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1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" | |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [ |
4 | <!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" > | |
5 | %entities; | |
6 | ]> | |
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7 | |
8 | <!-- | |
9 | This file is part of systemd. | |
10 | ||
11 | Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering | |
12 | ||
13 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
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14 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
15 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
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16 | (at your option) any later version. |
17 | ||
18 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
19 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
20 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
5430f7f2 | 21 | Lesser General Public License for more details. |
d1ab0ca0 | 22 | |
5430f7f2 | 23 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
d1ab0ca0 LP |
24 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
25 | --> | |
26 | ||
27 | <refentry id="systemd.unit"> | |
28 | ||
29 | <refentryinfo> | |
30 | <title>systemd.unit</title> | |
31 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
32 | ||
33 | <authorgroup> | |
34 | <author> | |
35 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
36 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
37 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
38 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
39 | </author> | |
40 | </authorgroup> | |
41 | </refentryinfo> | |
42 | ||
43 | <refmeta> | |
44 | <refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle> | |
45 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
46 | </refmeta> | |
47 | ||
48 | <refnamediv> | |
49 | <refname>systemd.unit</refname> | |
34511ca7 | 50 | <refpurpose>Unit configuration</refpurpose> |
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51 | </refnamediv> |
52 | ||
53 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
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54 | <para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>, |
55 | <filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>, | |
56 | <filename><replaceable>device</replaceable>.device</filename>, | |
57 | <filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>, | |
58 | <filename><replaceable>automount</replaceable>.automount</filename>, | |
59 | <filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename>, | |
60 | <filename><replaceable>target</replaceable>.target</filename>, | |
61 | <filename><replaceable>path</replaceable>.path</filename>, | |
62 | <filename><replaceable>timer</replaceable>.timer</filename>, | |
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63 | <filename><replaceable>snapshot</replaceable>.snapshot</filename>, |
64 | <filename><replaceable>slice</replaceable>.slice</filename>, | |
65 | <filename><replaceable>scope</replaceable>.scope</filename></para> | |
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66 | |
67 | <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/systemd/system/*</filename> | |
68 | <filename>/run/systemd/system/*</filename> | |
69 | <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/*</filename> | |
70 | <filename>...</filename> | |
71 | </literallayout></para> | |
72 | ||
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73 | <para><literallayout><filename>$HOME/.config/systemd/user/*</filename> |
74 | <filename>/etc/systemd/user/*</filename> | |
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75 | <filename>/run/systemd/user/*</filename> |
76 | <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/user/*</filename> | |
77 | <filename>...</filename> | |
78 | </literallayout></para> | |
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79 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
80 | ||
81 | <refsect1> | |
82 | <title>Description</title> | |
83 | ||
84 | <para>A unit configuration file encodes information | |
771610b0 | 85 | about a service, a socket, a device, a mount point, an |
436c44a5 | 86 | automount point, a swap file or partition, a start-up |
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87 | target, a watched file system path, a timer controlled |
88 | and supervised by | |
89 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
90 | a temporary system state snapshot, a resource | |
91 | management slice or a group of externally created | |
92 | processes. The syntax is inspired by <ulink | |
11e29955 | 93 | url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG |
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94 | Desktop Entry Specification</ulink> |
95 | <filename>.desktop</filename> files, which are in turn | |
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96 | inspired by Microsoft Windows |
97 | <filename>.ini</filename> files.</para> | |
d1ab0ca0 | 98 | |
bb31a4ac | 99 | <para>This man page lists the common configuration |
58c16a1a | 100 | options of all the unit types. These options need to |
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101 | be configured in the [Unit] or [Install] |
102 | sections of the unit files.</para> | |
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103 | |
104 | <para>In addition to the generic [Unit] and [Install] | |
8afbb8e1 | 105 | sections described here, each unit may have a |
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106 | type-specific section, e.g. [Service] for a service |
107 | unit. See the respective man pages for more | |
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108 | information: |
109 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
110 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
111 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
112 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
113 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
114 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
115 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
116 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
117 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
118 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
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119 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
120 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
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121 | </para> |
122 | ||
6baf995c ZJS |
123 | <para>Various settings are allowed to be specified |
124 | more than once, in which case the interpretation | |
125 | depends on the setting. Often, multiple settings form | |
126 | a list, and setting to an empty value "resets", which | |
127 | means that previous assignments are ignored. When this | |
128 | is allowed, it is mentioned in the description of the | |
129 | setting. Note that using multiple assignments to the | |
130 | same value makes the unit file incompatible with | |
131 | parsers for the XDG <filename>.desktop</filename> file | |
132 | format.</para> | |
133 | ||
13219b7f ZJS |
134 | <para>Unit files are loaded from a set of paths |
135 | determined during compilation, described in the next section. | |
136 | </para> | |
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137 | |
138 | <para>Unit files may contain additional options on top | |
139 | of those listed here. If systemd encounters an unknown | |
79640424 | 140 | option, it will write a warning log message but |
11e29955 | 141 | continue loading the unit. If an option is prefixed |
79640424 | 142 | with <option>X-</option>, it is ignored completely by |
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143 | systemd. Applications may use this to include |
144 | additional information in the unit files.</para> | |
145 | ||
146 | <para>Boolean arguments used in unit files can be | |
6cbdbc5f | 147 | written in various formats. For positive settings the |
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148 | strings <option>1</option>, <option>yes</option>, |
149 | <option>true</option> and <option>on</option> are | |
79640424 | 150 | equivalent. For negative settings, the strings |
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151 | <option>0</option>, <option>no</option>, |
152 | <option>false</option> and <option>off</option> are | |
153 | equivalent.</para> | |
154 | ||
0d624a78 LP |
155 | <para>Time span values encoded in unit files can be |
156 | written in various formats. A stand-alone number | |
157 | specifies a time in seconds. If suffixed with a time | |
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158 | unit, the unit is honored. A concatenation of multiple |
159 | values with units is supported, in which case the | |
160 | values are added up. Example: "50" refers to 50 | |
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161 | seconds; "2min 200ms" refers to 2 minutes plus 200 |
162 | milliseconds, i.e. 120200ms. The following time units | |
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163 | are understood: s, min, h, d, w, ms, us. For details |
164 | see | |
165 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
0d624a78 | 166 | |
11e29955 | 167 | <para>Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are |
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168 | ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending |
169 | in a backslash are concatenated with the following | |
170 | line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a | |
171 | space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para> | |
11e29955 | 172 | |
11e29955 | 173 | <para>Along with a unit file |
79640424 | 174 | <filename>foo.service</filename>, the directory |
11e29955 | 175 | <filename>foo.service.wants/</filename> may exist. All |
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176 | unit files symlinked from such a directory are |
177 | implicitly added as dependencies of type | |
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178 | <varname>Wanted=</varname> to the unit. This is useful |
179 | to hook units into the start-up of other units, | |
8afbb8e1 | 180 | without having to modify their unit files. For details |
79640424 | 181 | about the semantics of <varname>Wanted=</varname>, see |
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182 | below. The preferred way to create symlinks in the |
183 | <filename>.wants/</filename> directory of a unit file | |
184 | is with the <command>enable</command> command of the | |
ee5762e3 | 185 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
11e29955 | 186 | tool which reads information from the [Install] |
8afbb8e1 | 187 | section of unit files (see below). A similar |
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188 | functionality exists for <varname>Requires=</varname> |
189 | type dependencies as well, the directory suffix is | |
190 | <filename>.requires/</filename> in this case.</para> | |
11e29955 | 191 | |
8afbb8e1 | 192 | <para>Along with a unit file |
79640424 | 193 | <filename>foo.service</filename>, a directory |
8afbb8e1 | 194 | <filename>foo.service.d/</filename> may exist. All |
479fe882 | 195 | files with the suffix <literal>.conf</literal> from |
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196 | this directory will be parsed after the file itself is |
197 | parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration | |
198 | settings to a unit, without having to modify their | |
199 | unit files. Make sure that the file that is included | |
200 | has the appropriate section headers before any | |
201 | directive.</para> | |
202 | ||
203 | <para>If a line starts with <option>.include</option> | |
e9dd9f95 | 204 | followed by a filename, the specified file will be |
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205 | parsed at this point. Make sure that the file that is |
206 | included has the appropriate section headers before | |
207 | any directives.</para> | |
208 | ||
11e29955 LP |
209 | <para>Note that while systemd offers a flexible |
210 | dependency system between units it is recommended to | |
e65c85ab | 211 | use this functionality only sparingly and instead rely |
11e29955 | 212 | on techniques such as bus-based or socket-based |
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213 | activation which make dependencies implicit, resulting |
214 | in a both simpler and more flexible system.</para> | |
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215 | |
216 | <para>Some unit names reflect paths existing in the | |
12f25b6e | 217 | file system namespace. Example: a device unit |
1f812fea | 218 | <filename>dev-sda.device</filename> refers to a device |
845c5324 | 219 | with the device node <filename noindex='true'>/dev/sda</filename> in |
79640424 | 220 | the file system namespace. If this applies, a special |
085b94ee | 221 | way to escape the path name is used, so that the |
e9dd9f95 | 222 | result is usable as part of a filename. Basically, |
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223 | given a path, "/" is replaced by "-", and all |
224 | unprintable characters and the "-" are replaced by | |
225 | C-style "\x20" escapes. The root directory "/" is | |
226 | encoded as single dash, while otherwise the initial | |
227 | and ending "/" is removed from all paths during | |
228 | transformation. This escaping is reversible.</para> | |
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229 | |
230 | <para>Optionally, units may be instantiated from a | |
231 | template file at runtime. This allows creation of | |
232 | multiple units from a single configuration file. If | |
79640424 | 233 | systemd looks for a unit configuration file, it will |
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234 | first search for the literal unit name in the |
235 | filesystem. If that yields no success and the unit | |
05cc7267 | 236 | name contains an <literal>@</literal> character, systemd will look for a |
1f812fea | 237 | unit template that shares the same name but with the |
05cc7267 | 238 | instance string (i.e. the part between the <literal>@</literal> character |
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239 | and the suffix) removed. Example: if a service |
240 | <filename>getty@tty3.service</filename> is requested | |
241 | and no file by that name is found, systemd will look | |
242 | for <filename>getty@.service</filename> and | |
243 | instantiate a service from that configuration file if | |
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244 | it is found.</para> |
245 | ||
246 | <para>To refer to the instance string from | |
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247 | within the configuration file you may use the special |
248 | <literal>%i</literal> specifier in many of the | |
8afbb8e1 | 249 | configuration options. See below for details.</para> |
b9aea954 | 250 | |
6daf4f90 | 251 | <para>If a unit file is empty (i.e. has the file size |
79640424 | 252 | 0) or is symlinked to <filename>/dev/null</filename>, |
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253 | its configuration will not be loaded and it appears |
254 | with a load state of <literal>masked</literal>, and | |
255 | cannot be activated. Use this as an effective way to | |
256 | fully disable a unit, making it impossible to start it | |
257 | even manually.</para> | |
258 | ||
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259 | <para>The unit file format is covered by the |
260 | <ulink | |
261 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface | |
262 | Stability Promise</ulink>.</para> | |
8afbb8e1 | 263 | |
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264 | </refsect1> |
265 | ||
13219b7f | 266 | <refsect1> |
00d1818b | 267 | <title>Unit Load Path</title> |
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268 | |
269 | <para>Unit files are loaded from a set of paths | |
270 | determined during compilation, described in the two | |
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271 | tables below. Unit files found in directories listed |
272 | earlier override files with the same name in | |
273 | directories lower in the list.</para> | |
13219b7f | 274 | |
00d1818b | 275 | <para>When systemd is running in user mode |
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276 | (<option>--user</option>) and the variable |
277 | <varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname> is set, this | |
278 | contents of this variable overrides the unit load | |
279 | path. | |
280 | </para> | |
281 | ||
282 | <table> | |
283 | <title> | |
284 | Load path when running in system mode (<option>--system</option>). | |
285 | </title> | |
286 | ||
287 | <tgroup cols='2'> | |
288 | <colspec colname='path' /> | |
289 | <colspec colname='expl' /> | |
290 | <thead> | |
291 | <row> | |
292 | <entry>Path</entry> | |
293 | <entry>Description</entry> | |
294 | </row> | |
295 | </thead> | |
296 | <tbody> | |
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297 | <row> |
298 | <entry><filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename></entry> | |
00d1818b | 299 | <entry>Local configuration</entry> |
13219b7f ZJS |
300 | </row> |
301 | <row> | |
6f88df57 | 302 | <entry><filename>/run/systemd/system</filename></entry> |
6f47d17c | 303 | <entry>Runtime units</entry> |
13219b7f | 304 | </row> |
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305 | <row> |
306 | <entry><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system</filename></entry> | |
6f47d17c | 307 | <entry>Units of installed packages</entry> |
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308 | </row> |
309 | </tbody> | |
310 | </tgroup> | |
311 | </table> | |
312 | ||
313 | <table> | |
314 | <title> | |
42539b5e | 315 | Load path when running in user mode (<option>--user</option>). |
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316 | </title> |
317 | ||
318 | <tgroup cols='2'> | |
319 | <colspec colname='path' /> | |
320 | <colspec colname='expl' /> | |
321 | <thead> | |
322 | <row> | |
323 | <entry>Path</entry> | |
324 | <entry>Description</entry> | |
325 | </row> | |
326 | </thead> | |
327 | <tbody> | |
328 | <row> | |
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329 | <entry><filename>$HOME/.config/systemd/user</filename></entry> |
330 | <entry>User configuration</entry> | |
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331 | </row> |
332 | <row> | |
333 | <entry><filename>/etc/systemd/user</filename></entry> | |
00d1818b | 334 | <entry>Local configuration</entry> |
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335 | </row> |
336 | <row> | |
337 | <entry><filename>/run/systemd/user</filename></entry> | |
6f47d17c | 338 | <entry>Runtime units</entry> |
13219b7f ZJS |
339 | </row> |
340 | <row> | |
341 | <entry><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/user</filename></entry> | |
6f47d17c | 342 | <entry>Units of installed packages</entry> |
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343 | </row> |
344 | </tbody> | |
345 | </tgroup> | |
346 | </table> | |
347 | ||
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348 | <para>Additional units might be loaded into systemd |
349 | ("linked") from directories not on the unit load | |
350 | path. See the <command>link</command> command for | |
6f47d17c LP |
351 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Also, |
352 | some units are dynamically created via generators | |
353 | <ulink | |
354 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators/">Generators</ulink>. | |
13219b7f ZJS |
355 | </para> |
356 | </refsect1> | |
357 | ||
d1ab0ca0 LP |
358 | <refsect1> |
359 | <title>Options</title> | |
360 | ||
771610b0 LP |
361 | <para>Unit file may include a [Unit] section, which |
362 | carries generic information about the unit that is not | |
363 | dependent on the type of unit:</para> | |
364 | ||
ccc9a4f9 | 365 | <variablelist class='unit-directives'> |
11e29955 LP |
366 | |
367 | <varlistentry> | |
368 | <term><varname>Description=</varname></term> | |
369 | <listitem><para>A free-form string | |
62adf224 LP |
370 | describing the unit. This is intended |
371 | for use in UIs to show descriptive | |
372 | information along with the unit | |
693093c6 MS |
373 | name. The description should contain a name |
374 | that means something to the end user. | |
375 | <literal>Apache2 Web Server</literal> is a good | |
376 | example. Bad examples are | |
377 | <literal>high-performance light-weight HTTP | |
378 | server</literal> (too generic) or | |
379 | <literal>Apache2</literal> (too specific and | |
380 | meaningless for people who do not know | |
381 | Apache).</para></listitem> | |
11e29955 LP |
382 | </varlistentry> |
383 | ||
49dbfa7b LP |
384 | <varlistentry> |
385 | <term><varname>Documentation=</varname></term> | |
e9dd9f95 | 386 | <listitem><para>A space-separated list |
49dbfa7b LP |
387 | of URIs referencing documentation for |
388 | this unit or its | |
389 | configuration. Accepted are only URIs | |
390 | of the types | |
391 | <literal>http://</literal>, | |
392 | <literal>https://</literal>, | |
393 | <literal>file:</literal>, | |
394 | <literal>info:</literal>, | |
395 | <literal>man:</literal>. For more | |
396 | information about the syntax of these | |
e9dd9f95 | 397 | URIs, see |
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398 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uri</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The |
399 | URIs should be listed in order of | |
400 | relevance, starting with the most | |
401 | relevant. It is a good idea to first | |
402 | reference documentation that explains | |
403 | what the unit's purpose is, followed | |
404 | by how it is configured, followed by | |
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405 | any other related documentation. This |
406 | option may be specified more than once | |
407 | in which case the specified list of | |
408 | URIs is merged. If the empty string is | |
e9dd9f95 | 409 | assigned to this option, the list is |
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410 | reset and all prior assignments will |
411 | have no effect.</para></listitem> | |
49dbfa7b LP |
412 | </varlistentry> |
413 | ||
d1ab0ca0 | 414 | <varlistentry> |
9f235308 | 415 | <term><varname>Requires=</varname></term> |
771610b0 | 416 | |
11e29955 | 417 | <listitem><para>Configures requirement |
771610b0 | 418 | dependencies on other units. If this |
58c16a1a | 419 | unit gets activated, the units listed |
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420 | here will be activated as well. If one |
421 | of the other units gets deactivated or | |
422 | its activation fails, this unit will | |
423 | be deactivated. This option may be | |
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424 | specified more than once or multiple |
425 | space-separated units may be specified | |
426 | in one option in which case | |
427 | requirement dependencies for all | |
428 | listed names will be created. Note | |
429 | that requirement dependencies do not | |
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430 | influence the order in which services |
431 | are started or stopped. This has to be | |
432 | configured independently with the | |
433 | <varname>After=</varname> or | |
434 | <varname>Before=</varname> options. If | |
435 | a unit | |
436 | <filename>foo.service</filename> | |
437 | requires a unit | |
438 | <filename>bar.service</filename> as | |
439 | configured with | |
440 | <varname>Requires=</varname> and no | |
441 | ordering is configured with | |
442 | <varname>After=</varname> or | |
443 | <varname>Before=</varname>, then both | |
444 | units will be started simultaneously | |
445 | and without any delay between them if | |
446 | <filename>foo.service</filename> is | |
447 | activated. Often it is a better choice | |
448 | to use <varname>Wants=</varname> | |
449 | instead of | |
450 | <varname>Requires=</varname> in order | |
451 | to achieve a system that is more | |
452 | robust when dealing with failing | |
5c315b4f ZJS |
453 | services.</para> |
454 | ||
455 | <para>Note that dependencies of this | |
456 | type may also be configured outside of | |
457 | the unit configuration file by | |
458 | adding a symlink to a | |
459 | <filename>.requires/</filename> directory | |
460 | accompanying the unit file. For | |
461 | details see above.</para></listitem> | |
d1ab0ca0 | 462 | </varlistentry> |
11e29955 | 463 | |
11e29955 LP |
464 | <varlistentry> |
465 | <term><varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname></term> | |
466 | ||
467 | <listitem><para>Similar to | |
468 | <varname>Requires=</varname>. | |
469 | Dependencies listed in | |
470 | <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname> | |
471 | which cannot be fulfilled or fail to | |
58c16a1a | 472 | start are ignored if the startup was |
11e29955 LP |
473 | explicitly requested by the user. If |
474 | the start-up was pulled in indirectly | |
475 | by some dependency or automatic | |
476 | start-up of units that is not | |
79640424 | 477 | requested by the user, this dependency |
11e29955 LP |
478 | must be fulfilled and otherwise the |
479 | transaction fails. Hence, this option | |
480 | may be used to configure dependencies | |
4176e530 | 481 | that are normally honored unless the |
11e29955 LP |
482 | user explicitly starts up the unit, in |
483 | which case whether they failed or not | |
484 | is irrelevant.</para></listitem> | |
485 | ||
486 | </varlistentry> | |
487 | <varlistentry> | |
488 | <term><varname>Requisite=</varname></term> | |
489 | <term><varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname></term> | |
490 | ||
491 | <listitem><para>Similar to | |
6a44e50f ZJS |
492 | <varname>Requires=</varname> and |
493 | <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>, | |
494 | respectively. However, if the units | |
495 | listed here are not started already | |
496 | they will not be started and the | |
497 | transaction will fail immediately. | |
498 | </para></listitem> | |
11e29955 LP |
499 | </varlistentry> |
500 | ||
501 | <varlistentry> | |
502 | <term><varname>Wants=</varname></term> | |
503 | ||
504 | <listitem><para>A weaker version of | |
6a44e50f | 505 | <varname>Requires=</varname>. Units |
11e29955 LP |
506 | listed in this option will be started |
507 | if the configuring unit is. However, | |
6a44e50f | 508 | if the listed units fail to start |
11e29955 LP |
509 | or cannot be added to the transaction |
510 | this has no impact on the validity of | |
511 | the transaction as a whole. This is | |
512 | the recommended way to hook start-up | |
513 | of one unit to the start-up of another | |
5c315b4f ZJS |
514 | unit.</para> |
515 | ||
516 | <para>Note that dependencies of this | |
11e29955 | 517 | type may also be configured outside of |
6a44e50f ZJS |
518 | the unit configuration file by adding |
519 | symlinks to a | |
11e29955 LP |
520 | <filename>.wants/</filename> directory |
521 | accompanying the unit file. For | |
522 | details see above.</para></listitem> | |
523 | </varlistentry> | |
524 | ||
b81884e7 | 525 | <varlistentry> |
7f2cddae | 526 | <term><varname>BindsTo=</varname></term> |
b81884e7 LP |
527 | |
528 | <listitem><para>Configures requirement | |
529 | dependencies, very similar in style to | |
530 | <varname>Requires=</varname>, however | |
c5315881 | 531 | in addition to this behavior it also |
b81884e7 LP |
532 | declares that this unit is stopped |
533 | when any of the units listed suddenly | |
534 | disappears. Units can suddenly, | |
535 | unexpectedly disappear if a service | |
536 | terminates on its own choice, a device | |
537 | is unplugged or a mount point | |
21931dbe | 538 | unmounted without involvement of |
b81884e7 LP |
539 | systemd.</para></listitem> |
540 | </varlistentry> | |
541 | ||
85e9a101 MS |
542 | <varlistentry> |
543 | <term><varname>PartOf=</varname></term> | |
544 | ||
f3d52e8c MS |
545 | <listitem><para>Configures dependencies |
546 | similar to <varname>Requires=</varname>, | |
547 | but limited to stopping and restarting | |
548 | of units. When systemd stops or restarts | |
549 | the units listed here, the action is | |
550 | propagated to this unit. | |
6a44e50f | 551 | Note that this is a one way dependency — |
f3d52e8c MS |
552 | changes to this unit do not affect the |
553 | listed units. | |
554 | </para></listitem> | |
85e9a101 MS |
555 | </varlistentry> |
556 | ||
11e29955 LP |
557 | <varlistentry> |
558 | <term><varname>Conflicts=</varname></term> | |
559 | ||
6a44e50f ZJS |
560 | <listitem><para>A space-separated list |
561 | of unit names. Configures negative | |
11e29955 | 562 | requirement dependencies. If a unit |
6a44e50f ZJS |
563 | has a <varname>Conflicts=</varname> |
564 | setting on another unit, starting the | |
565 | former will stop the latter and vice | |
11e29955 LP |
566 | versa. Note that this setting is |
567 | independent of and orthogonal to the | |
568 | <varname>After=</varname> and | |
569 | <varname>Before=</varname> ordering | |
69dd2852 LP |
570 | dependencies.</para> |
571 | ||
572 | <para>If a unit A that conflicts with | |
573 | a unit B is scheduled to be started at | |
574 | the same time as B, the transaction | |
575 | will either fail (in case both are | |
576 | required part of the transaction) or | |
577 | be modified to be fixed (in case one | |
578 | or both jobs are not a required part | |
579 | of the transaction). In the latter | |
580 | case the job that is not the required | |
581 | will be removed, or in case both are | |
582 | not required the unit that conflicts | |
583 | will be started and the unit that is | |
584 | conflicted is | |
585 | stopped.</para></listitem> | |
11e29955 LP |
586 | </varlistentry> |
587 | ||
588 | <varlistentry> | |
589 | <term><varname>Before=</varname></term> | |
590 | <term><varname>After=</varname></term> | |
591 | ||
6a44e50f ZJS |
592 | <listitem><para>A space-separated list |
593 | of unit names. Configures ordering | |
11e29955 LP |
594 | dependencies between units. If a unit |
595 | <filename>foo.service</filename> | |
596 | contains a setting | |
597 | <option>Before=bar.service</option> | |
58c16a1a | 598 | and both units are being started, |
11e29955 LP |
599 | <filename>bar.service</filename>'s |
600 | start-up is delayed until | |
601 | <filename>foo.service</filename> is | |
602 | started up. Note that this setting is | |
603 | independent of and orthogonal to the | |
604 | requirement dependencies as configured | |
605 | by <varname>Requires=</varname>. It is | |
606 | a common pattern to include a unit | |
607 | name in both the | |
608 | <varname>After=</varname> and | |
609 | <varname>Requires=</varname> option in | |
610 | which case the unit listed will be | |
611 | started before the unit that is | |
612 | configured with these options. This | |
613 | option may be specified more than | |
614 | once, in which case ordering | |
615 | dependencies for all listed names are | |
616 | created. <varname>After=</varname> is | |
617 | the inverse of | |
618 | <varname>Before=</varname>, i.e. while | |
619 | <varname>After=</varname> ensures that | |
620 | the configured unit is started after | |
621 | the listed unit finished starting up, | |
622 | <varname>Before=</varname> ensures the | |
623 | opposite, i.e. that the configured | |
624 | unit is fully started up before the | |
625 | listed unit is started. Note that when | |
626 | two units with an ordering dependency | |
627 | between them are shut down, the | |
58c16a1a | 628 | inverse of the start-up order is |
11e29955 LP |
629 | applied. i.e. if a unit is configured |
630 | with <varname>After=</varname> on | |
631 | another unit, the former is stopped | |
632 | before the latter if both are shut | |
633 | down. If one unit with an ordering | |
634 | dependency on another unit is shut | |
635 | down while the latter is started up, | |
636 | the shut down is ordered before the | |
637 | start-up regardless whether the | |
638 | ordering dependency is actually of | |
639 | type <varname>After=</varname> or | |
640 | <varname>Before=</varname>. If two | |
641 | units have no ordering dependencies | |
6a44e50f ZJS |
642 | between them, they are shut down or |
643 | started up simultaneously, and no | |
644 | ordering takes | |
11e29955 LP |
645 | place. </para></listitem> |
646 | </varlistentry> | |
647 | ||
b9975629 LP |
648 | <varlistentry> |
649 | <term><varname>OnFailure=</varname></term> | |
650 | ||
6a44e50f ZJS |
651 | <listitem><para>A space-separated list |
652 | of one or more units that are | |
653 | activated when this unit enters the | |
909f413d | 654 | <literal>failed</literal> |
74ac3cbd | 655 | state.</para></listitem> |
b9975629 LP |
656 | </varlistentry> |
657 | ||
4dcc1cb4 | 658 | <varlistentry> |
7f2cddae LP |
659 | <term><varname>PropagatesReloadTo=</varname></term> |
660 | <term><varname>ReloadPropagatedFrom=</varname></term> | |
4dcc1cb4 | 661 | |
6a44e50f ZJS |
662 | <listitem><para>A space-separated list |
663 | of one or more units where reload | |
664 | requests on this unit will be | |
665 | propagated to, or reload requests on | |
666 | the other unit will be propagated to | |
667 | this unit, respectively. Issuing a | |
668 | reload request on a unit will | |
669 | automatically also enqueue a reload | |
670 | request on all units that the reload | |
671 | request shall be propagated to via | |
672 | these two settings.</para></listitem> | |
4dcc1cb4 LP |
673 | </varlistentry> |
674 | ||
613b411c LP |
675 | <varlistentry> |
676 | <term><varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname></term> | |
677 | ||
678 | <listitem><para>For units that start | |
679 | processes (such as service units), | |
680 | lists one or more other units whose | |
681 | network and/or temporary file | |
682 | namespace to join. This only applies | |
683 | to unit types which support the | |
684 | <varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname> and | |
685 | <varname>PrivateTmp=</varname> | |
686 | directives (see | |
687 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
688 | for details). If a unit that has this | |
689 | setting set is started its processes | |
690 | will see the same | |
691 | <filename>/tmp</filename>, | |
692 | <filename>/tmp/var</filename> and | |
693 | network namespace as one listed unit | |
694 | that is started. If multiple listed | |
695 | units are already started it is not | |
696 | defined which namespace is | |
697 | joined. Note that this setting only | |
698 | has an effect if | |
699 | <varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname> | |
700 | and/or <varname>PrivateTmp=</varname> | |
701 | is enabled for both the unit that | |
702 | joins the namespace and the unit whose | |
703 | namespace is joined.</para></listitem> | |
704 | </varlistentry> | |
705 | ||
7c8fa05c LP |
706 | <varlistentry> |
707 | <term><varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname></term> | |
708 | ||
e9dd9f95 JSJ |
709 | <listitem><para>Takes a space-separated |
710 | list of absolute paths. Automatically | |
7c8fa05c LP |
711 | adds dependencies of type |
712 | <varname>Requires=</varname> and | |
713 | <varname>After=</varname> for all | |
714 | mount units required to access the | |
715 | specified path.</para></listitem> | |
716 | </varlistentry> | |
717 | ||
222ae6a8 | 718 | <varlistentry> |
d420282b LP |
719 | <term><varname>OnFailureJobMode=</varname></term> |
720 | ||
721 | <listitem><para>Takes a value of | |
722 | <literal>fail</literal>, | |
723 | <literal>replace</literal>, | |
4dc5b821 LP |
724 | <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>, |
725 | <literal>isolate</literal>, | |
726 | <literal>flush</literal>, | |
727 | <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> | |
d420282b | 728 | or |
4dc5b821 | 729 | <literal>ignore-requirements</literal>. Defaults |
d420282b LP |
730 | to |
731 | <literal>replace</literal>. Specifies | |
732 | how the units listed in | |
222ae6a8 | 733 | <varname>OnFailure=</varname> will be |
4dc5b821 LP |
734 | enqueued. See |
735 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s | |
736 | <option>--job-mode=</option> option | |
737 | for details on the possible values. If | |
d420282b LP |
738 | this is set to |
739 | <literal>isolate</literal>, only a | |
222ae6a8 | 740 | single unit may be listed in |
d420282b | 741 | <varname>OnFailure=</varname>..</para></listitem> |
222ae6a8 LP |
742 | </varlistentry> |
743 | ||
c8f4d764 LP |
744 | <varlistentry> |
745 | <term><varname>IgnoreOnIsolate=</varname></term> | |
746 | ||
747 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 748 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
c8f4d764 LP |
749 | this unit will not be stopped when |
750 | isolating another unit. Defaults to | |
751 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
752 | </varlistentry> | |
753 | ||
7a6000a6 LP |
754 | <varlistentry> |
755 | <term><varname>IgnoreOnSnapshot=</varname></term> | |
756 | ||
757 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 758 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
7a6000a6 LP |
759 | this unit will not be included in |
760 | snapshots. Defaults to | |
4e7f8bc8 ZJS |
761 | <option>true</option> for device and |
762 | snapshot units, <option>false</option> | |
7a6000a6 LP |
763 | for the others.</para></listitem> |
764 | </varlistentry> | |
765 | ||
11e29955 LP |
766 | <varlistentry> |
767 | <term><varname>StopWhenUnneeded=</varname></term> | |
768 | ||
769 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 770 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
11e29955 LP |
771 | this unit will be stopped when it is |
772 | no longer used. Note that in order to | |
58c16a1a OÇ |
773 | minimize the work to be executed, |
774 | systemd will not stop units by default | |
11e29955 LP |
775 | unless they are conflicting with other |
776 | units, or the user explicitly | |
777 | requested their shut down. If this | |
58c16a1a | 778 | option is set, a unit will be |
11e29955 LP |
779 | automatically cleaned up if no other |
780 | active unit requires it. Defaults to | |
781 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
782 | </varlistentry> | |
783 | ||
784 | <varlistentry> | |
b5e9dba8 LP |
785 | <term><varname>RefuseManualStart=</varname></term> |
786 | <term><varname>RefuseManualStop=</varname></term> | |
11e29955 LP |
787 | |
788 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 789 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
58c16a1a | 790 | this unit can only be activated |
16dad32e | 791 | or deactivated indirectly. In |
79640424 | 792 | this case, explicit start-up |
16dad32e | 793 | or termination requested by the |
b5e9dba8 | 794 | user is denied, however if it is |
16dad32e | 795 | started or stopped as a |
58c16a1a | 796 | dependency of another unit, start-up |
16dad32e | 797 | or termination will succeed. This |
b5e9dba8 LP |
798 | is mostly a safety feature to ensure |
799 | that the user does not accidentally | |
800 | activate units that are not intended | |
801 | to be activated explicitly, and not | |
802 | accidentally deactivate units that are | |
803 | not intended to be deactivated. | |
804 | These options default to | |
11e29955 LP |
805 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> |
806 | </varlistentry> | |
807 | ||
2528a7a6 LP |
808 | <varlistentry> |
809 | <term><varname>AllowIsolate=</varname></term> | |
810 | ||
811 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 812 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
2528a7a6 LP |
813 | this unit may be used with the |
814 | <command>systemctl isolate</command> | |
79640424 | 815 | command. Otherwise, this will be |
2528a7a6 LP |
816 | refused. It probably is a good idea to |
817 | leave this disabled except for target | |
818 | units that shall be used similar to | |
819 | runlevels in SysV init systems, just | |
820 | as a precaution to avoid unusable | |
821 | system states. This option defaults to | |
822 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
823 | </varlistentry> | |
824 | ||
62adf224 LP |
825 | <varlistentry> |
826 | <term><varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname></term> | |
827 | ||
828 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 829 | argument. If <option>true</option>, |
62adf224 LP |
830 | (the default), a few default |
831 | dependencies will implicitly be | |
832 | created for the unit. The actual | |
833 | dependencies created depend on the | |
834 | unit type. For example, for service | |
835 | units, these dependencies ensure that | |
836 | the service is started only after | |
837 | basic system initialization is | |
58c16a1a | 838 | completed and is properly terminated on |
62adf224 LP |
839 | system shutdown. See the respective |
840 | man pages for details. Generally, only | |
841 | services involved with early boot or | |
842 | late shutdown should set this option | |
843 | to <option>false</option>. It is | |
844 | highly recommended to leave this | |
845 | option enabled for the majority of | |
846 | common units. If set to | |
409dee2e | 847 | <option>false</option>, this option |
62adf224 LP |
848 | does not disable all implicit |
849 | dependencies, just non-essential | |
850 | ones.</para></listitem> | |
851 | </varlistentry> | |
852 | ||
b9975629 LP |
853 | <varlistentry> |
854 | <term><varname>JobTimeoutSec=</varname></term> | |
855 | ||
856 | <listitem><para>When clients are | |
857 | waiting for a job of this unit to | |
858 | complete, time out after the specified | |
79640424 | 859 | time. If this time limit is reached, |
b9975629 LP |
860 | the job will be cancelled, the unit |
861 | however will not change state or even | |
909f413d | 862 | enter the <literal>failed</literal> |
74ac3cbd MM |
863 | mode. This value defaults to 0 (job |
864 | timeouts disabled), except for device | |
865 | units. NB: this timeout is independent | |
866 | from any unit-specific timeout (for | |
867 | example, the timeout set with | |
b9975629 | 868 | <varname>Timeout=</varname> in service |
74ac3cbd MM |
869 | units) as the job timeout has no |
870 | effect on the unit itself, only on the | |
871 | job that might be pending for it. Or | |
872 | in other words: unit-specific timeouts | |
b9975629 LP |
873 | are useful to abort unit state |
874 | changes, and revert them. The job | |
875 | timeout set with this option however | |
74ac3cbd MM |
876 | is useful to abort only the job |
877 | waiting for the unit state to | |
878 | change.</para></listitem> | |
b9975629 LP |
879 | </varlistentry> |
880 | ||
52661efd LP |
881 | <varlistentry> |
882 | <term><varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname></term> | |
8092a428 | 883 | <term><varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname></term> |
c61e77d3 | 884 | <term><varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname></term> |
0d60602c | 885 | <term><varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname></term> |
ab7f148f | 886 | <term><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname></term> |
d0516109 | 887 | <term><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname></term> |
36af55d9 | 888 | <term><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname></term> |
742a862b | 889 | <term><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname></term> |
82e487c5 | 890 | <term><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname></term> |
52661efd | 891 | <term><varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname></term> |
039655a4 | 892 | <term><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname></term> |
69528c31 | 893 | <term><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname></term> |
62590f23 | 894 | <term><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname></term> |
c0d6e764 | 895 | <term><varname>ConditionHost=</varname></term> |
240dbaa4 | 896 | <term><varname>ConditionACPower=</varname></term> |
d257ddef | 897 | <term><varname>ConditionNull=</varname></term> |
52661efd LP |
898 | |
899 | <listitem><para>Before starting a unit | |
900 | verify that the specified condition is | |
79640424 | 901 | true. If it is not true, the starting |
c0d6e764 LP |
902 | of the unit will be skipped, however |
903 | all ordering dependencies of it are | |
904 | still respected. A failing condition | |
905 | will not result in the unit being | |
906 | moved into a failure state. The | |
907 | condition is checked at the time the | |
908 | queued start job is to be | |
909 | executed.</para> | |
910 | ||
911 | <para>With | |
52661efd | 912 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> |
c0d6e764 | 913 | a file existence condition is |
52661efd LP |
914 | checked before a unit is started. If |
915 | the specified absolute path name does | |
79640424 | 916 | not exist, the condition will |
c0d6e764 LP |
917 | fail. If the absolute path name passed |
918 | to | |
52661efd LP |
919 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> |
920 | is prefixed with an exclamation mark | |
909f413d | 921 | (<literal>!</literal>), the test is negated, and the unit |
418112a2 | 922 | is only started if the path does not |
c0d6e764 LP |
923 | exist.</para> |
924 | ||
925 | <para><varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname> | |
926 | is similar to | |
927 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>, | |
928 | but checks for the existence of at | |
929 | least one file or directory matching | |
930 | the specified globbing pattern.</para> | |
931 | ||
932 | <para><varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname> | |
ab7f148f LP |
933 | is similar to |
934 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
935 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
8571962c | 936 | exists and is a |
c0d6e764 LP |
937 | directory.</para> |
938 | ||
939 | <para><varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname> | |
0d60602c MS |
940 | is similar to |
941 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
942 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
8095200d | 943 | exists and is a symbolic |
c0d6e764 LP |
944 | link.</para> |
945 | ||
946 | <para><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname> | |
ab7f148f LP |
947 | is similar to |
948 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
949 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
950 | exists and is a mount | |
c0d6e764 LP |
951 | point.</para> |
952 | ||
953 | <para><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname> | |
d0516109 LP |
954 | is similar to |
955 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
956 | but verifies whether the underlying | |
c0d6e764 | 957 | file system is readable and writable |
d0516109 | 958 | (i.e. not mounted |
c0d6e764 LP |
959 | read-only).</para> |
960 | ||
742a862b | 961 | <para><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname> |
ab7f148f LP |
962 | is similar to |
963 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
964 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
742a862b LP |
965 | exists and is a non-empty |
966 | directory.</para> | |
c0d6e764 | 967 | |
742a862b | 968 | <para><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname> |
c61e77d3 LP |
969 | is similar to |
970 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
971 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
742a862b LP |
972 | exists and refers to a regular file |
973 | with a non-zero size.</para> | |
974 | ||
975 | <para><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname> | |
976 | is similar to | |
977 | <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname> | |
978 | but verifies whether a certain path | |
979 | exists, is a regular file and marked | |
980 | executable.</para> | |
c0d6e764 | 981 | |
742a862b | 982 | <para>Similar, |
52661efd LP |
983 | <varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname> |
984 | may be used to check whether a | |
985 | specific kernel command line option is | |
986 | set (or if prefixed with the | |
987 | exclamation mark unset). The argument | |
988 | must either be a single word, or an | |
5471472d | 989 | assignment (i.e. two words, separated |
909f413d | 990 | <literal>=</literal>). In the former |
d257ddef LP |
991 | case the kernel command line is |
992 | searched for the word appearing as is, | |
993 | or as left hand side of an | |
994 | assignment. In the latter case the | |
995 | exact assignment is looked for with | |
996 | right and left hand side | |
c0d6e764 LP |
997 | matching.</para> |
998 | ||
999 | <para><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname> | |
039655a4 LP |
1000 | may be used to check whether the |
1001 | system is executed in a virtualized | |
1002 | environment and optionally test | |
1003 | whether it is a specific | |
1004 | implementation. Takes either boolean | |
267632f0 | 1005 | value to check if being executed in |
8095200d LP |
1006 | any virtualized environment, or one of |
1007 | <varname>vm</varname> and | |
62590f23 | 1008 | <varname>container</varname> to test |
c0d6e764 | 1009 | against a generic type of |
62590f23 | 1010 | virtualization solution, or one of |
039655a4 LP |
1011 | <varname>qemu</varname>, |
1012 | <varname>kvm</varname>, | |
1013 | <varname>vmware</varname>, | |
1014 | <varname>microsoft</varname>, | |
1015 | <varname>oracle</varname>, | |
1016 | <varname>xen</varname>, | |
8095200d LP |
1017 | <varname>bochs</varname>, |
1018 | <varname>chroot</varname>, | |
7080ea16 | 1019 | <varname>uml</varname>, |
65bc2c21 LP |
1020 | <varname>openvz</varname>, |
1021 | <varname>lxc</varname>, | |
7d39db92 | 1022 | <varname>lxc-libvirt</varname>, |
d0516109 LP |
1023 | <varname>systemd-nspawn</varname> to |
1024 | test against a specific | |
1025 | implementation. If multiple | |
79640424 | 1026 | virtualization technologies are nested, |
d0516109 LP |
1027 | only the innermost is considered. The |
1028 | test may be negated by prepending an | |
c0d6e764 LP |
1029 | exclamation mark.</para> |
1030 | ||
1031 | <para><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname> | |
8092a428 LP |
1032 | may be used to check whether the given |
1033 | security module is enabled on the | |
9d995d54 | 1034 | system. Currently the recognized values |
b62ee524 | 1035 | values are <varname>selinux</varname>, |
9d995d54 AK |
1036 | <varname>apparmor</varname>, |
1037 | <varname>ima</varname> and | |
b62ee524 | 1038 | <varname>smack</varname>. |
8092a428 | 1039 | The test may be negated by prepending |
62590f23 | 1040 | an exclamation |
c0d6e764 LP |
1041 | mark.</para> |
1042 | ||
1043 | <para><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname> | |
62590f23 LP |
1044 | may be used to check whether the given |
1045 | capability exists in the capability | |
1046 | bounding set of the service manager | |
1047 | (i.e. this does not check whether | |
1048 | capability is actually available in | |
1049 | the permitted or effective sets, see | |
1050 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1051 | for details). Pass a capability name | |
1052 | such as <literal>CAP_MKNOD</literal>, | |
1053 | possibly prefixed with an exclamation | |
c0d6e764 LP |
1054 | mark to negate the check.</para> |
1055 | ||
1056 | <para><varname>ConditionHost=</varname> | |
1057 | may be used to match against the | |
e9dd9f95 JSJ |
1058 | hostname or machine ID of the |
1059 | host. This either takes a hostname | |
c0d6e764 LP |
1060 | string (optionally with shell style |
1061 | globs) which is tested against the | |
e9dd9f95 | 1062 | locally set hostname as returned by |
c0d6e764 LP |
1063 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
1064 | or a machine ID formatted as string | |
1065 | (see | |
1066 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). | |
1067 | The test may be negated by prepending | |
1068 | an exclamation mark.</para> | |
1069 | ||
240dbaa4 | 1070 | <para><varname>ConditionACPower=</varname> |
e711d102 TA |
1071 | may be used to check whether the |
1072 | system has AC power, or is exclusively | |
240dbaa4 LP |
1073 | battery powered at the time of |
1074 | activation of the unit. This takes a | |
1075 | boolean argument. If set to | |
79640424 | 1076 | <varname>true</varname>, the condition |
240dbaa4 LP |
1077 | will hold only if at least one AC |
1078 | connector of the system is connected | |
1079 | to a power source, or if no AC | |
1080 | connectors are known. Conversely, if | |
79640424 | 1081 | set to <varname>false</varname>, the |
240dbaa4 LP |
1082 | condition will hold only if there is |
1083 | at least one AC connector known and | |
1084 | all AC connectors are disconnected | |
1085 | from a power source.</para> | |
1086 | ||
c0d6e764 | 1087 | <para>Finally, |
d257ddef LP |
1088 | <varname>ConditionNull=</varname> may |
1089 | be used to add a constant condition | |
1090 | check value to the unit. It takes a | |
1091 | boolean argument. If set to | |
79640424 | 1092 | <varname>false</varname>, the condition |
d257ddef | 1093 | will always fail, otherwise |
c0d6e764 LP |
1094 | succeed.</para> |
1095 | ||
1096 | <para>If multiple conditions are | |
79640424 | 1097 | specified, the unit will be executed if |
267632f0 LP |
1098 | all of them apply (i.e. a logical AND |
1099 | is applied). Condition checks can be | |
1100 | prefixed with a pipe symbol (|) in | |
1101 | which case a condition becomes a | |
1102 | triggering condition. If at least one | |
1103 | triggering condition is defined for a | |
79640424 | 1104 | unit, then the unit will be executed if |
267632f0 LP |
1105 | at least one of the triggering |
1106 | conditions apply and all of the | |
1107 | non-triggering conditions. If you | |
1108 | prefix an argument with the pipe | |
79640424 | 1109 | symbol and an exclamation mark, the |
267632f0 | 1110 | pipe symbol must be passed first, the |
0d60602c MS |
1111 | exclamation second. Except for |
1112 | <varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>, | |
74051b9b LP |
1113 | all path checks follow symlinks. If |
1114 | any of these options is assigned the | |
79640424 | 1115 | empty string, the list of conditions is |
74051b9b LP |
1116 | reset completely, all previous |
1117 | condition settings (of any kind) will | |
1118 | have no effect.</para></listitem> | |
52661efd | 1119 | </varlistentry> |
e2130f18 | 1120 | |
1b64d026 LP |
1121 | <varlistentry> |
1122 | <term><varname>SourcePath=</varname></term> | |
1123 | <listitem><para>A path to a | |
1124 | configuration file this unit has been | |
1125 | generated from. This is primarily | |
1126 | useful for implementation of generator | |
1127 | tools that convert configuration from | |
1128 | an external configuration file format | |
1129 | into native unit files. Thus | |
1130 | functionality should not be used in | |
1131 | normal units.</para></listitem> | |
1132 | </varlistentry> | |
d1ab0ca0 | 1133 | </variablelist> |
771610b0 LP |
1134 | |
1135 | <para>Unit file may include a [Install] section, which | |
1136 | carries installation information for the unit. This | |
1137 | section is not interpreted by | |
1138 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1139 | during runtime. It is used exclusively by the | |
ee5762e3 LP |
1140 | <command>enable</command> and |
1141 | <command>disable</command> commands of the | |
1142 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
11e29955 | 1143 | tool during installation of a unit:</para> |
771610b0 | 1144 | |
ccc9a4f9 | 1145 | <variablelist class='unit-directives'> |
771610b0 LP |
1146 | <varlistentry> |
1147 | <term><varname>Alias=</varname></term> | |
1148 | ||
6a44e50f ZJS |
1149 | <listitem><para>A space-seperated list |
1150 | of additional names this unit shall be | |
1151 | installed under. The names listed here | |
1152 | must have the same suffix (i.e. type) | |
1153 | as the unit file name. This option may | |
1154 | be specified more than once, in which | |
1155 | case all listed names are used. At | |
1156 | installation time, <command>systemctl | |
1157 | enable</command> will create symlinks | |
1158 | from these names to the unit | |
1159 | filename.</para></listitem> | |
11e29955 LP |
1160 | </varlistentry> |
1161 | ||
1162 | <varlistentry> | |
1163 | <term><varname>WantedBy=</varname></term> | |
78d54bd4 | 1164 | <term><varname>RequiredBy=</varname></term> |
11e29955 | 1165 | |
6a44e50f ZJS |
1166 | <listitem><para>This option may be |
1167 | used more than once, or a | |
1168 | space-separated list of unit names may | |
1169 | be given. A symbolic link is created | |
1170 | in the <filename>.wants/</filename> or | |
1171 | <filename>.requires/</filename> | |
1172 | directory of each of the listed units | |
1173 | when this unit is installed by | |
1174 | <command>systemctl enable</command>. | |
1175 | This has the effect that a dependency | |
1176 | of type <varname>Wants=</varname> or | |
3eb13957 ZJS |
1177 | <varname>Requires=</varname> is added |
1178 | from the listed unit to the current | |
1179 | unit. The primary result is that the | |
1180 | current unit will be started when the | |
1181 | listed unit is started. See the | |
1182 | description of | |
1183 | <varname>Wants=</varname> and | |
1184 | <varname>Requires=</varname> in the | |
1185 | [Unit] section for details.</para> | |
1186 | ||
1187 | <para><command>WantedBy=foo.service</command> | |
11e29955 LP |
1188 | in a service |
1189 | <filename>bar.service</filename> is | |
1190 | mostly equivalent to | |
1191 | <command>Alias=foo.service.wants/bar.service</command> | |
3eb13957 ZJS |
1192 | in the same file. In case of template |
1193 | units, <command>systemctl enable</command> | |
1194 | must be called with an instance name, and | |
1195 | this instance will be added to the | |
1196 | <filename>.wants/</filename> or | |
1197 | <filename>.requires/</filename> list | |
1198 | of the listed unit. | |
1199 | E.g. <command>WantedBy=getty.target</command> | |
1200 | in a service | |
1201 | <filename>getty@.service</filename> | |
1202 | will result in <command>systemctl | |
1203 | enable getty@tty2.service</command> | |
1204 | creating a | |
1205 | <filename>getty.target.wants/getty@tty2.service</filename> | |
1206 | link to <filename>getty@.service</filename>. | |
1207 | </para></listitem> | |
11e29955 LP |
1208 | </varlistentry> |
1209 | ||
1210 | <varlistentry> | |
1211 | <term><varname>Also=</varname></term> | |
1212 | ||
1213 | <listitem><para>Additional units to | |
a7be37a5 LP |
1214 | install/deinstall when this unit is |
1215 | installed/deinstalled. If the user | |
1216 | requests installation/deinstallation | |
1217 | of a unit with this option configured, | |
ee5762e3 | 1218 | <command>systemctl enable</command> |
a7be37a5 LP |
1219 | and <command>systemctl |
1220 | disable</command> will automatically | |
1221 | install/uninstall units listed in this option as | |
6a44e50f ZJS |
1222 | well.</para> |
1223 | ||
1224 | <para>This option may be used more | |
1225 | than once, or a space-separated list | |
1226 | of unit names may be | |
1227 | given.</para></listitem> | |
771610b0 LP |
1228 | </varlistentry> |
1229 | </variablelist> | |
1230 | ||
7584d236 | 1231 | <para>The following specifiers are interpreted in the |
6aaa8c2f | 1232 | Install section: %n, %N, %p, %i, %U, %u, %m, %H, %b, %v. |
7584d236 ZJS |
1233 | For their meaning see the next section. |
1234 | </para> | |
d1ab0ca0 LP |
1235 | </refsect1> |
1236 | ||
8afbb8e1 LP |
1237 | <refsect1> |
1238 | <title>Specifiers</title> | |
1239 | ||
1240 | <para>Many settings resolve specifiers which may be | |
1241 | used to write generic unit files referring to runtime | |
1242 | or unit parameters that are replaced when the unit | |
1243 | files are loaded. The following specifiers are | |
1244 | understood:</para> | |
1245 | ||
1246 | <table> | |
1247 | <title>Specifiers available in unit files</title> | |
1248 | <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> | |
1249 | <colspec colname="spec" /> | |
1250 | <colspec colname="mean" /> | |
1251 | <colspec colname="detail" /> | |
1252 | <thead> | |
1253 | <row> | |
1254 | <entry>Specifier</entry> | |
1255 | <entry>Meaning</entry> | |
1256 | <entry>Details</entry> | |
1257 | </row> | |
1258 | </thead> | |
1259 | <tbody> | |
1260 | <row> | |
1261 | <entry><literal>%n</literal></entry> | |
1262 | <entry>Full unit name</entry> | |
1263 | <entry></entry> | |
1264 | </row> | |
1265 | <row> | |
1266 | <entry><literal>%N</literal></entry> | |
1267 | <entry>Unescaped full unit name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1268 | <entry>Same as <literal>%n</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1269 | </row> |
1270 | <row> | |
1271 | <entry><literal>%p</literal></entry> | |
1272 | <entry>Prefix name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1273 | <entry>For instantiated units this refers to the string before the <literal>@</literal> character of the unit name. For non-instantiated units this refers to the name of the unit with the type suffix removed.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1274 | </row> |
1275 | <row> | |
1276 | <entry><literal>%P</literal></entry> | |
1277 | <entry>Unescaped prefix name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1278 | <entry>Same as <literal>%p</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1279 | </row> |
1280 | <row> | |
1281 | <entry><literal>%i</literal></entry> | |
1282 | <entry>Instance name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1283 | <entry>For instantiated units: this is the string between the <literal>@</literal> character and the suffix of the unit name.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1284 | </row> |
1285 | <row> | |
1286 | <entry><literal>%I</literal></entry> | |
1287 | <entry>Unescaped instance name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1288 | <entry>Same as <literal>%i</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1289 | </row> |
1290 | <row> | |
1291 | <entry><literal>%f</literal></entry> | |
e9dd9f95 | 1292 | <entry>Unescaped filename</entry> |
2cfbd749 | 1293 | <entry>This is either the unescaped instance name (if applicable) with <filename>/</filename> prepended (if applicable), or the prefix name prepended with <filename>/</filename>.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1294 | </row> |
1295 | <row> | |
1296 | <entry><literal>%c</literal></entry> | |
1297 | <entry>Control group path of the unit</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1298 | <entry>This path does not include the <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/</filename> prefix.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1299 | </row> |
1300 | <row> | |
1301 | <entry><literal>%r</literal></entry> | |
2cfbd749 LP |
1302 | <entry>Control group path of the slice the unit is placed in</entry> |
1303 | <entry>This usually maps to the parent cgroup path of <literal>%c</literal>.</entry> | |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1304 | </row> |
1305 | <row> | |
1306 | <entry><literal>%R</literal></entry> | |
2cfbd749 LP |
1307 | <entry>Root control group path where slices and units are placed below</entry> |
1308 | <entry>For system instances, this resolves to <filename>/</filename>, except in containers, where this maps to the container's root control group path.</entry> | |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1309 | </row> |
1310 | <row> | |
1311 | <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry> | |
2cfbd749 LP |
1312 | <entry>Runtime directory</entry> |
1313 | <entry>This is either <filename>/run</filename> (for the system manager) or the path <literal>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</literal> resolves to (for user managers).</entry> | |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1314 | </row> |
1315 | <row> | |
1316 | <entry><literal>%u</literal></entry> | |
1317 | <entry>User name</entry> | |
1318 | <entry>This is the name of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry> | |
1319 | </row> | |
1320 | <row> | |
1321 | <entry><literal>%U</literal></entry> | |
1322 | <entry>User UID</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1323 | <entry>This is the numeric UID of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Note that this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance (as opposed to those run by a systemd user instance), unless the user has been configured as a numeric UID in the first place or the configured user is the root user.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1324 | </row> |
1325 | <row> | |
1326 | <entry><literal>%h</literal></entry> | |
1327 | <entry>User home directory</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1328 | <entry>This is the home directory of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Similar to <literal>%U</literal> this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance, unless the configured user is the root user.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1329 | </row> |
1330 | <row> | |
1331 | <entry><literal>%s</literal></entry> | |
1332 | <entry>User shell</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1333 | <entry>This is the shell of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Similar to <literal>%U</literal> this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance, unless the configured user is the root user.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1334 | </row> |
1335 | <row> | |
1336 | <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry> | |
1337 | <entry>Machine ID</entry> | |
1338 | <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> | |
1339 | </row> | |
1340 | <row> | |
1341 | <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry> | |
1342 | <entry>Boot ID</entry> | |
1343 | <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> | |
1344 | </row> | |
1345 | <row> | |
1346 | <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry> | |
1347 | <entry>Host name</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1348 | <entry>The hostname of the running system at the point in time the unit configuation is loaded.</entry> |
8afbb8e1 | 1349 | </row> |
6aaa8c2f ZJS |
1350 | <row> |
1351 | <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry> | |
1352 | <entry>Kernel release</entry> | |
2cfbd749 | 1353 | <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output</entry> |
6aaa8c2f | 1354 | </row> |
599391d8 ZJS |
1355 | <row> |
1356 | <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry> | |
2cfbd749 LP |
1357 | <entry>Single percent sign</entry> |
1358 | <entry>Use <literal>%%</literal> in place of <literal>%</literal> to specify a single percent sign.</entry> | |
599391d8 | 1359 | </row> |
8afbb8e1 LP |
1360 | </tbody> |
1361 | </tgroup> | |
1362 | </table> | |
1363 | </refsect1> | |
1364 | ||
d1ab0ca0 | 1365 | <refsect1> |
160cd5c9 LP |
1366 | <title>See Also</title> |
1367 | <para> | |
1368 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
771610b0 | 1369 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
771610b0 LP |
1370 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
1371 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1372 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1373 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1374 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1375 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1376 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1377 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1378 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
5f2ee303 | 1379 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
62590f23 | 1380 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
e73eebfd LP |
1381 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
1382 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
7a529f63 | 1383 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
9cc2c8b7 | 1384 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
6aaa8c2f ZJS |
1385 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
1386 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
160cd5c9 | 1387 | </para> |
d1ab0ca0 LP |
1388 | </refsect1> |
1389 | ||
1390 | </refentry> |