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514094f9 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> |
3a54a157 | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
eea10b26 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"> |
db9ecf05 | 4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> |
b5a8703f | 5 | |
1ec57f33 | 6 | <refentry id="dnssec-trust-anchors.d" conditional='ENABLE_RESOLVE' |
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7 | xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
8 | <refentryinfo> | |
9 | <title>dnssec-trust-anchors.d</title> | |
10 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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11 | </refentryinfo> |
12 | ||
13 | <refmeta> | |
14 | <refentrytitle>dnssec-trust-anchors.d</refentrytitle> | |
15 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
16 | </refmeta> | |
17 | ||
18 | <refnamediv> | |
19 | <refname>dnssec-trust-anchors.d</refname> | |
20 | <refname>systemd.positive</refname> | |
21 | <refname>systemd.negative</refname> | |
22 | <refpurpose>DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files</refpurpose> | |
23 | </refnamediv> | |
24 | ||
25 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
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26 | <para><simplelist> |
27 | <member><filename>/etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive</filename></member> | |
28 | <member><filename>/run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive</filename></member> | |
29 | <member><filename>/usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive</filename></member> | |
30 | <member><filename>/etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative</filename></member> | |
31 | <member><filename>/run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative</filename></member> | |
32 | <member><filename>/usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative</filename></member> | |
33 | </simplelist></para> | |
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34 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
35 | ||
36 | <refsect1> | |
37 | <title>Description</title> | |
38 | ||
39 | <para>The DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files define positive | |
40 | and negative trust anchors | |
41 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
42 | bases DNSSEC integrity proofs on.</para> | |
43 | </refsect1> | |
44 | ||
45 | <refsect1> | |
46 | <title>Positive Trust Anchors</title> | |
47 | ||
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48 | <para>Positive trust anchor configuration files contain <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> and |
49 | <constant class='dns'>DS</constant> resource record definitions to use as base for DNSSEC integrity | |
50 | proofs. See <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4035#section-4.4">RFC 4035, Section 4.4</ulink> | |
51 | for more information about DNSSEC trust anchors.</para> | |
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52 | |
53 | <para>Positive trust anchors are read from files with the suffix | |
54 | <filename>.positive</filename> located in | |
55 | <filename>/etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename>, | |
56 | <filename>/run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename> and | |
57 | <filename>/usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename>. These | |
58 | directories are searched in the specified order, and a trust | |
59 | anchor file of the same name in an earlier path overrides a trust | |
60 | anchor files in a later path. To disable a trust anchor file | |
61 | shipped in <filename>/usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename> | |
62 | it is sufficient to provide an identically-named file in | |
63 | <filename>/etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename> or | |
64 | <filename>/run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/</filename> that is either | |
65 | empty or a symlink to <filename>/dev/null</filename> ("masked").</para> | |
66 | ||
0b497bc4 | 67 | <para>Positive trust anchor files are simple text files resembling DNS zone files, as documented in |
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68 | <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-5">RFC 1035, Section 5</ulink>. One <constant |
69 | class='dns'>DS</constant> or <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> resource record may be listed per | |
70 | line. Empty lines and lines starting with <literal>#</literal> or <literal>;</literal> are ignored, which | |
c68c87d0 | 71 | may be used for commenting. A <constant class='dns'>DS</constant> resource record is specified like in the |
9a024bf1 | 72 | following example:</para> |
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73 | |
74 | <programlisting>. IN DS 19036 8 2 49aac11d7b6f6446702e54a1607371607a1a41855200fd2ce1cdde32f24e8fb5</programlisting> | |
75 | ||
76 | <para>The first word specifies the domain, use | |
77 | <literal>.</literal> for the root domain. The domain may be | |
78 | specified with or without trailing dot, which is considered | |
79 | equivalent. The second word must be <literal>IN</literal> the | |
80 | third word <literal>DS</literal>. The following words specify the | |
81 | key tag, signature algorithm, digest algorithm, followed by the | |
82 | hex-encoded key fingerprint. See <ulink | |
83 | url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-5">RFC 4034, | |
84 | Section 5</ulink> for details about the precise syntax and meaning | |
85 | of these fields.</para> | |
86 | ||
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87 | <para>Alternatively, <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> resource records may be used to define trust |
88 | anchors, like in the following example:</para> | |
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89 | |
90 | <programlisting>. IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 AwEAAagAIKlVZrpC6Ia7gEzahOR+9W29euxhJhVVLOyQbSEW0O8gcCjFFVQUTf6v58fLjwBd0YI0EzrAcQqBGCzh/RStIoO8g0NfnfL2MTJRkxoXbfDaUeVPQuYEhg37NZWAJQ9VnMVDxP/VHL496M/QZxkjf5/Efucp2gaDX6RS6CXpoY68LsvPVjR0ZSwzz1apAzvN9dlzEheX7ICJBBtuA6G3LQpzW5hOA2hzCTMjJPJ8LbqF6dsV6DoBQzgul0sGIcGOYl7OyQdXfZ57relSQageu+ipAdTTJ25AsRTAoub8ONGcLmqrAmRLKBP1dfwhYB4N7knNnulqQxA+Uk1ihz0=</programlisting> | |
91 | ||
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92 | <para>The first word specifies the domain again, the second word must be <literal>IN</literal>, followed |
93 | by <literal>DNSKEY</literal>. The subsequent words encode the <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> | |
94 | flags, protocol and algorithm fields, followed by the key data encoded in Base64. See <ulink | |
95 | url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-2">RFC 4034, Section 2</ulink> for details about the | |
96 | precise syntax and meaning of these fields.</para> | |
b5a8703f | 97 | |
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98 | <para>If multiple <constant class='dns'>DS</constant> or <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> records |
99 | are defined for the same domain (possibly even in different trust anchor files), all keys are used and | |
100 | are considered equivalent as base for DNSSEC proofs.</para> | |
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101 | |
102 | <para>Note that <filename>systemd-resolved</filename> will | |
103 | automatically use a built-in trust anchor key for the Internet | |
104 | root domain if no positive trust anchors are defined for the root | |
105 | domain. In most cases it is hence unnecessary to define an | |
106 | explicit key with trust anchor files. The built-in key is disabled | |
107 | as soon as at least one trust anchor key for the root domain is | |
108 | defined in trust anchor files.</para> | |
109 | ||
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110 | <para>It is generally recommended to encode trust anchors in <constant class='dns'>DS</constant> resource |
111 | records, rather than <constant class='dns'>DNSKEY</constant> resource records.</para> | |
112 | ||
113 | <para>If a trust anchor specified via a <constant class='dns'>DS</constant> record is found revoked it is | |
114 | automatically removed from the trust anchor database for the runtime. See <ulink | |
115 | url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5011">RFC 5011</ulink> for details about revoked trust anchors. Note | |
116 | that <filename>systemd-resolved</filename> will not update its trust anchor database from DNS servers | |
117 | automatically. Instead, it is recommended to update the resolver software or update the new trust anchor | |
118 | via adding in new trust anchor files.</para> | |
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119 | |
120 | <para>The current DNSSEC trust anchor for the Internet's root | |
b8e1d4d1 | 121 | domain is available at the <ulink |
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122 | url="https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml">IANA |
123 | Trust Anchor and Keys</ulink> page.</para> | |
124 | </refsect1> | |
125 | ||
126 | <refsect1> | |
127 | <title>Negative Trust Anchors</title> | |
128 | ||
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129 | <para>Negative trust anchors define domains where DNSSEC validation shall be turned |
130 | off. Negative trust anchor files are found at the same location as positive trust anchor files, | |
131 | and follow the same overriding rules. They are text files with the | |
132 | <filename>.negative</filename> suffix. Empty lines and lines whose first character is | |
133 | <literal>;</literal> are ignored. Each line specifies one domain name which is the root of a DNS | |
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134 | subtree where validation shall be disabled. For example:</para> |
135 | ||
136 | <programlisting># Reverse IPv4 mappings | |
137 | 10.in-addr.arpa | |
138 | 16.172.in-addr.arpa | |
139 | 168.192.in-addr.arpa | |
140 | ... | |
141 | # Some custom domains | |
142 | prod | |
143 | stag | |
144 | </programlisting> | |
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145 | |
146 | <para>Negative trust anchors are useful to support private DNS | |
147 | subtrees that are not referenced from the Internet DNS hierarchy, | |
148 | and not signed.</para> | |
149 | ||
150 | <para><ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7646">RFC | |
151 | 7646</ulink> for details on negative trust anchors.</para> | |
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152 | |
153 | <para>If no negative trust anchor files are configured a built-in | |
154 | set of well-known private DNS zone domains is used as negative | |
155 | trust anchors.</para> | |
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156 | |
157 | <para>It is also possibly to define per-interface negative trust | |
158 | anchors using the <varname>DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors=</varname> | |
159 | setting in | |
160 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
161 | files.</para> | |
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162 | </refsect1> |
163 | ||
164 | <refsect1> | |
165 | <title>See Also</title> | |
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166 | <para><simplelist type="inline"> |
167 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
168 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
169 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
170 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
171 | </simplelist></para> | |
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172 | </refsect1> |
173 | ||
174 | </refentry> |