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c66e7bc7 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> |
3a54a157 | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
12b42c76 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> |
db9ecf05 | 4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> |
c66e7bc7 | 5 | |
4623eecb | 6 | <refentry id="kernel-command-line" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
c66e7bc7 | 7 | |
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8 | <refentryinfo> |
9 | <title>kernel-command-line</title> | |
10 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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11 | </refentryinfo> |
12 | ||
13 | <refmeta> | |
14 | <refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle> | |
15 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum> | |
16 | </refmeta> | |
17 | ||
18 | <refnamediv> | |
19 | <refname>kernel-command-line</refname> | |
20 | <refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose> | |
21 | </refnamediv> | |
22 | ||
23 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
24 | <para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para> | |
25 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
26 | ||
27 | <refsect1> | |
28 | <title>Description</title> | |
29 | ||
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30 | <para>The kernel, the programs running in the initrd and in the host system may be configured at boot via |
31 | kernel command line arguments. In addition, various systemd tools look at the EFI variable | |
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32 | <literal>SystemdOptions</literal> (if available). Both sources are combined, but the kernel command line |
33 | has higher priority. Please note that <emphasis>the EFI variable is only used by systemd tools, and is | |
34 | ignored by the kernel and other user space tools</emphasis>, so it is not a replacement for the kernel | |
35 | command line.</para> | |
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36 | |
37 | <para>For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please | |
ab1f7245 | 38 | see |
0e685823 | 39 | <ulink url="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html"><filename>kernel-parameters.html</filename></ulink> |
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40 | and |
41 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
42 | ||
b66a6e1a | 43 | <para>For command line parameters understood by the initrd, see |
af105d03 | 44 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
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45 | or the documentation of the specific initrd implementation of your |
46 | installation.</para> | |
47 | </refsect1> | |
48 | ||
49 | <refsect1> | |
50 | <title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title> | |
51 | ||
52 | <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'> | |
53 | <varlistentry> | |
54 | <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term> | |
55 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term> | |
770c4777 | 56 | <term><varname>systemd.dump_core</varname></term> |
c6885f5f | 57 | <term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term> |
770c4777 ZJS |
58 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt</varname></term> |
59 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell</varname></term> | |
60 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_reboot</varname></term> | |
61 | <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn</varname></term> | |
2a12e32e | 62 | <term><varname>systemd.service_watchdogs</varname></term> |
770c4777 | 63 | <term><varname>systemd.show_status</varname></term> |
36cf4507 | 64 | <term><varname>systemd.status_unit_format=</varname></term> |
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65 | <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term> |
66 | <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 | 67 | <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term> |
770c4777 | 68 | <term><varname>systemd.log_color</varname></term> |
8750a06b | 69 | <term><varname>systemd.log_ratelimit_kmsg</varname></term> |
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70 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term> |
71 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term> | |
72 | <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term> | |
ee48dbd5 | 73 | <term><varname>systemd.machine_id=</varname></term> |
72267a55 | 74 | <term><varname>systemd.set_credential=</varname></term> |
de70ecb3 | 75 | <term><varname>systemd.set_credential_binary=</varname></term> |
72267a55 | 76 | <term><varname>systemd.import_credentials=</varname></term> |
856bfaeb LB |
77 | <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_interval_sec=</varname></term> |
78 | <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_burst=</varname></term> | |
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79 | <listitem> |
80 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
81 | manager to control system behavior. For details, see | |
82 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
83 | |
84 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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85 | </listitem> |
86 | </varlistentry> | |
87 | ||
88 | <varlistentry> | |
89 | <term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term> | |
90 | <term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term> | |
1d84ad94 | 91 | <term><varname>systemd.debug_shell</varname></term> |
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92 | <listitem> |
93 | <para>Additional parameters understood by | |
94 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
95 | to mask or start specific units at boot, or invoke a debug | |
96 | shell on tty9.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
97 | |
98 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
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99 | </listitem> |
100 | </varlistentry> | |
101 | ||
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102 | <varlistentry> |
103 | <term><varname>systemd.run=</varname></term> | |
104 | <term><varname>systemd.run_success_action=</varname></term> | |
105 | <term><varname>systemd.run_failure_action=</varname></term> | |
106 | <listitem> | |
107 | <para>Additional parameters understood by | |
108 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, to | |
109 | run a command line specified on the kernel command line as system service after booting up.</para> | |
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110 | |
111 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/> | |
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112 | </listitem> |
113 | </varlistentry> | |
114 | ||
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115 | <varlistentry> |
116 | <term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term> | |
117 | <listitem> | |
118 | <para>During early boot, the generation of core dump files is disabled until a core dump handler (if any) | |
11fcfc53 | 119 | takes over. This parameter allows specifying an absolute path where core dump files should be stored until |
c6885f5f | 120 | a handler is installed. The path should be absolute and may contain specifiers, see |
b7a47345 | 121 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>core</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.</para> |
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122 | |
123 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/> | |
c6885f5f FB |
124 | </listitem> |
125 | </varlistentry> | |
126 | ||
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127 | <varlistentry> |
128 | <term><varname>systemd.restore_state=</varname></term> | |
129 | <listitem> | |
130 | <para>This parameter is understood by several system tools | |
131 | to control whether or not they should restore system state | |
132 | from the previous boot. For details, see | |
133 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
134 | and | |
af105d03 | 135 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
798d3a52 | 136 | </para> |
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137 | |
138 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/> | |
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139 | </listitem> |
140 | </varlistentry> | |
141 | ||
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142 | <varlistentry> |
143 | <term><varname>systemd.volatile=</varname></term> | |
144 | <listitem> | |
145 | <para>This parameter controls whether the system shall boot up in volatile mode. Takes a boolean argument, or | |
146 | the special value <literal>state</literal>. If false (the default), normal boot mode is selected, the root | |
3b121157 | 147 | directory and <filename>/var/</filename> are mounted as specified on the kernel command line or |
91214a37 LP |
148 | <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or otherwise configured. If true, full state-less boot mode is selected. In |
149 | this case the root directory is mounted as volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), and only | |
3b121157 | 150 | <filename>/usr/</filename> is mounted from the file system configured as root device, in read-only mode. This |
91214a37 | 151 | enables fully state-less boots were the vendor-supplied OS is used as shipped, with only default |
3b121157 | 152 | configuration and no stored state in effect, as <filename>/etc/</filename> and <filename>/var/</filename> (as |
91214a37 | 153 | well as all other resources shipped in the root file system) are reset at boot and lost on shutdown. If this |
13070a70 | 154 | setting is set to <literal>state</literal> the root file system is mounted read-only, however |
3b121157 | 155 | <filename>/var/</filename> is mounted as a volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), so that the |
13070a70 LP |
156 | system boots up with the normal configuration applied, but all state reset at boot and lost at shutdown. If |
157 | this setting is set to <literal>overlay</literal> the root file system is set up as | |
158 | <literal>overlayfs</literal> mount combining the read-only root directory with a writable | |
159 | <literal>tmpfs</literal>, so that no modifications are made to disk, but the file system may be modified | |
160 | nonetheless with all changes being lost at reboot. For details, see | |
91214a37 LP |
161 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
162 | and | |
163 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
164 | |
165 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/> | |
91214a37 LP |
166 | </listitem> |
167 | </varlistentry> | |
168 | ||
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169 | <varlistentry> |
170 | <term><varname>quiet</varname></term> | |
171 | <listitem> | |
172 | <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system | |
173 | and service manager to control console log verbosity. For | |
174 | details, see | |
175 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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176 | |
177 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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178 | </listitem> |
179 | </varlistentry> | |
180 | ||
181 | <varlistentry> | |
182 | <term><varname>debug</varname></term> | |
183 | <listitem> | |
184 | <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system | |
185 | and service manager to control console log verbosity. For | |
186 | details, see | |
187 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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188 | |
189 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v205"/> | |
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190 | </listitem> |
191 | </varlistentry> | |
192 | ||
193 | <varlistentry> | |
194 | <term><varname>-b</varname></term> | |
dcd61450 | 195 | <term><varname>rd.emergency</varname></term> |
798d3a52 | 196 | <term><varname>emergency</varname></term> |
dcd61450 | 197 | <term><varname>rd.rescue</varname></term> |
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198 | <term><varname>rescue</varname></term> |
199 | <term><varname>single</varname></term> | |
200 | <term><varname>s</varname></term> | |
201 | <term><varname>S</varname></term> | |
202 | <term><varname>1</varname></term> | |
203 | <term><varname>2</varname></term> | |
204 | <term><varname>3</varname></term> | |
205 | <term><varname>4</varname></term> | |
206 | <term><varname>5</varname></term> | |
207 | <listitem> | |
208 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
dcd61450 | 209 | manager, as compatibility and convenience options. For details, see |
798d3a52 | 210 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
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211 | |
212 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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213 | </listitem> |
214 | </varlistentry> | |
215 | ||
216 | <varlistentry> | |
217 | <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term> | |
218 | <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term> | |
219 | <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term> | |
220 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term> | |
221 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term> | |
222 | <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term> | |
223 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term> | |
224 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term> | |
225 | <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term> | |
226 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term> | |
227 | <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term> | |
228 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term> | |
229 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term> | |
230 | <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term> | |
231 | <listitem> | |
232 | <para>Parameters understood by the system and service | |
233 | manager to control locale and language settings. For | |
234 | details, see | |
235 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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236 | |
237 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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238 | </listitem> |
239 | </varlistentry> | |
240 | ||
241 | <varlistentry> | |
242 | <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term> | |
243 | <term><varname>fsck.repair=</varname></term> | |
244 | ||
245 | <listitem> | |
246 | <para>Parameters understood by the file system checker | |
247 | services. For details, see | |
248 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
249 | |
250 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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251 | </listitem> |
252 | </varlistentry> | |
253 | ||
254 | <varlistentry> | |
255 | <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term> | |
256 | ||
257 | <listitem> | |
258 | <para>Parameter understood by the file quota checker | |
259 | service. For details, see | |
260 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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261 | |
262 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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263 | </listitem> |
264 | </varlistentry> | |
265 | ||
266 | <varlistentry> | |
267 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term> | |
268 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term> | |
269 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term> | |
270 | <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=</varname></term> | |
271 | ||
272 | <listitem> | |
273 | <para>Parameters understood by the journal service. For | |
274 | details, see | |
275 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
276 | |
277 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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278 | </listitem> |
279 | </varlistentry> | |
280 | ||
281 | <varlistentry> | |
282 | <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term> | |
72ccee50 | 283 | <term><varname>vconsole.keymap_toggle=</varname></term> |
798d3a52 | 284 | <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term> |
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285 | <term><varname>vconsole.font_map=</varname></term> |
286 | <term><varname>vconsole.font_unimap=</varname></term> | |
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287 | |
288 | <listitem> | |
72ccee50 ZJS |
289 | <para>Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see |
290 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
291 | |
292 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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293 | </listitem> |
294 | </varlistentry> | |
295 | ||
296 | <varlistentry> | |
64a3494c FB |
297 | <term><varname>udev.log_level=</varname></term> |
298 | <term><varname>rd.udev.log_level=</varname></term> | |
1d84ad94 LP |
299 | <term><varname>udev.children_max=</varname></term> |
300 | <term><varname>rd.udev.children_max=</varname></term> | |
301 | <term><varname>udev.exec_delay=</varname></term> | |
302 | <term><varname>rd.udev.exec_delay=</varname></term> | |
303 | <term><varname>udev.event_timeout=</varname></term> | |
304 | <term><varname>rd.udev.event_timeout=</varname></term> | |
e2099267 MS |
305 | <term><varname>udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term> |
306 | <term><varname>rd.udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term> | |
95ac5230 LP |
307 | <term><varname>udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term> |
308 | <term><varname>rd.udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 | 309 | <term><varname>net.ifnames=</varname></term> |
f7e81fd9 | 310 | <term><varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname></term> |
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311 | |
312 | <listitem> | |
313 | <para>Parameters understood by the device event managing | |
314 | daemon. For details, see | |
315 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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316 | |
317 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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318 | </listitem> |
319 | </varlistentry> | |
320 | ||
321 | <varlistentry> | |
322 | <term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term> | |
323 | ||
324 | <listitem> | |
325 | <para>May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For | |
326 | details, see | |
327 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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328 | |
329 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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330 | </listitem> |
331 | </varlistentry> | |
332 | ||
333 | <varlistentry> | |
334 | <term><varname>luks=</varname></term> | |
335 | <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term> | |
336 | <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term> | |
337 | <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term> | |
338 | <term><varname>luks.name=</varname></term> | |
339 | <term><varname>rd.luks.name=</varname></term> | |
340 | <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term> | |
341 | <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term> | |
342 | <term><varname>luks.options=</varname></term> | |
343 | <term><varname>rd.luks.options=</varname></term> | |
344 | <term><varname>luks.key=</varname></term> | |
345 | <term><varname>rd.luks.key=</varname></term> | |
346 | ||
347 | <listitem> | |
348 | <para>Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at | |
349 | boot. For details, see | |
350 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
351 | |
352 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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353 | </listitem> |
354 | </varlistentry> | |
355 | ||
356 | <varlistentry> | |
357 | <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term> | |
358 | <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term> | |
359 | ||
360 | <listitem> | |
361 | <para>Configures the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> logic | |
362 | at boot. For details, see | |
363 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
364 | |
365 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/> | |
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366 | </listitem> |
367 | </varlistentry> | |
368 | ||
369 | <varlistentry> | |
370 | <term><varname>root=</varname></term> | |
371 | <term><varname>rootfstype=</varname></term> | |
d6a12e7c | 372 | <term><varname>rootflags=</varname></term> |
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373 | <term><varname>ro</varname></term> |
374 | <term><varname>rw</varname></term> | |
375 | ||
376 | <listitem> | |
cf451f38 LP |
377 | <para>Configures the root file system and its file system type and mount options, as well as |
378 | whether it shall be mounted read-only or read-write initially. For details, see | |
798d3a52 | 379 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
cf451f38 LP |
380 | |
381 | <para>If <varname>root=</varname> is not set (or set to <literal>gpt-auto</literal>) the automatic | |
382 | root partition discovery implemented by | |
383 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
384 | will be in effect. In this case <varname>rootfstype=</varname>, <varname>rootflags=</varname>, | |
385 | <varname>ro</varname>, <varname>rw</varname> will be interpreted by | |
386 | <command>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</command>.</para> | |
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387 | |
388 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
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389 | </listitem> |
390 | </varlistentry> | |
391 | ||
6dfcea32 TH |
392 | <varlistentry> |
393 | <term><varname>mount.usr=</varname></term> | |
394 | <term><varname>mount.usrfstype=</varname></term> | |
395 | <term><varname>mount.usrflags=</varname></term> | |
396 | ||
397 | <listitem> | |
398 | <para>Configures the /usr file system (if required) and | |
399 | its file system type and mount options. For details, see | |
400 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
401 | |
402 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v235"/> | |
6dfcea32 TH |
403 | </listitem> |
404 | </varlistentry> | |
405 | ||
2f3dfc6f | 406 | <varlistentry> |
08b04ec7 GP |
407 | <term><varname>veritytab=</varname></term> |
408 | <term><varname>rd.veritytab=</varname></term> | |
2f3dfc6f LP |
409 | <term><varname>roothash=</varname></term> |
410 | <term><varname>systemd.verity=</varname></term> | |
411 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.verity=</varname></term> | |
412 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_data=</varname></term> | |
413 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_hash=</varname></term> | |
0141102f | 414 | <term><varname>systemd.verity.root_options=</varname></term> |
e5196eee MB |
415 | <term><varname>usrhash=</varname></term> |
416 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_data=</varname></term> | |
417 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_hash=</varname></term> | |
418 | <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_options=</varname></term> | |
2f3dfc6f | 419 | <listitem> |
e5196eee | 420 | <para>Configures the integrity protection root hash for the root and <filename>/usr</filename> file systems, and other related |
2f3dfc6f LP |
421 | parameters. For details, see |
422 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
423 | |
424 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/> | |
2f3dfc6f LP |
425 | </listitem> |
426 | </varlistentry> | |
427 | ||
21d00e52 LB |
428 | <varlistentry> |
429 | <term><varname>systemd.getty_auto=</varname></term> | |
430 | ||
431 | <listitem> | |
432 | <para>Configures whether the <filename>serial-getty@.service</filename> will run. | |
433 | For details, see | |
434 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
435 | |
436 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/> | |
21d00e52 LB |
437 | </listitem> |
438 | </varlistentry> | |
439 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
440 | <varlistentry> |
441 | <term><varname>systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term> | |
442 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term> | |
443 | ||
444 | <listitem> | |
9ea81191 | 445 | <para>Configures whether GPT-based partition auto-discovery shall be attempted. For details, see |
798d3a52 | 446 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
447 | |
448 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
449 | </listitem> |
450 | </varlistentry> | |
451 | ||
9ea81191 LP |
452 | <varlistentry> |
453 | <term><varname>systemd.image_policy=</varname></term> | |
454 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.image_policy=</varname></term> | |
455 | ||
456 | <listitem><para>When GPT-based partition auto-discovery is used, configures the image dissection | |
457 | policy string to apply, as per | |
458 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.image-policy</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For | |
459 | details see | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
460 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
461 | ||
462 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
9ea81191 LP |
463 | </varlistentry> |
464 | ||
959718c6 TB |
465 | <varlistentry> |
466 | <term><varname>systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=</varname></term> | |
467 | ||
468 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 469 | <para>Overrides the default start job timeout <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> at |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
470 | boot. For details, see |
471 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
472 | |
473 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/> | |
c75396c3 EJ |
474 | </listitem> |
475 | </varlistentry> | |
476 | ||
6b818cd7 DDM |
477 | <varlistentry> |
478 | <term><varname>systemd.default_device_timeout_sec=</varname></term> | |
479 | ||
480 | <listitem> | |
481 | <para>Overrides the default device timeout <varname>DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec=</varname> at boot. For | |
482 | details, see | |
483 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
484 | |
485 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/> | |
6b818cd7 DDM |
486 | </listitem> |
487 | </varlistentry> | |
488 | ||
c75396c3 EJ |
489 | <varlistentry> |
490 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_device=</varname></term> | |
491 | ||
492 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 493 | <para>Overrides the watchdog device path <varname>WatchdogDevice=</varname>. For details, see |
9c5ea4b1 | 494 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
495 | |
496 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/> | |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
497 | </listitem> |
498 | </varlistentry> | |
499 | ||
500 | <varlistentry> | |
501 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_sec=</varname></term> | |
502 | ||
503 | <listitem> | |
ba669952 | 504 | <para>Overrides the watchdog timeout settings otherwise configured with |
9c5ea4b1 LP |
505 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdog=</varname>, <varname>RebootWatchdog=</varname> and |
506 | <varname>KExecWatchdogSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the | |
507 | implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or | |
508 | <literal>default</literal>. For details, see | |
c75396c3 | 509 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
510 | |
511 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/> | |
959718c6 TB |
512 | </listitem> |
513 | </varlistentry> | |
514 | ||
5717062e CK |
515 | <varlistentry> |
516 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pre_sec=</varname></term> | |
517 | ||
518 | <listitem> | |
519 | <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with | |
520 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the | |
521 | implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or | |
522 | <literal>default</literal>. For details, see | |
523 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
524 | |
525 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/> | |
5717062e CK |
526 | </listitem> |
527 | </varlistentry> | |
528 | ||
aff3a9e1 LB |
529 | <varlistentry> |
530 | <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pretimeout_governor=</varname></term> | |
531 | ||
532 | <listitem> | |
533 | <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with | |
534 | <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreGovernor=</varname>. Takes a string value. For details, see | |
535 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
536 | |
537 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/> | |
aff3a9e1 LB |
538 | </listitem> |
539 | </varlistentry> | |
540 | ||
68d58f38 LP |
541 | <varlistentry> |
542 | <term><varname>systemd.cpu_affinity=</varname></term> | |
543 | ||
544 | <listitem> | |
545 | <para>Overrides the CPU affinity mask for the service manager and the default for all child | |
546 | processes it forks. This takes precedence over <varname>CPUAffinity=</varname>, see | |
547 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
548 | for details.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
549 | |
550 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/> | |
68d58f38 LP |
551 | </listitem> |
552 | </varlistentry> | |
553 | ||
798d3a52 | 554 | <varlistentry> |
1d84ad94 LP |
555 | <term><varname>modules_load=</varname></term> |
556 | <term><varname>rd.modules_load=</varname></term> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
557 | |
558 | <listitem> | |
559 | <para>Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For | |
560 | details, see | |
561 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 | 562 | |
aefdc112 | 563 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v187"/> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
564 | </listitem> |
565 | </varlistentry> | |
566 | ||
116687f2 LP |
567 | <varlistentry> |
568 | <term><varname>nameserver=</varname></term> | |
569 | <term><varname>domain=</varname></term> | |
570 | ||
571 | <listitem><para>Configures DNS server information and search domains, see | |
572 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
573 | for details.</para> |
574 | ||
575 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem> | |
116687f2 LP |
576 | </varlistentry> |
577 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
578 | <varlistentry> |
579 | <term><varname>resume=</varname></term> | |
8b6805a2 | 580 | <term><varname>resumeflags=</varname></term> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
581 | |
582 | <listitem> | |
583 | <para>Enables resume from hibernation using the specified | |
8b6805a2 | 584 | device and mount options. All |
3ba3a79d | 585 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>-like |
798d3a52 ZJS |
586 | paths are supported. For details, see |
587 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
aefdc112 AK |
588 | |
589 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v217"/> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
590 | </listitem> |
591 | </varlistentry> | |
f582cbca LP |
592 | |
593 | <varlistentry> | |
594 | <term><varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname></term> | |
595 | ||
596 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off, | |
597 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
814872e9 LP |
598 | will not query the user for basic system settings, even if the system boots up for the first time and |
599 | the relevant settings are not initialized yet. Not to be confused with | |
600 | <varname>systemd.condition-first-boot=</varname> (see below), which overrides the result of the | |
601 | <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit file condition, and thus controls more than just | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
602 | <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> behaviour.</para> |
603 | ||
604 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem> | |
f582cbca | 605 | </varlistentry> |
f8b4ae29 LP |
606 | |
607 | <varlistentry> | |
608 | <term><varname>systemd.condition-needs-update=</varname></term> | |
609 | ||
610 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of | |
611 | <varname>ConditionNeedsUpdate=</varname> unit condition checks. See | |
612 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
613 | details.</para> |
614 | ||
615 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
f8b4ae29 | 616 | </varlistentry> |
814872e9 LP |
617 | |
618 | <varlistentry> | |
619 | <term><varname>systemd.condition-first-boot=</varname></term> | |
620 | ||
621 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of | |
622 | <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit condition checks. See | |
623 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
624 | details. Not to be confused with <varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname> which only controls behaviour | |
625 | of the <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> system service but has no effect on the | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
626 | condition check (see above).</para> |
627 | ||
628 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
814872e9 | 629 | </varlistentry> |
3753325b LP |
630 | |
631 | <varlistentry> | |
632 | <term><varname>systemd.clock-usec=</varname></term> | |
633 | ||
e503019b | 634 | <listitem><para>Takes a decimal, numeric timestamp in μs since January 1st 1970, 00:00am, to set the |
18d9cee0 | 635 | system clock to. The system time is set to the specified timestamp early during boot. It is not |
ec07c3c8 AK |
636 | propagated to the hardware clock (RTC).</para> |
637 | ||
638 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
18d9cee0 LP |
639 | </varlistentry> |
640 | ||
641 | <varlistentry> | |
642 | <term><varname>systemd.random-seed=</varname></term> | |
643 | ||
644 | <listitem><para>Takes a base64 encoded random seed value to credit with full entropy to the kernel's | |
645 | random pool during early service manager initialization. This option is useful in testing | |
646 | environments where delays due to random pool initialization in entropy starved virtual machines shall | |
647 | be avoided.</para> | |
648 | ||
649 | <para>Note that if this option is used the seed is accessible to unprivileged programs from | |
650 | <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>. This option is hence a security risk when used outside of test | |
651 | systems, since the (possibly) only seed used for initialization of the kernel's entropy pool might be | |
652 | easily acquired by unprivileged programs.</para> | |
653 | ||
654 | <para>It is recommended to pass 512 bytes of randomized data (as that matches the Linux kernel pool | |
655 | size), which may be generated with a command like the following:</para> | |
656 | ||
657 | <programlisting>dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 status=none | base64 -w 0</programlisting> | |
658 | ||
659 | <para>Again: do not use this option outside of testing environments, it's a security risk elsewhere, | |
660 | as secret key material derived from the entropy pool can possibly be reconstructed by unprivileged | |
661 | programs.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
662 | |
663 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/> | |
18d9cee0 | 664 | </listitem> |
3753325b | 665 | </varlistentry> |
34293dfa LP |
666 | |
667 | <varlistentry> | |
668 | <term><varname>systemd.hostname=</varname></term> | |
669 | ||
670 | <listitem><para>Accepts a hostname to set during early boot. If specified takes precedence over what | |
671 | is set in <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. Note that this does not bar later runtime changes to | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
672 | the hostname, it simply controls the initial hostname set during early boot.</para> |
673 | ||
674 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> | |
34293dfa | 675 | </varlistentry> |
4d62ee55 DDM |
676 | |
677 | <varlistentry> | |
678 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.term.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
679 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.rows.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
680 | <term><varname>systemd.tty.columns.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term> | |
681 | ||
682 | <listitem><para>These arguments allow configuring default values for <varname>$TERM</varname>, | |
683 | <varname>TTYRows=</varname>, and <varname>TTYColumns=</varname> for tty | |
153d5dfd DDM |
684 | <replaceable>tty</replaceable>. Additionally, <varname>systemd.tty.term.console</varname> will |
685 | configure the <varname>$TERM</varname> value used by <command>systemd</command> if not set explicitly | |
686 | using <varname>TERM</varname> on the kernel command line. The tty name should be specified without | |
687 | the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix (e.g. <literal>systemd.tty.rows.ttyS0=80</literal>). | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
688 | </para> |
689 | ||
690 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
4d62ee55 | 691 | </varlistentry> |
798d3a52 | 692 | </variablelist> |
7a9e0bd0 | 693 | </refsect1> |
798d3a52 | 694 | |
7a9e0bd0 ZJS |
695 | <refsect1> |
696 | <title>History</title> | |
697 | ||
698 | <variablelist> | |
699 | <varlistentry> | |
700 | <term>systemd 252</term> | |
701 | <listitem><para>Kernel command-line arguments <varname>systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy</varname> | |
702 | and <varname>systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller</varname> were deprecated. Please switch to | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
703 | the unified cgroup hierarchy.</para> |
704 | ||
705 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem> | |
7a9e0bd0 ZJS |
706 | </varlistentry> |
707 | </variablelist> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
708 | </refsect1> |
709 | ||
710 | <refsect1> | |
711 | <title>See Also</title> | |
712 | <para> | |
713 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
d1698b82 | 714 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
798d3a52 | 715 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
eb99c459 LP |
716 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.system-credentials</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
717 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbios-type-11</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
af105d03 | 718 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
798d3a52 ZJS |
719 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
720 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
721 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
722 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
723 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
724 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
725 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
726 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
2f3dfc6f | 727 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
798d3a52 | 728 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
21d00e52 | 729 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
798d3a52 | 730 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
91214a37 | 731 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
798d3a52 ZJS |
732 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
733 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
af105d03 | 734 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
f582cbca | 735 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
4e5aa791 ZJS |
736 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
737 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
738 | </para> |
739 | </refsect1> | |
c66e7bc7 LP |
740 | |
741 | </refentry> |