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8dd4c05b | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*--> |
1f812fea | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" |
12b42c76 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> |
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4 | |
5 | <!-- | |
6 | This file is part of systemd. | |
7 | ||
8 | Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering | |
9 | ||
10 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
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11 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
12 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
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13 | (at your option) any later version. |
14 | ||
15 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
16 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
17 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
5430f7f2 | 18 | Lesser General Public License for more details. |
1f812fea | 19 | |
5430f7f2 | 20 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
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21 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
22 | --> | |
23 | ||
24 | <refentry id="systemd.socket"> | |
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25 | <refentryinfo> |
26 | <title>systemd.socket</title> | |
27 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
28 | ||
29 | <authorgroup> | |
30 | <author> | |
31 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
32 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
33 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
34 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
35 | </author> | |
36 | </authorgroup> | |
37 | </refentryinfo> | |
38 | ||
39 | <refmeta> | |
40 | <refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle> | |
41 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
42 | </refmeta> | |
43 | ||
44 | <refnamediv> | |
45 | <refname>systemd.socket</refname> | |
46 | <refpurpose>Socket unit configuration</refpurpose> | |
47 | </refnamediv> | |
48 | ||
49 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
50 | <para><filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename></para> | |
51 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
52 | ||
53 | <refsect1> | |
54 | <title>Description</title> | |
55 | ||
56 | <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in | |
57 | <literal>.socket</literal> encodes information about an IPC or | |
58 | network socket or a file system FIFO controlled and supervised by | |
59 | systemd, for socket-based activation.</para> | |
60 | ||
61 | <para>This man page lists the configuration options specific to | |
62 | this unit type. See | |
63 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
64 | for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common | |
65 | configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and | |
66 | [Install] sections. The socket specific configuration options are | |
67 | configured in the [Socket] section.</para> | |
68 | ||
69 | <para>Additional options are listed in | |
70 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
71 | which define the execution environment the | |
72 | <option>ExecStartPre=</option>, <option>ExecStartPost=</option>, | |
73 | <option>ExecStopPre=</option> and <option>ExecStopPost=</option> | |
74 | commands are executed in, and in | |
75 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
76 | which define the way the processes are terminated, and in | |
77 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
78 | which configure resource control settings for the processes of the | |
79 | socket.</para> | |
80 | ||
81 | <para>For each socket file, a matching service file must exist, | |
82 | describing the service to start on incoming traffic on the socket | |
83 | (see | |
84 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
85 | for more information about .service files). The name of the | |
86 | .service unit is by default the same as the name of the .socket | |
87 | unit, but can be altered with the <option>Service=</option> option | |
88 | described below. Depending on the setting of the | |
89 | <option>Accept=</option> option described below, this .service | |
90 | unit must either be named like the .socket unit, but with the | |
91 | suffix replaced, unless overridden with <option>Service=</option>; | |
92 | or it must be a template unit named the same way. Example: a | |
93 | socket file <filename>foo.socket</filename> needs a matching | |
94 | service <filename>foo.service</filename> if | |
95 | <option>Accept=false</option> is set. If | |
96 | <option>Accept=true</option> is set, a service template file | |
97 | <filename>foo@.service</filename> must exist from which services | |
98 | are instantiated for each incoming connection.</para> | |
99 | ||
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100 | <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname> in the <literal>[Unit]</literal> section is set to |
101 | <option>false</option>, socket units will implicitly have dependencies of type <varname>Requires=</varname> and | |
102 | <varname>After=</varname> on <filename>sysinit.target</filename> as well as dependencies of type | |
103 | <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and <varname>Before=</varname> on <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure | |
104 | that socket units pull in basic system initialization, and are terminated cleanly prior to system shutdown. Only | |
105 | sockets involved with early boot or late system shutdown should disable this option.</para> | |
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106 | |
107 | <para>Socket units will have a <varname>Before=</varname> | |
108 | dependency on the service which they trigger added implicitly. No | |
109 | implicit <varname>WantedBy=</varname> or | |
110 | <varname>RequiredBy=</varname> dependency from the socket to the | |
111 | service is added. This means that the service may be started | |
112 | without the socket, in which case it must be able to open sockets | |
113 | by itself. To prevent this, an explicit | |
114 | <varname>Requires=</varname> dependency may be added.</para> | |
115 | ||
116 | <para>Socket units may be used to implement on-demand starting of | |
117 | services, as well as parallelized starting of services. See the | |
118 | blog stories linked at the end for an introduction.</para> | |
119 | ||
120 | <para>Note that the daemon software configured for socket | |
121 | activation with socket units needs to be able to accept sockets | |
122 | from systemd, either via systemd's native socket passing interface | |
123 | (see | |
124 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
125 | for details) or via the traditional | |
b5c7d097 | 126 | <citerefentry project='freebsd'><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>-style |
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127 | socket passing (i.e. sockets passed in via standard input and |
128 | output, using <varname>StandardInput=socket</varname> in the | |
129 | service file).</para> | |
130 | </refsect1> | |
131 | ||
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132 | <refsect1> |
133 | <title>Automatic Dependencies</title> | |
134 | ||
135 | <para>Socket units automatically gain a <varname>Before=</varname> | |
136 | dependency on the service units they activate.</para> | |
137 | ||
138 | <para>Socket units referring to file system paths (such as AF_UNIX | |
139 | sockets or FIFOs) implicitly gain <varname>Requires=</varname> and | |
140 | <varname>After=</varname> dependencies on all mount units | |
141 | necessary to access those paths.</para> | |
142 | ||
143 | <para>Socket units using the <varname>BindToDevice=</varname> | |
144 | setting automatically gain a <varname>BindsTo=</varname> and | |
145 | <varname>After=</varname> dependency on the device unit | |
146 | encapsulating the specified network interface.</para> | |
147 | ||
148 | <para>If <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname> is set (the | |
149 | default), socket units automatically gain a | |
150 | <varname>Before=</varname> dependency on | |
151 | <filename>sockets.target</filename>. They also gain a pair of | |
152 | <varname>After=</varname> and <varname>Requires=</varname> | |
153 | dependency on <filename>sysinit.target</filename>, and a pair of | |
154 | <varname>Before=</varname> and <varname>Conflicts=</varname> | |
155 | dependencies on <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These | |
156 | dependencies ensure that the socket unit is started before normal | |
157 | services at boot, and is stopped on shutdown.</para> | |
158 | ||
159 | <para>Additional implicit dependencies may be added as result of | |
160 | execution and resource control parameters as documented in | |
161 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
162 | and | |
163 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
164 | </refsect1> | |
165 | ||
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166 | <refsect1> |
167 | <title>Options</title> | |
168 | ||
169 | <para>Socket files must include a [Socket] section, which carries | |
170 | information about the socket or FIFO it supervises. A number of | |
171 | options that may be used in this section are shared with other | |
172 | unit types. These options are documented in | |
173 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
174 | and | |
175 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
176 | The options specific to the [Socket] section of socket units are | |
177 | the following:</para> | |
178 | ||
179 | <variablelist class='unit-directives'> | |
180 | <varlistentry> | |
181 | <term><varname>ListenStream=</varname></term> | |
182 | <term><varname>ListenDatagram=</varname></term> | |
183 | <term><varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname></term> | |
184 | <listitem><para>Specifies an address to listen on for a stream | |
185 | (<constant>SOCK_STREAM</constant>), datagram | |
186 | (<constant>SOCK_DGRAM</constant>), or sequential packet | |
187 | (<constant>SOCK_SEQPACKET</constant>) socket, respectively. | |
188 | The address can be written in various formats:</para> | |
189 | ||
190 | <para>If the address starts with a slash | |
191 | (<literal>/</literal>), it is read as file system socket in | |
192 | the <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> socket family.</para> | |
193 | ||
194 | <para>If the address starts with an at symbol | |
195 | (<literal>@</literal>), it is read as abstract namespace | |
196 | socket in the <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> family. The | |
197 | <literal>@</literal> is replaced with a | |
198 | <constant>NUL</constant> character before binding. For | |
199 | details, see | |
200 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
201 | ||
202 | <para>If the address string is a single number, it is read as | |
203 | port number to listen on via IPv6. Depending on the value of | |
204 | <varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname> (see below) this might result | |
205 | in the service being available via both IPv6 and IPv4 | |
206 | (default) or just via IPv6. | |
207 | </para> | |
208 | ||
209 | <para>If the address string is a string in the format | |
210 | v.w.x.y:z, it is read as IPv4 specifier for listening on an | |
211 | address v.w.x.y on a port z.</para> | |
212 | ||
213 | <para>If the address string is a string in the format [x]:y, | |
214 | it is read as IPv6 address x on a port y. Note that this might | |
215 | make the service available via IPv4, too, depending on the | |
216 | <varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname> setting (see below). | |
217 | </para> | |
218 | ||
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219 | <para>If the address string is a string in the format |
220 | <literal>vsock:x:y</literal>, it is read as CID <literal>x</literal> on | |
221 | a port <literal>y</literal> address in the | |
222 | <constant>AF_VSOCK</constant> family. The CID is a unique 32-bit | |
223 | integer identifier in <constant>AF_VSOCK</constant> analogous to an IP | |
224 | address. Specifying the CID is optional, and may be set to the empty | |
225 | string.</para> | |
226 | ||
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227 | <para>Note that <constant>SOCK_SEQPACKET</constant> (i.e. |
228 | <varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname>) is only available | |
229 | for <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> sockets. | |
230 | <constant>SOCK_STREAM</constant> (i.e. | |
231 | <varname>ListenStream=</varname>) when used for IP sockets | |
232 | refers to TCP sockets, <constant>SOCK_DGRAM</constant> (i.e. | |
233 | <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>) to UDP.</para> | |
234 | ||
b938cb90 | 235 | <para>These options may be specified more than once, in which |
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236 | case incoming traffic on any of the sockets will trigger |
237 | service activation, and all listed sockets will be passed to | |
238 | the service, regardless of whether there is incoming traffic | |
239 | on them or not. If the empty string is assigned to any of | |
240 | these options, the list of addresses to listen on is reset, | |
241 | all prior uses of any of these options will have no | |
242 | effect.</para> | |
243 | ||
244 | <para>It is also possible to have more than one socket unit | |
245 | for the same service when using <varname>Service=</varname>, | |
246 | and the service will receive all the sockets configured in all | |
247 | the socket units. Sockets configured in one unit are passed in | |
248 | the order of configuration, but no ordering between socket | |
249 | units is specified.</para> | |
250 | ||
251 | <para>If an IP address is used here, it is often desirable to | |
252 | listen on it before the interface it is configured on is up | |
253 | and running, and even regardless of whether it will be up and | |
254 | running at any point. To deal with this, it is recommended to | |
255 | set the <varname>FreeBind=</varname> option described | |
256 | below.</para></listitem> | |
257 | </varlistentry> | |
258 | ||
259 | <varlistentry> | |
260 | <term><varname>ListenFIFO=</varname></term> | |
261 | <listitem><para>Specifies a file system FIFO to listen on. | |
262 | This expects an absolute file system path as argument. | |
263 | Behavior otherwise is very similar to the | |
264 | <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname> directive | |
265 | above.</para></listitem> | |
266 | </varlistentry> | |
267 | ||
268 | <varlistentry> | |
269 | <term><varname>ListenSpecial=</varname></term> | |
270 | <listitem><para>Specifies a special file in the file system to | |
271 | listen on. This expects an absolute file system path as | |
272 | argument. Behavior otherwise is very similar to the | |
273 | <varname>ListenFIFO=</varname> directive above. Use this to | |
274 | open character device nodes as well as special files in | |
275 | <filename>/proc</filename> and | |
276 | <filename>/sys</filename>.</para></listitem> | |
277 | </varlistentry> | |
278 | ||
279 | <varlistentry> | |
280 | <term><varname>ListenNetlink=</varname></term> | |
281 | <listitem><para>Specifies a Netlink family to create a socket | |
282 | for to listen on. This expects a short string referring to the | |
283 | <constant>AF_NETLINK</constant> family name (such as | |
284 | <varname>audit</varname> or <varname>kobject-uevent</varname>) | |
285 | as argument, optionally suffixed by a whitespace followed by a | |
286 | multicast group integer. Behavior otherwise is very similar to | |
287 | the <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname> directive | |
288 | above.</para></listitem> | |
289 | </varlistentry> | |
290 | ||
291 | <varlistentry> | |
292 | <term><varname>ListenMessageQueue=</varname></term> | |
293 | <listitem><para>Specifies a POSIX message queue name to listen | |
294 | on. This expects a valid message queue name (i.e. beginning | |
295 | with /). Behavior otherwise is very similar to the | |
296 | <varname>ListenFIFO=</varname> directive above. On Linux | |
297 | message queue descriptors are actually file descriptors and | |
298 | can be inherited between processes.</para></listitem> | |
299 | </varlistentry> | |
300 | ||
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301 | <varlistentry> |
302 | <term><varname>ListenUSBFunction=</varname></term> | |
3d314510 LP |
303 | <listitem><para>Specifies a <ulink |
304 | url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/usb/functionfs.txt">USB | |
00bb64ec | 305 | FunctionFS</ulink> endpoints location to listen on, for |
3d314510 | 306 | implementation of USB gadget functions. This expects an |
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307 | absolute file system path of functionfs mount point as the argument. |
308 | Behavior otherwise is very similar to the <varname>ListenFIFO=</varname> | |
a8eaaee7 | 309 | directive above. Use this to open the FunctionFS endpoint |
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310 | <filename>ep0</filename>. When using this option, the |
311 | activated service has to have the | |
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312 | <varname>USBFunctionDescriptors=</varname> and |
313 | <varname>USBFunctionStrings=</varname> options set. | |
81eb21b9 | 314 | </para></listitem> |
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315 | </varlistentry> |
316 | ||
74bb646e SS |
317 | <varlistentry> |
318 | <term><varname>SocketProtocol=</varname></term> | |
319 | <listitem><para>Takes a one of <option>udplite</option> | |
320 | or <option>sctp</option>. Specifies a socket protocol | |
321 | (<constant>IPPROTO_UDPLITE</constant>) UDP-Lite | |
322 | (<constant>IPPROTO_SCTP</constant>) SCTP socket respectively. </para> | |
323 | </listitem> | |
324 | </varlistentry> | |
325 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
326 | <varlistentry> |
327 | <term><varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname></term> | |
328 | <listitem><para>Takes a one of <option>default</option>, | |
329 | <option>both</option> or <option>ipv6-only</option>. Controls | |
330 | the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 331 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
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332 | for details). If <option>both</option>, IPv6 sockets bound |
333 | will be accessible via both IPv4 and IPv6. If | |
334 | <option>ipv6-only</option>, they will be accessible via IPv6 | |
335 | only. If <option>default</option> (which is the default, | |
336 | surprise!), the system wide default setting is used, as | |
337 | controlled by | |
338 | <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/bindv6only</filename>, which in | |
339 | turn defaults to the equivalent of | |
340 | <option>both</option>.</para> | |
341 | </listitem> | |
342 | </varlistentry> | |
343 | ||
344 | <varlistentry> | |
345 | <term><varname>Backlog=</varname></term> | |
346 | <listitem><para>Takes an unsigned integer argument. Specifies | |
347 | the number of connections to queue that have not been accepted | |
348 | yet. This setting matters only for stream and sequential | |
349 | packet sockets. See | |
350 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>listen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
351 | for details. Defaults to SOMAXCONN (128).</para></listitem> | |
352 | </varlistentry> | |
353 | ||
354 | <varlistentry> | |
355 | <term><varname>BindToDevice=</varname></term> | |
356 | <listitem><para>Specifies a network interface name to bind | |
357 | this socket to. If set, traffic will only be accepted from the | |
358 | specified network interfaces. This controls the | |
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359 | SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option (see <citerefentry |
360 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
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361 | for details). If this option is used, an automatic dependency |
362 | from this socket unit on the network interface device unit | |
363 | (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
c129bd5d LP |
364 | is created. Note that setting this parameter might result in |
365 | additional dependencies to be added to the unit (see | |
366 | above).</para></listitem> | |
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367 | </varlistentry> |
368 | ||
369 | <varlistentry> | |
370 | <term><varname>SocketUser=</varname></term> | |
371 | <term><varname>SocketGroup=</varname></term> | |
372 | ||
373 | <listitem><para>Takes a UNIX user/group name. When specified, | |
374 | all AF_UNIX sockets and FIFO nodes in the file system are | |
375 | owned by the specified user and group. If unset (the default), | |
376 | the nodes are owned by the root user/group (if run in system | |
377 | context) or the invoking user/group (if run in user context). | |
378 | If only a user is specified but no group, then the group is | |
379 | derived from the user's default group.</para></listitem> | |
380 | </varlistentry> | |
381 | ||
382 | <varlistentry> | |
383 | <term><varname>SocketMode=</varname></term> | |
384 | <listitem><para>If listening on a file system socket or FIFO, | |
385 | this option specifies the file system access mode used when | |
386 | creating the file node. Takes an access mode in octal | |
387 | notation. Defaults to 0666.</para></listitem> | |
388 | </varlistentry> | |
389 | ||
390 | <varlistentry> | |
391 | <term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term> | |
392 | <listitem><para>If listening on a file system socket or FIFO, | |
393 | the parent directories are automatically created if needed. | |
394 | This option specifies the file system access mode used when | |
395 | creating these directories. Takes an access mode in octal | |
396 | notation. Defaults to 0755.</para></listitem> | |
397 | </varlistentry> | |
398 | ||
399 | <varlistentry> | |
400 | <term><varname>Accept=</varname></term> | |
401 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, a service | |
402 | instance is spawned for each incoming connection and only the | |
403 | connection socket is passed to it. If false, all listening | |
404 | sockets themselves are passed to the started service unit, and | |
405 | only one service unit is spawned for all connections (also see | |
406 | above). This value is ignored for datagram sockets and FIFOs | |
407 | where a single service unit unconditionally handles all | |
408 | incoming traffic. Defaults to <option>false</option>. For | |
409 | performance reasons, it is recommended to write new daemons | |
410 | only in a way that is suitable for | |
411 | <option>Accept=false</option>. A daemon listening on an | |
412 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> socket may, but does not need to, | |
413 | call | |
414 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>close</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
415 | on the received socket before exiting. However, it must not | |
416 | unlink the socket from a file system. It should not invoke | |
417 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
418 | on sockets it got with <varname>Accept=false</varname>, but it | |
419 | may do so for sockets it got with | |
420 | <varname>Accept=true</varname> set. Setting | |
421 | <varname>Accept=true</varname> is mostly useful to allow | |
422 | daemons designed for usage with | |
b5c7d097 | 423 | <citerefentry project='freebsd'><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 | 424 | to work unmodified with systemd socket |
3b1c5241 SL |
425 | activation.</para> |
426 | ||
b938cb90 | 427 | <para>For IPv4 and IPv6 connections, the <varname>REMOTE_ADDR</varname> |
a8eaaee7 | 428 | environment variable will contain the remote IP address, and <varname>REMOTE_PORT</varname> |
3b1c5241 | 429 | will contain the remote port. This is the same as the format used by CGI. |
b938cb90 | 430 | For SOCK_RAW, the port is the IP protocol.</para></listitem> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
431 | </varlistentry> |
432 | ||
55301ec0 LP |
433 | <varlistentry> |
434 | <term><varname>Writable=</varname></term> | |
435 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. May only be used in | |
436 | conjunction with <varname>ListenSpecial=</varname>. If true, | |
437 | the specified special file is opened in read-write mode, if | |
b938cb90 | 438 | false, in read-only mode. Defaults to false.</para></listitem> |
55301ec0 LP |
439 | </varlistentry> |
440 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
441 | <varlistentry> |
442 | <term><varname>MaxConnections=</varname></term> | |
443 | <listitem><para>The maximum number of connections to | |
444 | simultaneously run services instances for, when | |
445 | <option>Accept=true</option> is set. If more concurrent | |
446 | connections are coming in, they will be refused until at least | |
447 | one existing connection is terminated. This setting has no | |
448 | effect on sockets configured with | |
449 | <option>Accept=false</option> or datagram sockets. Defaults to | |
450 | 64.</para></listitem> | |
451 | </varlistentry> | |
452 | ||
453 | <varlistentry> | |
9d565427 SS |
454 | <term><varname>MaxConnectionsPerSource=</varname></term> |
455 | <listitem><para>The maximum number of connections for a service per source IP address. | |
cfaf4b75 | 456 | This is very similar to the <varname>MaxConnections=</varname> directive |
9d565427 SS |
457 | above. Disabled by default.</para> |
458 | </listitem> | |
459 | </varlistentry> | |
460 | ||
461 | <varlistentry> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
462 | <term><varname>KeepAlive=</varname></term> |
463 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, the TCP/IP | |
464 | stack will send a keep alive message after 2h (depending on | |
465 | the configuration of | |
466 | <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time</filename>) | |
467 | for all TCP streams accepted on this socket. This controls the | |
468 | SO_KEEPALIVE socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 469 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
470 | and the <ulink |
471 | url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP | |
472 | Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.) Defaults to | |
473 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
474 | </varlistentry> | |
475 | ||
476 | <varlistentry> | |
477 | <term><varname>KeepAliveTimeSec=</varname></term> | |
b938cb90 | 478 | <listitem><para>Takes time (in seconds) as argument. The connection needs to remain |
798d3a52 ZJS |
479 | idle before TCP starts sending keepalive probes. This controls the TCP_KEEPIDLE |
480 | socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 481 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
482 | and the <ulink |
483 | url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP | |
484 | Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.) | |
485 | Defaults value is 7200 seconds (2 hours).</para></listitem> | |
486 | </varlistentry> | |
487 | ||
488 | <varlistentry> | |
489 | <term><varname>KeepAliveIntervalSec=</varname></term> | |
490 | <listitem><para>Takes time (in seconds) as argument between | |
491 | individual keepalive probes, if the socket option SO_KEEPALIVE | |
a8eaaee7 | 492 | has been set on this socket. This controls |
798d3a52 | 493 | the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option (see |
3ba3a79d | 494 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
495 | and the <ulink |
496 | url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP | |
497 | Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.) Defaults value is 75 | |
498 | seconds.</para></listitem> | |
499 | </varlistentry> | |
500 | ||
501 | <varlistentry> | |
502 | <term><varname>KeepAliveProbes=</varname></term> | |
7ca41557 | 503 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer as argument. It is the number of |
798d3a52 ZJS |
504 | unacknowledged probes to send before considering the |
505 | connection dead and notifying the application layer. This | |
506 | controls the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 507 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
508 | and the <ulink |
509 | url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP | |
510 | Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.) Defaults value is | |
511 | 9.</para></listitem> | |
512 | </varlistentry> | |
513 | ||
514 | <varlistentry> | |
515 | <term><varname>NoDelay=</varname></term> | |
516 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. TCP Nagle's | |
517 | algorithm works by combining a number of small outgoing | |
518 | messages, and sending them all at once. This controls the | |
519 | TCP_NODELAY socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 520 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>tcp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
521 | Defaults to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> |
522 | </varlistentry> | |
523 | ||
524 | <varlistentry> | |
525 | <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term> | |
526 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer argument controlling the | |
527 | priority for all traffic sent from this socket. This controls | |
528 | the SO_PRIORITY socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 529 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
530 | for details.).</para></listitem> |
531 | </varlistentry> | |
532 | ||
533 | <varlistentry> | |
534 | <term><varname>DeferAcceptSec=</varname></term> | |
535 | ||
536 | <listitem><para>Takes time (in seconds) as argument. If set, | |
537 | the listening process will be awakened only when data arrives | |
538 | on the socket, and not immediately when connection is | |
539 | established. When this option is set, the | |
540 | <constant>TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT</constant> socket option will be | |
541 | used (see | |
3ba3a79d | 542 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>tcp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>), |
798d3a52 ZJS |
543 | and the kernel will ignore initial ACK packets without any |
544 | data. The argument specifies the approximate amount of time | |
545 | the kernel should wait for incoming data before falling back | |
2dd67817 | 546 | to the normal behavior of honoring empty ACK packets. This |
798d3a52 ZJS |
547 | option is beneficial for protocols where the client sends the |
548 | data first (e.g. HTTP, in contrast to SMTP), because the | |
549 | server process will not be woken up unnecessarily before it | |
550 | can take any action. | |
551 | </para> | |
552 | ||
553 | <para>If the client also uses the | |
554 | <constant>TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT</constant> option, the latency of | |
555 | the initial connection may be reduced, because the kernel will | |
556 | send data in the final packet establishing the connection (the | |
557 | third packet in the "three-way handshake").</para> | |
558 | ||
559 | <para>Disabled by default.</para> | |
560 | </listitem> | |
561 | </varlistentry> | |
562 | ||
563 | <varlistentry> | |
564 | <term><varname>ReceiveBuffer=</varname></term> | |
565 | <term><varname>SendBuffer=</varname></term> | |
566 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer argument controlling the | |
567 | receive or send buffer sizes of this socket, respectively. | |
568 | This controls the SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUF socket options (see | |
3ba3a79d | 569 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
570 | for details.). The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and |
571 | are understood to the base of 1024.</para></listitem> | |
572 | </varlistentry> | |
573 | ||
574 | <varlistentry> | |
575 | <term><varname>IPTOS=</varname></term> | |
576 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer argument controlling the IP | |
577 | Type-Of-Service field for packets generated from this socket. | |
578 | This controls the IP_TOS socket option (see | |
3ba3a79d | 579 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
580 | for details.). Either a numeric string or one of |
581 | <option>low-delay</option>, <option>throughput</option>, | |
582 | <option>reliability</option> or <option>low-cost</option> may | |
583 | be specified.</para></listitem> | |
584 | </varlistentry> | |
585 | ||
586 | <varlistentry> | |
587 | <term><varname>IPTTL=</varname></term> | |
588 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer argument controlling the IPv4 | |
589 | Time-To-Live/IPv6 Hop-Count field for packets generated from | |
590 | this socket. This sets the IP_TTL/IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket | |
591 | options (see | |
3ba3a79d | 592 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 | 593 | and |
3ba3a79d | 594 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
595 | for details.)</para></listitem> |
596 | </varlistentry> | |
597 | ||
598 | <varlistentry> | |
599 | <term><varname>Mark=</varname></term> | |
600 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer value. Controls the firewall | |
601 | mark of packets generated by this socket. This can be used in | |
602 | the firewall logic to filter packets from this socket. This | |
603 | sets the SO_MARK socket option. See | |
3ba3a79d | 604 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
605 | for details.</para></listitem> |
606 | </varlistentry> | |
607 | ||
608 | <varlistentry> | |
609 | <term><varname>ReusePort=</varname></term> | |
610 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. If true, allows | |
611 | multiple | |
612 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bind</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>s | |
613 | to this TCP or UDP port. This controls the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
614 | option. See | |
3ba3a79d | 615 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
616 | for details.</para></listitem> |
617 | </varlistentry> | |
618 | ||
619 | <varlistentry> | |
620 | <term><varname>SmackLabel=</varname></term> | |
621 | <term><varname>SmackLabelIPIn=</varname></term> | |
622 | <term><varname>SmackLabelIPOut=</varname></term> | |
623 | <listitem><para>Takes a string value. Controls the extended | |
624 | attributes <literal>security.SMACK64</literal>, | |
625 | <literal>security.SMACK64IPIN</literal> and | |
626 | <literal>security.SMACK64IPOUT</literal>, respectively, i.e. | |
627 | the security label of the FIFO, or the security label for the | |
628 | incoming or outgoing connections of the socket, respectively. | |
629 | See <ulink | |
630 | url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Smack.txt">Smack.txt</ulink> | |
631 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
632 | </varlistentry> | |
633 | ||
634 | <varlistentry> | |
635 | <term><varname>SELinuxContextFromNet=</varname></term> | |
636 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. When true, systemd | |
637 | will attempt to figure out the SELinux label used for the | |
638 | instantiated service from the information handed by the peer | |
639 | over the network. Note that only the security level is used | |
640 | from the information provided by the peer. Other parts of the | |
641 | resulting SELinux context originate from either the target | |
642 | binary that is effectively triggered by socket unit or from | |
643 | the value of the <varname>SELinuxContext=</varname> option. | |
644 | This configuration option only affects sockets with | |
645 | <varname>Accept=</varname> mode set to | |
646 | <literal>true</literal>. Also note that this option is useful | |
647 | only when MLS/MCS SELinux policy is deployed. Defaults to | |
648 | <literal>false</literal>. </para></listitem> | |
649 | </varlistentry> | |
650 | ||
651 | <varlistentry> | |
652 | <term><varname>PipeSize=</varname></term> | |
653 | <listitem><para>Takes a size in bytes. Controls the pipe | |
654 | buffer size of FIFOs configured in this socket unit. See | |
655 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fcntl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
656 | for details. The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and are | |
657 | understood to the base of 1024.</para></listitem> | |
658 | </varlistentry> | |
659 | ||
660 | <varlistentry> | |
661 | <term><varname>MessageQueueMaxMessages=</varname>, | |
662 | <varname>MessageQueueMessageSize=</varname></term> | |
663 | <listitem><para>These two settings take integer values and | |
664 | control the mq_maxmsg field or the mq_msgsize field, | |
665 | respectively, when creating the message queue. Note that | |
666 | either none or both of these variables need to be set. See | |
3ba3a79d | 667 | <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>mq_setattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
668 | for details.</para></listitem> |
669 | </varlistentry> | |
670 | ||
671 | <varlistentry> | |
672 | <term><varname>FreeBind=</varname></term> | |
673 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. Controls whether the | |
674 | socket can be bound to non-local IP addresses. This is useful | |
675 | to configure sockets listening on specific IP addresses before | |
676 | those IP addresses are successfully configured on a network | |
677 | interface. This sets the IP_FREEBIND socket option. For | |
678 | robustness reasons it is recommended to use this option | |
679 | whenever you bind a socket to a specific IP address. Defaults | |
680 | to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
681 | </varlistentry> | |
682 | ||
683 | <varlistentry> | |
684 | <term><varname>Transparent=</varname></term> | |
685 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. Controls the | |
686 | IP_TRANSPARENT socket option. Defaults to | |
687 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
688 | </varlistentry> | |
689 | ||
690 | <varlistentry> | |
691 | <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term> | |
692 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. This controls the | |
693 | SO_BROADCAST socket option, which allows broadcast datagrams | |
694 | to be sent from this socket. Defaults to | |
695 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
696 | </varlistentry> | |
697 | ||
698 | <varlistentry> | |
699 | <term><varname>PassCredentials=</varname></term> | |
700 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. This controls the | |
701 | SO_PASSCRED socket option, which allows | |
702 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> sockets to receive the | |
703 | credentials of the sending process in an ancillary message. | |
704 | Defaults to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
705 | </varlistentry> | |
706 | ||
707 | <varlistentry> | |
708 | <term><varname>PassSecurity=</varname></term> | |
709 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value. This controls the | |
710 | SO_PASSSEC socket option, which allows | |
711 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> sockets to receive the security | |
712 | context of the sending process in an ancillary message. | |
713 | Defaults to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
714 | </varlistentry> | |
715 | ||
716 | <varlistentry> | |
717 | <term><varname>TCPCongestion=</varname></term> | |
718 | <listitem><para>Takes a string value. Controls the TCP | |
719 | congestion algorithm used by this socket. Should be one of | |
720 | "westwood", "veno", "cubic", "lp" or any other available | |
721 | algorithm supported by the IP stack. This setting applies only | |
722 | to stream sockets.</para></listitem> | |
723 | </varlistentry> | |
724 | ||
725 | <varlistentry> | |
726 | <term><varname>ExecStartPre=</varname></term> | |
727 | <term><varname>ExecStartPost=</varname></term> | |
728 | <listitem><para>Takes one or more command lines, which are | |
729 | executed before or after the listening sockets/FIFOs are | |
730 | created and bound, respectively. The first token of the | |
731 | command line must be an absolute filename, then followed by | |
732 | arguments for the process. Multiple command lines may be | |
733 | specified following the same scheme as used for | |
734 | <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of service unit | |
735 | files.</para></listitem> | |
736 | </varlistentry> | |
737 | ||
738 | <varlistentry> | |
739 | <term><varname>ExecStopPre=</varname></term> | |
740 | <term><varname>ExecStopPost=</varname></term> | |
741 | <listitem><para>Additional commands that are executed before | |
742 | or after the listening sockets/FIFOs are closed and removed, | |
743 | respectively. Multiple command lines may be specified | |
744 | following the same scheme as used for | |
745 | <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of service unit | |
746 | files.</para></listitem> | |
747 | </varlistentry> | |
748 | ||
749 | <varlistentry> | |
750 | <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term> | |
751 | <listitem><para>Configures the time to wait for the commands | |
752 | specified in <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>, | |
753 | <varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>, | |
754 | <varname>ExecStopPre=</varname> and | |
755 | <varname>ExecStopPost=</varname> to finish. If a command does | |
756 | not exit within the configured time, the socket will be | |
757 | considered failed and be shut down again. All commands still | |
758 | running will be terminated forcibly via | |
759 | <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, and after another delay of this | |
760 | time with <constant>SIGKILL</constant>. (See | |
761 | <option>KillMode=</option> in | |
762 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.) | |
763 | Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span value such | |
764 | as "5min 20s". Pass <literal>0</literal> to disable the | |
765 | timeout logic. Defaults to | |
766 | <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> from the manager | |
767 | configuration file (see | |
768 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). | |
769 | </para></listitem> | |
770 | </varlistentry> | |
771 | ||
772 | <varlistentry> | |
773 | <term><varname>Service=</varname></term> | |
774 | <listitem><para>Specifies the service unit name to activate on | |
775 | incoming traffic. This setting is only allowed for sockets | |
776 | with <varname>Accept=no</varname>. It defaults to the service | |
777 | that bears the same name as the socket (with the suffix | |
778 | replaced). In most cases, it should not be necessary to use | |
c129bd5d LP |
779 | this option. Note that setting this parameter might result in |
780 | additional dependencies to be added to the unit (see | |
781 | above).</para></listitem> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
782 | </varlistentry> |
783 | ||
784 | <varlistentry> | |
785 | <term><varname>RemoveOnStop=</varname></term> | |
786 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If enabled, any file | |
787 | nodes created by this socket unit are removed when it is | |
788 | stopped. This applies to AF_UNIX sockets in the file system, | |
789 | POSIX message queues, FIFOs, as well as any symlinks to them | |
790 | configured with <varname>Symlinks=</varname>. Normally, it | |
791 | should not be necessary to use this option, and is not | |
792 | recommended as services might continue to run after the socket | |
793 | unit has been terminated and it should still be possible to | |
794 | communicate with them via their file system node. Defaults to | |
795 | off.</para></listitem> | |
796 | </varlistentry> | |
797 | ||
798 | <varlistentry> | |
799 | <term><varname>Symlinks=</varname></term> | |
800 | <listitem><para>Takes a list of file system paths. The | |
801 | specified paths will be created as symlinks to the AF_UNIX | |
802 | socket path or FIFO path of this socket unit. If this setting | |
803 | is used, only one AF_UNIX socket in the file system or one | |
804 | FIFO may be configured for the socket unit. Use this option to | |
805 | manage one or more symlinked alias names for a socket, binding | |
806 | their lifecycle together. Defaults to the empty | |
807 | list.</para></listitem> | |
808 | </varlistentry> | |
809 | ||
8dd4c05b LP |
810 | <varlistentry> |
811 | <term><varname>FileDescriptorName=</varname></term> | |
812 | <listitem><para>Assigns a name to all file descriptors this | |
813 | socket unit encapsulates. This is useful to help activated | |
a8eaaee7 | 814 | services identify specific file descriptors, if multiple fds |
8dd4c05b LP |
815 | are passed. Services may use the |
816 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
817 | call to acquire the names configured for the received file | |
818 | descriptors. Names may contain any ASCII character, but must | |
a8eaaee7 | 819 | exclude control characters and <literal>:</literal>, and must |
8dd4c05b | 820 | be at most 255 characters in length. If this setting is not |
b938cb90 | 821 | used, the file descriptor name defaults to the name of the |
8dd4c05b LP |
822 | socket unit, including its <filename>.socket</filename> |
823 | suffix.</para></listitem> | |
824 | </varlistentry> | |
825 | ||
8b26cdbd LP |
826 | <varlistentry> |
827 | <term><varname>TriggerLimitIntervalSec=</varname></term> | |
db985064 | 828 | <term><varname>TriggerLimitBurst=</varname></term> |
8b26cdbd LP |
829 | |
830 | <listitem><para>Configures a limit on how often this socket unit my be activated within a specific time | |
831 | interval. The <varname>TriggerLimitIntervalSec=</varname> may be used to configure the length of the time | |
832 | interval in the usual time units <literal>us</literal>, <literal>ms</literal>, <literal>s</literal>, | |
1f15ce28 | 833 | <literal>min</literal>, <literal>h</literal>, … and defaults to 2s (See |
8b26cdbd | 834 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on |
1f15ce28 LP |
835 | the various time units understood). The <varname>TriggerLimitBurst=</varname> setting takes a positive integer |
836 | value and specifies the number of permitted activations per time interval, and defaults to 200 for | |
837 | <varname>Accept=yes</varname> sockets (thus by default permitting 200 activations per 2s), and 20 otherwise (20 | |
838 | activations per 2s). Set either to 0 to disable any form of trigger rate limiting. If the limit is hit, the | |
839 | socket unit is placed into a failure mode, and will not be connectible anymore until restarted. Note that this | |
840 | limit is enforced before the service activation is enqueued.</para></listitem> | |
8b26cdbd LP |
841 | </varlistentry> |
842 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
843 | </variablelist> |
844 | ||
845 | <para>Check | |
846 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
847 | and | |
848 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
849 | for more settings.</para> | |
850 | ||
851 | </refsect1> | |
852 | ||
853 | <refsect1> | |
854 | <title>See Also</title> | |
855 | <para> | |
856 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
857 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
858 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
859 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
860 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
861 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
862 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
8dd4c05b LP |
863 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
864 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
865 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
798d3a52 | 866 | </para> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
867 | <para> |
868 | For more extensive descriptions see the "systemd for Developers" series: | |
869 | <ulink url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activation.html">Socket Activation</ulink>, | |
870 | <ulink url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activation2.html">Socket Activation, part II</ulink>, | |
871 | <ulink url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/inetd.html">Converting inetd Services</ulink>, | |
872 | <ulink url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activated-containers.html">Socket Activated Internet Services and OS Containers</ulink>. | |
873 | </para> | |
874 | </refsect1> | |
1f812fea LP |
875 | |
876 | </refentry> |