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64c4757e | 1 | /* |
9a9dab36 | 2 | * mdadm - manage Linux "md" devices aka RAID arrays. |
64c4757e | 3 | * |
e736b623 | 4 | * Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> |
64c4757e NB |
5 | * |
6 | * | |
7 | * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
8 | * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
9 | * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
10 | * (at your option) any later version. | |
11 | * | |
12 | * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
13 | * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
14 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
15 | * GNU General Public License for more details. | |
16 | * | |
17 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
18 | * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
19 | * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
20 | * | |
21 | * Author: Neil Brown | |
fffdbe5e | 22 | * Email: <neilb@suse.de> |
64c4757e NB |
23 | */ |
24 | ||
9a9dab36 | 25 | #include "mdadm.h" |
64c4757e | 26 | |
40bc78f5 | 27 | char Version[] = Name " - v3.1.1 - 19th November 2009\n"; |
4b1ac34b | 28 | |
64c4757e NB |
29 | /* |
30 | * File: ReadMe.c | |
31 | * | |
32 | * This file contains general comments about the implementation | |
9a9dab36 | 33 | * and the various usage messages that can be displayed by mdadm |
64c4757e | 34 | * |
9a9dab36 | 35 | * mdadm is a single program that can be used to control Linux md devices. |
64c4757e NB |
36 | * It is intended to provide all the functionality of the mdtools and |
37 | * raidtools but with a very different interface. | |
9a9dab36 | 38 | * mdadm can perform all functions without a configuration file. |
64c4757e NB |
39 | * There is the option of using a configuration file, but not in the same |
40 | * way that raidtools uses one | |
41 | * raidtools uses a configuration file to describe how to create a RAID | |
42 | * array, and also uses this file partially to start a previously | |
43 | * created RAID array. Further, raidtools requires the configuration | |
44 | * file for such things as stopping a raid array which needs to know | |
45 | * nothing about the array. | |
46 | * | |
9a9dab36 | 47 | * The configuration file that can be used by mdadm lists two |
64c4757e NB |
48 | * different things: |
49 | * 1/ a mapping from uuid to md device to identify which arrays are | |
50 | * expect and what names (numbers) they should be given | |
51 | * 2/ a list of devices that should be scanned for md sub-devices | |
52 | * | |
53 | * | |
54 | */ | |
55 | ||
56 | /* | |
dd0781e5 | 57 | * mdadm has 7 major modes of operation: |
64c4757e | 58 | * 1/ Create |
5787fa49 | 59 | * This mode is used to create a new array with a superblock |
64c4757e NB |
60 | * It can progress in several step create-add-add-run |
61 | * or it can all happen with one command | |
62 | * 2/ Assemble | |
63 | * This mode is used to assemble the parts of a previously created | |
64 | * array into an active array. Components can be explicitly given | |
9a9dab36 | 65 | * or can be searched for. mdadm (optionally) check that the components |
5787fa49 | 66 | * do form a bona-fide array, and can, on request, fiddle superblock |
64c4757e NB |
67 | * version numbers so as to assemble a faulty array. |
68 | * 3/ Build | |
69 | * This is for building legacy arrays without superblocks | |
70 | * 4/ Manage | |
e0d19036 NB |
71 | * This is for doing something to one or more devices |
72 | * in an array, such as add,remove,fail. | |
73 | * run/stop/readonly/readwrite are also available | |
74 | * 5/ Misc | |
75 | * This is for doing things to individual devices. | |
76 | * They might be parts of an array so | |
77 | * zero-superblock, examine might be appropriate | |
78 | * They might be md arrays so | |
79 | * run,stop,rw,ro,detail might be appropriate | |
80 | * Also query will treat it as either | |
81 | * 6/ Monitor | |
82 | * This mode never exits but just monitors arrays and reports changes. | |
dd0781e5 NB |
83 | * 7/ Grow |
84 | * This mode allows for changing of key attributes of a raid array, such | |
85 | * as size, number of devices, and possibly even layout. | |
86 | * At the time if writing, there is only minimal support. | |
64c4757e NB |
87 | */ |
88 | ||
84e11361 | 89 | char short_options[]="-ABCDEFGIQhVXWZvqbc:i:l:p:m:n:x:u:c:d:z:U:sarfRSow1tye:"; |
024768c4 | 90 | char short_bitmap_options[]= |
84e11361 | 91 | "-ABCDEFGIQhVXWZvqb:c:i:l:p:m:n:x:u:c:d:z:U:sarfRSow1tye:"; |
8382f19b | 92 | char short_bitmap_auto_options[]= |
84e11361 | 93 | "-ABCDEFGIQhVXWZvqb:c:i:l:p:m:n:x:u:c:d:z:U:sa:rfRSow1tye:"; |
773135f5 | 94 | |
64c4757e NB |
95 | struct option long_options[] = { |
96 | {"manage", 0, 0, '@'}, | |
e0d19036 | 97 | {"misc", 0, 0, '#'}, |
64c4757e NB |
98 | {"assemble", 0, 0, 'A'}, |
99 | {"build", 0, 0, 'B'}, | |
100 | {"create", 0, 0, 'C'}, | |
101 | {"detail", 0, 0, 'D'}, | |
102 | {"examine", 0, 0, 'E'}, | |
52826846 | 103 | {"follow", 0, 0, 'F'}, |
dd0781e5 | 104 | {"grow", 0, 0, 'G'}, |
8382f19b | 105 | {"incremental",0,0, 'I'}, |
e0d19036 NB |
106 | {"zero-superblock", 0, 0, 'K'}, /* deliberately no a short_option */ |
107 | {"query", 0, 0, 'Q'}, | |
c82f047c | 108 | {"examine-bitmap", 0, 0, 'X'}, |
1f48664b | 109 | {"auto-detect", 0, 0, AutoDetect}, |
4cce4069 | 110 | {"detail-platform", 0, 0, DetailPlatform}, |
52826846 NB |
111 | |
112 | /* synonyms */ | |
113 | {"monitor", 0, 0, 'F'}, | |
aba69144 | 114 | |
64c4757e NB |
115 | /* after those will normally come the name of the md device */ |
116 | {"help", 0, 0, 'h'}, | |
56eedc1a | 117 | {"help-options",0,0,'h'}, |
64c4757e NB |
118 | {"version", 0, 0, 'V'}, |
119 | {"verbose", 0, 0, 'v'}, | |
dab6685f | 120 | {"quiet", 0, 0, 'q'}, |
64c4757e NB |
121 | |
122 | /* For create or build: */ | |
123 | {"chunk", 1, 0, 'c'}, | |
124 | {"rounding", 1, 0, 'c'}, /* for linear, chunk is really a rounding number */ | |
98c6faba | 125 | {"level", 1, 0, 'l'}, /* 0,1,4,5,6,linear */ |
5787fa49 | 126 | {"parity", 1, 0, 'p'}, /* {left,right}-{a,}symmetric */ |
64c4757e NB |
127 | {"layout", 1, 0, 'p'}, |
128 | {"raid-disks",1, 0, 'n'}, | |
b83d95f3 | 129 | {"raid-devices",1, 0, 'n'}, |
64c4757e | 130 | {"spare-disks",1,0, 'x'}, |
b83d95f3 | 131 | {"spare-devices",1,0, 'x'}, |
dd0781e5 | 132 | {"size", 1, 0, 'z'}, |
c82f047c | 133 | {"auto", 1, 0, 'a'}, /* also for --assemble */ |
997aed5d | 134 | {"assume-clean",0,0, AssumeClean }, |
f9ce90ba | 135 | {"metadata", 1, 0, 'e'}, /* superblock format */ |
c82f047c | 136 | {"bitmap", 1, 0, 'b'}, |
997aed5d NB |
137 | {"bitmap-chunk", 1, 0, BitmapChunk}, |
138 | {"write-behind", 2, 0, WriteBehind}, | |
dfd4d8ee | 139 | {"write-mostly",0, 0, 'W'}, |
997aed5d NB |
140 | {"re-add", 0, 0, ReAdd}, |
141 | {"homehost", 1, 0, HomeHost}, | |
e0fe762a | 142 | #if 0 |
589395d6 | 143 | {"auto-update-homehost", 0, 0, AutoHomeHost}, |
e0fe762a | 144 | #endif |
38098016 | 145 | {"symlinks", 1, 0, Symlinks}, |
64c4757e NB |
146 | |
147 | /* For assemble */ | |
148 | {"uuid", 1, 0, 'u'}, | |
52826846 | 149 | {"super-minor",1,0, 'm'}, |
947fd4dd | 150 | {"name", 1, 0, 'N'}, |
64c4757e NB |
151 | {"config", 1, 0, 'c'}, |
152 | {"scan", 0, 0, 's'}, | |
153 | {"force", 0, 0, 'f'}, | |
5787fa49 | 154 | {"update", 1, 0, 'U'}, |
dfd4d8ee | 155 | |
64c4757e NB |
156 | /* Management */ |
157 | {"add", 0, 0, 'a'}, | |
158 | {"remove", 0, 0, 'r'}, | |
159 | {"fail", 0, 0, 'f'}, | |
160 | {"set-faulty",0, 0, 'f'}, | |
161 | {"run", 0, 0, 'R'}, | |
162 | {"stop", 0, 0, 'S'}, | |
163 | {"readonly", 0, 0, 'o'}, | |
164 | {"readwrite", 0, 0, 'w'}, | |
997aed5d | 165 | {"no-degraded",0,0, NoDegraded }, |
b90c0e9a | 166 | {"wait", 0, 0, 'W'}, |
1770662b | 167 | {"wait-clean", 0, 0, Waitclean }, |
52826846 | 168 | |
cd29a5c8 NB |
169 | /* For Detail/Examine */ |
170 | {"brief", 0, 0, 'b'}, | |
54bad364 | 171 | {"export", 0, 0, 'Y'}, |
997aed5d | 172 | {"sparc2.2", 0, 0, Sparc22}, |
feb716e9 | 173 | {"test", 0, 0, 't'}, |
cd29a5c8 | 174 | |
52826846 NB |
175 | /* For Follow/monitor */ |
176 | {"mail", 1, 0, 'm'}, | |
177 | {"program", 1, 0, 'p'}, | |
178 | {"alert", 1, 0, 'p'}, | |
9a36a9b7 | 179 | {"increment", 1, 0, 'r'}, |
52826846 | 180 | {"delay", 1, 0, 'd'}, |
56eedc1a NB |
181 | {"daemonise", 0, 0, 'f'}, |
182 | {"daemonize", 0, 0, 'f'}, | |
aa88f531 | 183 | {"oneshot", 0, 0, '1'}, |
b5e64645 | 184 | {"pid-file", 1, 0, 'i'}, |
90cf1ddd | 185 | {"syslog", 0, 0, 'y'}, |
06b0d786 | 186 | /* For Grow */ |
997aed5d | 187 | {"backup-file", 1,0, BackupFile}, |
84e11361 | 188 | {"array-size", 1, 0, 'Z'}, |
8382f19b NB |
189 | |
190 | /* For Incremental */ | |
191 | {"rebuild-map", 0, 0, 'r'}, | |
64c4757e NB |
192 | {0, 0, 0, 0} |
193 | }; | |
194 | ||
195 | char Usage[] = | |
9a9dab36 | 196 | "Usage: mdadm --help\n" |
64c4757e NB |
197 | " for help\n" |
198 | ; | |
199 | ||
200 | char Help[] = | |
e5a5d81e NB |
201 | "mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring\n" |
202 | "Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays)\n" | |
9a9dab36 | 203 | "Usage: mdadm --create device options...\n" |
e5a5d81e | 204 | " Create a new array from unused devices.\n" |
9a9dab36 | 205 | " mdadm --assemble device options...\n" |
e968ba60 | 206 | " Assemble a previously created array.\n" |
9a9dab36 | 207 | " mdadm --build device options...\n" |
e5a5d81e | 208 | " Create or assemble an array without metadata.\n" |
e0d19036 | 209 | " mdadm --manage device options...\n" |
e968ba60 | 210 | " make changes to an existing array.\n" |
e0d19036 | 211 | " mdadm --misc options... devices\n" |
e968ba60 | 212 | " report on or modify various md related devices.\n" |
8382f19b NB |
213 | " mdadm --grow options device\n" |
214 | " resize/reshape an active array\n" | |
215 | " mdadm --incremental device\n" | |
216 | " add a device to an array as appropriate\n" | |
e0d19036 | 217 | " mdadm --monitor options...\n" |
e968ba60 | 218 | " Monitor one or more array for significant changes.\n" |
9a9dab36 | 219 | " mdadm device options...\n" |
e968ba60 | 220 | " Shorthand for --manage.\n" |
e5a5d81e NB |
221 | "Any parameter that does not start with '-' is treated as a device name\n" |
222 | "or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name.\n" | |
223 | "The first such name is often the name of an md device. Subsequent\n" | |
224 | "names are often names of component devices.\n" | |
225 | "\n" | |
56eedc1a | 226 | " For detailed help on the above major modes use --help after the mode\n" |
e0d19036 | 227 | " e.g.\n" |
9a9dab36 | 228 | " mdadm --assemble --help\n" |
56eedc1a NB |
229 | " For general help on options use\n" |
230 | " mdadm --help-options\n" | |
231 | ; | |
232 | ||
233 | char OptionHelp[] = | |
64c4757e | 234 | "Any parameter that does not start with '-' is treated as a device name\n" |
c82f047c | 235 | "or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name.\n" |
e0d19036 | 236 | "The first such name is often the name of an md device. Subsequent\n" |
e5a5d81e | 237 | "names are often names of component devices.\n" |
52826846 | 238 | "\n" |
e0d19036 | 239 | "Some common options are:\n" |
56eedc1a | 240 | " --help -h : General help message or, after above option,\n" |
64c4757e | 241 | " mode specific help message\n" |
56eedc1a | 242 | " --help-options : This help message\n" |
9a9dab36 | 243 | " --version -V : Print version information for mdadm\n" |
64c4757e | 244 | " --verbose -v : Be more verbose about what is happening\n" |
dab6685f | 245 | " --quiet -q : Don't print un-necessary messages\n" |
e0d19036 | 246 | " --brief -b : Be less verbose, more brief\n" |
54bad364 KS |
247 | " --export -Y : With --detail, use key=value format for easy\n" |
248 | " import into environment\n" | |
e0d19036 NB |
249 | " --force -f : Override normal checks and be more forceful\n" |
250 | "\n" | |
251 | " --assemble -A : Assemble an array\n" | |
e5a5d81e | 252 | " --build -B : Build an array without metadata\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
253 | " --create -C : Create a new array\n" |
254 | " --detail -D : Display details of an array\n" | |
5787fa49 | 255 | " --examine -E : Examine superblock on an array component\n" |
c82f047c | 256 | " --examine-bitmap -X: Display the detail of a bitmap file\n" |
e0d19036 | 257 | " --monitor -F : monitor (follow) some arrays\n" |
8382f19b NB |
258 | " --grow -G : resize/ reshape and array\n" |
259 | " --incremental -I : add a single device to an array as appropriate\n" | |
e0d19036 NB |
260 | " --query -Q : Display general information about how a\n" |
261 | " device relates to the md driver\n" | |
1f48664b | 262 | " --auto-detect : Start arrays auto-detected by the kernel\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
263 | ; |
264 | /* | |
64c4757e NB |
265 | "\n" |
266 | " For create or build:\n" | |
c82f047c | 267 | " --bitmap= -b : File to store bitmap in - may pre-exist for --build\n" |
64c4757e | 268 | " --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n" |
5787fa49 | 269 | " --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n" |
98c6faba NB |
270 | " --level= -l : raid level: 0,1,4,5,6,linear,mp. 0 or linear for build\n" |
271 | " --parity= -p : raid5/6 parity algorithm: {left,right}-{,a}symmetric\n" | |
64c4757e | 272 | " --layout= : same as --parity\n" |
b83d95f3 NB |
273 | " --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n" |
274 | " --spare-devices= -x: number of spares (eXtras) devices in initial array\n" | |
e5329c37 | 275 | " --size= -z : Size (in K) of each drive in RAID1/4/5/6/10 - optional\n" |
52826846 NB |
276 | " --force -f : Honour devices as listed on command line. Don't\n" |
277 | " : insert a missing drive for RAID5.\n" | |
dd0781e5 | 278 | " --assume-clean : Assume the array is already in-sync. This is dangerous.\n" |
c82f047c NB |
279 | " --bitmap-chunk= : chunksize of bitmap in bitmap file (Kilobytes)\n" |
280 | " --delay= -d : seconds between bitmap updates\n" | |
dfd4d8ee | 281 | " --write-behind= : number of simultaneous write-behind requests to allow (requires bitmap)\n" |
947fd4dd | 282 | " --name= -N : Textual name for array - max 32 characters\n" |
64c4757e NB |
283 | "\n" |
284 | " For assemble:\n" | |
c82f047c | 285 | " --bitmap= -b : File to find bitmap information in\n" |
64c4757e NB |
286 | " --uuid= -u : uuid of array to assemble. Devices which don't\n" |
287 | " have this uuid are excluded\n" | |
52826846 NB |
288 | " --super-minor= -m : minor number to look for in super-block when\n" |
289 | " choosing devices to use.\n" | |
947fd4dd | 290 | " --name= -N : Array name to look for in super-block.\n" |
64c4757e NB |
291 | " --config= -c : config file\n" |
292 | " --scan -s : scan config file for missing information\n" | |
293 | " --force -f : Assemble the array even if some superblocks appear out-of-date\n" | |
cbfbcb0b | 294 | " --update= -U : Update superblock: try '-A --update=?' for list of options.\n" |
b8a8ccf9 | 295 | " --no-degraded : Do not start any degraded arrays - default unless --scan.\n" |
64c4757e | 296 | "\n" |
cd29a5c8 NB |
297 | " For detail or examine:\n" |
298 | " --brief -b : Just print device name and UUID\n" | |
299 | "\n" | |
52826846 NB |
300 | " For follow/monitor:\n" |
301 | " --mail= -m : Address to mail alerts of failure to\n" | |
302 | " --program= -p : Program to run when an event is detected\n" | |
303 | " --alert= : same as --program\n" | |
304 | " --delay= -d : seconds of delay between polling state. default=60\n" | |
305 | "\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
306 | " General management:\n" |
307 | " --add -a : add, or hotadd subsequent devices\n" | |
308 | " --remove -r : remove subsequent devices\n" | |
309 | " --fail -f : mark subsequent devices a faulty\n" | |
310 | " --set-faulty : same as --fail\n" | |
311 | " --run -R : start a partially built array\n" | |
5787fa49 | 312 | " --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n" |
64c4757e NB |
313 | " --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n" |
314 | " --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n" | |
9a9dab36 | 315 | " --zero-superblock : erase the MD superblock from a device.\n" |
b90c0e9a | 316 | " --wait -W : wait for recovery/resync/reshape to finish.\n" |
64c4757e | 317 | ; |
e0d19036 | 318 | */ |
64c4757e NB |
319 | |
320 | char Help_create[] = | |
b83d95f3 | 321 | "Usage: mdadm --create device -chunk=X --level=Y --raid-devices=Z devices\n" |
64c4757e | 322 | "\n" |
aa88f531 NB |
323 | " This usage will initialise a new md array, associate some\n" |
324 | " devices with it, and activate the array. In order to create an\n" | |
325 | " array with some devices missing, use the special word 'missing' in\n" | |
326 | " place of the relevant device name.\n" | |
64c4757e | 327 | "\n" |
aa88f531 | 328 | " Before devices are added, they are checked to see if they already contain\n" |
e0d19036 | 329 | " raid superblocks or filesystems. They are also checked to see if\n" |
64c4757e | 330 | " the variance in device size exceeds 1%.\n" |
aa88f531 NB |
331 | " If any discrepancy is found, the user will be prompted for confirmation\n" |
332 | " before the array is created. The presence of a '--run' can override this\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
333 | " caution.\n" |
334 | "\n" | |
e0d19036 NB |
335 | " If the --size option is given then only that many kilobytes of each\n" |
336 | " device is used, no matter how big each device is.\n" | |
682c7051 | 337 | " If no --size is given, the apparent size of the smallest drive given\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
338 | " is used for raid level 1 and greater, and the full device is used for\n" |
339 | " other levels.\n" | |
682c7051 | 340 | "\n" |
e0d19036 | 341 | " Options that are valid with --create (-C) are:\n" |
c82f047c | 342 | " --bitmap= : Create a bitmap for the array with the given filename\n" |
e0d19036 | 343 | " --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n" |
5787fa49 | 344 | " --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n" |
98c6faba NB |
345 | " --level= -l : raid level: 0,1,4,5,6,linear,multipath and synonyms\n" |
346 | " --parity= -p : raid5/6 parity algorithm: {left,right}-{,a}symmetric\n" | |
e0d19036 | 347 | " --layout= : same as --parity\n" |
b83d95f3 NB |
348 | " --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n" |
349 | " --spare-devices= -x: number of spares (eXtras) devices in initial array\n" | |
e5329c37 | 350 | " --size= -z : Size (in K) of each drive in RAID1/4/5/6/10 - optional\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
351 | " --force -f : Honour devices as listed on command line. Don't\n" |
352 | " : insert a missing drive for RAID5.\n" | |
aa88f531 | 353 | " --run -R : insist of running the array even if not all\n" |
e0d19036 | 354 | " : devices are present or some look odd.\n" |
aa88f531 | 355 | " --readonly -o : start the array readonly - not supported yet.\n" |
947fd4dd | 356 | " --name= -N : Textual name for array - max 32 characters\n" |
c82f047c NB |
357 | " --bitmap-chunk= : bitmap chunksize in Kilobytes.\n" |
358 | " --delay= -d : bitmap update delay in seconds.\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
359 | "\n" |
360 | ; | |
361 | ||
362 | char Help_build[] = | |
b83d95f3 | 363 | "Usage: mdadm --build device -chunk=X --level=Y --raid-devices=Z devices\n" |
64c4757e NB |
364 | "\n" |
365 | " This usage is similar to --create. The difference is that it creates\n" | |
e0d19036 | 366 | " a legacy array without a superblock. With these arrays there is no\n" |
64c4757e NB |
367 | " different between initially creating the array and subsequently\n" |
368 | " assembling the array, except that hopefully there is useful data\n" | |
369 | " there in the second case.\n" | |
370 | "\n" | |
e0d19036 | 371 | " The level may only be 0, raid0, or linear.\n" |
64c4757e | 372 | " All devices must be listed and the array will be started once complete.\n" |
e0d19036 | 373 | " Options that are valid with --build (-B) are:\n" |
c82f047c | 374 | " --bitmap= : file to store/find bitmap information in.\n" |
e0d19036 | 375 | " --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n" |
5787fa49 | 376 | " --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n" |
e0d19036 | 377 | " --level= -l : 0, raid0, or linear\n" |
c82f047c NB |
378 | " --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n" |
379 | " --bitmap-chunk= : bitmap chunksize in Kilobytes.\n" | |
380 | " --delay= -d : bitmap update delay in seconds.\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
381 | ; |
382 | ||
383 | char Help_assemble[] = | |
9a9dab36 NB |
384 | "Usage: mdadm --assemble device options...\n" |
385 | " mdadm --assemble --scan options...\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
386 | "\n" |
387 | "This usage assembles one or more raid arrays from pre-existing\n" | |
388 | "components.\n" | |
e0d19036 | 389 | "For each array, mdadm needs to know the md device, the identity of\n" |
52826846 NB |
390 | "the array, and a number of sub devices. These can be found in a number\n" |
391 | "of ways.\n" | |
392 | "\n" | |
393 | "The md device is either given on the command line or is found listed\n" | |
394 | "in the config file. The array identity is determined either from the\n" | |
e0d19036 | 395 | "--uuid or --super-minor commandline arguments, from the config file,\n" |
52826846 | 396 | "or from the first component device on the command line.\n" |
64c4757e | 397 | "\n" |
52826846 NB |
398 | "The different combinations of these are as follows:\n" |
399 | " If the --scan option is not given, then only devices and identities\n" | |
400 | " listed on the command line are considered.\n" | |
e0d19036 | 401 | " The first device will be the array device, and the remainder will be\n" |
52826846 NB |
402 | " examined when looking for components.\n" |
403 | " If an explicit identity is given with --uuid or --super-minor, then\n" | |
e0d19036 | 404 | " only devices with a superblock which matches that identity is considered,\n" |
52826846 | 405 | " otherwise every device listed is considered.\n" |
64c4757e | 406 | "\n" |
52826846 NB |
407 | " If the --scan option is given, and no devices are listed, then\n" |
408 | " every array listed in the config file is considered for assembly.\n" | |
e0d19036 | 409 | " The identity of candidate devices are determined from the config file.\n" |
64c4757e | 410 | "\n" |
52826846 NB |
411 | " If the --scan option is given as well as one or more devices, then\n" |
412 | " Those devices are md devices that are to be assembled. Their identity\n" | |
413 | " and components are determined from the config file.\n" | |
64c4757e | 414 | "\n" |
b8a8ccf9 NB |
415 | " If mdadm can not find all of the components for an array, it will assemble\n" |
416 | " it but not activate it unless --run or --scan is given. To preserve this\n" | |
417 | " behaviour even with --scan, add --no-degraded. Note that \"all of the\n" | |
418 | " components\" means as many as were present the last time the array was running\n" | |
419 | " as recorded in the superblock. If the array was already degraded, and\n" | |
420 | " the missing device is not a new problem, it will still be assembled. It\n" | |
421 | " is only newly missing devices that cause the array not to be started.\n" | |
422 | "\n" | |
e0d19036 | 423 | "Options that are valid with --assemble (-A) are:\n" |
c82f047c | 424 | " --bitmap= : bitmap file to use wit the array\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
425 | " --uuid= -u : uuid of array to assemble. Devices which don't\n" |
426 | " have this uuid are excluded\n" | |
427 | " --super-minor= -m : minor number to look for in super-block when\n" | |
428 | " choosing devices to use.\n" | |
947fd4dd | 429 | " --name= -N : Array name to look for in super-block.\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
430 | " --config= -c : config file\n" |
431 | " --scan -s : scan config file for missing information\n" | |
432 | " --run -R : Try to start the array even if not enough devices\n" | |
433 | " for a full array are present\n" | |
434 | " --force -f : Assemble the array even if some superblocks appear\n" | |
435 | " : out-of-date. This involves modifying the superblocks.\n" | |
cbfbcb0b | 436 | " --update= -U : Update superblock: try '-A --update=?' for option list.\n" |
b8a8ccf9 | 437 | " --no-degraded : Assemble but do not start degraded arrays.\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
438 | ; |
439 | ||
440 | char Help_manage[] = | |
441 | "Usage: mdadm arraydevice options component devices...\n" | |
442 | "\n" | |
443 | "This usage is for managing the component devices within an array.\n" | |
444 | "The --manage option is not needed and is assumed if the first argument\n" | |
445 | "is a device name or a management option.\n" | |
446 | "The first device listed will be taken to be an md array device, and\n" | |
447 | "subsequent devices are (potential) components of that array.\n" | |
448 | "\n" | |
449 | "Options that are valid with management mode are:\n" | |
450 | " --add -a : hotadd subsequent devices to the array\n" | |
451 | " --remove -r : remove subsequent devices, which must not be active\n" | |
452 | " --fail -f : mark subsequent devices a faulty\n" | |
453 | " --set-faulty : same as --fail\n" | |
454 | " --run -R : start a partially built array\n" | |
5787fa49 | 455 | " --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
456 | " --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n" |
457 | " --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n" | |
458 | ; | |
459 | ||
460 | char Help_misc[] = | |
461 | "Usage: mdadm misc_option devices...\n" | |
462 | "\n" | |
463 | "This usage is for performing some task on one or more devices, which\n" | |
464 | "may be arrays or components, depending on the task.\n" | |
465 | "The --misc option is not needed (though it is allowed) and is assumed\n" | |
466 | "if the first argument in a misc option.\n" | |
467 | "\n" | |
468 | "Options that are valid with the miscellaneous mode are:\n" | |
469 | " --query -Q : Display general information about how a\n" | |
470 | " device relates to the md driver\n" | |
471 | " --detail -D : Display details of an array\n" | |
4cce4069 | 472 | " --detail-platform : Display hardware/firmware details\n" |
5787fa49 | 473 | " --examine -E : Examine superblock on an array component\n" |
c82f047c | 474 | " --examine-bitmap -X: Display contents of a bitmap file\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
475 | " --zero-superblock : erase the MD superblock from a device.\n" |
476 | " --run -R : start a partially built array\n" | |
5787fa49 | 477 | " --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
478 | " --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n" |
479 | " --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n" | |
feb716e9 | 480 | " --test -t : exit status 0 if ok, 1 if degrade, 2 if dead, 4 if missing\n" |
b90c0e9a | 481 | " --wait -W : wait for resync/rebuild/recovery to finish\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
482 | ; |
483 | ||
484 | char Help_monitor[] = | |
485 | "Usage: mdadm --monitor options devices\n" | |
486 | "\n" | |
487 | "This usage causes mdadm to monitor a number of md arrays by periodically\n" | |
488 | "polling their status and acting on any changes.\n" | |
489 | "If any devices are listed then those devices are monitored, otherwise\n" | |
490 | "all devices listed in the config file are monitored.\n" | |
491 | "The address for mailing advisories to, and the program to handle\n" | |
492 | "each change can be specified in the config file or on the command line.\n" | |
493 | "If no mail address or program are specified, then mdadm reports all\n" | |
494 | "state changes to stdout.\n" | |
495 | "\n" | |
dd0781e5 | 496 | "Options that are valid with the monitor (-F --follow) mode are:\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
497 | " --mail= -m : Address to mail alerts of failure to\n" |
498 | " --program= -p : Program to run when an event is detected\n" | |
499 | " --alert= : same as --program\n" | |
9a36a9b7 | 500 | " --increment= -r : Report RebuildNN events in the given increment. default=20\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
501 | " --delay= -d : seconds of delay between polling state. default=60\n" |
502 | " --config= -c : specify a different config file\n" | |
503 | " --scan -s : find mail-address/program in config file\n" | |
d013a55e | 504 | " --daemonise -f : Fork and continue in child, parent exits\n" |
b5e64645 | 505 | " --pid-file= -i : In daemon mode write pid to specified file instead of stdout\n" |
aa88f531 | 506 | " --oneshot -1 : Check for degraded arrays, then exit\n" |
98c6faba | 507 | " --test -t : Generate a TestMessage event against each array at startup\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
508 | ; |
509 | ||
dd0781e5 NB |
510 | char Help_grow[] = |
511 | "Usage: mdadm --grow device options\n" | |
512 | "\n" | |
513 | "This usage causes mdadm to attempt to reconfigure a running array.\n" | |
514 | "This is only possibly if the kernel being used supports a particular\n" | |
00be0b12 NB |
515 | "reconfiguration. This version supports changing the number of\n" |
516 | "devices in a RAID1/5/6, changing the active size of all devices in\n" | |
517 | "a RAID1/4/5/6, adding or removing a write-intent bitmap, and changing\n" | |
518 | "the error mode for a 'FAULTY' array.\n" | |
dd0781e5 | 519 | "\n" |
891d2994 | 520 | "Options that are valid with the grow (-G --grow) mode are:\n" |
00be0b12 NB |
521 | " --level= -l : Tell mdadm what level the array is so that it can\n" |
522 | " : interpret '--layout' properly.\n" | |
523 | " --layout= -p : For a FAULTY array, set/change the error mode.\n" | |
dd0781e5 NB |
524 | " --size= -z : Change the active size of devices in an array.\n" |
525 | " : This is useful if all devices have been replaced\n" | |
0083584d N |
526 | " : with larger devices. Value is in Kilobytes, or\n" |
527 | " : the special word 'max' meaning 'as large as possible'.\n" | |
e5669f40 | 528 | " --raid-devices= -n : Change the number of active devices in an array.\n" |
00be0b12 | 529 | " --bitmap= -b : Add or remove a write-intent bitmap.\n" |
e5669f40 N |
530 | " --backup-file= file : A file on a differt device to store data for a\n" |
531 | " : short time while increasing raid-devices on a\n" | |
532 | " : RAID4/5/6 array. Not needed when a spare is present.\n" | |
84e11361 N |
533 | " --array-size= -Z : Change visible size of array. This does not change\n" |
534 | " : any data on the device, and is not stable across restarts.\n" | |
dd0781e5 | 535 | ; |
e0d19036 | 536 | |
8382f19b NB |
537 | char Help_incr[] = |
538 | "Usage: mdadm --incremental [-Rqrs] device\n" | |
539 | "\n" | |
540 | "This usage allows for incremental assembly of md arrays. Devices can be\n" | |
541 | "added one at a time as they are discovered. Once an array has all expected\n" | |
542 | "devices, it will be started.\n" | |
543 | "\n" | |
544 | "Options that are valid with incremental assembly (-I --incremental) more are:\n" | |
545 | " --run -R : run arrays as soon as a minimal number of devices are\n" | |
546 | " : present rather than waiting for all expected.\n" | |
547 | " --quiet -q : Don't print any information messages, just errors.\n" | |
548 | " --rebuild -r : Rebuild the 'map' file that mdadm uses for tracking\n" | |
549 | " : partial arrays.\n" | |
550 | " --scan -s : Use with -R to start any arrays that have the minimal\n" | |
551 | " : required number of devices, but are not yet started.\n" | |
552 | ; | |
e0d19036 NB |
553 | |
554 | char Help_config[] = | |
555 | "The /etc/mdadm.conf config file:\n\n" | |
556 | " The config file contains, apart from blank lines and comment lines that\n" | |
557 | " start with a hash(#), four sorts of configuration lines: array lines, \n" | |
558 | " device lines, mailaddr lines and program lines.\n" | |
559 | " Each configuration line is constructed of a number of space separated\n" | |
560 | " words, and can be continued on subsequent physical lines by indenting\n" | |
561 | " those lines.\n" | |
562 | "\n" | |
563 | " A device line starts with the word 'device' and then has a number of words\n" | |
564 | " which identify devices. These words should be names of devices in the\n" | |
565 | " filesystem, and can contain wildcards. There can be multiple words or each\n" | |
566 | " device line, and multiple device lines. All devices so listed are checked\n" | |
567 | " for relevant super blocks when assembling arrays.\n" | |
568 | "\n" | |
569 | " An array line start with the word 'array'. This is followed by the name of\n" | |
570 | " the array device in the filesystem, e.g. '/dev/md2'. Subsequent words\n" | |
571 | " describe the identity of the array, used to recognise devices to include in the\n" | |
572 | " array. The identity can be given as a UUID with a word starting 'uuid=', or\n" | |
573 | " as a minor-number stored in the superblock using 'super-minor=', or as a list\n" | |
574 | " of devices. This is given as a comma separated list of names, possibly\n" | |
5787fa49 | 575 | " containing wildcards, preceded by 'devices='. If multiple critea are given,\n" |
e0d19036 NB |
576 | " than a device must match all of them to be considered.\n" |
577 | "\n" | |
578 | " A mailaddr line starts with the word 'mailaddr' and should contain exactly\n" | |
579 | " one Email address. 'mdadm --monitor --scan' will send alerts of failed drives\n" | |
580 | " to this Email address." | |
581 | "\n" | |
582 | " A program line starts with the word 'program' and should contain exactly\n" | |
583 | " one program name. 'mdadm --monitor --scan' will run this program when any\n" | |
584 | " event is detected.\n" | |
64c4757e NB |
585 | "\n" |
586 | ; | |
682c7051 NB |
587 | |
588 | ||
589 | /* name/number mappings */ | |
590 | ||
591 | mapping_t r5layout[] = { | |
b640a252 N |
592 | { "left-asymmetric", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC}, |
593 | { "right-asymmetric", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
594 | { "left-symmetric", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
595 | { "right-symmetric", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
596 | ||
597 | { "default", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
598 | { "la", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
599 | { "ra", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
600 | { "ls", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
601 | { "rs", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
602 | ||
603 | { "parity-first", ALGORITHM_PARITY_0}, | |
604 | { "parity-last", ALGORITHM_PARITY_N}, | |
605 | { "ddf-zero-restart", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
606 | { "ddf-N-restart", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
607 | { "ddf-N-continue", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
608 | ||
609 | { NULL, 0} | |
610 | }; | |
611 | mapping_t r6layout[] = { | |
612 | { "left-asymmetric", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
613 | { "right-asymmetric", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
614 | { "left-symmetric", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
615 | { "right-symmetric", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
616 | ||
617 | { "default", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
618 | { "la", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
619 | { "ra", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC}, | |
620 | { "ls", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
621 | { "rs", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC}, | |
622 | ||
623 | { "parity-first", ALGORITHM_PARITY_0}, | |
624 | { "parity-last", ALGORITHM_PARITY_N}, | |
625 | { "ddf-zero-restart", ALGORITHM_ROTATING_ZERO_RESTART}, | |
626 | { "ddf-N-restart", ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_RESTART}, | |
627 | { "ddf-N-continue", ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_CONTINUE}, | |
628 | ||
629 | { "left-asymmetric-6", ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC_6}, | |
630 | { "right-asymmetric-6", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC_6}, | |
631 | { "left-symmetric-6", ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC_6}, | |
632 | { "right-symmetric-6", ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC_6}, | |
633 | { "parity-first-6", ALGORITHM_PARITY_0_6}, | |
634 | ||
682c7051 NB |
635 | { NULL, 0} |
636 | }; | |
637 | ||
638 | mapping_t pers[] = { | |
570510ba | 639 | { "linear", LEVEL_LINEAR}, |
682c7051 NB |
640 | { "raid0", 0}, |
641 | { "0", 0}, | |
642 | { "stripe", 0}, | |
643 | { "raid1", 1}, | |
644 | { "1", 1}, | |
645 | { "mirror", 1}, | |
646 | { "raid4", 4}, | |
647 | { "4", 4}, | |
648 | { "raid5", 5}, | |
649 | { "5", 5}, | |
570510ba NB |
650 | { "multipath", LEVEL_MULTIPATH}, |
651 | { "mp", LEVEL_MULTIPATH}, | |
98c6faba NB |
652 | { "raid6", 6}, |
653 | { "6", 6}, | |
e5329c37 NB |
654 | { "raid10", 10}, |
655 | { "10", 10}, | |
570510ba | 656 | { "faulty", LEVEL_FAULTY}, |
17f25ca6 | 657 | { "container", LEVEL_CONTAINER}, |
682c7051 NB |
658 | { NULL, 0} |
659 | }; | |
e0d19036 NB |
660 | |
661 | ||
662 | mapping_t modes[] = { | |
663 | { "assemble", ASSEMBLE}, | |
664 | { "build", BUILD}, | |
665 | { "create", CREATE}, | |
666 | { "manage", MANAGE}, | |
667 | { "misc", MISC}, | |
668 | { "monitor", MONITOR}, | |
dd0781e5 | 669 | { "grow", GROW}, |
8382f19b | 670 | { "incremental", INCREMENTAL}, |
1f48664b | 671 | { "auto-detect", AUTODETECT}, |
e0d19036 | 672 | }; |
b5e64645 NB |
673 | |
674 | mapping_t faultylayout[] = { | |
675 | { "write-transient", WriteTransient }, | |
676 | { "wt", WriteTransient }, | |
677 | { "read-transient", ReadTransient }, | |
678 | { "rt", ReadTransient }, | |
679 | { "write-persistent", WritePersistent }, | |
680 | { "wp", WritePersistent }, | |
681 | { "read-persistent", ReadPersistent }, | |
682 | { "rp", ReadPersistent }, | |
683 | { "write-all", WriteAll }, | |
684 | { "wa", WriteAll }, | |
685 | { "read-fixable", ReadFixable }, | |
686 | { "rf", ReadFixable }, | |
687 | ||
688 | { "clear", ClearErrors}, | |
689 | { "flush", ClearFaults}, | |
690 | { "none", ClearErrors}, | |
691 | { "default", ClearErrors}, | |
692 | { NULL, 0} | |
693 | }; |