basic/pager: convert the pager options to a flags argument

[thirdparty/systemd.git] / src / analyze / analyze.c

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
/***
  Copyright © 2013 Simon Peeters
***/

#include <getopt.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "sd-bus.h"

#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "analyze-verify.h"
#include "bus-error.h"
#include "bus-unit-util.h"
#include "bus-util.h"
#include "calendarspec.h"
#include "def.h"
#include "conf-files.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "glob-util.h"
#include "hashmap.h"
#include "locale-util.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "parse-util.h"
#include "path-util.h"
#if HAVE_SECCOMP
#include "seccomp-util.h"
#endif
#include "special.h"
#include "strv.h"
#include "strxcpyx.h"
#include "time-util.h"
#include "terminal-util.h"
#include "unit-name.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "verbs.h"

#define SCALE_X (0.1 / 1000.0)   /* pixels per us */
#define SCALE_Y (20.0)

#define svg(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)

#define svg_bar(class, x1, x2, y)                                       \
        svg("  <rect class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n", \
            (class),                                                    \
            SCALE_X * (x1), SCALE_Y * (y),                              \
            SCALE_X * ((x2) - (x1)), SCALE_Y - 1.0)

#define svg_text(b, x, y, format, ...)                                  \
        do {                                                            \
                svg("  <text class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\">", (b) ? "left" : "right", SCALE_X * (x) + (b ? 5.0 : -5.0), SCALE_Y * (y) + 14.0); \
                svg(format, ## __VA_ARGS__);                            \
                svg("</text>\n");                                       \
        } while (false)

static enum dot {
        DEP_ALL,
        DEP_ORDER,
        DEP_REQUIRE
} arg_dot = DEP_ALL;
static char** arg_dot_from_patterns = NULL;
static char** arg_dot_to_patterns = NULL;
static usec_t arg_fuzz = 0;
static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
static const char *arg_host = NULL;
static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
static bool arg_man = true;
static bool arg_generators = false;
static const char *arg_root = NULL;

struct boot_times {
        usec_t firmware_time;
        usec_t loader_time;
        usec_t kernel_time;
        usec_t kernel_done_time;
        usec_t initrd_time;
        usec_t userspace_time;
        usec_t finish_time;
        usec_t security_start_time;
        usec_t security_finish_time;
        usec_t generators_start_time;
        usec_t generators_finish_time;
        usec_t unitsload_start_time;
        usec_t unitsload_finish_time;
        usec_t initrd_security_start_time;
        usec_t initrd_security_finish_time;
        usec_t initrd_generators_start_time;
        usec_t initrd_generators_finish_time;
        usec_t initrd_unitsload_start_time;
        usec_t initrd_unitsload_finish_time;

        /*
         * If we're analyzing the user instance, all timestamps will be offset
         * by its own start-up timestamp, which may be arbitrarily big.
         * With "plot", this causes arbitrarily wide output SVG files which almost
         * completely consist of empty space. Thus we cancel out this offset.
         *
         * This offset is subtracted from times above by acquire_boot_times(),
         * but it still needs to be subtracted from unit-specific timestamps
         * (so it is stored here for reference).
         */
        usec_t reverse_offset;
};

struct unit_times {
        bool has_data;
        char *name;
        usec_t activating;
        usec_t activated;
        usec_t deactivated;
        usec_t deactivating;
        usec_t time;
};

struct host_info {
        char *hostname;
        char *kernel_name;
        char *kernel_release;
        char *kernel_version;
        char *os_pretty_name;
        char *virtualization;
        char *architecture;
};

static int acquire_bus(sd_bus **bus, bool *use_full_bus) {
        bool user = arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
        int r;

        if (use_full_bus && *use_full_bus) {
                r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EHOSTDOWN))
                        return r;

                *use_full_bus = false;
        }

        return bus_connect_transport_systemd(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
}

static int bus_get_uint64_property(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *property, uint64_t *val) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        int r;

        assert(bus);
        assert(path);
        assert(interface);
        assert(property);
        assert(val);

        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        path,
                        interface,
                        property,
                        &error,
                        't', val);

        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));

        return 0;
}

static int bus_get_unit_property_strv(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *property, char ***strv) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        int r;

        assert(bus);
        assert(path);
        assert(property);
        assert(strv);

        r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        path,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                        property,
                        &error,
                        strv);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit property %s: %s", property, bus_error_message(&error, -r));

        return 0;
}

static int compare_unit_time(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
        return CMP(b->time, a->time);
}

static int compare_unit_start(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
        return CMP(a->activating, b->activating);
}

static void unit_times_free(struct unit_times *t) {
        struct unit_times *p;

        for (p = t; p->has_data; p++)
                free(p->name);
        free(t);
}

DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct unit_times *, unit_times_free);

static void subtract_timestamp(usec_t *a, usec_t b) {
        assert(a);

        if (*a > 0) {
                assert(*a >= b);
                *a -= b;
        }
}

static int acquire_boot_times(sd_bus *bus, struct boot_times **bt) {
        static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
                { "FirmwareTimestampMonotonic",               "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, firmware_time)                 },
                { "LoaderTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, loader_time)                   },
                { "KernelTimestamp",                          "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, kernel_time)                   },
                { "InitRDTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_time)                   },
                { "UserspaceTimestampMonotonic",              "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, userspace_time)                },
                { "FinishTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, finish_time)                   },
                { "SecurityStartTimestampMonotonic",          "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_start_time)           },
                { "SecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic",         "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_finish_time)          },
                { "GeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic",        "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_start_time)         },
                { "GeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic",       "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_finish_time)        },
                { "UnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic",         "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_start_time)          },
                { "UnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic",        "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_finish_time)         },
                { "InitRDSecurityStartTimestampMonotonic",    "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_start_time)    },
                { "InitRDSecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_finish_time)   },
                { "InitRDGeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_start_time)  },
                { "InitRDGeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_finish_time) },
                { "InitRDUnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_start_time)   },
                { "InitRDUnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_finish_time)  },
                {},
        };
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        static struct boot_times times;
        static bool cached = false;
        int r;

        if (cached)
                goto finish;

        assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));

        r = bus_map_all_properties(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        property_map,
                        BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
                        &error,
                        NULL,
                        &times);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        if (times.finish_time <= 0) {
                log_error("Bootup is not yet finished (org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.FinishTimestampMonotonic=%"PRIu64").\n"
                          "Please try again later.\n"
                          "Hint: Use 'systemctl%s list-jobs' to see active jobs",
                          times.finish_time,
                          arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
                return -EINPROGRESS;
        }

        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM && times.security_start_time > 0) {
                /* security_start_time is set when systemd is not running under container environment. */
                if (times.initrd_time > 0)
                        times.kernel_done_time = times.initrd_time;
                else
                        times.kernel_done_time = times.userspace_time;
        } else {
                /*
                 * User-instance-specific or container-system-specific timestamps processing
                 * (see comment to reverse_offset in struct boot_times).
                 */
                times.reverse_offset = times.userspace_time;

                times.firmware_time = times.loader_time = times.kernel_time = times.initrd_time = times.userspace_time =
                        times.security_start_time = times.security_finish_time = 0;

                subtract_timestamp(&times.finish_time, times.reverse_offset);

                subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
                subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);

                subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
                subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
        }

        cached = true;

finish:
        *bt = &times;
        return 0;
}

static void free_host_info(struct host_info *hi) {

        if (!hi)
                return;

        free(hi->hostname);
        free(hi->kernel_name);
        free(hi->kernel_release);
        free(hi->kernel_version);
        free(hi->os_pretty_name);
        free(hi->virtualization);
        free(hi->architecture);
        free(hi);
}

DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct host_info*, free_host_info);

static int acquire_time_data(sd_bus *bus, struct unit_times **out) {
        static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
                { "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activating)   },
                { "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activated)    },
                { "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic",    "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivating) },
                { "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivated)  },
                {},
        };
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *unit_times = NULL;
        struct boot_times *boot_times = NULL;
        size_t allocated = 0, c = 0;
        UnitInfo u;
        int r;

        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot_times);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_call_method(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "ListUnits",
                        &error, &reply,
                        NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));

        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
                struct unit_times *t;

                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(unit_times, allocated, c+2))
                        return log_oom();

                unit_times[c+1].has_data = false;
                t = &unit_times[c];
                t->name = NULL;

                assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));

                r = bus_map_all_properties(
                                bus,
                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                u.unit_path,
                                property_map,
                                BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
                                &error,
                                NULL,
                                t);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties of unit %s: %s", u.id, bus_error_message(&error, r));

                subtract_timestamp(&t->activating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
                subtract_timestamp(&t->activated, boot_times->reverse_offset);
                subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
                subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivated, boot_times->reverse_offset);

                if (t->activated >= t->activating)
                        t->time = t->activated - t->activating;
                else if (t->deactivated >= t->activating)
                        t->time = t->deactivated - t->activating;
                else
                        t->time = 0;

                if (t->activating == 0)
                        continue;

                t->name = strdup(u.id);
                if (!t->name)
                        return log_oom();

                t->has_data = true;
                c++;
        }
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        *out = TAKE_PTR(unit_times);
        return c;
}

static int acquire_host_info(sd_bus *bus, struct host_info **hi) {
        static const struct bus_properties_map hostname_map[] = {
                { "Hostname",                  "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, hostname)       },
                { "KernelName",                "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_name)    },
                { "KernelRelease",             "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_release) },
                { "KernelVersion",             "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_version) },
                { "OperatingSystemPrettyName", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, os_pretty_name) },
                {}
        };

        static const struct bus_properties_map manager_map[] = {
                { "Virtualization",            "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, virtualization) },
                { "Architecture",              "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, architecture)   },
                {}
        };

        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *system_bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host;
        int r;

        host = new0(struct host_info, 1);
        if (!host)
                return log_oom();

        if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
                r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, false, &system_bus);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to connect to system bus, ignoring: %m");
                        goto manager;
                }
        }

        r = bus_map_all_properties(system_bus ?: bus,
                                   "org.freedesktop.hostname1",
                                   "/org/freedesktop/hostname1",
                                   hostname_map,
                                   BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
                                   &error,
                                   NULL,
                                   host);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd-hostnamed, ignoring: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
                sd_bus_error_free(&error);
        }

manager:
        r = bus_map_all_properties(bus,
                                   "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                   "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                   manager_map,
                                   BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
                                   &error,
                                   NULL,
                                   host);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        *hi = TAKE_PTR(host);

        return 0;
}

static int pretty_boot_time(sd_bus *bus, char **_buf) {
        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
        struct boot_times *t;
        static char buf[4096];
        size_t size;
        char *ptr;
        int r;
        usec_t activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
        _cleanup_free_ char* path = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;

        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &t);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
        if (!path)
                return log_oom();

        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        path,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                        "Id",
                        &error,
                        &unit_id);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_error_errno(r, "default.target doesn't seem to exist: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
                unit_id = NULL;
        }

        r = bus_get_uint64_property(bus, path,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic",
                        &activated_time);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_info_errno(r, "Could not get time to reach default.target, ignoring: %m");
                activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
        }

        ptr = buf;
        size = sizeof(buf);

        size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "Startup finished in ");
        if (t->firmware_time > 0)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (firmware) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time - t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        if (t->loader_time > 0)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (loader) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (kernel) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->kernel_done_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        if (t->initrd_time > 0)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (initrd) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->userspace_time - t->initrd_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));

        size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (userspace) ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->finish_time - t->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
                strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "= %s ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time + t->finish_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));

        if (unit_id && activated_time > 0 && activated_time != USEC_INFINITY) {
                usec_t base = t->userspace_time > 0 ? t->userspace_time : t->reverse_offset;

                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s reached after %s in userspace", unit_id,
                                format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), activated_time - base, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        } else if (unit_id && activated_time == 0)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s was never reached", unit_id);
        else if (unit_id && activated_time == USEC_INFINITY)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\nCould not get time to reach %s.", unit_id);
        else if (!unit_id)
                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\ncould not find default.target");

        ptr = strdup(buf);
        if (!ptr)
                return log_oom();

        *_buf = ptr;
        return 0;
}

static void svg_graph_box(double height, double begin, double end) {
        long long i;

        /* outside box, fill */
        svg("<rect class=\"box\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n",
            SCALE_X * (end - begin), SCALE_Y * height);

        for (i = ((long long) (begin / 100000)) * 100000; i <= end; i+=100000) {
                /* lines for each second */
                if (i % 5000000 == 0)
                        svg("  <line class=\"sec5\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
                            "  <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
                else if (i % 1000000 == 0)
                        svg("  <line class=\"sec1\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
                            "  <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
                else
                        svg("  <line class=\"sec01\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n",
                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height);
        }
}

static int plot_unit_times(struct unit_times *u, double width, int y) {
        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
        bool b;

        if (!u->name)
                return 0;

        svg_bar("activating",   u->activating, u->activated, y);
        svg_bar("active",       u->activated, u->deactivating, y);
        svg_bar("deactivating", u->deactivating, u->deactivated, y);

        /* place the text on the left if we have passed the half of the svg width */
        b = u->activating * SCALE_X < width / 2;
        if (u->time)
                svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s (%s)",
                         u->name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
        else
                svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s", u->name);

        return 1;
}

static int analyze_plot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
        _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_times = NULL;
        bool use_full_bus = arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
        struct boot_times *boot;
        struct unit_times *u;
        int n, m = 1, y = 0, r;
        double width;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, &use_full_bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        n = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
        if (n < 0)
                return n;

        n = pretty_boot_time(bus, &pretty_times);
        if (n < 0)
                return n;

        if (use_full_bus || arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
                n = acquire_host_info(bus, &host);
                if (n < 0)
                        return n;
        }

        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
        if (n <= 0)
                return n;

        typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_start);

        width = SCALE_X * (boot->firmware_time + boot->finish_time);
        if (width < 800.0)
                width = 800.0;

        if (boot->firmware_time > boot->loader_time)
                m++;
        if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
                m++;
                if (width < 1000.0)
                        width = 1000.0;
        }
        if (boot->initrd_time > 0)
                m++;
        if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0)
                m++;

        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
                double text_start, text_width;

                if (u->activating > boot->finish_time) {
                        u->name = mfree(u->name);
                        continue;
                }

                /* If the text cannot fit on the left side then
                 * increase the svg width so it fits on the right.
                 * TODO: calculate the text width more accurately */
                text_width = 8.0 * strlen(u->name);
                text_start = (boot->firmware_time + u->activating) * SCALE_X;
                if (text_width > text_start && text_width + text_start > width)
                        width = text_width + text_start;

                if (u->deactivated > u->activating &&
                    u->deactivated <= boot->finish_time &&
                    u->activated == 0 && u->deactivating == 0)
                        u->activated = u->deactivating = u->deactivated;
                if (u->activated < u->activating || u->activated > boot->finish_time)
                        u->activated = boot->finish_time;
                if (u->deactivating < u->activated || u->deactivating > boot->finish_time)
                        u->deactivating = boot->finish_time;
                if (u->deactivated < u->deactivating || u->deactivated > boot->finish_time)
                        u->deactivated = boot->finish_time;
                m++;
        }

        svg("<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n"
            "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" "
            "\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n");

        svg("<svg width=\"%.0fpx\" height=\"%.0fpx\" version=\"1.1\" "
            "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n\n",
                        80.0 + width, 150.0 + (m * SCALE_Y) +
                        5 * SCALE_Y /* legend */);

        /* write some basic info as a comment, including some help */
        svg("<!-- This file is a systemd-analyze SVG file. It is best rendered in a   -->\n"
            "<!-- browser such as Chrome, Chromium or Firefox. Other applications     -->\n"
            "<!-- that render these files properly but much slower are ImageMagick,   -->\n"
            "<!-- gimp, inkscape, etc. To display the files on your system, just      -->\n"
            "<!-- point your browser to this file.                                    -->\n\n"
            "<!-- This plot was generated by systemd-analyze version %-16.16s -->\n\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);

        /* style sheet */
        svg("<defs>\n  <style type=\"text/css\">\n    <![CDATA[\n"
            "      rect       { stroke-width: 1; stroke-opacity: 0; }\n"
            "      rect.background   { fill: rgb(255,255,255); }\n"
            "      rect.activating   { fill: rgb(255,0,0); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.active       { fill: rgb(200,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.deactivating { fill: rgb(150,100,100); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.kernel       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.initrd       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.firmware     { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.loader       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.userspace    { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.security     { fill: rgb(144,238,144); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.generators   { fill: rgb(102,204,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.unitsload    { fill: rgb( 82,184,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
            "      rect.box   { fill: rgb(240,240,240); stroke: rgb(192,192,192); }\n"
            "      line       { stroke: rgb(64,64,64); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
            "//    line.sec1  { }\n"
            "      line.sec5  { stroke-width: 2; }\n"
            "      line.sec01 { stroke: rgb(224,224,224); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
            "      text       { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; }\n"
            "      text.left  { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: start; }\n"
            "      text.right { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: end; }\n"
            "      text.sec   { font-size: 10px; }\n"
            "    ]]>\n   </style>\n</defs>\n\n");

        svg("<rect class=\"background\" width=\"100%%\" height=\"100%%\" />\n");
        svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"50\">%s</text>", pretty_times);
        if (host)
                svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"30\">%s %s (%s %s %s) %s %s</text>",
                    isempty(host->os_pretty_name) ? "Linux" : host->os_pretty_name,
                    strempty(host->hostname),
                    strempty(host->kernel_name),
                    strempty(host->kernel_release),
                    strempty(host->kernel_version),
                    strempty(host->architecture),
                    strempty(host->virtualization));

        svg("<g transform=\"translate(%.3f,100)\">\n", 20.0 + (SCALE_X * boot->firmware_time));
        svg_graph_box(m, -(double) boot->firmware_time, boot->finish_time);

        if (boot->firmware_time > 0) {
                svg_bar("firmware", -(double) boot->firmware_time, -(double) boot->loader_time, y);
                svg_text(true, -(double) boot->firmware_time, y, "firmware");
                y++;
        }
        if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
                svg_bar("loader", -(double) boot->loader_time, 0, y);
                svg_text(true, -(double) boot->loader_time, y, "loader");
                y++;
        }
        if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0) {
                svg_bar("kernel", 0, boot->kernel_done_time, y);
                svg_text(true, 0, y, "kernel");
                y++;
        }
        if (boot->initrd_time > 0) {
                svg_bar("initrd", boot->initrd_time, boot->userspace_time, y);
                if (boot->initrd_security_start_time < boot->initrd_security_finish_time)
                        svg_bar("security", boot->initrd_security_start_time, boot->initrd_security_finish_time, y);
                if (boot->initrd_generators_start_time < boot->initrd_generators_finish_time)
                        svg_bar("generators", boot->initrd_generators_start_time, boot->initrd_generators_finish_time, y);
                if (boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time < boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time)
                        svg_bar("unitsload", boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time, boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time, y);
                svg_text(true, boot->initrd_time, y, "initrd");
                y++;
        }

        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
                if (u->activating >= boot->userspace_time)
                        break;

                y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);
        }

        svg_bar("active", boot->userspace_time, boot->finish_time, y);
        if (boot->security_start_time > 0)
                svg_bar("security", boot->security_start_time, boot->security_finish_time, y);
        svg_bar("generators", boot->generators_start_time, boot->generators_finish_time, y);
        svg_bar("unitsload", boot->unitsload_start_time, boot->unitsload_finish_time, y);
        svg_text(true, boot->userspace_time, y, "systemd");
        y++;

        for (; u->has_data; u++)
                y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);

        svg("</g>\n");

        /* Legend */
        svg("<g transform=\"translate(20,100)\">\n");
        y++;
        svg_bar("activating", 0, 300000, y);
        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Activating");
        y++;
        svg_bar("active", 0, 300000, y);
        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Active");
        y++;
        svg_bar("deactivating", 0, 300000, y);
        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Deactivating");
        y++;
        if (boot->security_start_time > 0) {
                svg_bar("security", 0, 300000, y);
                svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Setting up security module");
                y++;
        }
        svg_bar("generators", 0, 300000, y);
        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Generators");
        y++;
        svg_bar("unitsload", 0, 300000, y);
        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Loading unit files");
        y++;

        svg("</g>\n\n");

        svg("</svg>\n");

        return 0;
}

static int list_dependencies_print(const char *name, unsigned level, unsigned branches,
                                   bool last, struct unit_times *times, struct boot_times *boot) {
        unsigned i;
        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], ts2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];

        for (i = level; i != 0; i--)
                printf("%s", special_glyph(branches & (1 << (i-1)) ? TREE_VERTICAL : TREE_SPACE));

        printf("%s", special_glyph(last ? TREE_RIGHT : TREE_BRANCH));

        if (times) {
                if (times->time > 0)
                        printf("%s%s @%s +%s%s", ansi_highlight_red(), name,
                               format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activating - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC),
                               format_timespan(ts2, sizeof(ts2), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
                else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
                        printf("%s @%s", name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
                else
                        printf("%s", name);
        } else
                printf("%s", name);
        printf("\n");

        return 0;
}

static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char ***deps) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;

        assert(bus);
        assert(name);
        assert(deps);

        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        return bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, path, "After", deps);
}

static Hashmap *unit_times_hashmap;

static int list_dependencies_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
        usec_t usa = 0, usb = 0;
        struct unit_times *times;

        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *a);
        if (times)
                usa = times->activated;
        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *b);
        if (times)
                usb = times->activated;

        return CMP(usb, usa);
}

static bool times_in_range(const struct unit_times *times, const struct boot_times *boot) {
        return times &&
                times->activated > 0 && times->activated <= boot->finish_time;
}

static int list_dependencies_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, unsigned level, char ***units,
                                 unsigned branches) {
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **deps = NULL;
        char **c;
        int r = 0;
        usec_t service_longest = 0;
        int to_print = 0;
        struct unit_times *times;
        struct boot_times *boot;

        if (strv_extend(units, name))
                return log_oom();

        r = list_dependencies_get_dependencies(bus, name, &deps);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        typesafe_qsort(deps, strv_length(deps), list_dependencies_compare);

        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
                if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
                    times->activated >= service_longest)
                        service_longest = times->activated;
        }

        if (service_longest == 0)
                return r;

        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
                if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
                    service_longest - times->activated <= arg_fuzz)
                        to_print++;
        }

        if (!to_print)
                return r;

        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
                if (!times_in_range(times, boot) ||
                    service_longest - times->activated > arg_fuzz)
                        continue;

                to_print--;

                r = list_dependencies_print(*c, level, branches, to_print == 0, times, boot);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                if (strv_contains(*units, *c)) {
                        r = list_dependencies_print("...", level + 1, (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0),
                                                    true, NULL, boot);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        continue;
                }

                r = list_dependencies_one(bus, *c, level + 1, units,
                                          (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0));
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                if (to_print == 0)
                        break;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int list_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
        struct unit_times *times;
        int r;
        const char *id;
        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        struct boot_times *boot;

        assert(bus);

        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        r = sd_bus_get_property(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        path,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                        "Id",
                        &error,
                        &reply,
                        "s");
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));

        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &id);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, id);

        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        if (times) {
                if (times->time)
                        printf("%s%s +%s%s\n", ansi_highlight_red(), id,
                               format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
                else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
                        printf("%s @%s\n", id, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
                else
                        printf("%s\n", id);
        }

        return list_dependencies_one(bus, name, 0, &units, 0);
}

static int analyze_critical_chain(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
        struct unit_times *u;
        Hashmap *h;
        int n, r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
        if (n <= 0)
                return n;

        h = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
        if (!h)
                return log_oom();

        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
                r = hashmap_put(h, u->name, u);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap: %m");
        }
        unit_times_hashmap = h;

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        puts("The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the \"@\" character.\n"
             "The time the unit takes to start is printed after the \"+\" character.\n");

        if (argc > 1) {
                char **name;
                STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1))
                        list_dependencies(bus, *name);
        } else
                list_dependencies(bus, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);

        h = hashmap_free(h);
        return 0;
}

static int analyze_blame(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
        struct unit_times *u;
        int n, r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
        if (n <= 0)
                return n;

        typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_time);

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
                char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];

                if (u->time > 0)
                        printf("%16s %s\n", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), u->name);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int analyze_time(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = pretty_boot_time(bus, &buf);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        puts(buf);
        return 0;
}

static int graph_one_property(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, const char* prop, const char *color, char* patterns[], char* from_patterns[], char* to_patterns[]) {
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
        char **unit;
        int r;
        bool match_patterns;

        assert(u);
        assert(prop);
        assert(color);

        match_patterns = strv_fnmatch(patterns, u->id, 0);

        if (!strv_isempty(from_patterns) &&
            !match_patterns &&
            !strv_fnmatch(from_patterns, u->id, 0))
                        return 0;

        r = bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, u->unit_path, prop, &units);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        STRV_FOREACH(unit, units) {
                bool match_patterns2;

                match_patterns2 = strv_fnmatch(patterns, *unit, 0);

                if (!strv_isempty(to_patterns) &&
                    !match_patterns2 &&
                    !strv_fnmatch(to_patterns, *unit, 0))
                        continue;

                if (!strv_isempty(patterns) && !match_patterns && !match_patterns2)
                        continue;

                printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" [color=\"%s\"];\n", u->id, *unit, color);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int graph_one(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, char *patterns[], char *from_patterns[], char *to_patterns[]) {
        int r;

        assert(bus);
        assert(u);

        if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_ORDER, DEP_ALL)) {
                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "After", "green", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_REQUIRE, DEP_ALL)) {
                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requires", "black", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requisite", "darkblue", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Wants", "grey66", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Conflicts", "red", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int expand_patterns(sd_bus *bus, char **patterns, char ***ret) {
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
        char **pattern;
        int r;

        STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns) {
                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
                _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;

                if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, *pattern) < 0)
                        return log_oom();

                if (string_is_glob(*pattern))
                        continue;

                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(*pattern);
                if (!unit)
                        return log_oom();

                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
                                bus,
                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                unit,
                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                                "Id",
                                &error,
                                &unit_id);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

                if (!streq(*pattern, unit_id)) {
                        if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, unit_id) < 0)
                                return log_oom();
                }
        }

        *ret = expanded_patterns;
        expanded_patterns = NULL; /* do not free */

        return 0;
}

static int dot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_from_patterns = NULL;
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_to_patterns = NULL;
        int r;
        UnitInfo u;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = expand_patterns(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &expanded_patterns);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_from_patterns, &expanded_from_patterns);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_to_patterns, &expanded_to_patterns);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_call_method(
                        bus,
                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                       "ListUnits",
                       &error,
                       &reply,
                       "");
        if (r < 0)
                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));

        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        printf("digraph systemd {\n");

        while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {

                r = graph_one(bus, &u, expanded_patterns, expanded_from_patterns, expanded_to_patterns);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        printf("}\n");

        log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
                 "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
                 "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
                 "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
                 "                 green     = After\n");

        if (on_tty())
                log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
                           "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");

        return 0;
}

static int dump_fallback(sd_bus *bus) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        const char *text = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(bus);

        r = sd_bus_call_method(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "Dump",
                        &error,
                        &reply,
                        NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call Dump: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &text);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        fputs(text, stdout);
        return 0;
}

static int dump(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        int fd = -1;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        if (!sd_bus_can_send(bus, SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD))
                return dump_fallback(bus);

        r = sd_bus_call_method(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "DumpByFileDescriptor",
                        &error,
                        &reply,
                        NULL);
        if (r < 0) {
                /* fall back to Dump if DumpByFileDescriptor is not supported */
                if (!IN_SET(r, -EACCES, -EBADR))
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call DumpByFileDescriptor: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

                return dump_fallback(bus);
        }

        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "h", &fd);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        fflush(stdout);
        return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
}

static int cat_config(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        char **arg;
        int r;

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        STRV_FOREACH(arg, argv + 1) {
                const char *t = NULL;

                if (arg != argv + 1)
                        print_separator();

                if (path_is_absolute(*arg)) {
                        const char *dir;

                        NULSTR_FOREACH(dir, CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("")) {
                                t = path_startswith(*arg, dir);
                                if (t)
                                        break;
                        }

                        if (!t) {
                                log_error("Path %s does not start with any known prefix.", *arg);
                                return -EINVAL;
                        }
                } else
                        t = *arg;

                r = conf_files_cat(arg_root, t);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(argc == 2);
        assert(argv);

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = sd_bus_set_property(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "LogLevel",
                        &error,
                        "s",
                        argv[1]);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        return 0;
}

static int get_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_free_ char *level = NULL;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "LogLevel",
                        &error,
                        &level);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log level: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        puts(level);
        return 0;
}

static int get_or_set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        return (argc == 1) ? get_log_level(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_level(argc, argv, userdata);
}

static int set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(argc == 2);
        assert(argv);

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = sd_bus_set_property(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "LogTarget",
                        &error,
                        "s",
                        argv[1]);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        return 0;
}

static int get_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "LogTarget",
                        &error,
                        &target);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        puts(target);
        return 0;
}

static int get_or_set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        return (argc == 1) ? get_log_target(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_target(argc, argv, userdata);
}

static int dump_unit_paths(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
        int r;
        char **p;

        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_scope, 0, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "lookup_paths_init() failed: %m");

        STRV_FOREACH(p, paths.search_path)
                puts(*p);

        return 0;
}

#if HAVE_SECCOMP
static void dump_syscall_filter(const SyscallFilterSet *set) {
        const char *syscall;

        printf("%s\n", set->name);
        printf("    # %s\n", set->help);
        NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, set->value)
                printf("    %s\n", syscall);
}

static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        bool first = true;

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        if (strv_isempty(strv_skip(argv, 1))) {
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < _SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MAX; i++) {
                        if (!first)
                                puts("");
                        dump_syscall_filter(syscall_filter_sets + i);
                        first = false;
                }
        } else {
                char **name;

                STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
                        const SyscallFilterSet *set;

                        if (!first)
                                puts("");

                        set = syscall_filter_set_find(*name);
                        if (!set) {
                                /* make sure the error appears below normal output */
                                fflush(stdout);

                                log_error("Filter set \"%s\" not found.", *name);
                                return -ENOENT;
                        }

                        dump_syscall_filter(set);
                        first = false;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

#else
static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        log_error("Not compiled with syscall filters, sorry.");
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
}
#endif

static int dump_timespan(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        char **input_timespan;

        STRV_FOREACH(input_timespan, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
                int r;
                usec_t usec_magnitude = 1, output_usecs;
                char ft_buf[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];

                r = parse_time(*input_timespan, &output_usecs, USEC_PER_SEC);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse time span '%s': %m", *input_timespan);

                printf("Original: %s\n", *input_timespan);
                printf("      %ss: %" PRIu64 "\n", special_glyph(MU), output_usecs);
                printf("   Human: %s\n", format_timespan(ft_buf, sizeof(ft_buf), output_usecs, usec_magnitude));

                if (input_timespan[1])
                        putchar('\n');
        }

        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

static int test_calendar(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        int ret = 0, r;
        char **p;
        usec_t n;

        n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);

        STRV_FOREACH(p, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
                _cleanup_(calendar_spec_freep) CalendarSpec *spec = NULL;
                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
                usec_t next;

                r = calendar_spec_from_string(*p, &spec);
                if (r < 0) {
                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
                        continue;
                }

                r = calendar_spec_normalize(spec);
                if (r < 0) {
                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to normalize calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
                        continue;
                }

                r = calendar_spec_to_string(spec, &t);
                if (r < 0) {
                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to format calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
                        continue;
                }

                if (!streq(t, *p))
                        printf("  Original form: %s\n", *p);

                printf("Normalized form: %s\n", t);

                r = calendar_spec_next_usec(spec, n, &next);
                if (r == -ENOENT)
                        printf("    Next elapse: never\n");
                else if (r < 0) {
                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine next elapse for '%s': %m", *p);
                        continue;
                } else {
                        char buffer[CONST_MAX(FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX)];

                        printf("    Next elapse: %s\n", format_timestamp(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));

                        if (!in_utc_timezone())
                                printf("       (in UTC): %s\n", format_timestamp_utc(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));

                        printf("       From now: %s\n", format_timestamp_relative(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
                }

                if (*(p+1))
                        putchar('\n');
        }

        return ret;
}

static int service_watchdogs(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        int b, r;

        assert(IN_SET(argc, 1, 2));
        assert(argv);

        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");

        /* get ServiceWatchdogs */
        if (argc == 1) {
                r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
                                bus,
                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                                "ServiceWatchdogs",
                                &error,
                                'b',
                                &b);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

                printf("%s\n", yes_no(!!b));

                return 0;
        }

        /* set ServiceWatchdogs */
        b = parse_boolean(argv[1]);
        if (b < 0) {
                log_error("Failed to parse service-watchdogs argument.");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        r = sd_bus_set_property(
                        bus,
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                        "ServiceWatchdogs",
                        &error,
                        "b",
                        b);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));

        return 0;
}

static int do_verify(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        return verify_units(strv_skip(argv, 1), arg_scope, arg_man, arg_generators);
}

static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
        int r;

        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd-analyze", "1", &link);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
               "Profile systemd, show unit dependencies, check unit files.\n\n"
               "  -h --help                Show this help\n"
               "     --version             Show package version\n"
               "     --no-pager            Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
               "     --system              Operate on system systemd instance\n"
               "     --user                Operate on user systemd instance\n"
               "     --global              Operate on global user configuration\n"
               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST    Operate on remote host\n"
               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER   Operate on local container\n"
               "     --order               Show only order in the graph\n"
               "     --require             Show only requirement in the graph\n"
               "     --from-pattern=GLOB   Show only origins in the graph\n"
               "     --to-pattern=GLOB     Show only destinations in the graph\n"
               "     --fuzz=SECONDS        Also print also services which finished SECONDS\n"
               "                           earlier than the latest in the branch\n"
               "     --man[=BOOL]          Do [not] check for existence of man pages\n\n"
               "     --generators[=BOOL]   Do [not] run unit generators (requires privileges)\n\n"
               "Commands:\n"
               "  time                     Print time spent in the kernel\n"
               "  blame                    Print list of running units ordered by time to init\n"
               "  critical-chain [UNIT...] Print a tree of the time critical chain of units\n"
               "  plot                     Output SVG graphic showing service initialization\n"
               "  dot [UNIT...]            Output dependency graph in man:dot(1) format\n"
               "  log-level [LEVEL]        Get/set logging threshold for manager\n"
               "  log-target [TARGET]      Get/set logging target for manager\n"
               "  dump                     Output state serialization of service manager\n"
               "  cat-config               Show configuration file and drop-ins\n"
               "  unit-paths               List load directories for units\n"
               "  syscall-filter [NAME...] Print list of syscalls in seccomp filter\n"
               "  verify FILE...           Check unit files for correctness\n"
               "  calendar SPEC...         Validate repetitive calendar time events\n"
               "  service-watchdogs [BOOL] Get/set service watchdog state\n"
               "  timespan SPAN...         Validate a time span\n"
               "\nSee the %s for details.\n"
               , program_invocation_short_name
               , link
        );

        /* When updating this list, including descriptions, apply changes to shell-completion/bash/systemd-analyze and
         * shell-completion/zsh/_systemd-analyze too. */

        return 0;
}

static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        enum {
                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
                ARG_ORDER,
                ARG_REQUIRE,
                ARG_ROOT,
                ARG_SYSTEM,
                ARG_USER,
                ARG_GLOBAL,
                ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN,
                ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN,
                ARG_FUZZ,
                ARG_NO_PAGER,
                ARG_MAN,
                ARG_GENERATORS,
        };

        static const struct option options[] = {
                { "help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                  },
                { "version",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION          },
                { "order",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER            },
                { "require",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE          },
                { "root",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT             },
                { "system",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM           },
                { "user",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER             },
                { "global",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL           },
                { "from-pattern", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN },
                { "to-pattern",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN   },
                { "fuzz",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_FUZZ             },
                { "no-pager",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER         },
                { "man",          optional_argument, NULL, ARG_MAN              },
                { "generators",   optional_argument, NULL, ARG_GENERATORS       },
                { "host",         required_argument, NULL, 'H'                  },
                { "machine",      required_argument, NULL, 'M'                  },
                {}
        };

        int r, c;

        assert(argc >= 0);
        assert(argv);

        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
                switch (c) {

                case 'h':
                        return help(0, NULL, NULL);

                case ARG_VERSION:
                        return version();

                case ARG_ROOT:
                        arg_root = optarg;
                        break;

                case ARG_SYSTEM:
                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
                        break;

                case ARG_USER:
                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_USER;
                        break;

                case ARG_GLOBAL:
                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL;
                        break;

                case ARG_ORDER:
                        arg_dot = DEP_ORDER;
                        break;

                case ARG_REQUIRE:
                        arg_dot = DEP_REQUIRE;
                        break;

                case ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN:
                        if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_from_patterns, optarg) < 0)
                                return log_oom();

                        break;

                case ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN:
                        if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_to_patterns, optarg) < 0)
                                return log_oom();

                        break;

                case ARG_FUZZ:
                        r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_fuzz);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
                        break;

                case 'H':
                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
                        arg_host = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'M':
                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
                        arg_host = optarg;
                        break;

                case ARG_MAN:
                        if (optarg) {
                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
                                if (r < 0) {
                                        log_error("Failed to parse --man= argument.");
                                        return -EINVAL;
                                }

                                arg_man = r;
                        } else
                                arg_man = true;

                        break;

                case ARG_GENERATORS:
                        if (optarg) {
                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
                                if (r < 0) {
                                        log_error("Failed to parse --generators= argument.");
                                        return -EINVAL;
                                }

                                arg_generators = r;
                        } else
                                arg_generators = true;

                        break;

                case '?':
                        return -EINVAL;

                default:
                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code.");
                }

        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL &&
            !STR_IN_SET(argv[optind] ?: "time", "dot", "unit-paths", "verify")) {
                log_error("Option --global only makes sense with verbs dot, unit-paths, verify.");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (arg_root && !streq_ptr(argv[optind], "cat-config")) {
                log_error("Option --root is only supported for cat-config right now.");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 1; /* work to do */
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

        static const Verb verbs[] = {
                { "help",              VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            help                   },
                { "time",              VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, analyze_time           },
                { "blame",             VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            analyze_blame          },
                { "critical-chain",    VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            analyze_critical_chain },
                { "plot",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            analyze_plot           },
                { "dot",               VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            dot                    },
                { "log-level",         VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            get_or_set_log_level   },
                { "log-target",        VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            get_or_set_log_target  },
                /* The following four verbs are deprecated aliases */
                { "set-log-level",     2,        2,        0,            set_log_level          },
                { "get-log-level",     VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            get_log_level          },
                { "set-log-target",    2,        2,        0,            set_log_target         },
                { "get-log-target",    VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            get_log_target         },
                { "dump",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            dump                   },
                { "cat-config",        2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            cat_config             },
                { "unit-paths",        1,        1,        0,            dump_unit_paths        },
                { "syscall-filter",    VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            dump_syscall_filters   },
                { "verify",            2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            do_verify              },
                { "calendar",          2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            test_calendar          },
                { "service-watchdogs", VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            service_watchdogs      },
                { "timespan",          2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            dump_timespan          },
                {}
        };

        int r;

        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C"); /* we want to format/parse floats in C style */

        log_parse_environment();
        log_open();

        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
        if (r <= 0)
                goto finish;

        r = dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);

finish:
        pager_close();

        strv_free(arg_dot_from_patterns);
        strv_free(arg_dot_to_patterns);

        return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
}