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514094f9 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
0307f791 | 4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ --> |
f09114bc | 5 | |
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6 | <refentry id="systemd-run" |
7 | xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> | |
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8 | |
9 | <refentryinfo> | |
10 | <title>systemd-run</title> | |
11 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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12 | </refentryinfo> |
13 | ||
14 | <refmeta> | |
15 | <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle> | |
16 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> | |
17 | </refmeta> | |
18 | ||
19 | <refnamediv> | |
20 | <refname>systemd-run</refname> | |
624dd009 | 21 | <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or path-, socket-, or timer-triggered service units</refpurpose> |
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22 | </refnamediv> |
23 | ||
24 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
25 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
26 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
27 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
28 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> | |
29 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
30 | </arg> | |
31 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
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32 | <cmdsynopsis> |
33 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
34 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
35 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PATH OPTIONS</arg> | |
36 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
37 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
38 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
39 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
40 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
41 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
42 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">SOCKET OPTIONS</arg> | |
43 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
44 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
45 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
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46 | <cmdsynopsis> |
47 | <command>systemd-run</command> | |
48 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
49 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg> | |
50 | <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg> | |
51 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> | |
52 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
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53 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
54 | ||
55 | <refsect1> | |
56 | <title>Description</title> | |
57 | ||
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58 | <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or |
59 | <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be | |
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60 | used to create and start a transient <filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or |
61 | <filename>.timer</filename> unit, that activates a <filename>.service</filename> unit when elapsing.</para> | |
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62 | |
63 | <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the service manager like any | |
64 | other service, and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command> like any other unit. It | |
65 | will run in a clean and detached execution environment, with the service manager as its parent process. In this | |
66 | mode, <command>systemd-run</command> will start the service asynchronously in the background and return after the | |
b03ec009 | 67 | command has begun execution (unless <option>--no-block</option> or <option>--wait</option> are specified, see |
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68 | below).</para> |
69 | ||
70 | <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be executed by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as | |
71 | parent process and will thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. However, the processes of the command | |
72 | are managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in the output of <command>systemctl | |
73 | list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command finishes. This | |
74 | mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option> switch (see below). </para> | |
75 | ||
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76 | <para>If a command is run with path, socket, or timer options such as <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), |
77 | a transient path, socket, or timer unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified command. Only the | |
78 | transient path, socket, or timer unit is started immediately, the transient service unit will be triggered by the | |
79 | path, socket, or timer unit. If the <option>--unit=</option> option is specified, the | |
80 | <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case, <command>systemd-run</command> creates only a | |
81 | <filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or <filename>.timer</filename> unit that triggers the | |
82 | specified unit.</para> | |
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83 | |
84 | <para>By default, services created with <command>systemd-run</command> default to the <option>simple</option> type, | |
85 | see the description of <varname>Type=</varname> in | |
86 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
87 | details. Note that when this type is used the service manager (and thus the <command>systemd-run</command> command) | |
88 | considers service start-up successful as soon as the <function>fork()</function> for the main service process | |
89 | succeeded, i.e. before the <function>execve()</function> is invoked, and thus even if the specified command cannot | |
90 | be started. Consider using the <option>exec</option> service type (i.e. <option>--property=Type=exec</option>) to | |
91 | ensure that <command>systemd-run</command> returns successfully only if the specified command line has been | |
92 | successfully started.</para> | |
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93 | </refsect1> |
94 | ||
95 | <refsect1> | |
96 | <title>Options</title> | |
97 | ||
98 | <para>The following options are understood:</para> | |
99 | ||
100 | <variablelist> | |
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101 | <varlistentry> |
102 | <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term> | |
103 | ||
104 | <listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for | |
105 | privileged operations.</para></listitem> | |
106 | </varlistentry> | |
107 | ||
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108 | <varlistentry> |
109 | <term><option>--scope</option></term> | |
110 | ||
111 | <listitem> | |
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112 | <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of the default transient |
113 | <filename>.service</filename> unit (see above). | |
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114 | </para> |
115 | </listitem> | |
116 | </varlistentry> | |
117 | ||
118 | <varlistentry> | |
119 | <term><option>--unit=</option></term> | |
120 | ||
121 | <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically | |
122 | generated one.</para></listitem> | |
123 | </varlistentry> | |
124 | ||
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125 | <varlistentry> |
126 | <term><option>--property=</option></term> | |
127 | <term><option>-p</option></term> | |
128 | ||
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129 | <listitem><para>Sets a property on the scope or service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment |
130 | in the same format as | |
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131 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s |
132 | <command>set-property</command> command.</para> | |
133 | </listitem> | |
134 | </varlistentry> | |
135 | ||
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136 | <varlistentry> |
137 | <term><option>--description=</option></term> | |
138 | ||
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139 | <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service, scope, path, socket, or timer unit. If not specified, |
140 | the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in | |
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141 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
142 | </para></listitem> | |
143 | </varlistentry> | |
144 | ||
145 | <varlistentry> | |
146 | <term><option>--slice=</option></term> | |
147 | ||
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148 | <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the |
149 | specified slice, instead of <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para> | |
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150 | </listitem> |
151 | </varlistentry> | |
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152 | |
153 | <varlistentry> | |
a953b31a | 154 | <term><option>-r</option></term> |
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155 | <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term> |
156 | ||
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157 | <listitem><para>After the service process has terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly |
158 | stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service after it finished running. Also see | |
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159 | <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in |
160 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
161 | </para> | |
162 | </listitem> | |
163 | </varlistentry> | |
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164 | |
165 | <varlistentry> | |
166 | <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term> | |
167 | ||
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168 | <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is |
169 | useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been severed. Also see | |
981ee551 | 170 | <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in |
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171 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
172 | </para> | |
173 | </listitem> | |
174 | </varlistentry> | |
dfdebb1b | 175 | |
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176 | <varlistentry> |
177 | <term><option>--service-type=</option></term> | |
178 | ||
179 | <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see | |
180 | <varname>Type=</varname> in | |
181 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This | |
182 | option has no effect in conjunction with | |
183 | <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to | |
184 | <constant>simple</constant>.</para> | |
185 | </listitem> | |
186 | </varlistentry> | |
187 | ||
188 | <varlistentry> | |
189 | <term><option>--uid=</option></term> | |
190 | <term><option>--gid=</option></term> | |
191 | ||
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192 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the specified UNIX user and group. Also see |
193 | <varname>User=</varname> and <varname>Group=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 194 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
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195 | </listitem> |
196 | </varlistentry> | |
197 | ||
198 | <varlistentry> | |
199 | <term><option>--nice=</option></term> | |
200 | ||
201 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified | |
202 | nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 203 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
981ee551 | 204 | </listitem> |
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205 | </varlistentry> |
206 | ||
207 | <varlistentry> | |
208 | <term><option>--working-directory=</option></term> | |
209 | ||
210 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified working directory. Also see | |
211 | <varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname> in | |
212 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
213 | </listitem> | |
214 | </varlistentry> | |
215 | ||
216 | <varlistentry> | |
217 | <term><option>--same-dir</option></term> | |
218 | <term><option>-d</option></term> | |
219 | ||
220 | <listitem><para>Similar to <option>--working-directory=</option> but uses the current working directory of the | |
221 | caller for the service to execute.</para></listitem> | |
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222 | </varlistentry> |
223 | ||
224 | <varlistentry> | |
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225 | <term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> |
226 | <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term> | |
981ee551 | 227 | |
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228 | <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set. |
229 | Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in | |
4de33e7f | 230 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
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231 | </listitem> |
232 | </varlistentry> | |
233 | ||
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234 | <varlistentry> |
235 | <term><option>--pty</option></term> | |
236 | <term><option>-t</option></term> | |
237 | ||
5dca7739 LP |
238 | <listitem><para>When invoking the command, the transient service connects its standard input, output and error |
239 | to the terminal <command>systemd-run</command> is invoked on, via a pseudo TTY device. This allows running | |
156d6036 | 240 | programs that expect interactive user input/output as services, such as interactive command shells.</para> |
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241 | |
242 | <para>Note that | |
243 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s | |
244 | <command>shell</command> command is usually a better alternative for requesting a new, interactive login | |
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245 | session on the local host or a local container.</para> |
246 | ||
247 | <para>See below for details on how this switch combines with <option>--pipe</option>.</para></listitem> | |
248 | </varlistentry> | |
249 | ||
250 | <varlistentry> | |
251 | <term><option>--pipe</option></term> | |
252 | <term><option>-P</option></term> | |
253 | ||
254 | <listitem><para>If specified, standard input, output, and error of the transient service are inherited from the | |
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255 | <command>systemd-run</command> command itself. This allows <command>systemd-run</command> |
256 | to be used within shell pipelines. | |
257 | Note that this mode is not suitable for interactive command shells and similar, as the | |
960d20e1 | 258 | service process will not become a TTY controller when invoked on a terminal. Use <option>--pty</option> instead |
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259 | in that case.</para> |
260 | ||
261 | <para>When both <option>--pipe</option> and <option>--pty</option> are used in combination the more appropriate | |
262 | option is automatically determined and used. Specifically, when invoked with standard input, output and error | |
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263 | connected to a TTY <option>--pty</option> is used, and otherwise <option>--pipe</option>.</para> |
264 | ||
265 | <para>When this option is used the original file descriptors <command>systemd-run</command> receives are passed | |
266 | to the service processes as-is. If the service runs with different privileges than | |
267 | <command>systemd-run</command>, this means the service might not be able to re-open the passed file | |
268 | descriptors, due to normal file descriptor access restrictions. If the invoked process is a shell script that | |
269 | uses the <command>echo "hello" > /dev/stderr</command> construct for writing messages to stderr, this might | |
270 | cause problems, as this only works if stderr can be re-opened. To mitigate this use the construct <command>echo | |
271 | "hello" >&2</command> instead, which is mostly equivalent and avoids this pitfall.</para></listitem> | |
9b15b784 | 272 | </varlistentry> |
88ae7333 | 273 | |
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274 | <varlistentry> |
275 | <term><option>--shell</option></term> | |
276 | <term><option>-S</option></term> | |
277 | ||
278 | <listitem><para>A shortcut for <literal>--pty --same-dir --wait --collect --service-type=exec $SHELL</literal>, | |
279 | i.e. requests an interactive shell in the current working directory, running in service context, accessible | |
280 | with a single switch.</para></listitem> | |
281 | </varlistentry> | |
282 | ||
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283 | <varlistentry> |
284 | <term><option>--quiet</option></term> | |
285 | <term><option>-q</option></term> | |
286 | ||
287 | <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output | |
288 | while running. This is particularly useful in combination with | |
289 | <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial | |
290 | message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem> | |
291 | </varlistentry> | |
292 | ||
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293 | <varlistentry> |
294 | <term><option>--on-active=</option></term> | |
295 | <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term> | |
296 | <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term> | |
297 | <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term> | |
298 | <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term> | |
299 | ||
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300 | <listitem><para>Defines a monotonic timer relative to different starting points for starting the specified |
301 | command. See <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>, | |
302 | <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in | |
303 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | |
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304 | details. These options are shortcuts for <command>--timer-property=</command> with the relevant properties. |
305 | These options may not be combined with <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
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306 | </listitem> |
307 | </varlistentry> | |
308 | ||
309 | <varlistentry> | |
310 | <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term> | |
311 | ||
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312 | <listitem><para>Defines a calendar timer for starting the specified command. See <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> |
313 | in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This | |
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314 | option is a shortcut for <command>--timer-property=OnCalendar=</command>. This option may not be combined with |
315 | <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
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316 | </listitem> |
317 | </varlistentry> | |
318 | ||
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319 | <varlistentry> |
320 | <term><option>--on-clock-change</option></term> | |
321 | <term><option>--on-timezone-change</option></term> | |
322 | ||
323 | <listitem><para>Defines a trigger based on system clock jumps or timezone changes for starting the | |
324 | specified command. See <varname>OnClockChange=</varname> and <varname>OnTimezoneChange=</varname> in | |
325 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. These | |
326 | options are shortcuts for <command>--timer-property=OnClockChange=yes</command> and | |
327 | <command>--timer-property=OnTimezoneChange=yes</command>. These options may not be combined with | |
328 | <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para></listitem> | |
329 | </varlistentry> | |
330 | ||
4c213d6c | 331 | <varlistentry> |
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332 | <term><option>--path-property=</option></term> |
333 | <term><option>--socket-property=</option></term> | |
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334 | <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term> |
335 | ||
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336 | <listitem><para>Sets a property on the path, socket, or timer unit that is created. This option is similar to |
337 | <option>--property=</option> but applies to the transient path, socket, or timer unit rather than the | |
338 | transient service unit created. This option takes an assignment in the same format as | |
339 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s | |
340 | <command>set-property</command> command. These options may not be combined with | |
341 | <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para> | |
342 | </listitem> | |
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343 | </varlistentry> |
344 | ||
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345 | <varlistentry> |
346 | <term><option>--no-block</option></term> | |
347 | ||
348 | <listitem> | |
014c4c98 LP |
349 | <para>Do not synchronously wait for the unit start operation to finish. If this option is not specified, the |
350 | start request for the transient unit will be verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will wait | |
351 | until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This | |
352 | option may not be combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para> | |
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353 | </listitem> |
354 | </varlistentry> | |
355 | ||
014c4c98 LP |
356 | <varlistentry> |
357 | <term><option>--wait</option></term> | |
358 | ||
359 | <listitem><para>Synchronously wait for the transient service to terminate. If this option is specified, the | |
360 | start request for the transient unit is verified, enqueued, and waited for. Subsequently the invoked unit is | |
361 | monitored, and it is waited until it is deactivated again (most likely because the specified command | |
362 | completed). On exit, terse information about the unit's runtime is shown, including total runtime (as well as | |
363 | CPU usage, if <option>--property=CPUAccounting=1</option> was set) and the exit code and status of the main | |
364 | process. This output may be suppressed with <option>--quiet</option>. This option may not be combined with | |
624dd009 | 365 | <option>--no-block</option>, <option>--scope</option> or the various path, socket, or timer options.</para></listitem> |
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366 | </varlistentry> |
367 | ||
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368 | <varlistentry> |
369 | <term><option>-G</option></term> | |
370 | <term><option>--collect</option></term> | |
371 | ||
372 | <listitem><para>Unload the transient unit after it completed, even if it failed. Normally, without this option, | |
373 | all units that ran and failed are kept in memory until the user explicitly resets their failure state with | |
374 | <command>systemctl reset-failed</command> or an equivalent command. On the other hand, units that ran | |
375 | successfully are unloaded immediately. If this option is turned on the "garbage collection" of units is more | |
376 | aggressive, and unloads units regardless if they exited successfully or failed. This option is a shortcut for | |
377 | <command>--property=CollectMode=inactive-or-failed</command>, see the explanation for | |
378 | <varname>CollectMode=</varname> in | |
379 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further | |
380 | information.</para></listitem> | |
381 | </varlistentry> | |
382 | ||
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383 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> |
384 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> | |
385 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> | |
386 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> | |
387 | ||
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388 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> |
389 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> | |
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390 | </variablelist> |
391 | ||
81c7dd89 | 392 | <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option |
3f85ef0f | 393 | argument become part of the command line of the launched |
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394 | process. If a command is run as service unit, the first argument |
395 | needs to be an absolute program path.</para> | |
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396 | </refsect1> |
397 | ||
398 | <refsect1> | |
399 | <title>Exit status</title> | |
400 | ||
401 | <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure | |
402 | code otherwise.</para> | |
403 | </refsect1> | |
404 | ||
c9d954b2 | 405 | <refsect1> |
df31a6c0 | 406 | <title>Examples</title> |
c9d954b2 | 407 | |
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408 | <example> |
409 | <title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title> | |
c9d954b2 | 410 | |
4eac7f5c | 411 | <programlisting># systemd-run env |
f3ea87af | 412 | Running as unit: run-19945.service |
c9d954b2 ZJS |
413 | # journalctl -u run-19945.service |
414 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env... | |
415 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env. | |
416 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin | |
417 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 | |
9fccdb0f | 418 | Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting> |
4eac7f5c | 419 | </example> |
df31a6c0 | 420 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
421 | <example> |
422 | <title>Limiting resources available to a command</title> | |
df31a6c0 | 423 | |
4eac7f5c | 424 | <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting> |
4c213d6c | 425 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
426 | <para>This command invokes the |
427 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
428 | tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See | |
429 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
430 | for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> | |
431 | property.</para> | |
432 | </example> | |
4c213d6c | 433 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
434 | <example> |
435 | <title>Running commands at a specified time</title> | |
436 | ||
437 | <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para> | |
438 | ||
439 | <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo | |
4c213d6c | 440 | Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014 |
f3ea87af ILG |
441 | Running as unit: run-71.timer |
442 | Will run service as unit: run-71.service | |
85fb8031 | 443 | # journalctl -b -u run-71.timer |
4c213d6c WC |
444 | -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
445 | Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo. | |
446 | Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo. | |
85fb8031 | 447 | # journalctl -b -u run-71.service |
4c213d6c WC |
448 | -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. -- |
449 | Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo... | |
450 | Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting> | |
4eac7f5c | 451 | </example> |
9b15b784 | 452 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
453 | <example> |
454 | <title>Allowing access to the tty</title> | |
9b15b784 | 455 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
456 | <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> as a service |
457 | passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para> | |
9b15b784 | 458 | |
4eac7f5c ZJS |
459 | <programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting> |
460 | </example> | |
65eb37f8 ZJS |
461 | |
462 | <example> | |
463 | <title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title> | |
464 | ||
465 | <programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen | |
466 | Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope. | |
467 | ||
468 | $ screen -ls | |
469 | There is a screen on: | |
470 | 492..laptop (Detached) | |
471 | 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima. | |
472 | </programlisting> | |
473 | ||
474 | <para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the | |
475 | <command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by | |
476 | <filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A | |
477 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
478 | unit is used instead of a | |
479 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
480 | unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal, | |
481 | and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command> | |
482 | as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope. | |
483 | If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in | |
484 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
485 | the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs | |
486 | out of that session.</para> | |
487 | ||
488 | <para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically | |
489 | when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one | |
490 | login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session, | |
491 | <filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it | |
2dd67817 | 492 | are terminated. This behavior is the default, when "lingering" is |
65eb37f8 ZJS |
493 | not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that |
494 | <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during | |
495 | boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is | |
496 | not terminated when the user logs out.</para> | |
497 | ||
498 | <para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in, | |
499 | for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out, | |
500 | even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can | |
501 | enable lingering for themselves:</para> | |
502 | ||
503 | <programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting> | |
504 | </example> | |
c9d954b2 ZJS |
505 | </refsect1> |
506 | ||
f09114bc ZJS |
507 | <refsect1> |
508 | <title>See Also</title> | |
509 | <para> | |
510 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
3803cde4 | 511 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
f09114bc ZJS |
512 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
513 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
514 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
d21ed1ea | 515 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
df31a6c0 LP |
516 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
517 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
4c213d6c | 518 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
450442cf | 519 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
d21ed1ea | 520 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
f09114bc ZJS |
521 | </para> |
522 | </refsect1> | |
523 | ||
524 | </refentry> |