Simplify appending SBuf to String (#2108)

[thirdparty/squid.git] / src / adaptation / icap / ModXact.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 1996-2025 The Squid Software Foundation and contributors
 *
 * Squid software is distributed under GPLv2+ license and includes
 * contributions from numerous individuals and organizations.
 * Please see the COPYING and CONTRIBUTORS files for details.
 */

/* DEBUG: section 93    ICAP (RFC 3507) Client */

#include "squid.h"
#include "AccessLogEntry.h"
#include "adaptation/Answer.h"
#include "adaptation/History.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/Client.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/Config.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/History.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/Launcher.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/ModXact.h"
#include "adaptation/icap/ServiceRep.h"
#include "adaptation/Initiator.h"
#include "auth/UserRequest.h"
#include "base/TextException.h"
#include "base64.h"
#include "comm.h"
#include "comm/Connection.h"
#include "error/Detail.h"
#include "error/ExceptionErrorDetail.h"
#include "http/ContentLengthInterpreter.h"
#include "HttpHeaderTools.h"
#include "HttpReply.h"
#include "MasterXaction.h"
#include "parser/Tokenizer.h"
#include "sbuf/Stream.h"

// flow and terminology:
//     HTTP| --> receive --> encode --> write --> |network
//     end | <-- send    <-- parse  <-- read  <-- |end

// TODO: replace gotEncapsulated() with something faster; we call it often

CBDATA_NAMESPACED_CLASS_INIT(Adaptation::Icap, ModXact);
CBDATA_NAMESPACED_CLASS_INIT(Adaptation::Icap, ModXactLauncher);

static constexpr auto TheBackupLimit = BodyPipe::MaxCapacity;

const SBuf Adaptation::Icap::ChunkExtensionValueParser::UseOriginalBodyName("use-original-body");

Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::State::State()
{
    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
}

Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::ModXact(Http::Message *virginHeader,
                                   HttpRequest *virginCause, AccessLogEntry::Pointer &alp, Adaptation::Icap::ServiceRep::Pointer &aService):
    AsyncJob("Adaptation::Icap::ModXact"),
    Adaptation::Icap::Xaction("Adaptation::Icap::ModXact", aService),
    virginConsumed(0),
    bodyParser(nullptr),
    canStartBypass(false), // too early
    protectGroupBypass(true),
    replyHttpHeaderSize(-1),
    replyHttpBodySize(-1),
    adaptHistoryId(-1),
    trailerParser(nullptr),
    alMaster(alp)
{
    assert(virginHeader);

    virgin.setHeader(virginHeader); // sets virgin.body_pipe if needed
    virgin.setCause(virginCause); // may be NULL

    // adapted header and body are initialized when we parse them

    // writing and reading ends are handled by Adaptation::Icap::Xaction

    // encoding
    // nothing to do because we are using temporary buffers

    // parsing; TODO: do not set until we parse, see ICAPOptXact
    icapReply = new HttpReply;
    icapReply->protoPrefix = "ICAP/"; // TODO: make an IcapReply class?

    debugs(93,7, "initialized." << status());
}

// initiator wants us to start
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::start()
{
    Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::start();

    // reserve an adaptation history slot (attempts are known at this time)
    Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = virginRequest().adaptLogHistory();
    if (ah != nullptr)
        adaptHistoryId = ah->recordXactStart(service().cfg().key, icap_tr_start, attempts > 1);

    estimateVirginBody(); // before virgin disappears!

    canStartBypass = service().cfg().bypass;

    // it is an ICAP violation to send request to a service w/o known OPTIONS
    // and the service may is too busy for us: honor Max-Connections and such
    if (service().up() && service().availableForNew())
        startWriting();
    else
        waitForService();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::waitForService()
{
    const char *comment;
    Must(!state.serviceWaiting);

    if (!service().up()) {
        AsyncCall::Pointer call = JobCallback(93,5,
                                              ConnWaiterDialer, this, Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteServiceReady);

        service().callWhenReady(call);
        comment = "to be up";
    } else {
        //The service is unavailable because of max-connection or other reason

        if (service().cfg().onOverload != srvWait) {
            // The service is overloaded, but waiting to be available prohibited by
            // user configuration (onOverload is set to "block" or "bypass")
            if (service().cfg().onOverload == srvBlock)
                disableBypass("not available", true);
            else //if (service().cfg().onOverload == srvBypass)
                canStartBypass = true;

            disableRetries();
            disableRepeats("ICAP service is not available");

            debugs(93, 7, "will not wait for the service to be available" <<
                   status());

            throw TexcHere("ICAP service is not available");
        }

        AsyncCall::Pointer call = JobCallback(93,5,
                                              ConnWaiterDialer, this, Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteServiceAvailable);
        service().callWhenAvailable(call, state.waitedForService);
        comment = "to be available";
    }

    debugs(93, 7, "will wait for the service " << comment <<  status());
    state.serviceWaiting = true; // after callWhenReady() which may throw
    state.waitedForService = true;
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteServiceReady()
{
    Must(state.serviceWaiting);
    state.serviceWaiting = false;

    if (!service().up()) {
        disableRetries();
        disableRepeats("ICAP service is unusable");
        throw TexcHere("ICAP service is unusable");
    }

    if (service().availableForOld())
        startWriting();
    else
        waitForService();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteServiceAvailable()
{
    Must(state.serviceWaiting);
    state.serviceWaiting = false;

    if (service().up() && service().availableForOld())
        startWriting();
    else
        waitForService();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::startWriting()
{
    state.writing = State::writingConnect;

    decideOnPreview(); // must be decided before we decideOnRetries
    decideOnRetries();

    openConnection();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::startShoveling()
{
    Must(state.writing == State::writingConnect);

    startReading(); // wait for early errors from the ICAP server

    MemBuf requestBuf;
    requestBuf.init();

    makeRequestHeaders(requestBuf);
    debugs(93, 9, "will write" << status() << ":\n" <<
           (requestBuf.terminate(), requestBuf.content()));

    // write headers
    state.writing = State::writingHeaders;
    icap_tio_start = current_time;
    scheduleWrite(requestBuf);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handleCommWrote(size_t sz)
{
    debugs(93, 5, "Wrote " << sz << " bytes");

    if (state.writing == State::writingHeaders)
        handleCommWroteHeaders();
    else
        handleCommWroteBody();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handleCommWroteHeaders()
{
    Must(state.writing == State::writingHeaders);

    // determine next step
    if (preview.enabled()) {
        if (preview.done())
            decideWritingAfterPreview("zero-size");
        else
            state.writing = State::writingPreview;
    } else if (virginBody.expected()) {
        state.writing = State::writingPrime;
    } else {
        stopWriting(true);
        return;
    }

    writeMore();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::writeMore()
{
    debugs(93, 5, "checking whether to write more" << status());

    if (writer != nullptr) // already writing something
        return;

    switch (state.writing) {

    case State::writingInit:    // waiting for service OPTIONS
        Must(state.serviceWaiting);
        return;

    case State::writingConnect: // waiting for the connection to establish
    case State::writingHeaders: // waiting for the headers to be written
    case State::writingPaused:  // waiting for the ICAP server response
    case State::writingReallyDone: // nothing more to write
        return;

    case State::writingAlmostDone: // was waiting for the last write
        stopWriting(false);
        return;

    case State::writingPreview:
        writePreviewBody();
        return;

    case State::writingPrime:
        writePrimeBody();
        return;

    default:
        throw TexcHere("Adaptation::Icap::ModXact in bad writing state");
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::writePreviewBody()
{
    debugs(93, 8, "will write Preview body from " <<
           virgin.body_pipe << status());
    Must(state.writing == State::writingPreview);
    Must(virgin.body_pipe != nullptr);

    const size_t sizeMax = (size_t)virgin.body_pipe->buf().contentSize();
    const size_t size = min(preview.debt(), sizeMax);
    writeSomeBody("preview body", size);

    // change state once preview is written

    if (preview.done())
        decideWritingAfterPreview("body");
}

/// determine state.writing after we wrote the entire preview
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::decideWritingAfterPreview(const char *kind)
{
    if (preview.ieof()) // nothing more to write
        stopWriting(true);
    else if (state.parsing == State::psIcapHeader) // did not get a reply yet
        state.writing = State::writingPaused; // wait for the ICAP server reply
    else
        stopWriting(true); // ICAP server reply implies no post-preview writing

    debugs(93, 6, "decided on writing after " << kind << " preview" <<
           status());
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::writePrimeBody()
{
    Must(state.writing == State::writingPrime);
    Must(virginBodyWriting.active());

    const size_t size = (size_t)virgin.body_pipe->buf().contentSize();
    writeSomeBody("prime virgin body", size);

    if (virginBodyEndReached(virginBodyWriting)) {
        debugs(93, 5, "wrote entire body");
        stopWriting(true);
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::writeSomeBody(const char *label, size_t size)
{
    Must(!writer && state.writing < state.writingAlmostDone);
    Must(virgin.body_pipe != nullptr);
    debugs(93, 8, "will write up to " << size << " bytes of " <<
           label);

    MemBuf writeBuf; // TODO: suggest a min size based on size and lastChunk

    writeBuf.init(); // note: we assume that last-chunk will fit

    const size_t writableSize = virginContentSize(virginBodyWriting);
    const size_t chunkSize = min(writableSize, size);

    if (chunkSize) {
        debugs(93, 7, "will write " << chunkSize <<
               "-byte chunk of " << label);

        openChunk(writeBuf, chunkSize, false);
        writeBuf.append(virginContentData(virginBodyWriting), chunkSize);
        closeChunk(writeBuf);

        virginBodyWriting.progress(chunkSize);
        virginConsume();
    } else {
        debugs(93, 7, "has no writable " << label << " content");
    }

    const bool wroteEof = virginBodyEndReached(virginBodyWriting);
    bool lastChunk = wroteEof;
    if (state.writing == State::writingPreview) {
        preview.wrote(chunkSize, wroteEof); // even if wrote nothing
        lastChunk = lastChunk || preview.done();
    }

    if (lastChunk) {
        debugs(93, 8, "will write last-chunk of " << label);
        addLastRequestChunk(writeBuf);
    }

    debugs(93, 7, "will write " << writeBuf.contentSize()
           << " raw bytes of " << label);

    if (writeBuf.hasContent()) {
        scheduleWrite(writeBuf); // comm will free the chunk
    } else {
        writeBuf.clean();
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::addLastRequestChunk(MemBuf &buf)
{
    const bool ieof = state.writing == State::writingPreview && preview.ieof();
    openChunk(buf, 0, ieof);
    closeChunk(buf);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::openChunk(MemBuf &buf, size_t chunkSize, bool ieof)
{
    buf.appendf((ieof ? "%x; ieof\r\n" : "%x\r\n"), (int) chunkSize);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::closeChunk(MemBuf &buf)
{
    buf.append(ICAP::crlf, 2); // chunk-terminating CRLF
}

const HttpRequest &Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::virginRequest() const
{
    const HttpRequest *request = virgin.cause ?
                                 virgin.cause : dynamic_cast<const HttpRequest*>(virgin.header);
    Must(request);
    return *request;
}

// did the activity reached the end of the virgin body?
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::virginBodyEndReached(const Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct &act) const
{
    return
        !act.active() || // did all (assuming it was originally planned)
        !virgin.body_pipe->expectMoreAfter(act.offset()); // will not have more
}

// the size of buffered virgin body data available for the specified activity
// if this size is zero, we may be done or may be waiting for more data
size_t Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::virginContentSize(const Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct &act) const
{
    Must(act.active());
    // asbolute start of unprocessed data
    const uint64_t dataStart = act.offset();
    // absolute end of buffered data
    const uint64_t dataEnd = virginConsumed + virgin.body_pipe->buf().contentSize();
    Must(virginConsumed <= dataStart && dataStart <= dataEnd);
    return static_cast<size_t>(dataEnd - dataStart);
}

// pointer to buffered virgin body data available for the specified activity
const char *Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::virginContentData(const Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct &act) const
{
    Must(act.active());
    const uint64_t dataStart = act.offset();
    Must(virginConsumed <= dataStart);
    return virgin.body_pipe->buf().content() + static_cast<size_t>(dataStart-virginConsumed);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::virginConsume()
{
    debugs(93, 9, "consumption guards: " << !virgin.body_pipe << isRetriable <<
           isRepeatable << canStartBypass << protectGroupBypass);

    if (!virgin.body_pipe)
        return; // nothing to consume

    if (isRetriable)
        return; // do not consume if we may have to retry later

    BodyPipe &bp = *virgin.body_pipe;
    const bool wantToPostpone = isRepeatable || canStartBypass || protectGroupBypass;

    if (wantToPostpone && bp.buf().potentialSpaceSize() > 0) {
        // Postponing may increase memory footprint and slow the HTTP side
        // down. Not postponing may increase the number of ICAP errors
        // if the ICAP service fails. Should the trade-off be configurable?
        debugs(93, 8, "postponing consumption from " << bp.status());
        return;
    }

    const size_t have = static_cast<size_t>(bp.buf().contentSize());
    const uint64_t end = virginConsumed + have;
    uint64_t offset = end;

    debugs(93, 9, "max virgin consumption offset=" << offset <<
           " acts " << virginBodyWriting.active() << virginBodySending.active() <<
           " consumed=" << virginConsumed <<
           " from " << virgin.body_pipe->status());

    if (virginBodyWriting.active())
        offset = min(virginBodyWriting.offset(), offset);

    if (virginBodySending.active())
        offset = min(virginBodySending.offset(), offset);

    Must(virginConsumed <= offset && offset <= end);

    if (const size_t size = static_cast<size_t>(offset - virginConsumed)) {
        debugs(93, 8, "consuming " << size << " out of " << have <<
               " virgin body bytes");
        bp.consume(size);
        virginConsumed += size;
        Must(!isRetriable); // or we should not be consuming
        disableRepeats("consumed content");
        disableBypass("consumed content", true);
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handleCommWroteBody()
{
    writeMore();
}

// Called when we do not expect to call comm_write anymore.
// We may have a pending write though.
// If stopping nicely, we will just wait for that pending write, if any.
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::stopWriting(bool nicely)
{
    if (state.writing == State::writingReallyDone)
        return;

    if (writer != nullptr) {
        if (nicely) {
            debugs(93, 7, "will wait for the last write" << status());
            state.writing = State::writingAlmostDone; // may already be set
            checkConsuming();
            return;
        }
        debugs(93, 3, "will NOT wait for the last write" << status());

        // Comm does not have an interface to clear the writer callback nicely,
        // but without clearing the writer we cannot recycle the connection.
        // We prevent connection reuse and hope that we can handle a callback
        // call at any time, usually in the middle of the destruction sequence!
        // Somebody should add comm_remove_write_handler() to comm API.
        reuseConnection = false;
        ignoreLastWrite = true;
    }

    debugs(93, 7, "will no longer write" << status());
    if (virginBodyWriting.active()) {
        virginBodyWriting.disable();
        virginConsume();
    }
    state.writing = State::writingReallyDone;
    checkConsuming();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::stopBackup()
{
    if (!virginBodySending.active())
        return;

    debugs(93, 7, "will no longer backup" << status());
    virginBodySending.disable();
    virginConsume();
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::doneAll() const
{
    return Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::doneAll() && !state.serviceWaiting &&
           doneSending() &&
           doneReading() && state.doneWriting();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::startReading()
{
    Must(haveConnection());
    Must(!reader);
    Must(!adapted.header);
    Must(!adapted.body_pipe);

    // we use the same buffer for headers and body and then consume headers
    readMore();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::readMore()
{
    if (reader != nullptr || doneReading()) {
        debugs(93,3, "returning from readMore because reader or doneReading()");
        return;
    }

    // do not fill readBuf if we have no space to store the result
    if (adapted.body_pipe != nullptr &&
            !adapted.body_pipe->buf().hasPotentialSpace()) {
        debugs(93,3, "not reading because ICAP reply pipe is full");
        return;
    }

    if (readBuf.length() < SQUID_TCP_SO_RCVBUF)
        scheduleRead();
    else
        debugs(93,3, "cannot read with a full buffer");
}

// comm module read a portion of the ICAP response for us
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handleCommRead(size_t)
{
    Must(!state.doneParsing());
    icap_tio_finish = current_time;
    parseMore();
    readMore();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::echoMore()
{
    Must(state.sending == State::sendingVirgin);
    Must(adapted.body_pipe != nullptr);
    Must(virginBodySending.active());

    const size_t sizeMax = virginContentSize(virginBodySending);
    debugs(93,5, "will echo up to " << sizeMax << " bytes from " <<
           virgin.body_pipe->status());
    debugs(93,5, "will echo up to " << sizeMax << " bytes to   " <<
           adapted.body_pipe->status());

    if (sizeMax > 0) {
        const size_t size = adapted.body_pipe->putMoreData(virginContentData(virginBodySending), sizeMax);
        debugs(93,5, "echoed " << size << " out of " << sizeMax <<
               " bytes");
        virginBodySending.progress(size);
        disableRepeats("echoed content");
        disableBypass("echoed content", true);
        virginConsume();
    }

    if (virginBodyEndReached(virginBodySending)) {
        debugs(93, 5, "echoed all" << status());
        stopSending(true);
    } else {
        debugs(93, 5, "has " <<
               virgin.body_pipe->buf().contentSize() << " bytes " <<
               "and expects more to echo" << status());
        // TODO: timeout if virgin or adapted pipes are broken
    }
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::doneSending() const
{
    return state.sending == State::sendingDone;
}

// stop (or do not start) sending adapted message body
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::stopSending(bool nicely)
{
    debugs(93, 7, "Enter stop sending ");
    if (doneSending())
        return;
    debugs(93, 7, "Proceed with stop sending ");

    if (state.sending != State::sendingUndecided) {
        debugs(93, 7, "will no longer send" << status());
        if (adapted.body_pipe != nullptr) {
            virginBodySending.disable();
            // we may leave debts if we were echoing and the virgin
            // body_pipe got exhausted before we echoed all planned bytes
            const bool leftDebts = adapted.body_pipe->needsMoreData();
            stopProducingFor(adapted.body_pipe, nicely && !leftDebts);
        }
    } else {
        debugs(93, 7, "will not start sending" << status());
        Must(!adapted.body_pipe);
    }

    state.sending = State::sendingDone;
    checkConsuming();
}

// should be called after certain state.writing or state.sending changes
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::checkConsuming()
{
    // quit if we already stopped or are still using the pipe
    if (!virgin.body_pipe || !state.doneConsumingVirgin())
        return;

    debugs(93, 7, "will stop consuming" << status());
    stopConsumingFrom(virgin.body_pipe);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseMore()
{
    debugs(93, 5, "have " << readBuf.length() << " bytes to parse" << status());
    debugs(93, 5, "\n" << readBuf);

    if (state.parsingHeaders())
        parseHeaders();

    if (state.parsing == State::psBody)
        parseBody();

    if (state.parsing == State::psIcapTrailer)
        parseIcapTrailer();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::callException(const std::exception &e)
{
    if (!canStartBypass || isRetriable) {
        if (!isRetriable) {
            if (const TextException *te = dynamic_cast<const TextException *>(&e))
                detailError(new ExceptionErrorDetail(te->id()));
            else
                detailError(new ExceptionErrorDetail(Here().id()));
        }
        Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::callException(e);
        return;
    }

    try {
        debugs(93, 3, "bypassing " << inCall << " exception: " <<
               e.what() << ' ' << status());
        bypassFailure();
    } catch (const TextException &bypassTe) {
        detailError(new ExceptionErrorDetail(bypassTe.id()));
        Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::callException(bypassTe);
    } catch (const std::exception &bypassE) {
        detailError(new ExceptionErrorDetail(Here().id()));
        Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::callException(bypassE);
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::bypassFailure()
{
    disableBypass("already started to bypass", false);

    Must(!isRetriable); // or we should not be bypassing
    // TODO: should the same be enforced for isRepeatable? Check icap_repeat??

    prepEchoing();

    startSending();

    // end all activities associated with the ICAP server

    stopParsing(false);

    stopWriting(true); // or should we force it?
    if (haveConnection()) {
        reuseConnection = false; // be conservative
        cancelRead(); // may not work; and we cannot stop connecting either
        if (!doneWithIo())
            debugs(93, 7, "Warning: bypass failed to stop I/O" << status());
    }

    service().noteFailure(); // we are bypassing, but this is still a failure
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::disableBypass(const char *reason, bool includingGroupBypass)
{
    if (canStartBypass) {
        debugs(93,7, "will never start bypass because " << reason);
        canStartBypass = false;
    }
    if (protectGroupBypass && includingGroupBypass) {
        debugs(93,7, "not protecting group bypass because " << reason);
        protectGroupBypass = false;
    }
}

// note that allocation for echoing is done in handle204NoContent()
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::maybeAllocateHttpMsg()
{
    if (adapted.header) // already allocated
        return;

    if (gotEncapsulated("res-hdr")) {
        adapted.setHeader(new HttpReply);
        setOutcome(service().cfg().method == ICAP::methodReqmod ?
                   xoSatisfied : xoModified);
    } else if (gotEncapsulated("req-hdr")) {
        adapted.setHeader(new HttpRequest(virginRequest().masterXaction));
        setOutcome(xoModified);
    } else
        throw TexcHere("Neither res-hdr nor req-hdr in maybeAllocateHttpMsg()");
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseHeaders()
{
    Must(state.parsingHeaders());

    if (state.parsing == State::psIcapHeader) {
        debugs(93, 5, "parse ICAP headers");
        parseIcapHead();
    }

    if (state.parsing == State::psHttpHeader) {
        debugs(93, 5, "parse HTTP headers");
        parseHttpHead();
    }

    if (state.parsingHeaders()) { // need more data
        Must(mayReadMore());
        return;
    }

    startSending();
}

// called after parsing all headers or when bypassing an exception
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::startSending()
{
    disableRepeats("sent headers");
    disableBypass("sent headers", true);
    sendAnswer(Answer::Forward(adapted.header));

    if (state.sending == State::sendingVirgin)
        echoMore();
    else {
        // If we are not using the virgin HTTP object update the
        // Http::Message::sources flag.
        // The state.sending may set to State::sendingVirgin in the case
        // of 206 responses too, where we do not want to update Http::Message::sources
        // flag. However even for 206 responses the state.sending is
        // not set yet to sendingVirgin. This is done in later step
        // after the parseBody method called.
        updateSources();
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseIcapHead()
{
    Must(state.sending == State::sendingUndecided);

    if (!parseHead(icapReply.getRaw()))
        return;

    if (expectIcapTrailers()) {
        Must(!trailerParser);
        trailerParser = new TrailerParser;
    }

    static SBuf close("close", 5);
    if (httpHeaderHasConnDir(&icapReply->header, close)) {
        debugs(93, 5, "found connection close");
        reuseConnection = false;
    }

    switch (icapReply->sline.status()) {

    case Http::scContinue:
        handle100Continue();
        break;

    case Http::scOkay:
    case Http::scCreated: // Symantec Scan Engine 5.0 and later when modifying HTTP msg

        if (!validate200Ok()) {
            throw TexcHere("Invalid ICAP Response");
        } else {
            handle200Ok();
        }

        break;

    case Http::scNoContent:
        handle204NoContent();
        break;

    case Http::scPartialContent:
        handle206PartialContent();
        break;

    default:
        debugs(93, 5, "ICAP status " << icapReply->sline.status());
        handleUnknownScode();
        break;
    }

    const HttpRequest *request = dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(adapted.header);
    if (!request)
        request = &virginRequest();

    // update the cross-transactional database if needed (all status codes!)
    if (const char *xxName = Adaptation::Config::masterx_shared_name) {
        Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = request->adaptHistory(true);
        if (ah != nullptr) { // TODO: reorder checks to avoid creating history
            const String val = icapReply->header.getByName(xxName);
            if (val.size() > 0) // XXX: HttpHeader lacks empty value detection
                ah->updateXxRecord(xxName, val);
        }
    }

    // update the adaptation plan if needed (all status codes!)
    if (service().cfg().routing) {
        String services;
        if (icapReply->header.getList(Http::HdrType::X_NEXT_SERVICES, &services)) {
            Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = request->adaptHistory(true);
            if (ah != nullptr)
                ah->updateNextServices(services);
        }
    } // TODO: else warn (occasionally!) if we got Http::HdrType::X_NEXT_SERVICES

    // We need to store received ICAP headers for <icapLastHeader logformat option.
    // If we already have stored headers from previous ICAP transaction related to this
    // request, old headers will be replaced with the new one.

    Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = request->adaptLogHistory();
    if (ah != nullptr)
        ah->recordMeta(&icapReply->header);

    // handle100Continue() manages state.writing on its own.
    // Non-100 status means the server needs no postPreview data from us.
    if (state.writing == State::writingPaused)
        stopWriting(true);
}

/// Parses ICAP trailers and stops parsing, if all trailer data
/// have been received.
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseIcapTrailer() {

    if (parsePart(trailerParser, "trailer")) {
        for (const auto &e: trailerParser->trailer.entries)
            debugs(93, 5, "ICAP trailer: " << e->name << ": " << e->value);
        stopParsing();
    }
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::validate200Ok()
{
    if (service().cfg().method == ICAP::methodRespmod)
        return gotEncapsulated("res-hdr");

    return service().cfg().method == ICAP::methodReqmod &&
           expectHttpHeader();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handle100Continue()
{
    Must(state.writing == State::writingPaused);
    // server must not respond before the end of preview: we may send ieof
    Must(preview.enabled() && preview.done() && !preview.ieof());

    // 100 "Continue" cancels our Preview commitment,
    // but not commitment to handle 204 or 206 outside Preview
    if (!state.allowedPostview204 && !state.allowedPostview206)
        stopBackup();

    state.parsing = State::psIcapHeader; // eventually
    icapReply->reset();

    state.writing = State::writingPrime;

    writeMore();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handle200Ok()
{
    state.parsing = State::psHttpHeader;
    state.sending = State::sendingAdapted;
    stopBackup();
    checkConsuming();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handle204NoContent()
{
    stopParsing();
    prepEchoing();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handle206PartialContent()
{
    if (state.writing == State::writingPaused) {
        Must(preview.enabled());
        Must(state.allowedPreview206);
        debugs(93, 7, "206 inside preview");
    } else {
        Must(state.writing > State::writingPaused);
        Must(state.allowedPostview206);
        debugs(93, 7, "206 outside preview");
    }
    state.parsing = State::psHttpHeader;
    state.sending = State::sendingAdapted;
    state.readyForUob = true;
    checkConsuming();
}

// Called when we receive a 204 No Content response and
// when we are trying to bypass a service failure.
// We actually start sending (echoig or not) in startSending.
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::prepEchoing()
{
    disableRepeats("preparing to echo content");
    disableBypass("preparing to echo content", true);
    setOutcome(xoEcho);

    // We want to clone the HTTP message, but we do not want
    // to copy some non-HTTP state parts that Http::Message kids carry in them.
    // Thus, we cannot use a smart pointer, copy constructor, or equivalent.
    // Instead, we simply write the HTTP message and "clone" it by parsing.
    // TODO: use Http::Message::clone()!

    Http::Message *oldHead = virgin.header;
    debugs(93, 7, "cloning virgin message " << oldHead);

    MemBuf httpBuf;

    // write the virgin message into a memory buffer
    httpBuf.init();
    packHead(httpBuf, oldHead);

    // allocate the adapted message and copy metainfo
    Must(!adapted.header);
    {
        Http::MessagePointer newHead;
        if (const HttpRequest *r = dynamic_cast<const HttpRequest*>(oldHead)) {
            newHead = new HttpRequest(r->masterXaction);
        } else if (dynamic_cast<const HttpReply*>(oldHead)) {
            newHead = new HttpReply;
        }
        Must(newHead);

        newHead->inheritProperties(oldHead);

        adapted.setHeader(newHead.getRaw());
    }

    // parse the buffer back
    Http::StatusCode error = Http::scNone;

    httpBuf.terminate(); // Http::Message::parse requires nil-terminated buffer
    Must(adapted.header->parse(httpBuf.content(), httpBuf.contentSize(), true, &error));
    Must(adapted.header->hdr_sz == httpBuf.contentSize()); // no leftovers

    httpBuf.clean();

    debugs(93, 7, "cloned virgin message " << oldHead << " to " <<
           adapted.header);

    // setup adapted body pipe if needed
    if (oldHead->body_pipe != nullptr) {
        debugs(93, 7, "will echo virgin body from " <<
               oldHead->body_pipe);
        if (!virginBodySending.active())
            virginBodySending.plan(); // will throw if not possible
        state.sending = State::sendingVirgin;
        checkConsuming();

        // TODO: optimize: is it possible to just use the oldHead pipe and
        // remove ICAP from the loop? This echoing is probably a common case!
        makeAdaptedBodyPipe("echoed virgin response");
        if (oldHead->body_pipe->bodySizeKnown())
            adapted.body_pipe->setBodySize(oldHead->body_pipe->bodySize());
        debugs(93, 7, "will echo virgin body to " <<
               adapted.body_pipe);
    } else {
        debugs(93, 7, "no virgin body to echo");
        stopSending(true);
    }
}

/// Called when we received use-original-body chunk extension in 206 response.
/// We actually start sending (echoing or not) in startSending().
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::prepPartialBodyEchoing(uint64_t pos)
{
    Must(virginBodySending.active());
    Must(virgin.header->body_pipe != nullptr);

    setOutcome(xoPartEcho);

    debugs(93, 7, "will echo virgin body suffix from " <<
           virgin.header->body_pipe << " offset " << pos );

    // check that use-original-body=N does not point beyond buffered data
    const uint64_t virginDataEnd = virginConsumed +
                                   virgin.body_pipe->buf().contentSize();
    Must(pos <= virginDataEnd);
    virginBodySending.progress(static_cast<size_t>(pos));

    state.sending = State::sendingVirgin;
    checkConsuming();

    if (virgin.header->body_pipe->bodySizeKnown())
        adapted.body_pipe->expectProductionEndAfter(virgin.header->body_pipe->bodySize() - pos);

    debugs(93, 7, "will echo virgin body suffix to " <<
           adapted.body_pipe);

    // Start echoing data
    echoMore();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::handleUnknownScode()
{
    stopParsing(false);
    stopBackup();
    // TODO: mark connection as "bad"

    // Terminate the transaction; we do not know how to handle this response.
    throw TexcHere("Unsupported ICAP status code");
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseHttpHead()
{
    if (expectHttpHeader()) {
        replyHttpHeaderSize = 0;
        maybeAllocateHttpMsg();

        if (!parseHead(adapted.header))
            return; // need more header data

        if (adapted.header)
            replyHttpHeaderSize = adapted.header->hdr_sz;

        if (dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(adapted.header)) {
            const HttpRequest *oldR = dynamic_cast<const HttpRequest*>(virgin.header);
            Must(oldR);
            // TODO: the adapted request did not really originate from the
            // client; give proxy admin an option to prevent copying of
            // sensitive client information here. See the following thread:
            // http://www.squid-cache.org/mail-archive/squid-dev/200703/0040.html
        }

        // Maybe adapted.header==NULL if HttpReply and have Http 0.9 ....
        if (adapted.header)
            adapted.header->inheritProperties(virgin.header);
    }

    decideOnParsingBody();
}

template<class Part>
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parsePart(Part *part, const char *description)
{
    Must(part);
    debugs(93, 5, "have " << readBuf.length() << ' ' << description << " bytes to parse; state: " << state.parsing);
    Http::StatusCode error = Http::scNone;
    // XXX: performance regression. c_str() data copies
    // XXX: Http::Message::parse requires a terminated string buffer
    const char *tmpBuf = readBuf.c_str();
    const bool parsed = part->parse(tmpBuf, readBuf.length(), commEof, &error);
    debugs(93, (!parsed && error) ? 2 : 5, description << " parsing result: " << parsed << " detail: " << error);
    Must(parsed || !error);
    if (parsed)
        readBuf.consume(part->hdr_sz);
    return parsed;
}

// parses both HTTP and ICAP headers
bool
Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseHead(Http::Message *head)
{
    if (!parsePart(head, "head")) {
        head->reset();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::expectHttpHeader() const
{
    return gotEncapsulated("res-hdr") || gotEncapsulated("req-hdr");
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::expectHttpBody() const
{
    return gotEncapsulated("res-body") || gotEncapsulated("req-body");
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::expectIcapTrailers() const
{
    String trailers;
    const bool promisesToSendTrailer = icapReply->header.getByIdIfPresent(Http::HdrType::TRAILER, &trailers);
    const bool supportsTrailers = icapReply->header.hasListMember(Http::HdrType::ALLOW, "trailers", ',');
    // ICAP Trailer specs require us to reject transactions having either Trailer
    // header or Allow:trailers
    Must((promisesToSendTrailer == supportsTrailers) || (!promisesToSendTrailer && supportsTrailers));
    if (promisesToSendTrailer && !trailers.size())
        debugs(93, DBG_IMPORTANT, "ERROR: ICAP Trailer response header field must not be empty (salvaged)");
    return promisesToSendTrailer;
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::decideOnParsingBody()
{
    if (expectHttpBody()) {
        debugs(93, 5, "expecting a body");
        state.parsing = State::psBody;
        replyHttpBodySize = 0;
        bodyParser = new Http1::TeChunkedParser;
        bodyParser->parseExtensionValuesWith(&extensionParser);
        makeAdaptedBodyPipe("adapted response from the ICAP server");
        Must(state.sending == State::sendingAdapted);
    } else {
        debugs(93, 5, "not expecting a body");
        if (trailerParser)
            state.parsing = State::psIcapTrailer;
        else
            stopParsing();
        stopSending(true);
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::parseBody()
{
    Must(state.parsing == State::psBody);
    Must(bodyParser);

    debugs(93, 5, "have " << readBuf.length() << " body bytes to parse");

    // the parser will throw on errors
    BodyPipeCheckout bpc(*adapted.body_pipe);
    bodyParser->setPayloadBuffer(&bpc.buf);
    const bool parsed = bodyParser->parse(readBuf);
    readBuf = bodyParser->remaining(); // sync buffers after parse
    bpc.checkIn();

    debugs(93, 5, "have " << readBuf.length() << " body bytes after parsed all: " << parsed);
    replyHttpBodySize += adapted.body_pipe->buf().contentSize();

    // TODO: expose BodyPipe::putSize() to make this check simpler and clearer
    // TODO: do we really need this if we disable when sending headers?
    if (adapted.body_pipe->buf().contentSize() > 0) { // parsed something sometime
        disableRepeats("sent adapted content");
        disableBypass("sent adapted content", true);
    }

    if (parsed) {
        if (state.readyForUob && extensionParser.sawUseOriginalBody())
            prepPartialBodyEchoing(extensionParser.useOriginalBody());
        else
            stopSending(true); // the parser succeeds only if all parsed data fits
        if (trailerParser)
            state.parsing = State::psIcapTrailer;
        else
            stopParsing();
        return;
    }

    debugs(93,3, this << " needsMoreData = " << bodyParser->needsMoreData());

    if (bodyParser->needsMoreData()) {
        debugs(93,3, this);
        Must(mayReadMore());
        readMore();
    }

    if (bodyParser->needsMoreSpace()) {
        Must(!doneSending()); // can hope for more space
        Must(adapted.body_pipe->buf().contentSize() > 0); // paranoid
        // TODO: there should be a timeout in case the sink is broken
        // or cannot consume partial content (while we need more space)
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::stopParsing(const bool checkUnparsedData)
{
    if (state.parsing == State::psDone)
        return;

    if (checkUnparsedData)
        Must(readBuf.isEmpty());

    debugs(93, 7, "will no longer parse" << status());

    delete bodyParser;
    bodyParser = nullptr;

    delete trailerParser;
    trailerParser = nullptr;

    state.parsing = State::psDone;
}

// HTTP side added virgin body data
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteMoreBodyDataAvailable(BodyPipe::Pointer)
{
    writeMore();

    if (state.sending == State::sendingVirgin)
        echoMore();
}

// HTTP side sent us all virgin info
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteBodyProductionEnded(BodyPipe::Pointer)
{
    Must(virgin.body_pipe->productionEnded());

    // push writer and sender in case we were waiting for the last-chunk
    writeMore();

    if (state.sending == State::sendingVirgin)
        echoMore();
}

// body producer aborted, but the initiator may still want to know
// the answer, even though the HTTP message has been truncated
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteBodyProducerAborted(BodyPipe::Pointer)
{
    Must(virgin.body_pipe->productionEnded());

    // push writer and sender in case we were waiting for the last-chunk
    writeMore();

    if (state.sending == State::sendingVirgin)
        echoMore();
}

// adapted body consumer wants more adapted data and
// possibly freed some buffer space
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteMoreBodySpaceAvailable(BodyPipe::Pointer)
{
    if (state.sending == State::sendingVirgin)
        echoMore();
    else if (state.sending == State::sendingAdapted)
        parseMore();
    else
        Must(state.sending == State::sendingUndecided);
}

// adapted body consumer aborted
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::noteBodyConsumerAborted(BodyPipe::Pointer)
{
    static const auto d = MakeNamedErrorDetail("ICAP_XACT_BODY_CONSUMER_ABORT");
    detailError(d);
    mustStop("adapted body consumer aborted");
}

Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::~ModXact()
{
    delete bodyParser;
    delete trailerParser;
}

// internal cleanup
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::swanSong()
{
    debugs(93, 5, "swan sings" << status());

    stopWriting(false);
    stopSending(false);

    if (theInitiator.set()) { // we have not sent the answer to the initiator
        static const auto d = MakeNamedErrorDetail("ICAP_XACT_OTHER");
        detailError(d);
    }

    // update adaptation history if start was called and we reserved a slot
    Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = virginRequest().adaptLogHistory();
    if (ah != nullptr && adaptHistoryId >= 0)
        ah->recordXactFinish(adaptHistoryId);

    Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::swanSong();
}

void prepareLogWithRequestDetails(HttpRequest *, const AccessLogEntryPointer &);

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::finalizeLogInfo()
{
    HttpRequest *adapted_request_ = nullptr;
    HttpReply *adapted_reply_ = nullptr;
    HttpRequest *virgin_request_ = const_cast<HttpRequest*>(&virginRequest());
    if (!(adapted_request_ = dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(adapted.header))) {
        // if the request was not adapted, use virgin request to simplify
        // the code further below
        adapted_request_ = virgin_request_;
        adapted_reply_ = dynamic_cast<HttpReply*>(adapted.header);
    }

    Adaptation::Icap::History::Pointer h = virgin_request_->icapHistory();
    Must(h != nullptr); // ICAPXaction::maybeLog calls only if there is a log
    al.icp.opcode = ICP_INVALID;
    al.url = h->log_uri.termedBuf();
    const Adaptation::Icap::ServiceRep  &s = service();
    al.icap.reqMethod = s.cfg().method;

    al.cache.caddr = virgin_request_->client_addr;

    al.request = virgin_request_;
    HTTPMSGLOCK(al.request);
    al.adapted_request = adapted_request_;
    HTTPMSGLOCK(al.adapted_request);

    // XXX: This reply (and other ALE members!) may have been needed earlier.
    al.reply = adapted_reply_;

#if USE_OPENSSL
    if (h->ssluser.size())
        al.cache.ssluser = h->ssluser.termedBuf();
#endif
    al.cache.code = h->logType;

    const Http::Message *virgin_msg = dynamic_cast<HttpReply*>(virgin.header);
    if (!virgin_msg)
        virgin_msg = virgin_request_;
    assert(virgin_msg != virgin.cause);
    al.http.clientRequestSz.header = virgin_msg->hdr_sz;
    if (virgin_msg->body_pipe != nullptr)
        al.http.clientRequestSz.payloadData = virgin_msg->body_pipe->producedSize();

    // leave al.icap.bodyBytesRead negative if no body
    if (replyHttpHeaderSize >= 0 || replyHttpBodySize >= 0) {
        const int64_t zero = 0; // to make max() argument types the same
        const uint64_t headerSize = max(zero, replyHttpHeaderSize);
        const uint64_t bodySize =  max(zero, replyHttpBodySize);
        al.icap.bodyBytesRead = headerSize + bodySize;
        al.http.clientReplySz.header = headerSize;
        al.http.clientReplySz.payloadData = bodySize;
    }

    if (adapted_reply_) {
        al.http.code = adapted_reply_->sline.status();
        al.http.content_type = adapted_reply_->content_type.termedBuf();
        if (replyHttpBodySize >= 0)
            al.cache.highOffset = replyHttpBodySize;
        //don't set al.cache.objectSize because it hasn't exist yet
    }
    prepareLogWithRequestDetails(adapted_request_, alep);
    Xaction::finalizeLogInfo();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::makeRequestHeaders(MemBuf &buf)
{
    char ntoabuf[MAX_IPSTRLEN];
    /*
     * XXX These should use HttpHdr interfaces instead of Printfs
     */
    const Adaptation::ServiceConfig &s = service().cfg();
    buf.appendf("%s " SQUIDSTRINGPH " ICAP/1.0\r\n", s.methodStr(), SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(s.uri));
    buf.appendf("Host: " SQUIDSTRINGPH ":%d\r\n", SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(s.host), s.port);
    buf.appendf("Date: %s\r\n", Time::FormatRfc1123(squid_curtime));

    if (!TheConfig.reuse_connections)
        buf.appendf("Connection: close\r\n");

    const HttpRequest *request = &virginRequest();

    // we must forward "Proxy-Authenticate" and "Proxy-Authorization"
    // as ICAP headers.
    if (virgin.header->header.has(Http::HdrType::PROXY_AUTHENTICATE)) {
        String vh=virgin.header->header.getById(Http::HdrType::PROXY_AUTHENTICATE);
        buf.appendf("Proxy-Authenticate: " SQUIDSTRINGPH "\r\n",SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(vh));
    }

    if (virgin.header->header.has(Http::HdrType::PROXY_AUTHORIZATION)) {
        String vh=virgin.header->header.getById(Http::HdrType::PROXY_AUTHORIZATION);
        buf.appendf("Proxy-Authorization: " SQUIDSTRINGPH "\r\n", SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(vh));
    } else if (request->extacl_user.size() > 0 && request->extacl_passwd.size() > 0) {
        struct base64_encode_ctx ctx;
        base64_encode_init(&ctx);
        char base64buf[base64_encode_len(MAX_LOGIN_SZ)];
        size_t resultLen = base64_encode_update(&ctx, base64buf, request->extacl_user.size(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(request->extacl_user.rawBuf()));
        resultLen += base64_encode_update(&ctx, base64buf+resultLen, 1, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(":"));
        resultLen += base64_encode_update(&ctx, base64buf+resultLen, request->extacl_passwd.size(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(request->extacl_passwd.rawBuf()));
        resultLen += base64_encode_final(&ctx, base64buf+resultLen);
        buf.appendf("Proxy-Authorization: Basic %.*s\r\n", (int)resultLen, base64buf);
    }

    // share the cross-transactional database records if needed
    if (Adaptation::Config::masterx_shared_name) {
        Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = request->adaptHistory(false);
        if (ah != nullptr) {
            String name, value;
            if (ah->getXxRecord(name, value)) {
                buf.appendf(SQUIDSTRINGPH ": " SQUIDSTRINGPH "\r\n", SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(name), SQUIDSTRINGPRINT(value));
            }
        }
    }

    buf.append("Encapsulated: ", 14);

    MemBuf httpBuf;

    httpBuf.init();

    // build HTTP request header, if any
    ICAP::Method m = s.method;

    // to simplify, we could assume that request is always available

    if (request) {
        if (ICAP::methodRespmod == m)
            encapsulateHead(buf, "req-hdr", httpBuf, request);
        else if (ICAP::methodReqmod == m)
            encapsulateHead(buf, "req-hdr", httpBuf, virgin.header);
    }

    if (ICAP::methodRespmod == m)
        if (const Http::Message *prime = virgin.header)
            encapsulateHead(buf, "res-hdr", httpBuf, prime);

    if (!virginBody.expected())
        buf.appendf("null-body=%d", (int) httpBuf.contentSize());
    else if (ICAP::methodReqmod == m)
        buf.appendf("req-body=%d", (int) httpBuf.contentSize());
    else
        buf.appendf("res-body=%d", (int) httpBuf.contentSize());

    buf.append(ICAP::crlf, 2); // terminate Encapsulated line

    if (preview.enabled()) {
        buf.appendf("Preview: %d\r\n", (int)preview.ad());
        if (!virginBody.expected()) // there is no body to preview
            finishNullOrEmptyBodyPreview(httpBuf);
    }

    makeAllowHeader(buf);

    if (TheConfig.send_client_ip && request) {
        Ip::Address client_addr;
#if FOLLOW_X_FORWARDED_FOR
        if (TheConfig.use_indirect_client) {
            client_addr = request->indirect_client_addr;
        } else
#endif
            client_addr = request->client_addr;
        if (!client_addr.isAnyAddr() && !client_addr.isNoAddr())
            buf.appendf("X-Client-IP: %s\r\n", client_addr.toStr(ntoabuf,MAX_IPSTRLEN));
    }

    if (TheConfig.send_username && request)
        makeUsernameHeader(request, buf);

    // Adaptation::Config::metaHeaders
    for (const auto &h: Adaptation::Config::metaHeaders()) {
        HttpRequest *r = virgin.cause ?
                         virgin.cause : dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(virgin.header);
        Must(r);

        HttpReply *reply = dynamic_cast<HttpReply*>(virgin.header);

        SBuf matched;
        if (h->match(r, reply, alMaster, matched)) {
            buf.append(h->key().rawContent(), h->key().length());
            buf.append(": ", 2);
            buf.append(matched.rawContent(), matched.length());
            buf.append("\r\n", 2);
            Adaptation::History::Pointer ah = request->adaptHistory(false);
            if (ah != nullptr) {
                if (ah->metaHeaders == nullptr)
                    ah->metaHeaders = new NotePairs;
                if (!ah->metaHeaders->hasPair(h->key(), matched))
                    ah->metaHeaders->add(h->key(), matched);
            }
        }
    }

    // fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf.content());

    buf.append(ICAP::crlf, 2); // terminate ICAP header

    // fill icapRequest for logging
    Must(icapRequest->parseCharBuf(buf.content(), buf.contentSize()));

    // start ICAP request body with encapsulated HTTP headers
    buf.append(httpBuf.content(), httpBuf.contentSize());

    httpBuf.clean();
}

// decides which Allow values to write and updates the request buffer
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::makeAllowHeader(MemBuf &buf)
{
    const bool allow204in = preview.enabled(); // TODO: add shouldAllow204in()
    const bool allow204out = state.allowedPostview204 = shouldAllow204();
    const bool allow206in = state.allowedPreview206 = shouldAllow206in();
    const bool allow206out = state.allowedPostview206 = shouldAllow206out();
    const bool allowTrailers = true; // TODO: make configurable

    debugs(93, 9, "Allows: " << allow204in << allow204out <<
           allow206in << allow206out << allowTrailers);

    const bool allow204 = allow204in || allow204out;
    const bool allow206 = allow206in || allow206out;

    if ((allow204 || allow206) && virginBody.expected())
        virginBodySending.plan(); // if there is a virgin body, plan to send it

    // writing Preview:...   means we will honor 204 inside preview
    // writing Allow/204     means we will honor 204 outside preview
    // writing Allow:206     means we will honor 206 inside preview
    // writing Allow:204,206 means we will honor 206 outside preview
    if (allow204 || allow206 || allowTrailers) {
        buf.appendf("Allow: ");
        if (allow204out)
            buf.appendf("204, ");
        if (allow206)
            buf.appendf("206, ");
        if (allowTrailers)
            buf.appendf("trailers");
        buf.appendf("\r\n");
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::makeUsernameHeader(const HttpRequest *request, MemBuf &buf)
{
#if USE_AUTH
    struct base64_encode_ctx ctx;
    base64_encode_init(&ctx);

    const char *value = nullptr;
    if (request->auth_user_request != nullptr) {
        value = request->auth_user_request->username();
    } else if (request->extacl_user.size() > 0) {
        value = request->extacl_user.termedBuf();
    }

    if (value) {
        if (TheConfig.client_username_encode) {
            char base64buf[base64_encode_len(MAX_LOGIN_SZ)];
            size_t resultLen = base64_encode_update(&ctx, base64buf, strlen(value), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(value));
            resultLen += base64_encode_final(&ctx, base64buf+resultLen);
            buf.appendf("%s: %.*s\r\n", TheConfig.client_username_header, (int)resultLen, base64buf);
        } else
            buf.appendf("%s: %s\r\n", TheConfig.client_username_header, value);
    }
#else
    (void)request;
    (void)buf;
#endif
}

void
Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::encapsulateHead(MemBuf &icapBuf, const char *section, MemBuf &httpBuf, const Http::Message *head)
{
    // update ICAP header
    icapBuf.appendf("%s=%d, ", section, (int) httpBuf.contentSize());

    // begin cloning
    Http::MessagePointer headClone;

    if (const HttpRequest* old_request = dynamic_cast<const HttpRequest*>(head)) {
        HttpRequest::Pointer new_request(new HttpRequest(old_request->masterXaction));
        // copy the request-line details
        new_request->method = old_request->method;
        new_request->url = old_request->url;
        new_request->http_ver = old_request->http_ver;
        headClone = new_request.getRaw();
    } else if (const HttpReply *old_reply = dynamic_cast<const HttpReply*>(head)) {
        HttpReply::Pointer new_reply(new HttpReply);
        new_reply->sline = old_reply->sline;
        headClone = new_reply.getRaw();
    }
    Must(headClone);
    headClone->inheritProperties(head);

    HttpHeaderPos pos = HttpHeaderInitPos;
    while (HttpHeaderEntry* p_head_entry = head->header.getEntry(&pos))
        headClone->header.addEntry(p_head_entry->clone());

    // end cloning

    // remove all hop-by-hop headers from the clone
    headClone->header.delById(Http::HdrType::PROXY_AUTHENTICATE);
    headClone->header.removeHopByHopEntries();

    // TODO: modify HttpHeader::removeHopByHopEntries to accept a list of
    // excluded hop-by-hop headers
    if (head->header.has(Http::HdrType::UPGRADE)) {
        const auto upgrade = head->header.getList(Http::HdrType::UPGRADE);
        headClone->header.putStr(Http::HdrType::UPGRADE, upgrade.termedBuf());
    }

    // pack polished HTTP header
    packHead(httpBuf, headClone.getRaw());

    // headClone unlocks and, hence, deletes the message we packed
}

void
Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::packHead(MemBuf &httpBuf, const Http::Message *head)
{
    head->packInto(&httpBuf, true);
}

// decides whether to offer a preview and calculates its size
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::decideOnPreview()
{
    if (!TheConfig.preview_enable) {
        debugs(93, 5, "preview disabled by squid.conf");
        return;
    }

    const SBuf urlPath(virginRequest().url.path());
    size_t wantedSize;
    if (!service().wantsPreview(urlPath, wantedSize)) {
        debugs(93, 5, "should not offer preview for " << urlPath);
        return;
    }

    // we decided to do preview, now compute its size

    // cannot preview more than we can backup
    size_t ad = min(wantedSize, TheBackupLimit);

    if (!virginBody.expected())
        ad = 0;
    else if (virginBody.knownSize())
        ad = min(static_cast<uint64_t>(ad), virginBody.size()); // not more than we have

    debugs(93, 5, "should offer " << ad << "-byte preview " <<
           "(service wanted " << wantedSize << ")");

    preview.enable(ad);
    Must(preview.enabled());
}

// decides whether to allow 204 responses
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::shouldAllow204()
{
    if (!service().allows204())
        return false;

    return canBackupEverything();
}

// decides whether to allow 206 responses in some mode
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::shouldAllow206any()
{
    return TheConfig.allow206_enable && service().allows206() &&
           virginBody.expected(); // no need for 206 without a body
}

// decides whether to allow 206 responses in preview mode
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::shouldAllow206in()
{
    return shouldAllow206any() && preview.enabled();
}

// decides whether to allow 206 responses outside of preview
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::shouldAllow206out()
{
    return shouldAllow206any() && canBackupEverything();
}

// used by shouldAllow204 and decideOnRetries
bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::canBackupEverything() const
{
    if (!virginBody.expected())
        return true; // no body means no problems with backup

    // if there is a body, check whether we can backup it all

    if (!virginBody.knownSize())
        return false;

    // or should we have a different backup limit?
    // note that '<' allows for 0-termination of the "full" backup buffer
    return virginBody.size() < TheBackupLimit;
}

// Decide whether this transaction can be retried if pconn fails
// Must be called after decideOnPreview and before openConnection()
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::decideOnRetries()
{
    if (!isRetriable)
        return; // no, already decided

    if (preview.enabled())
        return; // yes, because preview provides enough guarantees

    if (canBackupEverything())
        return; // yes, because we can back everything up

    disableRetries(); // no, because we cannot back everything up
}

// Normally, the body-writing code handles preview body. It can deal with
// bodies of unexpected size, including those that turn out to be empty.
// However, that code assumes that the body was expected and body control
// structures were initialized. This is not the case when there is no body
// or the body is known to be empty, because the virgin message will lack a
// body_pipe. So we handle preview of null-body and zero-size bodies here.
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::finishNullOrEmptyBodyPreview(MemBuf &)
{
    Must(!virginBodyWriting.active()); // one reason we handle it here
    Must(!virgin.body_pipe);          // another reason we handle it here
    Must(!preview.ad());

    // do not add last-chunk because our Encapsulated header says null-body
    // addLastRequestChunk(buf);
    preview.wrote(0, true);

    Must(preview.done());
    Must(preview.ieof());
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::fillPendingStatus(MemBuf &buf) const
{
    Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::fillPendingStatus(buf);

    if (state.serviceWaiting)
        buf.append("U", 1);

    if (virgin.body_pipe != nullptr)
        buf.append("R", 1);

    if (haveConnection() && !doneReading())
        buf.append("r", 1);

    if (!state.doneWriting() && state.writing != State::writingInit)
        buf.appendf("w(%d)", state.writing);

    if (preview.enabled()) {
        if (!preview.done())
            buf.appendf("P(%d)", (int) preview.debt());
    }

    if (virginBodySending.active())
        buf.append("B", 1);

    if (!state.doneParsing() && state.parsing != State::psIcapHeader)
        buf.appendf("p(%d)", state.parsing);

    if (!doneSending() && state.sending != State::sendingUndecided)
        buf.appendf("S(%d)", state.sending);

    if (state.readyForUob)
        buf.append("6", 1);

    if (canStartBypass)
        buf.append("Y", 1);

    if (protectGroupBypass)
        buf.append("G", 1);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::fillDoneStatus(MemBuf &buf) const
{
    Adaptation::Icap::Xaction::fillDoneStatus(buf);

    if (!virgin.body_pipe)
        buf.append("R", 1);

    if (state.doneWriting())
        buf.append("w", 1);

    if (preview.enabled()) {
        if (preview.done())
            buf.appendf("P%s", preview.ieof() ? "(ieof)" : "");
    }

    if (doneReading())
        buf.append("r", 1);

    if (state.doneParsing())
        buf.append("p", 1);

    if (doneSending())
        buf.append("S", 1);
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::gotEncapsulated(const char *section) const
{
    return !icapReply->header.getByNameListMember("Encapsulated",
            section, ',').isEmpty();
}

// calculate whether there is a virgin HTTP body and
// whether its expected size is known
// TODO: rename because we do not just estimate
void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::estimateVirginBody()
{
    // note: lack of size info may disable previews and 204s

    Http::Message *msg = virgin.header;
    Must(msg);

    HttpRequestMethod method;

    if (virgin.cause)
        method = virgin.cause->method;
    else if (HttpRequest *req = dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(msg))
        method = req->method;
    else
        method = Http::METHOD_NONE;

    int64_t size;
    // expectingBody returns true for zero-sized bodies, but we will not
    // get a pipe for that body, so we treat the message as bodyless
    if (method != Http::METHOD_NONE && msg->expectingBody(method, size) && size) {
        debugs(93, 6, "expects virgin body from " <<
               virgin.body_pipe << "; size: " << size);

        virginBody.expect(size);
        virginBodyWriting.plan();

        // sign up as a body consumer
        Must(msg->body_pipe != nullptr);
        Must(msg->body_pipe == virgin.body_pipe);
        Must(virgin.body_pipe->setConsumerIfNotLate(this));

        // make sure TheBackupLimit is in-sync with the buffer size
        Must(TheBackupLimit <= static_cast<size_t>(msg->body_pipe->buf().max_capacity));
    } else {
        debugs(93, 6, "does not expect virgin body");
        Must(msg->body_pipe == nullptr);
        checkConsuming();
    }
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::makeAdaptedBodyPipe(const char *what)
{
    Must(!adapted.body_pipe);
    Must(!adapted.header->body_pipe);
    adapted.header->body_pipe = new BodyPipe(this);
    adapted.body_pipe = adapted.header->body_pipe;
    debugs(93, 7, "will supply " << what << " via " <<
           adapted.body_pipe << " pipe");
}

// TODO: Move SizedEstimate and Preview elsewhere

Adaptation::Icap::SizedEstimate::SizedEstimate()
    : theData(dtUnexpected)
{}

void Adaptation::Icap::SizedEstimate::expect(int64_t aSize)
{
    theData = (aSize >= 0) ? aSize : (int64_t)dtUnknown;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::SizedEstimate::expected() const
{
    return theData != dtUnexpected;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::SizedEstimate::knownSize() const
{
    Must(expected());
    return theData != dtUnknown;
}

uint64_t Adaptation::Icap::SizedEstimate::size() const
{
    Must(knownSize());
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(theData);
}

Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct::VirginBodyAct(): theStart(0), theState(stUndecided)
{}

void Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct::plan()
{
    Must(!disabled());
    Must(!theStart); // not started
    theState = stActive;
}

void Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct::disable()
{
    theState = stDisabled;
}

void Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct::progress(size_t size)
{
    Must(active());
#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T > 4
    /* always true for smaller size_t's */
    Must(static_cast<int64_t>(size) >= 0);
#endif
    theStart += static_cast<int64_t>(size);
}

uint64_t Adaptation::Icap::VirginBodyAct::offset() const
{
    Must(active());
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(theStart);
}

Adaptation::Icap::Preview::Preview(): theWritten(0), theAd(0), theState(stDisabled)
{}

void Adaptation::Icap::Preview::enable(size_t anAd)
{
    // TODO: check for anAd not exceeding preview size limit
    Must(!enabled());
    theAd = anAd;
    theState = stWriting;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::Preview::enabled() const
{
    return theState != stDisabled;
}

size_t Adaptation::Icap::Preview::ad() const
{
    Must(enabled());
    return theAd;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::Preview::done() const
{
    Must(enabled());
    return theState >= stIeof;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::Preview::ieof() const
{
    Must(enabled());
    return theState == stIeof;
}

size_t Adaptation::Icap::Preview::debt() const
{
    Must(enabled());
    return done() ? 0 : (theAd - theWritten);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::Preview::wrote(size_t size, bool wroteEof)
{
    Must(enabled());

    theWritten += size;

    Must(theWritten <= theAd);

    if (wroteEof)
        theState = stIeof; // written size is irrelevant
    else if (theWritten >= theAd)
        theState = stDone;
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::fillVirginHttpHeader(MemBuf &mb) const
{
    if (virgin.header == nullptr)
        return false;

    virgin.header->firstLineBuf(mb);

    return true;
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::detailError(const ErrorDetail::Pointer &errDetail)
{
    HttpRequest *request = dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(adapted.header);
    // if no adapted request, update virgin (and inherit its properties later)
    // TODO: make this and HttpRequest::detailError constant, like adaptHistory
    if (!request)
        request = const_cast<HttpRequest*>(&virginRequest());

    if (request)
        request->detailError(ERR_ICAP_FAILURE, errDetail);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::clearError()
{
    HttpRequest *request = dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(adapted.header);
    // if no adapted request, update virgin (and inherit its properties later)
    if (!request)
        request = const_cast<HttpRequest*>(&virginRequest());

    if (request)
        request->clearError();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXact::updateSources()
{
    Must(adapted.header);
    adapted.header->sources |= (service().cfg().connectionEncryption ? Http::Message::srcIcaps : Http::Message::srcIcap);
}

/* Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher */

Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher::ModXactLauncher(Http::Message *virginHeader, HttpRequest *virginCause, AccessLogEntry::Pointer &alp, Adaptation::ServicePointer aService):
    AsyncJob("Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher"),
    Adaptation::Icap::Launcher("Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher", aService),
    al(alp)
{
    virgin.setHeader(virginHeader);
    virgin.setCause(virginCause);
    updateHistory(true);
}

Adaptation::Icap::Xaction *Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher::createXaction()
{
    Adaptation::Icap::ServiceRep::Pointer s =
        dynamic_cast<Adaptation::Icap::ServiceRep*>(theService.getRaw());
    Must(s != nullptr);
    return new Adaptation::Icap::ModXact(virgin.header, virgin.cause, al, s);
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher::swanSong()
{
    debugs(93, 5, "swan sings");
    updateHistory(false);
    Adaptation::Icap::Launcher::swanSong();
}

void Adaptation::Icap::ModXactLauncher::updateHistory(bool doStart)
{
    HttpRequest *r = virgin.cause ?
                     virgin.cause : dynamic_cast<HttpRequest*>(virgin.header);

    // r should never be NULL but we play safe; TODO: add Should()
    if (r) {
        Adaptation::Icap::History::Pointer h = r->icapHistory();
        if (h != nullptr) {
            if (doStart)
                h->start("ICAPModXactLauncher");
            else
                h->stop("ICAPModXactLauncher");
        }
    }
}

bool Adaptation::Icap::TrailerParser::parse(const char *buf, int len, int atEnd, Http::StatusCode *error) {
    Http::ContentLengthInterpreter clen;
    // RFC 7230 section 4.1.2: MUST NOT generate a trailer that contains
    // a field necessary for message framing (e.g., Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length)
    clen.applyTrailerRules();
    const int parsed = trailer.parse(buf, len, atEnd, hdr_sz, clen);
    if (parsed < 0)
        *error = Http::scInvalidHeader; // TODO: should we add a new Http::scInvalidTrailer?
    return parsed > 0;
}

void
Adaptation::Icap::ChunkExtensionValueParser::parse(Tokenizer &tok, const SBuf &extName)
{
    if (extName == UseOriginalBodyName) {
        useOriginalBody_ = tok.udec64("use-original-body");
        assert(useOriginalBody_ >= 0);
    } else {
        Ignore(tok, extName);
    }
}