArgument= setting has been added for service | |
5900 | units, which may be used to specify a kernel reboot argument | |
499b604b | 5901 | to use when triggering reboots with StartLimitAction=. |
6936cd89 LP |
5902 | |
5903 | * A new FailureAction= setting has been added for service | |
5904 | units which may be used to specify an operation to trigger | |
499b604b | 5905 | when a service fails. This works similarly to |
8d0e0ddd | 5906 | StartLimitAction=, but unlike it, controls what is done |
6936cd89 LP |
5907 | immediately rather than only after several attempts to |
5908 | restart the service in question. | |
5909 | ||
5910 | * hostnamed got updated to also expose the kernel name, | |
499b604b ZJS |
5911 | release, and version on the bus. This is useful for |
5912 | executing commands like hostnamectl with the -H switch. | |
5913 | systemd-analyze makes use of this to properly display | |
5914 | details when running non-locally. | |
6936cd89 LP |
5915 | |
5916 | * The bootchart tool can now show cgroup information in the | |
5917 | graphs it generates. | |
5918 | ||
5919 | * The CFS CPU quota cgroup attribute is now exposed for | |
5920 | services. The new CPUQuota= switch has been added for this | |
5921 | which takes a percentage value. Setting this will have the | |
5922 | result that a service may never get more CPU time than the | |
5923 | specified percentage, even if the machine is otherwise idle. | |
5924 | ||
5925 | * systemd-networkd learned IPIP and SIT tunnel support. | |
5926 | ||
5927 | * LSB init scripts exposing a dependency on $network will now | |
5928 | get a dependency on network-online.target rather than simply | |
5929 | network.target. This should bring LSB handling closer to | |
5930 | what it was on SysV systems. | |
5931 | ||
5932 | * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control | |
5933 | how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot. | |
5934 | ||
5935 | * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently | |
5936 | ignore sections whose name begins with "X-". This may be | |
5937 | used to maintain application-specific extension sections in unit | |
5938 | files. | |
5939 | ||
5940 | * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of | |
5941 | registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated | |
5942 | to show these addresses in its output. | |
5943 | ||
5944 | * A new call sd_uid_get_display() has been added to the | |
5945 | sd-login APIs for querying the "primary" session of a | |
5946 | user. The "primary" session of the user is elected from the | |
5947 | user's sessions and generally a graphical session is | |
5948 | preferred over a text one. | |
5949 | ||
5950 | * A minimal systemd-resolved daemon has been added. It | |
5951 | currently simply acts as a companion to systemd-networkd and | |
5952 | manages resolv.conf based on per-interface DNS | |
5953 | configuration, possibly supplied via DHCP. In the long run | |
5954 | we hope to extend this into a local DNSSEC enabled DNS and | |
5955 | mDNS cache. | |
5956 | ||
68dd0956 TG |
5957 | * The systemd-networkd-wait-online tool is now enabled by |
5958 | default. It will delay network-online.target until a network | |
5959 | connection has been configured. The tool primarily integrates | |
5960 | with networkd, but will also make a best effort to make sense | |
5961 | of network configuration performed in some other way. | |
5962 | ||
6936cd89 | 5963 | * Two new service options StartupCPUShares= and |
499b604b | 5964 | StartupBlockIOWeight= have been added that work similarly to |
6936cd89 | 5965 | CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= however only apply during |
69beda1f | 5966 | system startup. This is useful to prioritize certain services |
6936cd89 LP |
5967 | differently during bootup than during normal runtime. |
5968 | ||
8e7acf67 LP |
5969 | * hostnamed has been changed to prefer the statically |
5970 | configured hostname in /etc/hostname (unless set to | |
5971 | 'localhost' or empty) over any dynamic one supplied by | |
8d0e0ddd | 5972 | dhcp. With this change, the rules for picking the hostname |
8e7acf67 LP |
5973 | match more closely the rules of other configuration settings |
5974 | where the local administrator's configuration in /etc always | |
5975 | overrides any other settings. | |
5976 | ||
5977 | Contributions fron: Ali H. Caliskan, Alison Chaiken, Bas van | |
6936cd89 LP |
5978 | den Berg, Brandon Philips, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, |
5979 | Dan Kilman, Dave Reisner, David Härdeman, David Herrmann, | |
5980 | David Strauss, Dimitris Spingos, Djalal Harouni, Eelco | |
5981 | Dolstra, Evan Nemerson, Florian Albrechtskirchinger, Greg | |
5982 | Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan | |
5983 | Engelhardt, Jani Nikula, Jason St. John, Jeffrey Clark, | |
5984 | Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas | |
5985 | Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8e7acf67 LP |
5986 | Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael |
5987 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Nis | |
5988 | Martensen, Patrik Flykt, Philip Lorenz, poma, Ray Strode, | |
5989 | Reyad Attiyat, Robert Milasan, Scott Thrasher, Stef Walter, | |
5990 | Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas Bächler, | |
5991 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar | |
5992 | Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Will Woods, Zbigniew | |
6936cd89 LP |
5993 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek |
5994 | ||
ccddd104 | 5995 | — Beijing, 2014-05-28 |
6936cd89 | 5996 | |
51c61cda LP |
5997 | CHANGES WITH 212: |
5998 | ||
5999 | * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from | |
6000 | the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available | |
6001 | range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This | |
6002 | should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a | |
6003 | black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum | |
6004 | by accident. | |
6005 | ||
6006 | * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to | |
6007 | determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine | |
6008 | registered with machined. | |
6009 | ||
6010 | * sd-login gained new calls | |
6011 | sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), | |
6012 | to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX | |
499b604b | 6013 | connection. They operate similarly to their sd_pid_get_xyz() |
51c61cda LP |
6014 | counterparts. |
6015 | ||
6016 | * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine | |
6017 | with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", | |
6018 | "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system | |
6019 | startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed | |
6020 | service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This | |
6021 | state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit | |
6022 | name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in | |
6023 | particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at | |
6024 | once. | |
6025 | ||
6026 | * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" | |
6027 | that lists all local OS containers and shows their system | |
6028 | state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. | |
6029 | ||
6030 | * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate | |
6031 | units on all local containers, when used with the | |
6032 | "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is | |
6033 | executed when no parameters are specified). | |
6034 | ||
6035 | * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour | |
6036 | two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to | |
6037 | cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set | |
6038 | on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. | |
6039 | ||
6040 | * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root | |
70a44afe | 6041 | partition discovery, for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM. This is not |
51c61cda LP |
6042 | particularly useful for discovering the root directory on |
6043 | these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is | |
6044 | not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of | |
6045 | ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. | |
6046 | ||
6047 | * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's | |
6048 | --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the | |
6049 | machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations | |
6050 | of the container. | |
6051 | ||
6052 | * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned | |
6053 | by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that | |
6054 | users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC | |
6055 | resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message | |
6056 | queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message | |
b8bde116 JE |
6057 | queues. Traditionally, SysV and POSIX IPC had no life-cycle |
6058 | limits. With this functionality, that is corrected. This may | |
6059 | be turned off by using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. | |
51c61cda LP |
6060 | |
6061 | * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a | |
6062 | --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, | |
6063 | instead of /. | |
6064 | ||
6065 | * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all | |
6066 | logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all | |
6067 | emergency messages now. | |
6068 | ||
6069 | * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream | |
6070 | journal log messages across the network. | |
6071 | ||
6072 | * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup | |
6073 | controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the | |
6074 | directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a | |
6075 | security measure and is particularly useful because glibc | |
6076 | actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can | |
6077 | find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available | |
6078 | (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). | |
6079 | ||
6080 | * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power | |
6081 | down a local OS container. | |
6082 | ||
6083 | * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the | |
6084 | CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and | |
6085 | imply DevicePolicy=closed. | |
6086 | ||
6087 | * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used | |
6088 | comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where | |
6089 | this is appropriate. | |
6090 | ||
6091 | * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount | |
b8bde116 | 6092 | namespace. To mount directories from udev rules, make sure to |
51c61cda LP |
6093 | pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. |
6094 | ||
6095 | * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into | |
6096 | the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" | |
6097 | connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication | |
6098 | for debugging purposes. | |
6099 | ||
6100 | * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX | |
6101 | epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value | |
6102 | in seconds. | |
6103 | ||
6104 | * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap | |
6105 | is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious | |
6106 | shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls | |
6107 | exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please | |
6108 | consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, | |
6109 | like on traditional inetd. | |
6110 | ||
6111 | * A new system.conf configuration option | |
6112 | DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the | |
6113 | default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. | |
6114 | ||
b8bde116 | 6115 | * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
6116 | timers configured this way will cause the system to resume |
6117 | from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most | |
6118 | do these days). | |
6119 | ||
b8bde116 | 6120 | * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled, |
51c61cda LP |
6121 | timers configured this way will save to disk when they have |
6122 | been last triggered. This information is then used on next | |
6123 | reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that | |
d28315e4 JE |
6124 | could not take place because the system was powered off. |
6125 | This enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. | |
51c61cda LP |
6126 | |
6127 | * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a | |
6128 | timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time | |
6129 | it will be triggered. | |
6130 | ||
6131 | * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL | |
6132 | addresses to its local interfaces. | |
6133 | ||
6134 | Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, | |
6135 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg | |
6136 | Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh | |
6137 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine | |
6138 | Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, | |
6139 | Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, | |
6140 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, | |
6141 | Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew | |
6142 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6143 | ||
ccddd104 | 6144 | — Berlin, 2014-03-25 |
51c61cda | 6145 | |
699b6b34 LP |
6146 | CHANGES WITH 211: |
6147 | ||
6148 | * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been | |
6149 | added to restrict which socket address families unit | |
6150 | processes gain access to. This takes address family names | |
6151 | like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the | |
6152 | attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This | |
6153 | is built on seccomp system call filters. | |
6154 | ||
6155 | * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and | |
6156 | RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to | |
6157 | manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is | |
6158 | an alternative for setting up directory permissions with | |
6159 | tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime | |
6160 | directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that | |
6161 | the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This | |
6162 | is particularly useful when writing services that drop | |
f1721625 | 6163 | privileges using the User= or Group= setting. |
699b6b34 LP |
6164 | |
6165 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for | |
6166 | matching against device group names. | |
6167 | ||
6168 | * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new | |
6169 | settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, | |
6170 | DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting | |
6171 | for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These | |
22e7062d | 6172 | settings may still be overridden individually in each unit |
699b6b34 LP |
6173 | though. |
6174 | ||
6175 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and | |
6176 | root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It | |
6177 | also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in | |
b8bde116 | 6178 | place, automatic discovery of partitions to mount following |
699b6b34 | 6179 | the Discoverable Partitions Specification |
56cadcb6 | 6180 | (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) |
699b6b34 LP |
6181 | is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without |
6182 | /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on | |
b8bde116 | 6183 | systems prepared appropriately. |
699b6b34 LP |
6184 | |
6185 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows | |
6186 | booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block | |
6187 | device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
6188 | (see above). This means that installations made with | |
6189 | appropriately updated installers may now be started and | |
6190 | deployed using container managers, completely | |
6191 | unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for | |
6192 | this feature soon, too.) | |
6193 | ||
6194 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to | |
6195 | set up a private macvlan interface for the | |
499b604b | 6196 | container. Similarly, systemd-networkd gained a new |
699b6b34 LP |
6197 | Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. |
6198 | ||
6199 | * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses | |
6200 | using IPv4LL. | |
6201 | ||
6202 | * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to | |
6203 | synchronously wait for network connectivity using | |
6204 | systemd-networkd. | |
6205 | ||
6206 | * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for | |
6207 | tracking the life-cycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is | |
6208 | still not a public API though (unless you specify | |
6209 | --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however | |
6210 | voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). | |
6211 | ||
6212 | * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are | |
6213 | now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of | |
6214 | introducing separate pools for each user, with individual | |
4ef6e535 | 6215 | size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients |
699b6b34 LP |
6216 | can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by |
6217 | filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting | |
6218 | RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows | |
6219 | controlling the default size limit for all users. It | |
6220 | defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no | |
6221 | replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel | |
6222 | still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still | |
4ef6e535 | 6223 | shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged |
699b6b34 LP |
6224 | users. |
6225 | ||
6226 | * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending | |
6227 | on laptop lid close when more than one display is | |
6228 | connected. This was previously expected to be implemented | |
6229 | individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), | |
6230 | however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a | |
6231 | boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have | |
6232 | been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor | |
6233 | lock at the time where logind already suspends the system | |
6234 | due to a closed lid. | |
6235 | ||
6236 | * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system | |
6237 | suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before | |
6238 | suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This | |
6239 | should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to | |
4ef6e535 | 6240 | be probed and configured after system resume and boot in |
699b6b34 LP |
6241 | order to then act as suspend blocker. |
6242 | ||
6243 | * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows | |
6244 | initialization of resource control properties (and others) | |
6245 | for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run | |
6246 | --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run | |
6247 | updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. | |
6248 | ||
6249 | * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches | |
6250 | now also work in --scope mode. | |
6251 | ||
6252 | * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support | |
6253 | for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling | |
6254 | kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility | |
6255 | promises are made.) | |
6256 | ||
6257 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin | |
6258 | K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
6259 | Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay | |
6260 | Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
6261 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, | |
6262 | Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef | |
6263 | Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas | |
6264 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom | |
6265 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, | |
6266 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6267 | ||
ccddd104 | 6268 | — Berlin, 2014-03-12 |
699b6b34 | 6269 | |
43c71255 LP |
6270 | CHANGES WITH 210: |
6271 | ||
6272 | * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy | |
6273 | according to SMACK rules. | |
6274 | ||
67dd87c5 | 6275 | * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to |
43c71255 LP |
6276 | set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. |
6277 | ||
6278 | * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added | |
6279 | to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as | |
6280 | reported by uname()'s "machine" field. | |
6281 | ||
6282 | * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system | |
6283 | virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, host name | |
6284 | and machine ID. | |
6285 | ||
ed28905e | 6286 | * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the |
43c71255 | 6287 | machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only |
b8bde116 | 6288 | on the lid close action, it will continuously watch the lid |
43c71255 LP |
6289 | status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the |
6290 | power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can | |
ed28905e | 6291 | be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo |
b8bde116 | 6292 | Yoga). On those machines, logind will now immediately |
ed28905e | 6293 | re-suspend the machine if the power button has been |
43c71255 LP |
6294 | accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a |
6295 | backpack or similar. | |
6296 | ||
6297 | * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction | |
6298 | to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind | |
d27893ef | 6299 | will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed |
949138cc | 6300 | and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK |
43c71255 LP |
6301 | notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking |
6302 | stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this | |
6303 | logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop | |
6304 | Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an | |
6305 | external display is connected, as systemd will not watch | |
6306 | this on its own. | |
6307 | ||
6308 | * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by | |
6309 | default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual | |
6310 | API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as | |
6311 | access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. | |
6312 | ||
6313 | * We will now ship a default .network file for | |
6314 | systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for | |
6315 | network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or | |
6316 | --network-bridge= switches. | |
6317 | ||
6318 | * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes | |
6319 | according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when | |
6320 | referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay | |
6321 | with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software | |
6322 | metrics, according to what is customary according to | |
6323 | Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for | |
6324 | each configuration option. | |
6325 | ||
6326 | * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax | |
ed28905e | 6327 | to whitelist an entire group of devices node majors at once, |
43c71255 | 6328 | based on the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the |
b8bde116 | 6329 | string "char-pts", it is now possible to whitelist all |
43c71255 LP |
6330 | current and future pseudo-TTYs at once. |
6331 | ||
6332 | * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of | |
6333 | this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event | |
6334 | source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for | |
6335 | implementing clean-up and check event sources that are | |
6336 | triggered by other work being done in the program. | |
6337 | ||
6338 | * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses | |
6339 | the usual [Install] sections so that it can be | |
6340 | enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by | |
6341 | default however. | |
6342 | ||
b8bde116 | 6343 | * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn, the |
43c71255 LP |
6344 | host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if |
6345 | --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth | |
b8bde116 | 6346 | is used. This way, it is easy to distinguish these cases on |
43c71255 LP |
6347 | the host, for example to apply different configuration to |
6348 | them with systemd-networkd. | |
6349 | ||
d27893ef LP |
6350 | * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, |
6351 | libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and | |
6352 | libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC | |
b8bde116 | 6353 | anymore. Instead, we now build libsystemd.so multiple times |
d27893ef LP |
6354 | under these alternative names. This means that the footprint |
6355 | is drastically increased, but given that these are | |
b8bde116 | 6356 | transitional compatibility libraries, this should not matter |
d27893ef LP |
6357 | much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM |
6358 | platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM | |
d28315e4 | 6359 | toolchain is not really at the same level as the toolchain |
ed28905e | 6360 | for other architectures like x86 and does not support |
d27893ef LP |
6361 | IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only |
6362 | during a transitional period! | |
6363 | ||
f26ad321 ZJS |
6364 | * The .include syntax has been deprecated and is not documented |
6365 | anymore. Drop-in files in .d directories should be used instead. | |
6366 | ||
13b28d82 | 6367 | Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, |
43c71255 LP |
6368 | Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, |
6369 | Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper | |
6370 | St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, | |
6371 | Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
6372 | Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
6373 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
6374 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6375 | ||
ccddd104 | 6376 | — Berlin, 2014-02-24 |
43c71255 | 6377 | |
e49b5aad LP |
6378 | CHANGES WITH 209: |
6379 | ||
6380 | * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can | |
6381 | be used to configure local network interfaces statically or | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6382 | via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and |
6383 | bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network | |
4670e9d5 | 6384 | configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6385 | container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, |
6386 | yet powerful, network configuration solution. This | |
4670e9d5 | 6387 | configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard |
1e190502 | 6388 | hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single |
4670e9d5 | 6389 | configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet |
1e190502 ZJS |
6390 | interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, |
6391 | or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6392 | |
6393 | * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can | |
4c2413bf | 6394 | act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is |
e49b5aad LP |
6395 | useful for adding socket activation support to services that |
6396 | do not actually support socket activation, including virtual | |
4c2413bf | 6397 | machines and the like. |
e49b5aad LP |
6398 | |
6399 | * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on | |
6400 | shutdown/boot. | |
6401 | ||
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6402 | * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to |
6403 | display backlights on shutdown/boot. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6404 | |
6405 | * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device | |
6406 | nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For | |
4c2413bf | 6407 | now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is |
e49b5aad LP |
6408 | prepared for additional security frameworks. |
6409 | ||
6410 | * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes | |
6411 | from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can | |
8b7d0494 | 6412 | match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, |
4c2413bf | 6413 | and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, |
8b7d0494 | 6414 | MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC |
e49b5aad LP |
6415 | address assignment policy (randomized, ...). |
6416 | ||
dfb08b05 ZJS |
6417 | * The configuration of network interface naming rules for |
6418 | "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= | |
6419 | setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the | |
a8eaaee7 | 6420 | priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, MAC, |
dfb08b05 ZJS |
6421 | path). The default value of this setting is determined by |
6422 | /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old | |
6423 | 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been | |
6424 | removed, so local configuration overriding this file should | |
ce830873 | 6425 | be adapted to override 99-default.link instead. |
dfb08b05 | 6426 | |
e49b5aad | 6427 | * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also |
4c2413bf | 6428 | initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. |
e49b5aad LP |
6429 | |
6430 | * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is | |
6431 | now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library | |
6432 | implementation. | |
6433 | ||
6434 | * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is | |
4c2413bf | 6435 | enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and |
e49b5aad LP |
6436 | enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that |
6437 | encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little | |
6438 | bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new | |
6439 | generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service | |
6440 | activation files automatically into native systemd .busname | |
6441 | and .service units. | |
6442 | ||
6443 | * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows | |
6444 | defining objects on the bus with a simple static const | |
6445 | vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. | |
6446 | ||
8b7d0494 | 6447 | * systemd will not generate or install static dbus |
e49b5aad | 6448 | introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, |
1e190502 | 6449 | as the precise format of these files is unclear, and |
e49b5aad LP |
6450 | nothing makes use of it. |
6451 | ||
6452 | * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting | |
6453 | via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full | |
6454 | compatibility with classic D-Bus. | |
6455 | ||
6456 | * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the | |
6457 | classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for | |
6458 | compatibility purposes. | |
6459 | ||
6460 | * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a | |
6461 | minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a | |
6462 | couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: | |
b9761003 | 6463 | prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer |
e49b5aad LP |
6464 | events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide |
6465 | coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog | |
6466 | supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child | |
6467 | process handling. | |
6468 | ||
6469 | * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API | |
6470 | around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in | |
6471 | style to "sd-bus.h". | |
6472 | ||
7e95eda5 PF |
6473 | * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a |
6474 | small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by | |
e49b5aad LP |
6475 | "systemd-networkd". |
6476 | ||
4c2413bf | 6477 | * There is a new kernel command line option |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6478 | "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the |
6479 | systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware | |
6480 | devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states | |
6481 | are not restored. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6482 | |
6483 | * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units | |
6484 | has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the | |
6485 | necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require | |
6486 | PID1's support for that anymore. | |
6487 | ||
8b7d0494 | 6488 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists |
e49b5aad LP |
6489 | recent boots with their times and boot IDs. |
6490 | ||
6491 | * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, | |
6492 | busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to | |
6493 | connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct | |
6494 | connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any | |
6495 | container that is registered with machined, such as those | |
6496 | created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. | |
6497 | ||
6498 | * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" | |
4c2413bf | 6499 | to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6500 | useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs |
6501 | onto remote systems. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6502 | |
6503 | * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty | |
6504 | login in any local container. This works with any container | |
6505 | that is registered with machined (such as those created by | |
8e420494 | 6506 | libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. |
e49b5aad LP |
6507 | |
6508 | * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to | |
6509 | trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered | |
6510 | with machined. This works on any container that runs an init | |
6511 | system of some kind. | |
6512 | ||
6513 | * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice | |
6514 | listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse | |
6515 | next. | |
6516 | ||
6517 | * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the | |
6518 | "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the | |
6519 | reboot() system call. | |
6520 | ||
6521 | * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the | |
6522 | mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of | |
8b7d0494 | 6523 | --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are |
e49b5aad LP |
6524 | still available but not advertised anymore. |
6525 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
6526 | * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure |
6527 | various default timeouts of units, as well as the default | |
b9761003 | 6528 | start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden |
e49b5aad LP |
6529 | within each Unit. |
6530 | ||
270f1624 LP |
6531 | * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security |
6532 | policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to | |
8e420494 | 6533 | the kernel). |
e49b5aad | 6534 | |
4670e9d5 | 6535 | * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include |
1e190502 ZJS |
6536 | timestamps (following the setting in |
6537 | /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). | |
e49b5aad LP |
6538 | |
6539 | * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special | |
6540 | strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) | |
6541 | ||
6542 | * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new | |
6543 | AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. | |
6544 | ||
6545 | * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that | |
6546 | allows running two services within the same /tmp and network | |
6547 | namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. | |
6548 | ||
6549 | * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs | |
6550 | the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the | |
1e190502 ZJS |
6551 | contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that |
6552 | the full configuration is shown. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6553 | |
6554 | * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" | |
6555 | commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on | |
1e190502 ZJS |
6556 | those commands which take multiple unit names. |
6557 | ||
6558 | * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6559 | |
6560 | * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so | |
6561 | that systemd automatically notices when they hang. | |
6562 | ||
4c2413bf | 6563 | * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, |
e49b5aad LP |
6564 | getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each |
6565 | listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request | |
6566 | login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. | |
6567 | ||
6568 | * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when | |
6569 | used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are | |
6570 | not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user | |
6571 | instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. | |
6572 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
6573 | * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output |
6574 | of the legend text. | |
6575 | ||
6576 | * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: | |
6577 | sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), | |
6578 | sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about | |
6579 | remote sessions. | |
6580 | ||
8e420494 LP |
6581 | * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product |
6582 | information of SDIO devices. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6583 | |
6584 | * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to | |
6585 | determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by | |
6586 | the system manager. | |
6587 | ||
1e190502 | 6588 | * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a |
e49b5aad LP |
6589 | short description of the connection parameters in the |
6590 | description. | |
6591 | ||
4c2413bf | 6592 | * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, |
e49b5aad | 6593 | only lines where the command character is not suffixed with |
4670e9d5 | 6594 | "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those |
1e190502 ZJS |
6595 | options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles |
6596 | directives into those that can be safely executed at any | |
6597 | time, and those which should be run only at boot (for | |
6598 | example, a line that creates /run/nologin). | |
e49b5aad | 6599 | |
c0c5af00 | 6600 | * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple |
4c2413bf | 6601 | asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution |
e49b5aad | 6602 | calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's |
4c2413bf JE |
6603 | getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most |
6604 | other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does | |
6605 | not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate | |
e49b5aad | 6606 | host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, |
8b7d0494 | 6607 | LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been |
e49b5aad LP |
6608 | cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. |
6609 | ||
6300b3ec LP |
6610 | * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", |
6611 | "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries | |
6612 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, | |
6613 | libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6614 | merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which |
6615 | provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic | |
e49b5aad | 6616 | dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's |
d28315e4 | 6617 | symbols. So far, we have managed to workaround that by linking |
6300b3ec LP |
6618 | a copy of a good part of our code into each of these |
6619 | libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain | |
6620 | things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it | |
6621 | substantially increases footprint. With this change, there | |
6622 | is only one library for the basic APIs systemd | |
6623 | provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", | |
6624 | "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this | |
6625 | library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus | |
6626 | switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part | |
6627 | of this library (this is because it only consumes, never | |
6628 | provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition | |
8b7d0494 | 6629 | easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we |
4c2413bf | 6630 | provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which |
e49b5aad LP |
6631 | will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the |
6632 | old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. | |
6633 | ||
8b7d0494 | 6634 | * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", |
e49b5aad | 6635 | "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6636 | and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the |
6637 | "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by | |
6638 | default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable | |
4c2413bf | 6639 | the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the |
e49b5aad LP |
6640 | userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We |
6641 | want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for | |
4c2413bf | 6642 | now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge |
e49b5aad | 6643 | that you are aware of the instability of the current |
ad42cf73 KS |
6644 | APIs. |
6645 | ||
6646 | * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, | |
e49b5aad | 6647 | it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you |
8b7d0494 | 6648 | can build a fully working system with all features; however, |
4c2413bf JE |
6649 | it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in |
6650 | one of the next releases, at the same time that we will | |
6651 | declare the APIs stable. | |
e49b5aad | 6652 | |
81c7dd89 | 6653 | * When the kernel command line argument "kdbus" is specified, |
ad42cf73 | 6654 | systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At |
8b7d0494 | 6655 | this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus |
ad42cf73 | 6656 | and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" |
8b7d0494 | 6657 | is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and |
ad42cf73 KS |
6658 | "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system |
6659 | runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned | |
6660 | problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future | |
6661 | version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with | |
6662 | each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only | |
6663 | one of them is updated. | |
6664 | ||
e49b5aad | 6665 | * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which |
4c2413bf | 6666 | uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the |
e49b5aad LP |
6667 | service manager so that it is inherited by services started |
6668 | by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like | |
6669 | $DISPLAY into the user service manager. | |
6670 | ||
6671 | * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units | |
6672 | which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev | |
6673 | directory that does not contain any device nodes for | |
4c2413bf | 6674 | physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices |
8b7d0494 | 6675 | such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API |
e49b5aad LP |
6676 | entry points. |
6677 | ||
6678 | * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT | |
6679 | switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes | |
6680 | multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat | |
6681 | (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has | |
8b7d0494 | 6682 | been disabled at compile-time. |
e49b5aad LP |
6683 | |
6684 | * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown | |
1e190502 | 6685 | and fails to release it in time, we will now log its |
e49b5aad LP |
6686 | identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that |
6687 | cause slow suspends or power-offs. | |
6688 | ||
1e190502 ZJS |
6689 | * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= |
6690 | option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating | |
6691 | which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. | |
e49b5aad | 6692 | |
000b1ba5 | 6693 | * The sd_journal_sendv() API call has been checked and |
1e190502 ZJS |
6694 | officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may |
6695 | be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6696 | |
6697 | * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a | |
6698 | short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give | |
8e420494 | 6699 | the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. |
1e190502 ZJS |
6700 | |
6701 | * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time | |
6702 | remains until jobs expire. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6703 | |
6704 | * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible | |
8b7d0494 | 6705 | value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the |
e49b5aad | 6706 | initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon |
8e420494 | 6707 | process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to |
e49b5aad LP |
6708 | all remaining processes of the service. |
6709 | ||
4c2413bf JE |
6710 | * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" |
6711 | may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a | |
e49b5aad LP |
6712 | RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut |
6713 | down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into | |
6714 | the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now | |
8b7d0494 | 6715 | be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the |
e49b5aad LP |
6716 | manager process which created them takes no further |
6717 | responsibilities for it. | |
6718 | ||
1e190502 | 6719 | * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify |
e49b5aad LP |
6720 | the access mode of these files, and warn about certain |
6721 | suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it | |
6722 | easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are | |
6723 | marked executable or world-writable. | |
6724 | ||
6725 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set | |
8b7d0494 | 6726 | container-wide environment variables. The similar option in |
1e190502 ZJS |
6727 | systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to |
6728 | "--setenv=" for consistency. | |
e49b5aad LP |
6729 | |
6730 | * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain | |
6731 | for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each | |
b9761003 | 6732 | container to have its own set of system and user buses, |
8b7d0494 | 6733 | independent of the host. |
e49b5aad LP |
6734 | |
6735 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run | |
6736 | the container with less capabilities than the default. Both | |
b9761003 | 6737 | --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special |
e49b5aad LP |
6738 | string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. |
6739 | ||
6740 | * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers | |
6741 | with specific SELinux labels set. | |
6742 | ||
6743 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate | |
6744 | any additional output but the container's own console | |
6745 | output. | |
6746 | ||
6747 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a | |
6748 | container without PID namespacing enabled. | |
6749 | ||
6750 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control | |
1e190502 | 6751 | whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or |
8e420494 | 6752 | not. This is useful for containers that do not run full |
e49b5aad LP |
6753 | OS images, but only specific apps. |
6754 | ||
6755 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used | |
8b7d0494 | 6756 | when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and |
e49b5aad | 6757 | results in registration of the unit service itself in |
1e190502 | 6758 | systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. |
e49b5aad LP |
6759 | |
6760 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for | |
6761 | moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new | |
4c2413bf | 6762 | --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6763 | between host and container. The new --network-bridge= |
6764 | switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual | |
6765 | Ethernet connection to a bridge device. | |
e49b5aad | 6766 | |
6afc95b7 LP |
6767 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for |
6768 | setting the kernel personality for the container. This is | |
70a44afe | 6769 | useful when running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. A |
b8bde116 JE |
6770 | similar option Personality= is now also available for service |
6771 | units to use. | |
6afc95b7 | 6772 | |
e49b5aad LP |
6773 | * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each |
6774 | session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is | |
6775 | useful for desktop environments that want to identify | |
6776 | multiple running sessions of itself easily. | |
6777 | ||
6778 | * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been | |
6779 | added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution | |
6780 | context for a service. | |
6781 | ||
6782 | * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for | |
6783 | settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will | |
8b7d0494 JSJ |
6784 | override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as |
6785 | jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to | |
e49b5aad LP |
6786 | influence this logic. |
6787 | ||
6788 | * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of | |
6789 | the libseccomp library instead of using its own | |
6790 | implementation. This has benefits for portability among | |
6791 | other things. | |
6792 | ||
4c2413bf | 6793 | * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new |
8b7d0494 | 6794 | SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that |
b8bde116 JE |
6795 | allows configuration of a system error number to be returned |
6796 | on filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the | |
e49b5aad LP |
6797 | process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to |
6798 | limit access to system calls of a particular architecture | |
6799 | (in order to turn off support for unused secondary | |
4c2413bf | 6800 | architectures). There is also a global |
8b7d0494 | 6801 | SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn |
e49b5aad LP |
6802 | off support for non-native system calls system-wide. |
6803 | ||
210054d7 KS |
6804 | * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), |
6805 | please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. | |
6806 | ||
e49b5aad LP |
6807 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, |
6808 | Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, | |
6809 | Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
6810 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J | |
6811 | Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, | |
6812 | David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, | |
6813 | Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo | |
6814 | Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor | |
6815 | Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
6816 | Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose | |
6817 | Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, | |
6818 | Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
6819 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
6820 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de | |
6821 | Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
6822 | Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, | |
6823 | Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, | |
6824 | Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien | |
6825 | Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, | |
6826 | Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, | |
6827 | Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
6828 | Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav | |
6829 | Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang | |
6830 | Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6831 | ||
ccddd104 | 6832 | — Berlin, 2014-02-20 |
e49b5aad | 6833 | |
cd4010b3 LP |
6834 | CHANGES WITH 208: |
6835 | ||
6836 | * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input | |
6837 | and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is | |
6838 | useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar | |
6839 | programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and | |
6840 | access input and drm devices which are normally | |
6841 | protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) | |
6842 | logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to | |
6843 | Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it | |
6844 | if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure | |
6845 | session switching without allowing background sessions to | |
6846 | eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces | |
6847 | session switching support if VT support is turned off in the | |
6848 | kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. | |
6849 | ||
6850 | * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood | |
06b643e7 | 6851 | now which allows specifying LUKS options for usage for LUKS |
cd4010b3 LP |
6852 | encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. |
6853 | ||
6854 | * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in | |
6855 | path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now | |
6856 | replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and | |
6857 | kernel version number. | |
6858 | ||
6859 | * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which | |
6860 | may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file | |
d28315e4 | 6861 | or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it does not. |
cd4010b3 LP |
6862 | |
6863 | * This release removes high-level support for the | |
6864 | MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel | |
6865 | cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly | |
6866 | designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its | |
d28315e4 | 6867 | current form, hence we should not expose it for now. |
cd4010b3 LP |
6868 | |
6869 | * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for | |
6870 | all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup | |
6871 | hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in | |
cc98b302 TH |
6872 | default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchical mode |
6873 | never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchical | |
cd4010b3 LP |
6874 | cgroup system. |
6875 | ||
6876 | * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal | |
6877 | messages containing the slice a message was generated | |
6878 | from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of | |
6879 | logs among other things. | |
6880 | ||
6881 | * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal | |
6882 | files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we | |
6883 | rely on the journal directory to be owned by the | |
6884 | "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the | |
6885 | kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that | |
6886 | journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for | |
6887 | this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from | |
6888 | journald which would be necessary to resolve | |
6889 | "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might | |
6890 | create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to | |
6891 | other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are | |
6892 | logging clients of journald and might block on it, which | |
6893 | would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in | |
6894 | systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are | |
6895 | properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every | |
6896 | boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after | |
6897 | upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is | |
6898 | not delayed until next reboot. | |
6899 | ||
6900 | * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into | |
6901 | the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all | |
6902 | systemd generated files in one directory. | |
6903 | ||
6904 | * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by | |
6905 | "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT | |
6906 | performance information if that's available to determine how | |
6907 | much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With | |
6908 | a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot | |
6909 | with Gummiboot to get access to such information. | |
6910 | ||
6911 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, | |
6912 | Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David | |
6913 | Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao | |
6914 | feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
6915 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, | |
6916 | Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, | |
6917 | Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
6918 | ||
ccddd104 | 6919 | — Berlin, 2013-10-02 |
cd4010b3 | 6920 | |
4f0be680 LP |
6921 | CHANGES WITH 207: |
6922 | ||
6923 | * The Restart= option for services now understands a new | |
f3a165b0 | 6924 | on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service |
4f0be680 LP |
6925 | automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep |
6926 | alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=). | |
6927 | ||
6928 | * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a | |
6929 | getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only | |
6930 | start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all | |
6931 | others, too. This makes the order in which console= is | |
6932 | specified on the kernel command line less important. | |
6933 | ||
6934 | * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to | |
6935 | retrieve the VT number of a session. | |
6936 | ||
6937 | * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab | |
6938 | its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any | |
6939 | maximum number of tries. | |
6940 | ||
6941 | * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID | |
6942 | file will now be removed automatically if it still exists | |
6943 | afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files. | |
6944 | ||
6945 | * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names | |
6946 | for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths. | |
6947 | ||
6948 | * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take | |
6949 | paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that | |
d28315e4 | 6950 | it should not be considered a failure if they do not exist. |
4f0be680 | 6951 | |
f3a165b0 KS |
6952 | * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new |
6953 | output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but | |
4f0be680 LP |
6954 | shows timestamps with usec accuracy. |
6955 | ||
6956 | * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now | |
6957 | synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, | |
387abf80 | 6958 | "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember |
4f0be680 LP |
6959 | and type). |
6960 | ||
f3a165b0 | 6961 | * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now |
4f0be680 LP |
6962 | LGPL-2.1 licensed than before. |
6963 | ||
6964 | * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight | |
6965 | brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the | |
f3a165b0 | 6966 | backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and |
4f0be680 LP |
6967 | restore it as early as possible during reboot. |
6968 | ||
6969 | * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap | |
6970 | partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place | |
6971 | /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can | |
6972 | discover certain partitions located on the root disk | |
6973 | automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their | |
6974 | GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap | |
6975 | partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID | |
6976 | 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f. | |
6977 | ||
6978 | * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel | |
6979 | or initrd to system services. If you want to set an | |
6980 | environment for all services, do so via the kernel command | |
6981 | line systemd.setenv= assignment. | |
6982 | ||
387abf80 LP |
6983 | * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file |
6984 | /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked | |
6985 | from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing | |
6986 | legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it | |
6987 | also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the | |
6988 | different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a | |
6989 | pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) | |
04bf3c1a | 6990 | |
4f0be680 LP |
6991 | * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands |
6992 | have been moved to systemd-analyze. | |
6993 | ||
6994 | * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch, | |
6995 | which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up | |
6996 | automatically after the process terminated. | |
6997 | ||
6998 | * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude | |
6999 | certain paths from operation. | |
7000 | ||
7001 | * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk | |
f47ad593 ZJS |
7002 | as soon as a message at the log level CRIT, ALERT or EMERG |
7003 | is received. | |
4f0be680 LP |
7004 | |
7005 | Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian | |
7006 | Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal, | |
7007 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George | |
7008 | McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, | |
7009 | Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, | |
7010 | Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering, | |
7011 | Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
7012 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, | |
7013 | Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
7014 | Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn | |
7015 | Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
7016 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao, | |
7017 | William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7018 | ||
ccddd104 | 7019 | — Berlin, 2013-09-13 |
4f0be680 | 7020 | |
408f281b LP |
7021 | CHANGES WITH 206: |
7022 | ||
7023 | * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new | |
7024 | concepts introduced with 205. | |
7025 | ||
7026 | * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which | |
7027 | resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname | |
7028 | -r". | |
7029 | ||
7030 | * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by | |
7031 | load state, active state and sub state, using the new | |
33b521be | 7032 | --state= parameter. |
408f281b LP |
7033 | |
7034 | * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the | |
7035 | condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of | |
7036 | the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to | |
7037 | the journal. | |
7038 | ||
7039 | * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a | |
7040 | specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot, | |
7041 | but the syntax is substantially more powerful. | |
7042 | ||
7043 | * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the | |
7044 | cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used | |
7045 | with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue | |
7046 | browsing logs from that point on. | |
7047 | ||
7048 | * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration | |
7049 | of an FSS key. | |
7050 | ||
251cc819 LP |
7051 | * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev |
7052 | into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod | |
7053 | databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta | |
7054 | information contained in kernel modules, so that these would | |
7055 | be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this | |
d28315e4 | 7056 | does not really have much to do with the exposing actual |
251cc819 LP |
7057 | kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly |
7058 | alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod | |
7059 | will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the | |
7060 | module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the | |
7061 | create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and | |
7062 | other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles | |
7063 | facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the | |
7064 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely. | |
7065 | ||
7066 | * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead" | |
7067 | devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to | |
ce830873 | 7068 | devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer without loading the |
251cc819 | 7069 | backing module right-away. |
408f281b LP |
7070 | |
7071 | * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply | |
7072 | tmpfiles configuration during package installation. | |
7073 | ||
7074 | * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can | |
7075 | detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML). | |
7076 | ||
251cc819 LP |
7077 | * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities |
7078 | set of processes in the message metadata. | |
408f281b LP |
7079 | |
7080 | * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes. | |
7081 | ||
7082 | * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically, | |
7083 | support for passing performance data via environment | |
7084 | variables and fsck results via files in /run has been | |
7085 | removed). These features were non-essential, and are | |
7086 | nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in | |
7087 | the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd | |
7088 | deserialize it again. | |
7089 | ||
28f5c779 KS |
7090 | * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard |
7091 | specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release | |
7092 | scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev | |
7093 | "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file. | |
408f281b | 7094 | |
251cc819 LP |
7095 | * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line |
7096 | argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a | |
7097 | completely silent shutdown when used. | |
7098 | ||
7099 | * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
7100 | option in .socket units. | |
7101 | ||
7102 | * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template | |
7103 | subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly | |
7104 | configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now | |
7105 | implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than | |
7106 | system.slice as before. | |
7107 | ||
7108 | * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time. | |
7109 | ||
7110 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald | |
7111 | Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan | |
7112 | Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
7113 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael | |
7114 | Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden, | |
7115 | Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William | |
7116 | Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7117 | ||
ccddd104 | 7118 | — Berlin, 2013-07-23 |
4f0be680 | 7119 | |
00aa832b LP |
7120 | CHANGES WITH 205: |
7121 | ||
7122 | * Two new unit types have been introduced: | |
7123 | ||
7124 | Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are | |
ccddd104 | 7125 | created out of pre-existing processes — instead of PID 1 |
00aa832b LP |
7126 | forking off the processes. By using scope units it is |
7127 | possible for system services and applications to group their | |
7128 | own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way | |
7129 | which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them | |
7130 | together, or apply resource limits on them. | |
7131 | ||
7132 | Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an | |
cc98b302 | 7133 | hierarchical fashion and then assign other units to them. By |
00aa832b LP |
7134 | default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all |
7135 | system services), user.slice (for all user sessions), | |
7136 | machine.slice (for VMs and containers). | |
7137 | ||
7138 | Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in | |
7139 | context of the work to move cgroup handling to a | |
7140 | single-writer scheme, where only PID 1 | |
7141 | creates/removes/manages cgroups. | |
7142 | ||
7143 | * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to | |
7144 | normal units these units are created via an API at runtime, | |
7145 | not from configuration from disk. More specifically this | |
7146 | means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as | |
7147 | independent services, with all execution parameters passed | |
7148 | in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units | |
7149 | make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was, | |
7150 | and useful as a general batch manager. | |
7151 | ||
7152 | * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units | |
7153 | for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get | |
7154 | his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added | |
7155 | as scope units. We also added support for automatically | |
7156 | adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the | |
7157 | slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup | |
7158 | hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1 | |
7159 | for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since | |
7160 | user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1 | |
7161 | the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive. | |
7162 | ||
7163 | * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which | |
7164 | may be used by virtualization managers to register local | |
7165 | VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and | |
7166 | libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit | |
7167 | of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign | |
7168 | them their own scope unit (see above). The collected | |
7169 | meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool, | |
7170 | and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl | |
7171 | is compile-time optional. | |
7172 | ||
7173 | * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration | |
7174 | options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=, | |
7175 | ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been | |
7176 | removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as | |
7177 | well as slice units. | |
7178 | ||
7179 | * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter | |
7180 | various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily | |
7181 | useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way, | |
7182 | but will be extended later on to make more properties | |
7183 | modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties | |
7184 | command that wraps this call. | |
7185 | ||
7186 | * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to | |
7187 | run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes, | |
7188 | while configuring a number of settings via the command | |
7189 | line. This tool is currently very basic, however already | |
7190 | very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow | |
7191 | queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the | |
7192 | command line, similar in fashion to "at". | |
7193 | ||
7194 | * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with | |
7195 | audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn | |
7196 | off audit. | |
7197 | ||
7198 | * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security | |
7199 | frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added. | |
7200 | ||
7201 | * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel | |
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
7202 | messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user" |
7203 | and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs | |
7204 | and system logs. | |
00aa832b LP |
7205 | |
7206 | * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in | |
7207 | snippets extending unit files. | |
7208 | ||
7209 | * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still | |
7210 | not available as public API. | |
7211 | ||
7212 | * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel | |
499b604b | 7213 | command line and enable debug logging, similar to what |
00aa832b LP |
7214 | "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before. |
7215 | ||
7216 | * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been | |
7217 | added to configure the default.target symlink, which | |
7218 | controls what to boot into by default. | |
7219 | ||
1fda0ab5 ZJS |
7220 | * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient |
7221 | way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold. | |
7222 | ||
00aa832b LP |
7223 | * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various |
7224 | generators needed for execution, as well as information | |
7225 | about the unit file loading. | |
7226 | ||
00aa832b LP |
7227 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call |
7228 | for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a | |
7229 | new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we | |
7230 | only supported opening all files from a directory, or all | |
7231 | files from the system, as opening individual files only is | |
7232 | racy due to journal file rotation. | |
7233 | ||
7234 | * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in | |
7235 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for | |
7236 | all services. | |
7237 | ||
7238 | * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the | |
7239 | OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically | |
7240 | augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=, | |
7241 | OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, ... fields. This is useful if | |
7242 | system services want to log events about specific client | |
7243 | processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use | |
7244 | of this information if all log messages regarding a specific | |
7245 | unit is requested. | |
7246 | ||
7247 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters, | |
7248 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave | |
7249 | Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco | |
7250 | Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander | |
7251 | Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan | |
7252 | Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
7253 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer, | |
7254 | Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer, | |
7255 | Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan, | |
7256 | Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern, | |
7257 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
7258 | Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
7259 | Łukasz Stelmach, 장동준 | |
7260 | ||
606c24e3 LP |
7261 | CHANGES WITH 204: |
7262 | ||
7263 | * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs | |
7264 | exposed by libsystemd-logind. | |
7265 | ||
7266 | * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since | |
7267 | this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only | |
7268 | miss IMA for this. Patches welcome! | |
7269 | ||
7270 | Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering, | |
7271 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7272 | ||
2f3fcf85 LP |
7273 | CHANGES WITH 203: |
7274 | ||
7275 | * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if | |
7276 | necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it. | |
7277 | ||
7278 | * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a | |
7279 | container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute | |
7280 | fields, including the root directory. | |
7281 | ||
7282 | * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All | |
7283 | objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup | |
b82eed9a | 7284 | tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are |
2f3fcf85 LP |
7285 | now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in |
7286 | cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in | |
7287 | cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup | |
7288 | names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision | |
7289 | of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work | |
7290 | is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the | |
7291 | cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of | |
7292 | these objects without causing naming conflicts. | |
7293 | ||
7294 | * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches | |
7295 | --plain, --reverse, --after and --before. | |
7296 | ||
7297 | * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that | |
7298 | have taken an inhibitor lock. | |
7299 | ||
7300 | * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost" | |
7301 | implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and | |
7302 | nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and | |
7303 | the local hostname. | |
7304 | ||
7305 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call | |
7306 | sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and | |
7307 | VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and | |
7308 | nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch | |
7309 | VMs/containers coming and going. | |
7310 | ||
7311 | * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in | |
7312 | unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in | |
7313 | .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198. | |
7314 | ||
7315 | * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that | |
7316 | determines the slowest chain of units run during system | |
7317 | boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where | |
7318 | optimizing boot time is the most beneficial. | |
7319 | ||
7320 | * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in | |
7321 | the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in | |
7322 | units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.) | |
7323 | ||
7324 | * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may | |
7325 | be used to easily run nspawn containers as system | |
7326 | services. With the container's root directory in | |
7327 | /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run | |
7328 | "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it. | |
7329 | ||
7330 | * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only | |
7331 | the processes within a certain container. | |
7332 | ||
7333 | * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still | |
7334 | are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition | |
7335 | check though. Patches welcome! | |
7336 | ||
7337 | * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been | |
7338 | added that may be used to configure which kernel operation | |
7339 | systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate" | |
7340 | or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel | |
7341 | "freeze" state accessible to the user. | |
7342 | ||
7343 | * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape | |
7344 | the passed argument if applicable. | |
7345 | ||
7346 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
7347 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
7348 | Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh | |
7349 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
7350 | MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel | |
7351 | Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom | |
7352 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
7353 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7354 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
7355 | CHANGES WITH 202: |
7356 | ||
7357 | * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The | |
7358 | '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new | |
7359 | command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows | |
7360 | a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the | |
7361 | socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket | |
7362 | units activate. | |
7363 | ||
7364 | * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial | |
7365 | updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental) | |
7366 | kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange | |
7367 | messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not | |
7368 | ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case | |
7369 | for now, and not installable. | |
7370 | ||
7371 | * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service' | |
7372 | that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and | |
7373 | can run in conjunction with udev. | |
7374 | ||
7375 | * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit() | |
7376 | to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running | |
7377 | in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as | |
7378 | session manager. | |
7379 | ||
7380 | * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine | |
7381 | top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd | |
7382 | hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a | |
7383 | uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system | |
7384 | services, user processes and containers/virtual | |
7385 | machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick | |
7386 | stable names to specific container instances, which can be | |
7c04ad2d | 7387 | recognized later this way (this name may be controlled |
ef3b5246 LP |
7388 | via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also |
7389 | gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the | |
7390 | name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to. | |
7391 | ||
7392 | * bootchart can now store its data in the journal. | |
7393 | ||
7394 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new call | |
7395 | sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the | |
7396 | matching logic. This can be used to express more complex | |
7397 | logical expressions. | |
7398 | ||
7399 | * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit= | |
7400 | switches. | |
7401 | ||
7402 | * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel | |
7403 | command line switch for specifying a file to read the | |
7c04ad2d | 7404 | decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not |
ef3b5246 LP |
7405 | found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting |
7406 | the user. | |
7407 | ||
cbeabcfb ZJS |
7408 | * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently |
7409 | added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was | |
7410 | changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader | |
7411 | closer to the C API, and the high level interface in | |
7412 | s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about | |
7413 | an entry. | |
7414 | ||
ef3b5246 LP |
7415 | Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer, |
7416 | Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
7417 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer, | |
7418 | Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
7419 | Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks, | |
7420 | Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7421 | ||
d3a86981 LP |
7422 | CHANGES WITH 201: |
7423 | ||
7424 | * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root= | |
7425 | option to operate on catalogs found in a different root | |
7426 | directory. | |
7427 | ||
7428 | * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running | |
7429 | services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over | |
7430 | processes. We will now print the name of these processes | |
7431 | when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a | |
7432 | problem. | |
7433 | ||
7434 | * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on | |
7435 | configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be | |
7436 | generated to ensure the specific mount is established first | |
7437 | before the key file is attempted to be read. | |
7438 | ||
7439 | * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the | |
7440 | network sockets a socket unit is listening on. | |
7441 | ||
7442 | * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any | |
7443 | drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration | |
7444 | files in this context are files such as | |
7445 | /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf) | |
7446 | ||
7447 | * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of | |
7448 | cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between | |
7449 | percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine | |
7450 | which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire | |
7451 | runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated | |
7452 | to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools. | |
7453 | ||
7454 | * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN | |
7455 | hostnames. | |
7456 | ||
7457 | * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been | |
7458 | changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions | |
7459 | such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional | |
7460 | expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s" | |
7461 | rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s | |
7462 | millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms | |
7463 | microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve | |
7464 | all time-related output of systemd. | |
7465 | ||
7466 | * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new | |
7467 | functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll() | |
7468 | timeout value for integration into arbitrary event | |
7469 | loops. | |
7470 | ||
7471 | * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps | |
7472 | (models, layouts, variants, options). | |
7473 | ||
7474 | * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for | |
7475 | specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller, | |
d28315e4 | 7476 | more useful graphs. I.e. it is now possible to create simple |
d3a86981 LP |
7477 | graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or |
7478 | of all units that Avahi has dependencies with. | |
7479 | ||
7480 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck, | |
7481 | Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly | |
7482 | Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau, | |
7483 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal | |
7484 | Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, | |
7485 | Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav | |
7486 | Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach | |
7487 | ||
9ca3c17f LP |
7488 | CHANGES WITH 200: |
7489 | ||
7490 | * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media | |
7491 | will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which | |
7492 | consist of all read requests made in equidistant time | |
7493 | intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead | |
7494 | data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a | |
7495 | middle ground between physical and access time order. | |
7496 | ||
7497 | * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage | |
7498 | on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS | |
7499 | images. | |
7500 | ||
7501 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, | |
7502 | Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín | |
7503 | William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7504 | ||
35911459 LP |
7505 | CHANGES WITH 199: |
7506 | ||
7507 | * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon. | |
7508 | ||
7509 | * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO | |
7510 | security policy. | |
7511 | ||
7512 | * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
7513 | ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has | |
7514 | changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now | |
7515 | shared by all processes of a service (which means | |
7516 | ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of | |
7517 | the same service can still access). When a service is | |
7518 | stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted | |
a87197f5 | 7519 | (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to |
35911459 LP |
7520 | this though). |
7521 | ||
7522 | * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl | |
7523 | variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned | |
7524 | on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing | |
7525 | disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink | |
7526 | protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should | |
7527 | be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems. | |
7528 | ||
7529 | * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off | |
a87197f5 | 7530 | with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0. |
35911459 LP |
7531 | |
7532 | * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a | |
7533 | pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see: | |
7534 | ||
56cadcb6 | 7535 | https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html |
35911459 | 7536 | |
c20d8298 | 7537 | * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk |
a87197f5 ZJS |
7538 | at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also |
7539 | be marked offline until the next write. This should increase | |
7540 | reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay | |
7541 | can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf. | |
35911459 LP |
7542 | |
7543 | * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used | |
7544 | to pull in specific services when at least one remote file | |
7545 | system is to be mounted. | |
7546 | ||
7547 | * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as | |
7548 | canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in | |
7549 | from. This complements sockets.target with a similar | |
7550 | purpose for socket units. | |
7551 | ||
6a7d3d68 LP |
7552 | * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value() |
7553 | to set sysfs attributes of a device. | |
7554 | ||
a87197f5 ZJS |
7555 | * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker |
7556 | processes executed in parallel based on the number of available | |
c20d8298 | 7557 | CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed |
ab06eef8 | 7558 | to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive |
ce830873 | 7559 | parallelism for setups with 1000s of devices connected. |
c20d8298 | 7560 | |
35911459 LP |
7561 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian |
7562 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes | |
7563 | Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
7564 | Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
7565 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl, | |
7566 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen, | |
7567 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
7568 | Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
7569 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7570 | ||
85d68397 LP |
7571 | CHANGES WITH 198: |
7572 | ||
7573 | * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in | |
7574 | files without having to edit/override the unit files | |
7575 | themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to | |
7576 | change one value for a service file foobar.service he can | |
7577 | now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into | |
ad88e758 | 7578 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic |
85d68397 LP |
7579 | will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the |
7580 | main unit configuration file, possibly extending or | |
7581 | overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is | |
40e21da8 KS |
7582 | generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing |
7583 | unit files locally: copying the files from | |
85d68397 LP |
7584 | /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing |
7585 | them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/ | |
7586 | that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in | |
7587 | snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any | |
fd868975 | 7588 | directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual |
85d68397 LP |
7589 | overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply |
7590 | for them too. | |
7591 | ||
7592 | * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be | |
6aa8d43a | 7593 | reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example, |
85d68397 LP |
7594 | normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new |
7595 | environment variable assignment to the environment block, | |
7596 | each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty | |
7597 | string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is | |
7598 | particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets | |
156f7d09 KS |
7599 | mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list |
7600 | settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins. | |
85d68397 LP |
7601 | |
7602 | * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for | |
7603 | listing the dependencies of a unit recursively. | |
7604 | ||
40e21da8 | 7605 | * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl |
85d68397 LP |
7606 | suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only |
7607 | GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by | |
7608 | other users. | |
7609 | ||
7610 | * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group | |
7611 | controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime | |
7612 | for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command | |
7613 | like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares | |
7614 | 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These | |
6aa8d43a | 7615 | settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the |
85d68397 LP |
7616 | administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of |
7617 | services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource | |
6aa8d43a | 7618 | management logic is also available to other programs via the |
85d68397 LP |
7619 | bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is |
7620 | supported. | |
7621 | ||
7622 | * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to | |
6aa8d43a LP |
7623 | all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to |
7624 | the foreground VT. | |
85d68397 LP |
7625 | |
7626 | * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API | |
7627 | call. | |
7628 | ||
6aa8d43a LP |
7629 | * This release drops support for a few legacy or |
7630 | distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init | |
7631 | scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent, | |
85d68397 LP |
7632 | $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp, |
7633 | $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing | |
7634 | this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain | |
6aa8d43a LP |
7635 | compatibility with this should carry the burden for |
7636 | supporting this themselves and patch support for these back | |
7637 | in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and | |
7638 | $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support | |
7639 | early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities | |
7640 | are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has | |
7641 | also been removed. | |
85d68397 | 7642 | |
40e21da8 | 7643 | * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for |
6aa8d43a | 7644 | cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously, |
85d68397 LP |
7645 | both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot |
7646 | objects themselves. | |
7647 | ||
7648 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support. | |
7649 | ||
7650 | * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf | |
7651 | now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as | |
499b604b | 7652 | last character in the line, similarly in style (but different) |
85d68397 LP |
7653 | to how this is supported in shells. |
7654 | ||
7655 | * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is | |
7656 | now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl | |
7657 | has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a | |
7658 | user systemd instance. | |
7659 | ||
7660 | * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and | |
7661 | CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for | |
7662 | the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified | |
7663 | Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires | |
7664 | audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in | |
7665 | kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in | |
7666 | context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out | |
7667 | of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed | |
7668 | one day for good in the kernel. | |
7669 | ||
7670 | * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to | |
7671 | bind mount specific directories from the host into the | |
7672 | container. | |
7673 | ||
40e21da8 | 7674 | * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance |
6aa8d43a | 7675 | into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from |
85d68397 LP |
7676 | the host into the container. |
7677 | ||
7678 | * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance | |
6aa8d43a LP |
7679 | information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader |
7680 | supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance | |
7681 | analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported | |
7682 | only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported | |
7683 | by other boot loaders too. For details see: | |
85d68397 | 7684 | |
56cadcb6 | 7685 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface |
85d68397 LP |
7686 | |
7687 | * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the | |
7688 | EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory | |
6aa8d43a LP |
7689 | exists, is empty, and no other file system has been |
7690 | configured to be mounted there. | |
85d68397 LP |
7691 | |
7692 | * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out | |
7693 | unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be | |
7694 | used by applications as asynchronous notification for | |
7695 | system resume events. | |
7696 | ||
7697 | * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows | |
7698 | unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar | |
499b604b | 7699 | to how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users |
40e21da8 | 7700 | sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions(). |
85d68397 LP |
7701 | |
7702 | * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a | |
7703 | seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for | |
7704 | the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics | |
7705 | card). | |
7706 | ||
7707 | * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows | |
7708 | configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that | |
7709 | shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging"). | |
7710 | ||
bf933560 KS |
7711 | * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only |
7712 | at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a | |
7713 | later "change" event. | |
85d68397 LP |
7714 | |
7715 | * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses | |
7716 | now carry a message ID. | |
7717 | ||
7718 | * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this | |
7719 | continues to be work in progress. | |
7720 | ||
7721 | * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the | |
7722 | root directory to operate relative to. | |
7723 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
7724 | * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel |
7725 | early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early | |
85d68397 LP |
7726 | instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown |
7727 | times a little. | |
7728 | ||
7729 | * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for | |
7730 | certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview | |
7731 | and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon | |
7732 | like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by | |
7733 | graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and | |
7734 | request boot into firmware operations. | |
7735 | ||
7736 | * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match | |
7737 | the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work | |
7738 | correctly in initrds. | |
7739 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
7740 | * polkit previously has been runtime optional, and is now also |
7741 | compile time optional via a configure switch. | |
85d68397 LP |
7742 | |
7743 | * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl | |
7744 | dot" has moved into systemd-analyze. | |
7745 | ||
7746 | * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print | |
7747 | the status of all active or failed units. | |
7748 | ||
7749 | * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed | |
7750 | with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue | |
7751 | operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later | |
6aa8d43a | 7752 | job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown |
85d68397 LP |
7753 | requests more robust. |
7754 | ||
7755 | * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for | |
7756 | reading journal files. | |
7757 | ||
7758 | * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install | |
7759 | kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification: | |
7760 | ||
56cadcb6 | 7761 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec |
85d68397 LP |
7762 | |
7763 | * Boot time console output has been improved to provide | |
6aa8d43a | 7764 | animated boot time output for hanging jobs. |
85d68397 LP |
7765 | |
7766 | * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used | |
7767 | to test socket activation with, directly from the command | |
7768 | line. This should make it much easier to test and debug | |
7769 | socket activation in daemons. | |
7770 | ||
7771 | * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show | |
7772 | journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first). | |
7773 | ||
43447fb7 LP |
7774 | * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump |
7775 | to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the | |
7776 | pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less". | |
7777 | ||
85d68397 | 7778 | * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works |
499b604b | 7779 | similarly to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than |
85d68397 LP |
7780 | system units. |
7781 | ||
7782 | * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in | |
7783 | initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from | |
7784 | the various initrd implementations into systemd proper. | |
7785 | ||
7786 | * The journal files are now owned by a new group | |
7787 | "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access | |
7788 | to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the | |
6aa8d43a | 7789 | "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more |
85d68397 LP |
7790 | than just journal/log file access. This new group is now |
7791 | already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this | |
7792 | daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else | |
7793 | as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs | |
7794 | up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read | |
7795 | access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns | |
7796 | the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also | |
6aa8d43a | 7797 | add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and |
85d68397 LP |
7798 | all existing/future journal files. To normal users and |
7799 | administrators little changes, however packagers need to | |
7800 | ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at | |
7801 | package installation time. | |
7802 | ||
7803 | * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user | |
7804 | systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging | |
7805 | scripts need to create these system user/group at | |
7806 | installation time. | |
7807 | ||
7808 | * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that | |
7809 | indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not. | |
7810 | ||
7811 | * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs | |
7812 | ||
40e21da8 KS |
7813 | * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is |
7814 | available. | |
85d68397 | 7815 | |
1aed4590 LP |
7816 | * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also |
7817 | load SMACK policies at early boot. | |
7818 | ||
85d68397 LP |
7819 | Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke |
7820 | Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch, | |
7821 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss, | |
7822 | Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer, | |
7823 | Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
7824 | Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin | |
7825 | Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
7826 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil, | |
7827 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor | |
7828 | Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob | |
7829 | Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven | |
7830 | Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
7831 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew | |
7832 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak) | |
7833 | ||
8ad26859 LP |
7834 | CHANGES WITH 197: |
7835 | ||
7836 | * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to | |
7837 | monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit | |
7838 | based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri | |
7839 | 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first | |
7840 | or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is | |
7841 | a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support | |
7842 | considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on | |
7843 | the supported calendar time specification language see | |
7844 | systemd.time(7). | |
7845 | ||
7846 | * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for | |
7847 | network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination | |
7848 | of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki | |
7849 | document for details: | |
7850 | ||
56cadcb6 | 7851 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames |
8ad26859 LP |
7852 | |
7853 | * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the | |
d28315e4 JE |
7854 | systemd tree. It is an optional component that can graph the |
7855 | boot in quite some detail. It is one of the best bootchart | |
8ad26859 LP |
7856 | implementations around and minimal in its code and |
7857 | dependencies. | |
7858 | ||
7859 | * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source | |
7860 | tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname | |
7861 | always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak | |
7862 | requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and | |
7863 | since its code is actually trivial we decided to just | |
7864 | include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off | |
7865 | with a configure switch. | |
7866 | ||
7867 | * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting | |
7868 | whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in | |
7869 | order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was | |
7870 | only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems | |
7871 | such as ext4. | |
7872 | ||
7873 | * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the | |
7874 | IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company | |
7875 | identities are attached to the devices as well. | |
7876 | ||
7877 | * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is | |
7878 | replaced by the configured user name of the service. | |
7879 | ||
7880 | * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This | |
7881 | makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This | |
7882 | may be used to set up a simple containerized server system | |
7883 | using only core OS tools. | |
7884 | ||
7885 | * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors | |
7886 | when they are started for socket activation. This enables | |
7887 | implementation of socket activated nspawn | |
7888 | containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image | |
7889 | when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect | |
7890 | that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc | |
7891 | eventually. | |
7892 | ||
7893 | * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when | |
7894 | presenting log data. | |
7895 | ||
7896 | * systemctl will no longer show control group information for | |
ce830873 | 7897 | a unit if the control group is empty anyway. |
8ad26859 LP |
7898 | |
7899 | * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the | |
7900 | system on idle. | |
7901 | ||
7902 | * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis | |
7903 | type of the system. This can be used to determine whether | |
7904 | the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or | |
7905 | tablet. This information may either be configured by the | |
7906 | user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI | |
7907 | information if possible. | |
7908 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
7909 | * A number of polkit actions are now bound together with "imply" |
7910 | rules. This should simplify creating UIs because many actions | |
7911 | will now authenticate similar ones as well. | |
8ad26859 LP |
7912 | |
7913 | * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which | |
7914 | may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an | |
7915 | AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system | |
7916 | is running on battery power. | |
7917 | ||
7918 | * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in | |
7919 | shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit | |
7920 | is in the "failed" state. | |
7921 | ||
7922 | * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file | |
7923 | globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of | |
7924 | environment files at once. | |
7925 | ||
7926 | * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific | |
7927 | distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been | |
7928 | removed, systemd is now fully generic and | |
7929 | distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as | |
7930 | a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure | |
7931 | switches. However, support for some distribution specific | |
7932 | legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We | |
7933 | recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration | |
7934 | files everybody else uses now and convert the old | |
7935 | configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions | |
7936 | already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, | |
7937 | distributions are welcome to forward port the specific | |
7938 | pieces of code locally from the git history. | |
7939 | ||
7940 | * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always | |
7941 | log the unit name in the message meta data. | |
7942 | ||
7943 | * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is | |
7944 | not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked. | |
7945 | ||
7946 | * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer | |
7947 | devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required | |
7948 | to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, | |
7949 | it will now look for all devices that are tagged as | |
b938cb90 JE |
7950 | "seat-master" in udev. By default, framebuffer devices will |
7951 | be marked as such, but depending on local systems, other | |
8ad26859 LP |
7952 | devices might be marked as well. This may be used to |
7953 | integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such | |
7954 | as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that | |
7955 | we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, | |
7956 | and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be | |
7957 | shipped from us upstream. | |
7958 | ||
7959 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke | |
7960 | Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David | |
7961 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra, | |
7962 | Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik | |
7963 | Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
7964 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
7965 | Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry, | |
7966 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg | |
7967 | Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar | |
7968 | Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn | |
7969 | Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch, | |
7970 | Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew | |
7971 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
7972 | ||
0428ddb7 LP |
7973 | CHANGES WITH 196: |
7974 | ||
7975 | * udev gained support for loading additional device properties | |
7976 | from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs | |
7977 | and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this | |
7978 | "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and | |
7979 | USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In | |
7980 | the longer run this indexed database shall grow into | |
7981 | becoming the one central database for non-essential | |
7982 | userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB | |
96ec33c0 | 7983 | database was only attached to select devices, since the |
0428ddb7 | 7984 | lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time |
96ec33c0 LP |
7985 | complexity (with n being the number of entries in the |
7986 | database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this | |
7987 | data for all devices where this is available, by | |
0428ddb7 LP |
7988 | default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt |
7989 | when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need | |
7990 | to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb | |
7991 | --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For | |
7992 | RPM-based distributions we introduced the new | |
7993 | %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose. | |
7994 | ||
7995 | * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an | |
7996 | indexed database to link up additional information with | |
7997 | journal entries. For further details please check: | |
7998 | ||
56cadcb6 | 7999 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog |
0428ddb7 LP |
8000 | |
8001 | The indexed message catalog database also needs to be | |
8002 | rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use | |
8003 | "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based | |
8004 | distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update | |
8005 | macro for this purpose. | |
8006 | ||
8007 | * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard | |
8008 | Python logging framework. | |
8009 | ||
8010 | * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether | |
8011 | the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of | |
8012 | properly reporting file change notifications, or whether | |
8013 | applications that want to reflect journal changes "live" | |
ab06eef8 | 8014 | need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate |
0428ddb7 LP |
8015 | time intervals. |
8016 | ||
8017 | * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles | |
8018 | entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry | |
8019 | shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up. | |
8020 | ||
8021 | * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb | |
8022 | right-away on the selected coredump. | |
8023 | ||
8024 | * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that | |
8025 | support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use | |
8026 | "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this. | |
8027 | ||
8028 | * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings) | |
8029 | now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply | |
8030 | request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of | |
8031 | actually executing a suspend or hibernation. | |
8032 | ||
8033 | * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by | |
8034 | default. | |
8035 | ||
8036 | * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the | |
8037 | SMACK security label. | |
8038 | ||
8039 | * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next | |
8040 | daylight saving change. | |
8041 | ||
8042 | * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific | |
8043 | concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services | |
8044 | (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S') | |
8045 | or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the | |
8046 | distributions who still need support this to either continue | |
8047 | to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a | |
8048 | different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!) | |
8049 | ||
d35f51ea ZJS |
8050 | * Various systemd components will now bypass polkit checks for |
8051 | root and otherwise handle properly if polkit is not found to | |
8052 | be around. This should fix most issues for polkit-less | |
8053 | systems. Quite frankly this should have been this way since | |
8054 | day one. It is absolutely our intention to make systemd work | |
8055 | fine on polkit-less systems, and we consider it a bug if | |
8056 | something does not work as it should if polkit is not around. | |
0428ddb7 LP |
8057 | |
8058 | * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and | |
8059 | systemd without blkid and/or kmod support. | |
8060 | ||
8061 | * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root | |
8062 | more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the | |
8063 | initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to | |
8064 | further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement | |
8065 | offline updating tools. | |
8066 | ||
8067 | * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros | |
8068 | shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after | |
8069 | installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir, | |
8070 | %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir, | |
8071 | %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right | |
8072 | directories for packages to place various data files in. | |
8073 | ||
8074 | * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to | |
8075 | --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages. | |
8076 | ||
8077 | Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel, | |
8078 | Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
8079 | Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, | |
8080 | Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8081 | Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl, | |
8082 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen, | |
8083 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas | |
8084 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony | |
8085 | Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8086 | ||
139ee8cc LP |
8087 | CHANGES WITH 195: |
8088 | ||
6827101a | 8089 | * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to |
139ee8cc LP |
8090 | filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for |
8091 | units via --unit=/-u. | |
8092 | ||
6827101a | 8093 | * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the |
139ee8cc LP |
8094 | right thing. |
8095 | ||
8096 | * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and | |
8097 | vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based | |
8098 | rotation. | |
8099 | ||
8100 | * The journal will now index the available field values for | |
8101 | each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop | |
8102 | downs of available match values when filtering. The bash | |
8103 | completion of journalctl has been updated | |
8104 | accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all | |
8105 | values a certain field takes in the journal database. | |
8106 | ||
8107 | * More service events are now written as structured messages | |
8108 | to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs. | |
8109 | ||
8110 | * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which | |
8111 | previously only provided support for changing time, locale | |
8112 | and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now | |
8113 | also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client | |
8114 | utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing | |
8115 | these settings from the command line now, especially since | |
8116 | it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash | |
8117 | completion. | |
8118 | ||
8119 | * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and | |
8120 | extract coredumps from the journal. | |
8121 | ||
8122 | * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and | |
8123 | /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init | |
8124 | scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to | |
8125 | that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and | |
8126 | scratch their heads. | |
8127 | ||
8128 | * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the | |
8129 | $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd. | |
8130 | ||
8131 | * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result | |
8132 | in immediate termination of systemd. | |
8133 | ||
8134 | * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a | |
8135 | "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering. | |
8136 | ||
8137 | * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed | |
8138 | information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and | |
8139 | mouse screen support has been added. | |
8140 | ||
8141 | * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON | |
8142 | Server-Sent-Events as output. | |
8143 | ||
1cb88f2c | 8144 | * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now |
139ee8cc LP |
8145 | heuristically determine whether a script supports the |
8146 | "reload" verb, and only then make this available as | |
8147 | "systemctl reload". | |
8148 | ||
15f47220 | 8149 | * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl |
139ee8cc LP |
8150 | -u" instead. |
8151 | ||
8152 | * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings | |
8153 | have been removed since they are hardly useful to be | |
8154 | configured. | |
8155 | ||
8156 | * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention | |
8157 | Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock! | |
8158 | ||
8159 | Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin | |
8160 | Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc | |
4d92e078 LP |
8161 | Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas |
8162 | Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich, | |
8163 | Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas | |
8164 | Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew | |
8165 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич | |
139ee8cc | 8166 | |
f9b55720 LP |
8167 | CHANGES WITH 194: |
8168 | ||
8169 | * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no | |
8170 | longer load any console font or key map at boot by | |
8171 | default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left | |
8172 | intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no | |
8173 | configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding | |
8174 | font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad | |
8175 | idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be | |
8176 | good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to | |
8177 | the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them | |
8178 | with. If distributions want to continue to default to a | |
8179 | non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default | |
8180 | /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents. | |
8181 | ||
8182 | Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave | |
8183 | Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef | |
8184 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8185 | ||
597c52cf LP |
8186 | CHANGES WITH 193: |
8187 | ||
8188 | * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries | |
8189 | starting from the specified location in the journal. | |
8190 | ||
8191 | * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported | |
8192 | with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be | |
8193 | assigned null. This can be turned off with --all. | |
8194 | ||
8195 | * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as | |
8196 | "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides | |
8197 | access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality | |
8198 | will be used to implement live log synchronization in both | |
8199 | pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such | |
8200 | as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right | |
8201 | now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP: | |
8202 | ||
8203 | # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service | |
8204 | # wget http://localhost:19531/entries | |
8205 | ||
8206 | This will download the journal contents in a | |
8207 | /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON: | |
8208 | ||
8209 | # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries | |
8210 | ||
8211 | This service is also accessible via a web browser where a | |
8212 | single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic | |
8213 | to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the | |
8214 | journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example | |
8215 | screenshot of this app in its current state: | |
8216 | ||
8217 | http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd | |
8218 | ||
8219 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert | |
8220 | Milasan, Tom Gundersen | |
8221 | ||
075d4ecb LP |
8222 | CHANGES WITH 192: |
8223 | ||
8224 | * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl | |
8225 | too. | |
8226 | ||
d28315e4 | 8227 | * We do not mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with |
075d4ecb LP |
8228 | "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be |
8229 | started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence | |
61233823 | 8230 | broke code that assumed it could create "cpu" groups and |
075d4ecb LP |
8231 | just start them. |
8232 | ||
8233 | * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes, | |
8234 | and line break accordingly. | |
8235 | ||
597c52cf LP |
8236 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
8237 | Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín | |
075d4ecb | 8238 | |
b6a86739 LP |
8239 | CHANGES WITH 191: |
8240 | ||
8241 | * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the | |
8242 | container environment, copying the host's timezone | |
8243 | setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but | |
8244 | since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been | |
8245 | changed to create/update the appropriate symlink. | |
8246 | ||
8247 | * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and | |
8248 | will default to 10 if omitted. | |
8249 | ||
8250 | * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may | |
8251 | take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default | |
8252 | built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file | |
8253 | system size is used. Use "systemctl status | |
6563b535 | 8254 | systemd-journald.service" to see this information. |
b6a86739 LP |
8255 | |
8256 | * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X | |
8257 | is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a | |
8258 | seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary | |
8259 | anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped | |
8260 | until the upstream display managers have been updated to | |
8261 | fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be | |
6563b535 | 8262 | removed entirely in one of the next releases. |
b6a86739 LP |
8263 | |
8264 | * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into | |
8265 | HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting | |
6563b535 | 8266 | is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are |
45afd519 | 8267 | distinguishing between these keys and we should too. This |
b6a86739 LP |
8268 | also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split |
8269 | into two. | |
8270 | ||
597c52cf LP |
8271 | Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart |
8272 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín | |
b6a86739 | 8273 | |
0c11f949 LP |
8274 | CHANGES WITH 190: |
8275 | ||
d28315e4 | 8276 | * Whenever a unit changes state we will now log this to the |
0c11f949 LP |
8277 | journal and show along the unit's own log output in |
8278 | "systemctl status". | |
8279 | ||
8280 | * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind | |
8281 | mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file | |
8d0256b7 | 8282 | system to another place in the same file system could not be |
0c11f949 LP |
8283 | detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev |
8284 | field.) | |
8285 | ||
8286 | * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct, | |
8287 | cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by | |
8288 | default. | |
8289 | ||
8290 | * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot | |
8291 | ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted | |
8292 | over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This | |
8293 | has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing | |
8294 | in a container. | |
8295 | ||
8296 | * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not | |
8297 | to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one | |
8298 | JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON | |
8299 | parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode | |
8300 | "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but | |
8301 | neatly aligned for readability by humans. | |
8302 | ||
8303 | * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown | |
8304 | code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel | |
8305 | reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility | |
8306 | no-op. | |
8307 | ||
8308 | * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as | |
8309 | supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if | |
8310 | CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also, | |
8311 | nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the | |
8312 | container if the containerized OS asks for that. | |
8313 | ||
8314 | * journalctl will only show local log output by default | |
8315 | now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too. | |
8316 | ||
8317 | * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage() | |
8318 | call to determine the current disk usage of all journal | |
8319 | files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage" | |
8320 | command. | |
8321 | ||
8322 | * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in | |
8323 | journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals | |
8324 | are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details. | |
8325 | ||
8326 | * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added. | |
8327 | ||
8328 | * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write | |
8329 | multiple files at once. | |
8330 | ||
8331 | * We added Python bindings for the journal submission | |
8332 | APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will | |
8333 | likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings | |
8334 | only for the Python language, as we consider it common | |
8335 | enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are | |
8336 | various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings | |
8337 | for languages such as PHP or Lua. | |
8338 | ||
a98d5d64 LP |
8339 | * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In |
8340 | addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units | |
8341 | now support specifiers as well. | |
0c11f949 LP |
8342 | |
8343 | * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset | |
8344 | dir: %_presetdir. | |
8345 | ||
d28315e4 | 8346 | * journald will now warn if it ca not forward a message to the |
dca348bc | 8347 | syslog daemon because its socket is full. |
0c11f949 LP |
8348 | |
8349 | * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone, | |
8350 | except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr | |
8351 | anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe, | |
8352 | and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary | |
8353 | anymore. | |
8354 | ||
aaccc32c | 8355 | * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6 |
0c11f949 LP |
8356 | by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where |
8357 | started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys, | |
8358 | so that no text gettys were available anymore. | |
8359 | ||
8360 | * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic | |
8361 | about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make | |
8362 | simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work. | |
8363 | ||
8364 | * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default | |
8365 | (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel | |
8366 | default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening | |
8367 | sockets. | |
8368 | ||
8369 | * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the | |
8370 | kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone | |
8371 | is changed. | |
8372 | ||
8373 | * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default, | |
8374 | logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep | |
8375 | keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want | |
8376 | to handle these events on their own they should take the new | |
8377 | handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch | |
f131770b | 8378 | inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achieve |
0c11f949 LP |
8379 | that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of: |
8380 | ||
8381 | systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ... | |
8382 | ||
8383 | * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking | |
8384 | the unit file label and client process label into account. | |
8385 | ||
aad803af LP |
8386 | * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal |
8387 | when he over-mounts a non-empty directory. | |
8388 | ||
8389 | * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files, | |
8390 | for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID | |
8391 | (%b). | |
8392 | ||
b6a86739 | 8393 | Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips, |
0c11f949 LP |
8394 | Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, |
8395 | Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
8396 | Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
8397 | Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz, | |
8398 | Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
8399 | Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8400 | ||
38a60d71 LP |
8401 | CHANGES WITH 189: |
8402 | ||
8403 | * Support for reading structured kernel messages from | |
8404 | /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default. | |
8405 | ||
8406 | * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now | |
8407 | been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal | |
8408 | make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports | |
8409 | reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see | |
8410 | above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic | |
8411 | syslog daemons again. | |
8412 | ||
8413 | * The libudev API gained the new | |
8414 | udev_device_new_from_device_id() call. | |
8415 | ||
8416 | * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=, | |
8417 | ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to | |
8418 | require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary | |
8419 | directories are created below /tmp for this feature. | |
8420 | ||
8421 | * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts | |
8422 | made on the host OS below the root file system of the | |
8423 | container. | |
8424 | ||
8425 | * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files, | |
8426 | which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so | |
8427 | that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this | |
8428 | being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about | |
8429 | this explaining it in more detail. | |
8430 | ||
8431 | * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus= | |
8432 | and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit | |
8433 | status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the | |
8434 | restart logic, resp. consider successful. | |
8435 | ||
8436 | * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used | |
8437 | to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and | |
8438 | (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of | |
8439 | journal files. | |
8440 | ||
8441 | * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/ | |
8442 | and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells | |
8443 | as container init process a lot more fun. | |
8444 | ||
8445 | * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL= | |
8446 | entries. | |
8447 | ||
8448 | * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match | |
8449 | against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is | |
8450 | useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to | |
8451 | provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly | |
8452 | different sets of services. | |
8453 | ||
8454 | * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a | |
8455 | failure state. | |
8456 | ||
b6a86739 | 8457 | Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang |
38a60d71 LP |
8458 | Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin |
8459 | Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8460 | ||
c269cec3 LP |
8461 | CHANGES WITH 188: |
8462 | ||
8463 | * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a | |
8464 | subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps | |
8465 | tree a lot more organized. | |
8466 | ||
8467 | * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that | |
8468 | may be used to group services in a natural way. | |
8469 | ||
8470 | * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of | |
8471 | services. | |
8472 | ||
8473 | * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and | |
8474 | warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports | |
8475 | filtering by log level now. | |
8476 | ||
8477 | * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure | |
8478 | the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained | |
8479 | -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input). | |
8480 | ||
ab06eef8 | 8481 | * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl |
c269cec3 LP |
8482 | command lines involving service unit names. |
8483 | ||
8484 | * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as | |
8485 | well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions". | |
8486 | ||
8487 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror() | |
8488 | that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal | |
8489 | and encodes structured information about the error number. | |
8490 | ||
8491 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size= | |
8492 | option. | |
8493 | ||
8494 | * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when | |
8495 | a shutdown is cancelled. | |
8496 | ||
8497 | * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now | |
8498 | default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work | |
8499 | nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from | |
8500 | the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount | |
8501 | --make-rprivate /" if needed. | |
8502 | ||
8503 | * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions | |
8504 | should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep | |
8505 | it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files | |
8506 | for display managers instead. | |
8507 | ||
8508 | * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now | |
8509 | default to a number of compiler switches that improve | |
8510 | security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack | |
8511 | protection, and suchlike. | |
8512 | ||
8513 | * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into | |
8514 | TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration | |
8515 | of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of | |
8516 | the service. | |
8517 | ||
8518 | Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke | |
8519 | Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer, | |
8520 | Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas | |
8521 | Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter | |
8522 | Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom | |
8523 | Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8524 | ||
c4f1b862 LP |
8525 | CHANGES WITH 187: |
8526 | ||
8527 | * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man | |
8528 | pages. | |
8529 | ||
8530 | * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from | |
8531 | the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental | |
8532 | data loss. | |
8533 | ||
c269cec3 | 8534 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset= |
c4f1b862 LP |
8535 | option. |
8536 | ||
8537 | * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state. | |
8538 | ||
8539 | * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to | |
8540 | make writing synchronous journal clients easier. | |
8541 | ||
8542 | * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a | |
8543 | specific directory. | |
8544 | ||
8545 | * journalctl now displays a special marker between log | |
8546 | messages of two different boots. | |
8547 | ||
8548 | * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service | |
8549 | systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply | |
8550 | by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable. | |
8551 | ||
8552 | * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much | |
8553 | more complex expressions, with alternatives and | |
8554 | disjunctions. | |
8555 | ||
8556 | * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main | |
8557 | system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to | |
8558 | ensure no processes stay around by accident. | |
8559 | ||
8560 | * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s | |
8561 | resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user | |
8562 | shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances. | |
8563 | ||
8564 | * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data | |
8565 | object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the | |
8566 | hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This | |
8567 | together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus | |
8568 | speed things up a bit. | |
8569 | ||
8570 | * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect | |
8571 | header data of journal files. | |
8572 | ||
8573 | * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services | |
8574 | which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to | |
8575 | system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5. | |
8576 | ||
8577 | * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j) | |
8578 | to link the container journal with the host. This makes it | |
8579 | very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all | |
8580 | guests while still keeping the journal files separated. | |
8581 | ||
8582 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
8583 | ||
8584 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay | |
8585 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex | |
8586 | Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
8587 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
8588 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
8589 | CHANGES WITH 186: |
8590 | ||
8591 | * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments, | |
8592 | which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They | |
8593 | usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are | |
8594 | prefixed with rd. | |
8595 | ||
8596 | * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are | |
8597 | automatically generated at boot. Use: | |
8598 | ||
8599 | /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead | |
8600 | ||
8601 | * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use: | |
8602 | ||
d1f9edaf | 8603 | systemctl enable debug-shell.service |
b5b4c94a LP |
8604 | |
8605 | * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth | |
8606 | package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version | |
8607 | as well. | |
8608 | ||
8609 | * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of | |
8610 | a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it | |
8611 | in all appropriate directories automatically. | |
8612 | ||
8613 | * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and | |
8614 | does the right thing. Example: | |
8615 | ||
8616 | udevadm info /dev/sda | |
8617 | udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda | |
8618 | ||
8619 | * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a | |
8620 | unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a | |
8621 | service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left | |
8622 | running. | |
8623 | ||
8624 | * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was | |
8625 | shortened due to rotation since a service has been started. | |
8626 | ||
8627 | * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the | |
8628 | "cutoff" times due to rotation. | |
8629 | ||
8630 | * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering | |
8631 | immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible, | |
8632 | resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal | |
8633 | files. | |
8634 | ||
8635 | * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to | |
8636 | be stopped that is not loaded. | |
8637 | ||
8638 | * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames. | |
8639 | ||
8640 | * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3 | |
8641 | ||
8642 | * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging | |
8643 | where the first level dirs are always kept around but | |
8644 | directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled | |
8645 | by prefixing the age field with '~'. | |
8646 | ||
8647 | * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties | |
8648 | which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the | |
8649 | display manager might be running before the graphics drivers | |
8650 | completed initialization. | |
8651 | ||
8652 | * Seat objects now expose a State property. | |
8653 | ||
8654 | * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling | |
8655 | based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based | |
8656 | distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This | |
8657 | makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across | |
8658 | distributions. | |
8659 | ||
8660 | * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is | |
8661 | always valid when services log to the journal via | |
8662 | STDOUT/STDERR. | |
8663 | ||
8664 | * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all | |
8665 | command line options we understand. | |
8666 | ||
8667 | * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing | |
8668 | fstab=0 on the kernel command line. | |
8669 | ||
91ac7425 | 8670 | * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood |
b5b4c94a LP |
8671 | to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot. |
8672 | ||
8673 | * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now | |
8674 | automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or | |
8675 | device paths are specified they are automatically turned | |
8676 | into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example: | |
8677 | ||
8678 | systemctl status /home | |
8679 | systemctl status /dev/sda | |
8680 | ||
8681 | * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from | |
8682 | system.conf parsing. | |
8683 | ||
8684 | * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus | |
8685 | Manager object. | |
8686 | ||
ce830873 | 8687 | * The Names= option has been removed from unit file parsing. |
b5b4c94a LP |
8688 | |
8689 | * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process. | |
8690 | ||
8691 | * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now | |
8692 | comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is | |
8693 | complete. | |
8694 | ||
8695 | * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their | |
8696 | name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external | |
8697 | code. Among them fsck@.service which is now | |
8698 | systemd-fsck@.service. | |
8699 | ||
8700 | * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus | |
8701 | Manager object. | |
8702 | ||
8703 | * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now | |
8704 | work sensibly. | |
8705 | ||
8706 | * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options | |
8707 | we actually understand. | |
8708 | ||
8709 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass | |
8710 | additional capabilities to the container. | |
8711 | ||
8712 | * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names | |
5b00c016 | 8713 | from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list, |
b5b4c94a LP |
8714 | systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed. |
8715 | ||
8716 | * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of | |
8717 | the current boot only. | |
8718 | ||
8719 | * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in | |
8720 | order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up. | |
8721 | ||
8722 | * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald | |
8723 | which allows configuration of where log data should go. This | |
8724 | also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so | |
8725 | that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the | |
8726 | kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation. | |
8727 | ||
c4f1b862 | 8728 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations |
b5b4c94a | 8729 | |
2d938ac7 LP |
8730 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner, |
8731 | David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
8732 | Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel, | |
8733 | Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen | |
b5b4c94a | 8734 | |
2d197285 | 8735 | CHANGES WITH 185: |
b6a86739 | 8736 | |
2d197285 KS |
8737 | * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is |
8738 | available. | |
8739 | ||
8740 | * Several new man pages have been added. | |
8741 | ||
b5b4c94a LP |
8742 | * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, |
8743 | MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in | |
8744 | journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of | |
8745 | data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level. | |
2d197285 | 8746 | |
b5b4c94a LP |
8747 | * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for |
8748 | PID1. This allows system-wide power savings. | |
2d197285 KS |
8749 | |
8750 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen, | |
8751 | Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
8752 | Matthias Clasen | |
8753 | ||
4c8cd173 | 8754 | CHANGES WITH 184: |
b6a86739 | 8755 | |
4c8cd173 LP |
8756 | * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and |
8757 | sleep keys as well as the lid switch. | |
8758 | ||
8759 | * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl | |
8760 | /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific | |
8761 | daemon. | |
8762 | ||
8763 | * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences | |
8764 | the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel. | |
8765 | ||
8766 | Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert | |
8767 | Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers, | |
8768 | Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul | |
8769 | Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen | |
8770 | ||
ea5943d3 | 8771 | CHANGES WITH 183: |
b6a86739 | 8772 | |
187076d4 LP |
8773 | * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the |
8774 | new version to something that is greater than both udev's | |
8775 | and systemd's most recent version number. | |
8776 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
8777 | * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now. |
8778 | All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It | |
8779 | is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without | |
8780 | systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building | |
8781 | udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but | |
ea5943d3 | 8782 | udev can be properly *run* without systemd. |
07cd4fc1 | 8783 | |
91cf7e5c | 8784 | * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles |
f13b388f KS |
8785 | should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken |
8786 | subsystems. | |
64661ee7 | 8787 | |
2d13da88 KS |
8788 | * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is |
8789 | no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be | |
8790 | used to subscribe to events. | |
8791 | ||
194bbe33 KS |
8792 | * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left |
8793 | behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned | |
8794 | up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or | |
8795 | daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be | |
ea5943d3 | 8796 | pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly |
194bbe33 KS |
8797 | forked by udev rules. |
8798 | ||
f13b388f KS |
8799 | * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed |
8800 | in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need | |
8801 | to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building | |
8802 | it. | |
8803 | ||
ea5943d3 | 8804 | * libudev no longer provides these symbols: |
c1959569 KS |
8805 | udev_monitor_from_socket() |
8806 | udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry() | |
8807 | udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path() | |
ea5943d3 | 8808 | The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced. |
c1959569 | 8809 | |
ea5943d3 | 8810 | * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed |
9ae9afce | 8811 | to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl. |
18b754d3 KS |
8812 | |
8813 | * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and | |
8814 | /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to | |
8815 | logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename | |
8816 | the files to the new names on upgrade. | |
8817 | ||
ea5943d3 LP |
8818 | * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed |
8819 | from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff | |
8820 | of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too), | |
8821 | and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable | |
8822 | to be used as drop-in files. | |
8823 | ||
8824 | * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in | |
49f43d5f | 8825 | particular suspending and hibernating. |
ea5943d3 LP |
8826 | |
8827 | * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic | |
8828 | suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog | |
8829 | about this in more detail. | |
8830 | ||
8831 | * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided | |
ce830873 | 8832 | (which previously bind mounted these directories to their new |
ea5943d3 LP |
8833 | places). Distributions which have not converted these |
8834 | directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files | |
8835 | from git history and add them downstream. | |
8836 | ||
8837 | * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added | |
8838 | this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it | |
3943231c | 8839 | easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various |
ea5943d3 LP |
8840 | units. |
8841 | ||
8842 | * All smaller setup units (such as | |
8843 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they | |
8844 | are run in a container and are skipped when | |
8845 | appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in | |
8846 | Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn. | |
8847 | ||
8848 | * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now | |
8849 | integrated, for details see: | |
c6749ba5 | 8850 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates |
ea5943d3 LP |
8851 | |
8852 | * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us | |
8853 | avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status | |
8854 | messages. | |
8855 | ||
439d6dfd LP |
8856 | * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to |
8857 | globally reduce the set of capabilities for the | |
ea5943d3 LP |
8858 | system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, |
8859 | CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or | |
8860 | even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems. | |
8861 | ||
8862 | * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to | |
8863 | globally change the defaults of the various resource limits | |
8864 | for all units started by PID 1. | |
8865 | ||
8866 | * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into | |
8867 | systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu | |
8868 | and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!) | |
8869 | ||
3943231c LP |
8870 | * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside |
8871 | of PID 1 anymore. | |
ea5943d3 LP |
8872 | |
8873 | * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from | |
8874 | /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that | |
d28315e4 | 8875 | have not been read by systemd yet. |
ea5943d3 LP |
8876 | |
8877 | * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has | |
8878 | already been updated to make use of this. With this in place | |
8879 | initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much | |
8880 | easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in | |
8881 | the host system can be used to introspect initrd services, | |
8882 | and the journal from the initrd is kept around too. | |
8883 | ||
8884 | * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences | |
8885 | between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults. | |
8886 | ||
8887 | * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp. | |
8888 | ||
8889 | * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature | |
8890 | proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been | |
8891 | so sexy. | |
8892 | ||
8893 | * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all | |
8894 | files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching | |
8895 | is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated | |
8896 | packages which might result in changes of read-ahead | |
8897 | patterns. | |
8898 | ||
8899 | * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable | |
8900 | when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's | |
8901 | built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements | |
8902 | of necessary blocks to pre-cache. | |
8903 | ||
8904 | * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies | |
8905 | for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path. | |
8906 | ||
8907 | * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from | |
8908 | system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place | |
8909 | in systemd now. | |
8910 | ||
8911 | * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine | |
8912 | ID on the command line. | |
8913 | ||
f8c0a2cb | 8914 | * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search |
ea5943d3 LP |
8915 | for an init system. |
8916 | ||
8917 | * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from | |
8918 | vt100. | |
8919 | ||
8920 | * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems. | |
8921 | ||
8922 | * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual | |
3943231c | 8923 | components now have directories of their own. |
ea5943d3 LP |
8924 | |
8925 | * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available. | |
8926 | ||
8927 | * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the | |
8928 | container in other hierarchies. | |
8929 | ||
8930 | * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in | |
8931 | system.conf. | |
8932 | ||
8933 | * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API. | |
8934 | ||
8935 | * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be | |
8936 | masked and /etc/fstab can override it. | |
8937 | ||
d28315e4 | 8938 | * Since udisks does not make use of /media anymore we are not |
ea5943d3 LP |
8939 | mounting a tmpfs on it anymore. |
8940 | ||
8941 | * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave | |
8942 | locally generated journal files. | |
8943 | ||
8944 | * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically. | |
8945 | ||
8946 | * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui. | |
8947 | ||
79849bf9 LP |
8948 | Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George, |
8949 | Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan | |
8950 | Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal, | |
8951 | Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers, | |
8952 | Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure, | |
8953 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim | |
8954 | A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
8955 | Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn | |
8956 | Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
8957 | Gundersen | |
8958 | ||
16f1239e | 8959 | CHANGES WITH 44: |
b6a86739 | 8960 | |
16f1239e LP |
8961 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
8962 | ||
8963 | * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the | |
8964 | KVM or container configured UUID. | |
8965 | ||
8966 | * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff" | |
8967 | ||
8968 | * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output | |
8969 | ||
ab06eef8 | 8970 | * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and |
16f1239e LP |
8971 | ensuring that disk space enforcement works |
8972 | ||
ce830873 | 8973 | * sd-login.h is C++ compatible again |
16f1239e LP |
8974 | |
8975 | * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian | |
8976 | folks | |
8977 | ||
8978 | * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration | |
d28315e4 | 8979 | and unit files. This is done to ensure we do not pass invalid |
16f1239e LP |
8980 | data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere. |
8981 | ||
8982 | * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat | |
8983 | configuration | |
8984 | ||
8985 | * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race | |
8986 | free fashion | |
8987 | ||
8988 | * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always | |
8989 | overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always | |
b938cb90 | 8990 | and unconditionally override vendor-supplied or |
16f1239e LP |
8991 | automatically generated data. |
8992 | ||
8993 | * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man | |
8994 | pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls | |
8995 | however. | |
8996 | ||
8997 | * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the | |
8998 | tarball. | |
8999 | ||
9000 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic | |
9001 | Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti | |
9002 | Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry | |
9003 | Reding | |
9004 | ||
437b7dee | 9005 | CHANGES WITH 43: |
b6a86739 | 9006 | |
437b7dee LP |
9007 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
9008 | ||
9009 | * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported. | |
9010 | ||
9011 | * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so | |
9012 | ||
45afd519 | 9013 | * Track class of PAM logins to distinguish greeters from |
437b7dee LP |
9014 | normal user logins. |
9015 | ||
9016 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael | |
9017 | Biebl | |
9018 | ||
204fa33c | 9019 | CHANGES WITH 42: |
b6a86739 | 9020 | |
204fa33c LP |
9021 | * This is an important bugfix release for v41. |
9022 | ||
9023 | * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful | |
9024 | for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install | |
9025 | xsltproc. | |
9026 | ||
9027 | * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In | |
9028 | a future release support for hardware watchdogs | |
9029 | (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this. | |
9030 | ||
9031 | * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be | |
9032 | turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a | |
9033 | reboot can automatically be triggered. | |
9034 | ||
9035 | * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind. | |
9036 | ||
9037 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham, | |
9038 | Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
9039 | Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg | |
9040 | ||
e0d25329 | 9041 | CHANGES WITH 41: |
b6a86739 | 9042 | |
e0d25329 KS |
9043 | * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now; |
9044 | An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the | |
9045 | package update. | |
9046 | ||
b13df964 LP |
9047 | * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke |
9048 | libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not | |
9049 | support systems with module-init-tools anymore. | |
9050 | ||
9051 | * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not | |
9052 | complete. | |
9053 | ||
9054 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is | |
9055 | understood to set system wide environment variables | |
9056 | dynamically at boot. | |
9057 | ||
e9c1ea9d | 9058 | * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald. |
ccd07a08 | 9059 | |
353e12c2 LP |
9060 | * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is |
9061 | useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general | |
9062 | code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit | |
9063 | files. | |
9064 | ||
b13df964 LP |
9065 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart |
9066 | Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen, | |
9067 | William Douglas | |
9068 | ||
d26e4270 | 9069 | CHANGES WITH 40: |
b6a86739 | 9070 | |
d26e4270 LP |
9071 | * This is mostly a bugfix release |
9072 | ||
9073 | * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the | |
9074 | "Result" D-Bus property. | |
9075 | ||
9076 | * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over | |
9077 | the next few releases.) | |
9078 | ||
9079 | * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will | |
9080 | now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process | |
9081 | it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window | |
9082 | with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful | |
9083 | ||
b13df964 LP |
9084 | Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay |
9085 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, | |
9086 | Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode | |
9087 | ||
220a21d3 | 9088 | CHANGES WITH 39: |
b6a86739 | 9089 | |
220a21d3 LP |
9090 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
9091 | bugfixes. | |
9092 | ||
9093 | * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their | |
9094 | resource usage. | |
9095 | ||
9096 | * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If | |
9097 | disabled, support tracking device access for active logins | |
9098 | goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user | |
9099 | journals by the respective users. | |
9100 | ||
9101 | * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically | |
9102 | owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access | |
9103 | to the system journal as well as all user journals. | |
9104 | ||
9105 | * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging | |
9106 | client for all entries. | |
9107 | ||
9108 | * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers | |
9109 | ||
9110 | * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text | |
9111 | messages, without any meta data like date or time. | |
9112 | ||
9113 | * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to | |
9114 | teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display | |
9115 | managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg | |
9116 | learned native udev hotplugging for display devices. | |
9117 | ||
9118 | * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs | |
9119 | with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as | |
9120 | BSD logger replacement, and does so by default. | |
9121 | ||
9122 | * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the | |
9123 | journal along with meta data. | |
9124 | ||
9125 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for | |
9126 | writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for | |
9127 | creating symlinks, character and block device nodes. | |
9128 | ||
9129 | * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups | |
9130 | persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in | |
56cadcb6 | 9131 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups |
220a21d3 LP |
9132 | |
9133 | * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way | |
9134 | ||
9135 | * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on | |
9136 | rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to | |
9137 | death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid, | |
9138 | or fsck. | |
9139 | ||
d28315e4 | 9140 | * Do not show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless |
220a21d3 LP |
9141 | requested with new -k switch. |
9142 | ||
9143 | Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
9144 | Poettering, Michal Schmidt | |
9145 | ||
9146 | CHANGES WITH 38: | |
b6a86739 | 9147 | |
220a21d3 LP |
9148 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many |
9149 | bugfixes. | |
9150 | ||
9151 | * The git repository moved to: | |
9152 | git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd | |
9153 | ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd | |
9154 | ||
9155 | * First release with the journal | |
9156 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html | |
9157 | ||
9158 | * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and | |
9159 | systemd-stdout-bridge. | |
9160 | ||
9161 | * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind | |
9162 | ||
9163 | * Many systemadm clean-ups | |
9164 | ||
9165 | * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all | |
9166 | remote mounts and may be used to start services before all | |
9167 | remote mounts. | |
9168 | ||
9169 | * Added Mageia support | |
9170 | ||
9171 | * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl | |
9172 | ||
9173 | * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in | |
9174 | the parent process before having finished writing the PID | |
9175 | file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be | |
9176 | fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the | |
9177 | parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them. | |
9178 | ||
9179 | * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output | |
9180 | of existing distributions. | |
9181 | ||
9182 | * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for | |
9183 | compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage. | |
9184 | ||
9185 | * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and | |
9186 | thus will no longer act as synchronization point during | |
9187 | boot. | |
9188 | ||
9189 | * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=. | |
9190 | ||
9191 | * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for | |
9192 | relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is | |
9193 | useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys, | |
9194 | among other things. | |
9195 | ||
9196 | * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console | |
9197 | and the journal by default, not only just the console. | |
9198 | ||
9199 | * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login. | |
9200 | ||
ce830873 | 9201 | * The build tree got reorganized and the build system is a |
220a21d3 LP |
9202 | lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically |
9203 | select the components of systemd they are interested in. | |
9204 | ||
9205 | * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is | |
9206 | restored. | |
9207 | ||
9208 | * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to | |
9209 | --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and | |
9210 | kmod | |
9211 | ||
d28315e4 | 9212 | * Unless specified otherwise we will now install to /usr instead |
220a21d3 LP |
9213 | of /usr/local by default. |
9214 | ||
9215 | * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the | |
9216 | final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained | |
9217 | in: | |
56cadcb6 | 9218 | https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons |
220a21d3 LP |
9219 | |
9220 | * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter | |
9221 | the START or START_PRE states are now killed with | |
9222 | SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn | |
9223 | background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never | |
9224 | supported anyway, and bad style). | |
9225 | ||
9226 | * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind | |
9227 | reloading of units together. | |
9228 | ||
4c8cd173 | 9229 | Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave |
220a21d3 LP |
9230 | Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay |
9231 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
9232 | Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef | |
9233 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |