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1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" | |
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ --> | |
5 | ||
6 | <refentry id="systemd.net-naming-scheme"> | |
7 | <refentryinfo> | |
8 | <title>systemd.net-naming-scheme</title> | |
9 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
10 | </refentryinfo> | |
11 | ||
12 | <refmeta> | |
13 | <refentrytitle>systemd.net-naming-scheme</refentrytitle> | |
14 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum> | |
15 | </refmeta> | |
16 | ||
17 | <refnamediv> | |
18 | <refname>systemd.net-naming-scheme</refname> | |
19 | <refpurpose>Network device naming schemes</refpurpose> | |
20 | </refnamediv> | |
21 | ||
22 | <refsect1> | |
23 | <title>Description</title> | |
24 | ||
25 | <para>Network interfaces may be renamed to give them predictable names when there's enough information to | |
26 | generate appropriate names and the use of certain types of names is configured. This page describes the | |
27 | first part, i.e. what possible names may be generated. Those names are generated by the | |
28 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
29 | builtin <command>net_id</command> and exported as udev properties | |
30 | (<varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=</varname>, <varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=</varname>, | |
31 | <varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=</varname>, <varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=</varname>).</para> | |
32 | ||
33 | <para>Names are derived from various device metadata attributes. Newer versions of udev take more of | |
34 | these attributes into account, improving (and thus possibly changing) the names used for the same | |
35 | devices. Differents version of the naming rules are called "naming schemes". The default naming scheme is | |
36 | chosen at compilation time. Usually this will be the latest implemented version, but it is also possible | |
37 | to set one of the older versions to preserve compatibility. This may be useful for example for | |
38 | distributions, which may introduce new versions of systemd in stable releases without changing the naming | |
39 | scheme. The naming scheme may also be overriden using the <varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname> kernel | |
40 | command line switch, see | |
41 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
42 | Available naming schemes are described below.</para> | |
43 | ||
44 | <para>After the udev proprties have been generated, appropriate udev rules may be used to actually rename | |
45 | devices based on those properties. See the description of <varname>NamePolicy=</varname> in | |
46 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
47 | </para> | |
48 | </refsect1> | |
49 | ||
50 | <refsect1> | |
51 | <title>Naming</title> | |
52 | ||
53 | <para>All names start with a two-character prefix that signifies the interface type.</para> | |
54 | ||
55 | <table> | |
56 | <title>Two character prefixes based on the type of interface</title> | |
57 | ||
58 | <tgroup cols='2'> | |
59 | <thead> | |
60 | <row> | |
61 | <entry>Prefix</entry> | |
62 | <entry>Description</entry> | |
63 | </row> | |
64 | </thead> | |
65 | <tbody> | |
66 | <row> | |
67 | <entry><constant>en</constant></entry> | |
68 | <entry>Ethernet</entry> | |
69 | </row> | |
70 | <row> | |
71 | <entry><constant>ib</constant></entry> | |
72 | <entry>InfiniBand</entry> | |
73 | </row> | |
74 | <row> | |
75 | <entry><constant>sl</constant></entry> | |
76 | <entry>serial line IP (slip)</entry> | |
77 | </row> | |
78 | <row> | |
79 | <entry><constant>wl</constant></entry> | |
80 | <entry>Wireless local area network (WLAN)</entry> | |
81 | </row> | |
82 | <row> | |
83 | <entry><constant>ww</constant></entry> | |
84 | <entry>Wireless wide area network (WWAN)</entry> | |
85 | </row> | |
86 | </tbody> | |
87 | </tgroup> | |
88 | </table> | |
89 | ||
90 | <para>The udev <command>net_id</command> builtin exports the following udev device properties:</para> | |
91 | ||
92 | <variablelist> | |
93 | <varlistentry> | |
94 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>o</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term> | |
95 | ||
96 | <listitem><para>This name is set based on the ordering information given by the firmware for | |
97 | on-board devices. The name consists of the prefix, letter <constant>o</constant>, and a number | |
98 | specified by the firmware. This is only available for PCI devices.</para> | |
99 | </listitem> | |
100 | </varlistentry> | |
101 | ||
102 | <varlistentry> | |
103 | <term><varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <replaceable>label</replaceable></varname></term> | |
104 | ||
105 | <listitem><para>This property is set based on label given by the firmware for on-board devices. The | |
106 | name consists of the prefix concatenated with the label. This is only available for PCI devices. | |
107 | </para> | |
108 | </listitem> | |
109 | </varlistentry> | |
110 | ||
111 | <varlistentry> | |
112 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_MAC=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>x</constant><replaceable>AABBCCDDEEFF</replaceable></varname></term> | |
113 | ||
114 | <listitem><para>This name consists of the prefix, letter <constant>x</constant>, and 12 hexadecimal | |
115 | digits of the MAC address. It is available if the device has a fixed MAC address. Because this name | |
116 | is based on an attribute of the card itself, it remains "stable" when the device is moved (even | |
117 | between machines), but will change when the hardware is replaced.</para> | |
118 | </listitem> | |
119 | </varlistentry> | |
120 | ||
121 | <varlistentry> | |
122 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</varname></term> | |
123 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term> | |
124 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>…[<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>][<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</varname></term> | |
125 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></varname></term> | |
126 | ||
127 | <listitem><para>This property describes the slot position. Different schemes are used depending on | |
128 | the bus type, as described in the table below. In all cases, PCI slot information must be known. In | |
129 | case of USB, BCMA, and SR-VIO devices, the full name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, | |
130 | and USB or BCMA or SR-VIO slot identifier. The first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table | |
131 | below.</para> | |
132 | ||
133 | <table> | |
134 | <title>Slot naming schemes</title> | |
135 | ||
136 | <tgroup cols='2'> | |
137 | <thead> | |
138 | <row> | |
139 | <entry>Format</entry> | |
140 | <entry>Description</entry> | |
141 | </row> | |
142 | </thead> | |
143 | ||
144 | <tbody> | |
145 | <row> | |
146 | <entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> [<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>] <constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable> [<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>] [<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable> | <constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</entry> | |
147 | <entry>PCI slot number</entry> | |
148 | </row> | |
149 | ||
150 | <row> | |
151 | <entry>… <constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></entry> | |
152 | <entry>Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number</entry> | |
153 | </row> | |
154 | ||
155 | <row> | |
156 | <entry>… <constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>… [<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>] [<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</entry> | |
157 | <entry>USB port number chain</entry> | |
158 | </row> | |
159 | ||
160 | <row> | |
161 | <entry>… <constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></entry> | |
162 | <entry>SR-VIO slot number</entry> | |
163 | </row> | |
164 | </tbody> | |
165 | </tgroup> | |
166 | </table> | |
167 | ||
168 | <para>The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. All multi-function PCI devices will carry | |
169 | the <constant>f<replaceable>function</replaceable></constant> number in the device name, including | |
170 | the function 0 device. For non-multi-function devices, the number is suppressed if 0. The port name | |
171 | <replaceable>port_name</replaceable> is used, or the port number | |
172 | <constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable> if the name is not known.</para> | |
173 | ||
174 | <para>For BCMA devices, the core number is suppressed when 0.</para> | |
175 | ||
176 | <para>For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the name gets longer | |
177 | than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not exported. The usual USB configuration | |
178 | number 1 and interface number 0 values are suppressed.</para> | |
179 | </listitem> | |
180 | ||
181 | <para>SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of | |
182 | <constant>v</constant> and the virtual device number, with any leading zeros removed. The bus | |
183 | number is ignored. This device type is found in IBM PowerVMs.</para> | |
184 | </varlistentry> | |
185 | ||
186 | <varlistentry> | |
187 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>c</constant><replaceable>bus_id</replaceable></varname></term> | |
188 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>a</constant><replaceable>vendor</replaceable><replaceable>model</replaceable><constant>i</constant><replaceable>instance</replaceable></varname></term> | |
189 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>i</constant><replaceable>address</replaceable><constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable></varname></term> | |
190 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</varname></term> | |
191 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term> | |
192 | <term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>…[<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>][<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</varname></term> | |
193 | ||
194 | <listitem><para>This property describes the device installation location. Different schemes are | |
195 | used depending on the bus type, as described in the table below. For BCMA and USB devices, PCI path | |
196 | information must known, and the full name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or | |
197 | BCMA location. The first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table below.</para> | |
198 | ||
199 | <table> | |
200 | <title>Path naming schemes</title> | |
201 | ||
202 | <tgroup cols='2'> | |
203 | <thead> | |
204 | <row> | |
205 | <entry>Format</entry> | |
206 | <entry>Description</entry> | |
207 | </row> | |
208 | </thead> | |
209 | ||
210 | <tbody> | |
211 | <row> | |
212 | <entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>c</constant><replaceable>bus_id</replaceable></entry> | |
213 | <entry>CCW or grouped CCW device identifier</entry> | |
214 | </row> | |
215 | ||
216 | <row> | |
217 | <entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>a</constant><replaceable>vendor</replaceable> <replaceable>model</replaceable> <constant>i</constant><replaceable>instance</replaceable></entry> | |
218 | <entry>ACPI path names for ARM64 platform devices</entry> | |
219 | </row> | |
220 | ||
221 | <row> | |
222 | <entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>i</constant><replaceable>address</replaceable> <constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable></entry> | |
223 | <entry>Netdevsim (simulated networking device) device number and port name</entry> | |
224 | </row> | |
225 | ||
226 | <row> | |
227 | <entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> [<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>] <constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable> <constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable> [<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>] [<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable> | <constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</entry> | |
228 | <entry>PCI geographical location</entry> | |
229 | </row> | |
230 | ||
231 | <row> | |
232 | <entry>… <constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></entry> | |
233 | <entry>Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number</entry> | |
234 | </row> | |
235 | ||
236 | <row> | |
237 | <entry>… <constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>… [<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>] [<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</entry> | |
238 | <entry>USB port number chain</entry> | |
239 | </row> | |
240 | ||
241 | </tbody> | |
242 | </tgroup> | |
243 | </table> | |
244 | ||
245 | <para>CCW and grouped CCW devices are found in IBM System Z mainframes. Any leading zeros and | |
246 | dots are suppressed.</para> | |
247 | ||
248 | <para>For PCI, BCMA, and USB devices, the same rules as described above for slot naming are | |
249 | used.</para> | |
250 | </listitem> | |
251 | </varlistentry> | |
252 | </variablelist> | |
253 | </refsect1> | |
254 | ||
255 | <refsect1> | |
256 | <title>History</title> | |
257 | ||
258 | <para>The following "naming schemes" have been defined:</para> | |
259 | ||
260 | <variablelist> | |
261 | <varlistentry> | |
262 | <term><constant>v238</constant></term> | |
263 | ||
264 | <listitem><para>This is the naming naming that was implemented in systemd 238.</para></listitem> | |
265 | </varlistentry> | |
266 | ||
267 | <varlistentry> | |
268 | <term><constant>v239</constant></term> | |
269 | ||
270 | <listitem><para>Naming was changed for virtual network interfaces created with SR-IOV and NPAR and | |
271 | for devices where the PCI network controller device does not have a slot number associated.</para> | |
272 | ||
273 | <para>SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of | |
274 | <literal>v<replaceable>port</replaceable></literal>, where <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the | |
275 | virtual device number. Previously those virtual devices were named as if completely independent. | |
276 | </para> | |
277 | ||
278 | <para>The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices are named following the scheme used for the first | |
279 | eight NPAR partitions. Previously those devices were not renamed and the kernel default | |
280 | ("eth<replaceable>N</replaceable>") was used.</para> | |
281 | ||
282 | <para>Names are also generated for PCI devices where the PCI network controller device does not | |
283 | have an associated slot number itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those devices were | |
284 | not renamed and the kernel default was used.</para> | |
285 | </listitem> | |
286 | </varlistentry> | |
287 | ||
288 | <varlistentry> | |
289 | <term><constant>v240</constant></term> | |
290 | ||
291 | <para>The <literal>ib</literal> prefix and stable names for infiniband devices are | |
292 | introduced. Previously those devices were not renamed.</para> | |
293 | ||
294 | <para>The ACPI index field (used in <varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=</varname>) is now also used when | |
295 | 0.</para> | |
296 | ||
297 | <para>A new naming policy <varname>NamePolicy=keep</varname> was introduced. With this policy, if | |
298 | the network device name was already set by userspace, the device will not be renamed | |
299 | again. Previously, this naming policy applied implicitly, and now it must be explicitly | |
300 | requested. Effectively, this means that network devices will be renamed according to the | |
301 | configuration, even if they have been renamed already, if <constant>keep</constant> is not | |
302 | specified as the naming policy in the <filename noindex='true'>.link</filename> file. See | |
303 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
304 | for a description of <varname>NamePolicy=</varname>.</para> | |
305 | </varlistentry> | |
306 | ||
307 | <varlistentry> | |
308 | <term><constant>v243</constant></term> | |
309 | ||
310 | <para>Support for netdevsim (simulated networking devices) was added. Previously those devices were | |
311 | not renamed.</para> | |
8c053c83 ZJS |
312 | |
313 | <para>Previously two-letter interface type prefix was prepended to | |
314 | <varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=</varname>. This is not done anymore.</para> | |
0b1e5b6e ZJS |
315 | </varlistentry> |
316 | ||
317 | <para>Note that <constant>latest</constant> may be used to denote the latest scheme known (to this | |
318 | particular version of systemd.</para> | |
319 | </variablelist> | |
320 | </refsect1> | |
321 | ||
322 | <refsect1> | |
323 | <title>Examples</title> | |
324 | ||
325 | <example> | |
326 | <title>Using <command>udevadm test-builtin</command> to display device properties</title> | |
327 | ||
328 | <programlisting>$ udevadm test-builtin net_id /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6 | |
329 | ... | |
330 | Using default interface naming scheme 'v243'. | |
331 | ID_NET_NAMING_SCHEME=v243 | |
332 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx54ee75cb1dc0 | |
333 | ID_OUI_FROM_DATABASE=Wistron InfoComm(Kunshan)Co.,Ltd. | |
334 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s31f6 | |
335 | ...</programlisting> | |
336 | </example> | |
337 | ||
338 | <example> | |
339 | <title>PCI Ethernet card with firmware index "1"</title> | |
340 | ||
341 | <programlisting>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=eno1 | |
8c053c83 | 342 | ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD_LABEL=Ethernet Port 1 |
0b1e5b6e | 343 | </programlisting> |
0b1e5b6e ZJS |
344 | </example> |
345 | ||
346 | <example> | |
347 | <title>PCI Ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number</title> | |
348 | ||
349 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05:00.0/net/ens1 | |
350 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx000000000466 | |
351 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp5s0 | |
352 | ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=ens1</programlisting> | |
353 | </example> | |
354 | ||
355 | <example> | |
356 | <title>PCI Ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports</title> | |
357 | ||
358 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.0/net/enp2s0f0 | |
359 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46da | |
360 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f0 | |
361 | ||
362 | # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.1/net/enp2s0f1 | |
363 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46dc | |
364 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f1</programlisting> | |
365 | </example> | |
366 | ||
367 | <example> | |
368 | <title>PCI WLAN card</title> | |
369 | ||
370 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:03:00.0/net/wlp3s0 | |
371 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wlx0024d7e31130 | |
372 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wlp3s0</programlisting> | |
373 | </example> | |
374 | ||
375 | <example> | |
376 | <title>PCI IB host adapter with 2 ports</title> | |
377 | ||
378 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.0/net/ibp21s0f0 | |
379 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f0 | |
380 | ||
381 | # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.1/net/ibp21s0f1 | |
382 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f1</programlisting> | |
383 | </example> | |
384 | ||
385 | <example> | |
386 | <title>USB built-in 3G modem</title> | |
387 | ||
388 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.6/net/wwp0s29u1u4i6 | |
389 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wwx028037ec0200 | |
390 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wwp0s29u1u4i6</programlisting> | |
391 | </example> | |
392 | ||
393 | <example> | |
394 | <title>USB Android phone</title> | |
395 | ||
396 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/net/enp0s29u1u2 | |
397 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enxd626b3450fb5 | |
398 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s29u1u2</programlisting> | |
399 | </example> | |
400 | ||
401 | <example> | |
402 | <title>s390 grouped CCW interface</title> | |
403 | ||
404 | <programlisting># /sys/devices/css0/0.0.0007/0.0.f5f0/group_device/net/encf5f0 | |
405 | ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx026d3c00000a | |
406 | ID_NET_NAME_PATH=encf5f0</programlisting> | |
407 | </example> | |
408 | </refsect1> | |
409 | ||
410 | <refsect1> | |
411 | <title>See Also</title> | |
412 | <para> | |
413 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
414 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
415 | <ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames">the | |
416 | original page describing stable interface names</ulink> | |
417 | </para> | |
418 | </refsect1> | |
419 | ||
420 | </refentry> |