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1 | systemd System and Service Manager | |
2 | ||
3 | CHANGES WITH 227: | |
4 | ||
5 | * systemd now depends on util-linux v2.27. More specifically, | |
6 | the newly added mount monitor feature in libmount now | |
7 | replaces systemd's former own implementation. | |
8 | ||
9 | * libmount mandates /etc/mtab not to be regular file, and | |
10 | systemd now enforces this condition at early boot. | |
11 | /etc/mtab has been deprecated and warned about for a very | |
12 | long time, so systems running systemd should already have | |
13 | stopped having this file around as anything else than a | |
14 | symlink to /proc/self/mounts. | |
15 | ||
16 | * Support for the "pids" cgroup controller has been added. It | |
17 | allows accounting the number of tasks in a cgroup and | |
18 | enforcing limits on it. This adds two new setting | |
19 | TasksAccounting= and TasksMax= to each unit, as well as a | |
20 | global option DefaultTasksAccounting=. | |
21 | ||
22 | * Support for the "net_cls" cgroup controller has been added. | |
23 | It allows assigning a net class ID to each task in the | |
24 | cgroup, which can then be used in firewall rules and traffic | |
25 | shaping configurations. Note that the kernel netfilter net | |
26 | class code does not currently work reliably for ingress | |
27 | packets on unestablished sockets. | |
28 | ||
29 | This adds a new config directive called NetClass= to CGroup | |
30 | enabled units. Allowed values are positive numbers for fixed | |
31 | assignments and "auto" for picking a free value | |
32 | automatically. | |
33 | ||
34 | * 'systemctl is-system-running' now returns 'offline' if the | |
35 | system is not booted with systemd. This command can now be | |
36 | used as a substitute for 'systemd-notify --booted'. | |
37 | ||
38 | * Watchdog timeouts have been increased to 3 minutes for all | |
39 | in-tree service files. Apparently, disk IO issues are more | |
40 | frequent than we hoped, and user reported >1 minute waiting | |
41 | for disk IO. | |
42 | ||
43 | * 'machine-id-commit' functionality has been merged into | |
44 | 'machine-id-setup --commit'. The separate binary has been | |
45 | removed. | |
46 | ||
47 | * The WorkingDirectory= directive in unit files may now be set | |
48 | to the special value '~'. In this case, the working | |
49 | directory is set to the home directory of the user | |
50 | configured in User=. | |
51 | ||
52 | * "machinectl shell" will now open the shell in the home | |
53 | directory of the selected user by default. | |
54 | ||
55 | * The CrashChVT= configuration file setting is renamed to | |
56 | CrashChangeVT=, following our usual logic of not | |
57 | abbreviating unnecessarily. The old directive is still | |
58 | supported for compat reasons. Also, this directive now takes | |
59 | an integer value between 1 and 63, or a boolean value. The | |
60 | formerly supported '-1' value for disabling stays around for | |
61 | compat reasons. | |
62 | ||
63 | * The PrivateTmp=, PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork=, | |
64 | NoNewPrivileges=, TTYPath=, WorkingDirectory= and | |
65 | RootDirectory= properties can now be set for transient | |
66 | units. | |
67 | ||
68 | * The systemd-analyze tool gained a new "set-log-target" verb | |
69 | to change the logging target the system manager logs to | |
70 | dynamically during runtime. This is similar to how | |
71 | "systemd-analyze set-log-level" already changes the log | |
72 | level. | |
73 | ||
74 | * In nspawn /sys is now mounted as tmpfs, with only a selected | |
75 | set of subdirectories mounted in from the real sysfs. This | |
76 | enhances security slightly, and is useful for ensuring user | |
77 | namespaces work correctly. | |
78 | ||
79 | * Support for USB FunctionFS activation has been added. This | |
80 | allows implementation of USB gadget services that are | |
81 | activated as soon as they are requested, so that they don't | |
82 | have to run continously, similar to classic socket | |
83 | activation. | |
84 | ||
85 | * The "systemctl exit" command now optionally takes an | |
86 | additional parameter that sets the exit code to return from | |
87 | the systemd manager when exiting. This is only relevant when | |
88 | running the systemd user instance, or when running the | |
89 | system instance in a container. | |
90 | ||
91 | * sd-bus gained the new API calls sd_bus_path_encode_many() | |
92 | and sd_bus_path_decode_many() that allow easy encoding and | |
93 | decoding of multiple identifier strings inside a D-Bus | |
94 | object path. Another new call sd_bus_default_flush_close() | |
95 | has been added to flush and close per-thread default | |
96 | connections. | |
97 | ||
98 | * systemd-cgtop gained support for a -M/--machine= switch to | |
99 | show the control groups within a certain container only. | |
100 | ||
101 | * "systemctl kill" gained support for an optional --fail | |
102 | switch. If specified the requested operation will fail of no | |
103 | processes have been killed, because the unit had no | |
104 | processes attached, or similar. | |
105 | ||
106 | * A new systemd.crash_reboot=1 kernel command line option has | |
107 | been added that triggers a reboot after crashing. This can | |
108 | also be set through CrashReboot= in systemd.conf. | |
109 | ||
110 | * The RuntimeDirectory= setting now understands unit | |
111 | specifiers like %i or %f. | |
112 | ||
113 | * A new (still internal) libary API sd-ipv4acd has been added, | |
114 | that implements address conflict detection for IPv4. It's | |
115 | based on code from sd-ipv4ll, and will be useful for | |
116 | detecting DHCP address conflicts. | |
117 | ||
118 | * File descriptors passed during socket activation may now be | |
119 | named. A new API sd_listen_fds_with_names() is added to | |
120 | access the names. The default names may be overridden, | |
121 | either in the .socket file using the FileDescriptorName= | |
122 | parameter, or by passing FDNAME= when storing the file | |
123 | descriptors using sd_notify(). | |
124 | ||
125 | * systemd-networkd gained support for: | |
126 | ||
127 | - Setting the IPv6 Router Advertisment settings via | |
128 | IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= in .network files. | |
129 | ||
130 | - Configuring the HelloTimeSec=, MaxAgeSec= and | |
131 | ForwardDelaySec= bridge parameters in .netdev files. | |
132 | ||
133 | - Configuring PreferredSource= for static routes in | |
134 | .network files. | |
135 | ||
136 | * The "ask-password" framework used to query for LUKS harddisk | |
137 | passwords or SSL passwords during boot gained support for | |
138 | caching passwords in the kernel keyring, if it is | |
139 | available. This makes sure that the user only has to type in | |
140 | a passphrase once if there are multiple objects to unlock | |
141 | with the same one. Previously, such password caching was | |
142 | available only when Plymouth was used; this moves the | |
143 | caching logic into the systemd codebase itself. The | |
144 | "systemd-ask-password" utility gained a new --keyname= | |
145 | switch to control which kernel keyring key to use for | |
146 | caching a password in. This functionality is also useful for | |
147 | enabling display managers such as gdm to automatically | |
148 | unlock the user's GNOME keyring if its passphrase, the | |
149 | user's password and the harddisk password are the same, if | |
150 | gdm-autologin is used. | |
151 | ||
152 | * When downloading tar or raw images using "machinectl | |
153 | pull-tar" or "machinectl pull-raw", a matching ".nspawn" | |
154 | file is now also downloaded, if it is available and stored | |
155 | next to the image file. | |
156 | ||
157 | * Units of type ".socket" gained a new boolean setting | |
158 | Writable= which is only useful in conjunction with | |
159 | ListenSpecial=. If true, enables opening the specified | |
160 | special file in O_RDWR mode rather than O_RDONLY mode. | |
161 | ||
162 | * systemd-rfkill has been reworked to become a singleton | |
163 | service that is activated through /dev/rfkill on each rfkill | |
164 | state change and saves the settings to disk. This way, | |
165 | systemd-rfkill is now compatible with devices that exist | |
166 | only intermittendly, and even restores state if the previous | |
167 | system shutdown was abrupt rather than clean. | |
168 | ||
169 | * The journal daemon gained support for vacuuming old journal | |
170 | files controlled by the number of files that shall remain, | |
171 | in addition to the already existing control by size and by | |
172 | date. This is useful as journal interleaving performance | |
173 | degrades with too many seperate journal files, and allows | |
174 | putting an effective limit on them. The new setting defaults | |
175 | to 100, but this may be changed by setting SystemMaxFiles= | |
176 | and RuntimeMaxFiles= in journald.conf. Also, the | |
177 | "journalctl" tool gained the new --vacuum-files= switch to | |
178 | manually vacuum journal files to leave only the specified | |
179 | number of files in place. | |
180 | ||
181 | * udev will now create /dev/disk/by-path links for ATA devices | |
182 | on kernels where that is supported. | |
183 | ||
184 | * Galician, Serbian, Turkish and Korean translations were added. | |
185 | ||
186 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Alban Crequy, Beniamino | |
187 | Galvani, Benjamin Robin, Branislav Blaskovic, Chen-Han Hsiao | |
188 | (Stanley), Daniel Buch, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David | |
189 | Herrmann, David Milburn, doubleodoug, Evgeny Vereshchagin, | |
190 | Felipe Franciosi, Filipe Brandenburger, Fran Dieguez, Gabriel | |
191 | de Perthuis, Georg Müller, Hans de Goede, Hendrik Brueckner, | |
192 | Ivan Shapovalov, Jacob Keller, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, | |
193 | Jan Synacek, Jens Kuske, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Krzesimir | |
194 | Nowak, Krzysztof Kotlenga, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart | |
195 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, | |
196 | Marcel Holtmann, Marius Thesing, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
197 | Michael Gebetsroither, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
198 | Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, nazgul77, Nicolas Cornu, NoXPhasma, | |
199 | Olof Johansson, Patrik Flykt, Pawel Szewczyk, reverendhomer, | |
200 | Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Susant Sahani, | |
201 | Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
202 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Lyon, Viktar Vauchkevich, | |
203 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић | |
204 | ||
205 | -- Berlin, 2015-10-07 | |
206 | ||
207 | CHANGES WITH 226: | |
208 | ||
209 | * The DHCP implementation of systemd-networkd gained a set of | |
210 | new features: | |
211 | ||
212 | - The DHCP server now supports emitting DNS and NTP | |
213 | information. It may be enabled and configured via | |
214 | EmitDNS=, DNS=, EmitNTP=, and NTP=. If transmission of DNS | |
215 | and NTP information is enabled, but no servers are | |
216 | configured, the corresponding uplink information (if there | |
217 | is any) is propagated. | |
218 | ||
219 | - Server and client now support transmission and reception | |
220 | of timezone information. It can be configured via the | |
221 | newly introduced network options UseTimezone=, | |
222 | EmitTimezone=, and Timezone=. Transmission of timezone | |
223 | information is enabled between host and containers by | |
224 | default now: the container will change its local timezone | |
225 | to what the host has set. | |
226 | ||
227 | - Lease timeouts can now be configured via | |
228 | MaxLeaseTimeSec= and DefaultLeaseTimeSec=. | |
229 | ||
230 | - The DHCP server improved on the stability of | |
231 | leases. Clients are more likely to get the same lease | |
232 | information back, even if the server loses state. | |
233 | ||
234 | - The DHCP server supports two new configuration options to | |
235 | control the lease address pool metrics, PoolOffset= and | |
236 | PoolSize=. | |
237 | ||
238 | * The encapsulation limit of tunnels in systemd-networkd may | |
239 | now be configured via 'EncapsulationLimit='. It allows | |
240 | modifying the maximum additional levels of encapsulation | |
241 | that are permitted to be prepended to a packet. | |
242 | ||
243 | * systemd now supports the concept of user buses replacing | |
244 | session buses, if used with dbus-1.10 (and enabled via dbus | |
245 | --enable-user-session). It previously only supported this on | |
246 | kdbus-enabled systems, and this release expands this to | |
247 | 'dbus-daemon' systems. | |
248 | ||
249 | * systemd-networkd now supports predictable interface names | |
250 | for virtio devices. | |
251 | ||
252 | * systemd now optionally supports the new Linux kernel | |
253 | "unified" control group hierarchy. If enabled via the kernel | |
254 | command-line option 'systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1', | |
255 | systemd will try to mount the unified cgroup hierarchy | |
256 | directly on /sys/fs/cgroup. If not enabled, or not | |
257 | available, systemd will fall back to the legacy cgroup | |
258 | hierarchy setup, as before. Host system and containers can | |
259 | mix and match legacy and unified hierarchies as they | |
260 | wish. nspawn understands the $UNIFIED_CROUP_HIERARCHY | |
261 | environment variable to individually select the hierarchy to | |
262 | use for executed containers. By default, nspawn will use the | |
263 | unified hierarchy for the containers if the host uses the | |
264 | unified hierarchy, and the legacy hierarchy otherwise. | |
265 | Please note that at this point the unified hierarchy is an | |
266 | experimental kernel feature and is likely to change in one | |
267 | of the next kernel releases. Therefore, it should not be | |
268 | enabled by default in downstream distributions yet. The | |
269 | minimum required kernel version for the unified hierarchy to | |
270 | work is 4.2. Note that when the unified hierarchy is used | |
271 | for the first time delegated access to controllers is | |
272 | safe. Because of this systemd-nspawn containers will get | |
273 | access to controllers now, as will systemd user | |
274 | sessions. This means containers and user sessions may now | |
275 | manage their own resources, partitioning up what the system | |
276 | grants them. | |
277 | ||
278 | * A new special scope unit "init.scope" has been introduced | |
279 | that encapsulates PID 1 of the system. It may be used to | |
280 | determine resource usage and enforce resource limits on PID | |
281 | 1 itself. PID 1 hence moved out of the root of the control | |
282 | group tree. | |
283 | ||
284 | * The cgtop tool gained support for filtering out kernel | |
285 | threads when counting tasks in a control group. Also, the | |
286 | count of processes is now recursively summed up by | |
287 | default. Two options -k and --recursive= have been added to | |
288 | revert to old behaviour. The tool has also been updated to | |
289 | work correctly in containers now. | |
290 | ||
291 | * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --bind-ro= options have been | |
292 | extended to allow creation of non-recursive bind mounts. | |
293 | ||
294 | * libsystemd gained two new calls sd_pid_get_cgroup() and | |
295 | sd_peer_get_cgroup() which return the control group path of | |
296 | a process or peer of a connected AF_UNIX socket. This | |
297 | function call is particularly useful when implementing | |
298 | delegated subtrees support in the control group hierarchy. | |
299 | ||
300 | * The "sd-event" event loop API of libsystemd now supports | |
301 | correct dequeuing of real-time signals, without losing | |
302 | signal events. | |
303 | ||
304 | * When systemd requests a PolicyKit decision when managing | |
305 | units it will now add additional fields to the request, | |
306 | including unit name and desired operation. This enables more | |
307 | powerful PolicyKit policies, that make decisions depending | |
308 | on these parameters. | |
309 | ||
310 | * nspawn learnt support for .nspawn settings files, that may | |
311 | accompany the image files or directories of containers, and | |
312 | may contain additional settings for the container. This is | |
313 | an alternative to configuring container parameters via the | |
314 | nspawn command line. | |
315 | ||
316 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, David | |
317 | Herrmann, Eugene Yakubovich, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe | |
318 | Brandenburger, Hans de Goede, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
319 | Synacek, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mangix, Marcel | |
320 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michal | |
321 | Sekletar, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, reverendhomer, Robin | |
322 | Hack, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Pasche, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
323 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø | |
324 | ||
325 | -- Berlin, 2015-09-08 | |
326 | ||
327 | CHANGES WITH 225: | |
328 | ||
329 | * machinectl gained a new verb 'shell' which opens a fresh | |
330 | shell on the target container or the host. It is similar to | |
331 | the existing 'login' command of machinectl, but spawns the | |
332 | shell directly without prompting for username or | |
333 | password. The pseudo machine '.host' now refers to the local | |
334 | host and is used by default. Hence, 'machinectl shell' can | |
335 | be used as replacement for 'su -' which spawns a session as | |
336 | a fresh systemd unit in a way that is fully isolated from | |
337 | the originating session. | |
338 | ||
339 | * systemd-networkd learned to cope with private-zone DHCP | |
340 | options and allows other programs to query the values. | |
341 | ||
342 | * SELinux access control when enabling/disabling units is no | |
343 | longer enforced with this release. The previous | |
344 | implementation was incorrect, and a new corrected | |
345 | implementation is not yet available. As unit file operations | |
346 | are still protected via PolicyKit and D-Bus policy this is | |
347 | not a security problem. Yet, distributions which care about | |
348 | optimal SELinux support should probably not stabilize on | |
349 | this release. | |
350 | ||
351 | * sd-bus gained support for matches of type "arg0has=", that | |
352 | test for membership of strings in string arrays sent in bus | |
353 | messages. | |
354 | ||
355 | * systemd-resolved now dumps the contents of its DNS and LLMNR | |
356 | caches to the logs on reception of the SIGUSR1 signal. This | |
357 | is useful to debug DNS behaviour. | |
358 | ||
359 | * The coredumpctl tool gained a new --directory= option to | |
360 | operate on journal files in a specific directory. | |
361 | ||
362 | * "systemctl reboot" and related commands gained a new | |
363 | "--message=" option which may be used to set a free-text | |
364 | wall message when shutting down or rebooting the | |
365 | system. This message is also logged, which is useful for | |
366 | figuring out the reason for a reboot or shutdown a | |
367 | posteriori. | |
368 | ||
369 | * The "systemd-resolve-host" tool's -i switch now takes | |
370 | network interface numbers as alternative to interface names. | |
371 | ||
372 | * A new unit file setting for services has been introduced: | |
373 | UtmpMode= allows configuration of how precisely systemd | |
374 | handles utmp and wtmp entries for the service if this is | |
375 | enabled. This allows writing services that appear similar to | |
376 | user sessions in the output of the "w", "who", "last" and | |
377 | "lastlog" tools. | |
378 | ||
379 | * systemd-resolved will now locally synthesize DNS resource | |
380 | records for the "localhost" and "gateway" domains as well as | |
381 | the local hostname. This should ensure that clients querying | |
382 | RRs via resolved will get similar results as those going via | |
383 | NSS, if nss-myhostname is enabled. | |
384 | ||
385 | Contributions from: Alastair Hughes, Alex Crawford, Daniel | |
386 | Mack, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Kostrowski, | |
387 | Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Jan | |
388 | Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Johnny Robeson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
389 | Kefeng Wang, Lennart Poettering, Major Hayden, Marcel | |
390 | Holtmann, Markus Elfring, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Matt | |
391 | Turner, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Namhyung Kim, | |
392 | Nicolas Cornu, Owen W. Taylor, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, | |
393 | reverendhomer, Richard Maw, Ronny Chevalier, Seth Jennings, | |
394 | Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe | |
395 | Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Meyer, Tom Gundersen, Vincent Batts, | |
396 | WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
397 | ||
398 | -- Berlin, 2015-08-27 | |
399 | ||
400 | CHANGES WITH 224: | |
401 | ||
402 | * The systemd-efi-boot-generator functionality was merged into | |
403 | systemd-gpt-auto-generator. | |
404 | ||
405 | * systemd-networkd now supports Group Policy for vxlan | |
406 | devices. It can be enabled via the new boolean configuration | |
407 | option called 'GroupPolicyExtension='. | |
408 | ||
409 | Contributions from: Andreas Kempf, Christian Hesse, Daniel Mack, David | |
410 | Herrmann, Herman Fries, Johannes Nixdorf, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
411 | Poettering, Peter Hutterer, Susant Sahani, Tom Gundersen | |
412 | ||
413 | -- Berlin, 2015-07-31 | |
414 | ||
415 | CHANGES WITH 223: | |
416 | ||
417 | * The python-systemd code has been removed from the systemd repository. | |
418 | A new repository has been created which accommodates the code from | |
419 | now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a separate package | |
420 | for this: https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
421 | ||
422 | * The systemd daemon will now reload its main configuration | |
423 | (/etc/systemd/system.conf) on daemon-reload. | |
424 | ||
425 | * sd-dhcp now exposes vendor specific extensions via | |
426 | sd_dhcp_lease_get_vendor_specific(). | |
427 | ||
428 | * systemd-networkd gained a number of new configuration options. | |
429 | ||
430 | - A new boolean configuration option for TAP devices called | |
431 | 'VNetHeader='. If set, the IFF_VNET_HDR flag is set for the | |
432 | device, thus allowing to send and receive GSO packets. | |
433 | ||
434 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'CopyDSCP='. | |
435 | If enabled, the DSCP field of ip6 tunnels is copied into the | |
436 | decapsulated packet. | |
437 | ||
438 | - A set of boolean bridge configuration options were added. | |
439 | 'UseBPDU=', 'HairPin=', 'FastLeave=', 'AllowPortToBeRoot=', | |
440 | and 'UnicastFlood=' are now parsed by networkd and applied to the | |
441 | respective bridge link device via the respective IFLA_BRPORT_* | |
442 | netlink attribute. | |
443 | ||
444 | - A new string configuration option to override the hostname sent | |
445 | to a DHCP server, called 'Hostname='. If set and 'SendHostname=' | |
446 | is true, networkd will use the configured hostname instead of the | |
447 | system hostname when sending DHCP requests. | |
448 | ||
449 | - A new tunnel configuration option called 'IPv6FlowLabel='. If set, | |
450 | networkd will configure the IPv6 flow-label of the tunnel device | |
451 | according to RFC2460. | |
452 | ||
453 | - The 'macvtap' virtual network devices are now supported, similar to | |
454 | the already supported 'macvlan' devices. | |
455 | ||
456 | * systemd-resolved now implements RFC5452 to improve resilience against | |
457 | cache poisoning. Additionally, source port randomization is enabled | |
458 | by default to further protect against DNS spoofing attacks. | |
459 | ||
460 | * nss-mymachines now supports translating UIDs and GIDs of running | |
461 | containers with user-namespaces enabled. If a container 'foo' | |
462 | translates a host uid 'UID' to the container uid 'TUID', then | |
463 | nss-mymachines will also map uid 'UID' to/from username 'vu-foo-TUID' | |
464 | (with 'foo' and 'TUID' replaced accordingly). Similarly, groups are | |
465 | mapped as 'vg-foo-TGID'. | |
466 | ||
467 | Contributions from: Beniamino Galvani, cee1, Christian Hesse, Daniel | |
468 | Buch, Daniel Mack, daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
469 | HATAYAMA Daisuke, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), | |
470 | Johan Ouwerkerk, Jose Carlos Venegas Munoz, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, | |
471 | Lennart Poettering, Lidong Zhong, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
472 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Namhyung Kim, | |
473 | Nick Owens, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, Steven Allen, Sungbae Yoo, | |
474 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom | |
475 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo, | |
476 | Vivenzio Pagliari, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
477 | ||
478 | -- Berlin, 2015-07-29 | |
479 | ||
480 | CHANGES WITH 222: | |
481 | ||
482 | * udev does not longer support the WAIT_FOR_SYSFS= key in udev rules. | |
483 | There are no known issues with current sysfs, and udev does not need | |
484 | or should be used to work around such bugs. | |
485 | ||
486 | * udev does no longer enable USB HID power management. Several reports | |
487 | indicate, that some devices cannot handle that setting. | |
488 | ||
489 | * The udev accelerometer helper was removed. The functionality | |
490 | is now fully included in iio-sensor-proxy. But this means, | |
491 | older iio-sensor-proxy versions will no longer provide | |
492 | accelerometer/orientation data with this systemd version. | |
493 | Please upgrade iio-sensor-proxy to version 1.0. | |
494 | ||
495 | * networkd gained a new configuration option IPv6PrivacyExtensions= | |
496 | which enables IPv6 privacy extensions (RFC 4941, "Privacy Extensions | |
497 | for Stateless Address") on selected networks. | |
498 | ||
499 | * For the sake of fewer build-time dependencies and less code in the | |
500 | main repository, the python bindings are about to be removed in the | |
501 | next release. A new repository has been created which accommodates | |
502 | the code from now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a | |
503 | separate package for this. The removal will take place in v223. | |
504 | ||
505 | https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd | |
506 | ||
507 | Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Andrew Eikum, Bastien Nocera, | |
508 | Cédric Delmas, Christian Hesse, Christos Trochalakis, Daniel Mack, | |
509 | daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Biggers, Eric | |
510 | Cook, Felipe Sateler, Geert Jansen, Gerd Hoffmann, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
511 | Greg Kroah-Hartman, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Alexander Steffens | |
512 | (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jay Strict, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
513 | Markus Knetschke, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michal | |
514 | Sekletar, Miguel Bernal Marin, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, rinrinne, | |
515 | Susant Sahani, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
516 | Husebø, Vedran Miletić, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
517 | ||
518 | -- Berlin, 2015-07-07 | |
519 | ||
520 | CHANGES WITH 221: | |
521 | ||
522 | * The sd-bus.h and sd-event.h APIs have now been declared | |
523 | stable and have been added to the official interface of | |
524 | libsystemd.so. sd-bus implements an alternative D-Bus client | |
525 | library, that is relatively easy to use, very efficient and | |
526 | supports both classic D-Bus as well as kdbus as transport | |
527 | backend. sd-event is a generic event loop abstraction that | |
528 | is built around Linux epoll, but adds features such as event | |
529 | prioritization or efficient timer handling. Both APIs are good | |
530 | choices for C programs looking for a bus and/or event loop | |
531 | implementation that is minimal and does not have to be | |
532 | portable to other kernels. | |
533 | ||
534 | * kdbus support is no longer compile-time optional. It is now | |
535 | always built-in. However, it can still be disabled at | |
536 | runtime using the kdbus=0 kernel command line setting, and | |
537 | that setting may be changed to default to off, by specifying | |
538 | --disable-kdbus at build-time. Note though that the kernel | |
539 | command line setting has no effect if the kdbus.ko kernel | |
540 | module is not installed, in which case kdbus is (obviously) | |
541 | also disabled. We encourage all downstream distributions to | |
542 | begin testing kdbus by adding it to the kernel images in the | |
543 | development distributions, and leaving kdbus support in | |
544 | systemd enabled. | |
545 | ||
546 | * The minimal required util-linux version has been bumped to | |
547 | 2.26. | |
548 | ||
549 | * Support for chkconfig (--enable-chkconfig) was removed in | |
550 | favor of calling an abstraction tool | |
551 | /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. This needs to be | |
552 | implemented for your distribution. See "SYSV INIT.D SCRIPTS" | |
553 | in README for details. | |
554 | ||
555 | * If there's a systemd unit and a SysV init script for the | |
556 | same service name, and the user executes "systemctl enable" | |
557 | for it (or a related call), then this will now enable both | |
558 | (or execute the related operation on both), not just the | |
559 | unit. | |
560 | ||
561 | * The libudev API documentation has been converted from gtkdoc | |
562 | into man pages. | |
563 | ||
564 | * gudev has been removed from the systemd tree, it is now an | |
565 | external project. | |
566 | ||
567 | * The systemd-cgtop tool learnt a new --raw switch to generate | |
568 | "raw" (machine parsable) output. | |
569 | ||
570 | * networkd's IPForwarding= .network file setting learnt the | |
571 | new setting "kernel", which ensures that networkd does not | |
572 | change the IP forwarding sysctl from the default kernel | |
573 | state. | |
574 | ||
575 | * The systemd-logind bus API now exposes a new boolean | |
576 | property "Docked" that reports whether logind considers the | |
577 | system "docked", i.e. connected to a docking station or not. | |
578 | ||
579 | Contributions from: Alex Crawford, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei | |
580 | Borzenkov, Charles Duffy, Colin Guthrie, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
581 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, | |
582 | David Mohr, Dimitri John Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, dslul, Ed | |
583 | Swierk, Eric Cook, Filipe Brandenburger, Gianpaolo Macario, | |
584 | Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Igor Vuk, Jan Synacek, | |
585 | Jason Pleau, Jason S. McMullan, Jean Delvare, Jeff Huang, | |
586 | Jonathan Boulle, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, kloun, Lennart | |
587 | Poettering, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Mario | |
588 | Limonciello, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, | |
589 | Michal Schmidt, Mike Gilbert, Nick Owens, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes, | |
590 | Patrick Donnelly, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Philip | |
591 | Withnall, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Susant Sahani, | |
592 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
593 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Viktar Vauchkevich, Werner | |
594 | Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
595 | ||
596 | -- Berlin, 2015-06-19 | |
597 | ||
598 | CHANGES WITH 220: | |
599 | ||
600 | * The gudev library has been extracted into a separate repository | |
601 | available at: https://git.gnome.org/browse/libgudev/ | |
602 | It is now managed as part of the Gnome project. Distributions | |
603 | are recommended to pass --disable-gudev to systemd and use | |
604 | gudev from the Gnome project instead. gudev is still included | |
605 | in systemd, for now. It will be removed soon, though. Please | |
606 | also see the announcement-thread on systemd-devel: | |
607 | http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032070.html | |
608 | ||
609 | * systemd now exposes a CPUUsageNSec= property for each | |
610 | service unit on the bus, that contains the overall consumed | |
611 | CPU time of a service (the sum of what each process of the | |
612 | service consumed). This value is only available if | |
613 | CPUAccounting= is turned on for a service, and is then shown | |
614 | in the "systemctl status" output. | |
615 | ||
616 | * Support for configuring alternative mappings of the old SysV | |
617 | runlevels to systemd targets has been removed. They are now | |
618 | hardcoded in a way that runlevels 2, 3, 4 all map to | |
619 | multi-user.target and 5 to graphical.target (which | |
620 | previously was already the default behaviour). | |
621 | ||
622 | * The auto-mounter logic gained support for mount point | |
623 | expiry, using a new TimeoutIdleSec= setting in .automount | |
624 | units. (Also available as x-systemd.idle-timeout= in /etc/fstab). | |
625 | ||
626 | * The EFI System Partition (ESP) as mounted to /boot by | |
627 | systemd-efi-boot-generator will now be unmounted | |
628 | automatically after 2 minutes of not being used. This should | |
629 | minimize the risk of ESP corruptions. | |
630 | ||
631 | * New /etc/fstab options x-systemd.requires= and | |
632 | x-systemd.requires-mounts-for= are now supported to express | |
633 | additional dependencies for mounts. This is useful for | |
634 | journalling file systems that support external journal | |
635 | devices or overlay file systems that require underlying file | |
636 | systems to be mounted. | |
637 | ||
638 | * systemd does not support direct live-upgrades (via systemctl | |
639 | daemon-reexec) from versions older than v44 anymore. As no | |
640 | distribution we are aware of shipped such old versions in a | |
641 | stable release this should not be problematic. | |
642 | ||
643 | * When systemd forks off a new per-connection service instance | |
644 | it will now set the $REMOTE_ADDR environment variable to the | |
645 | remote IP address, and $REMOTE_PORT environment variable to | |
646 | the remote IP port. This behaviour is similar to the | |
647 | corresponding environment variables defined by CGI. | |
648 | ||
649 | * systemd-networkd gained support for uplink failure | |
650 | detection. The BindCarrier= option allows binding interface | |
651 | configuration dynamically to the link sense of other | |
652 | interfaces. This is useful to achieve behaviour like in | |
653 | network switches. | |
654 | ||
655 | * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the DHCP | |
656 | client identifier to use when requesting leases. | |
657 | ||
658 | * systemd-networkd now has a per-network UseNTP= option to | |
659 | configure whether NTP server information acquired via DHCP | |
660 | is passed on to services like systemd-timesyncd. | |
661 | ||
662 | * systemd-networkd gained support for vti6 tunnels. | |
663 | ||
664 | * Note that systemd-networkd manages the sysctl variable | |
665 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/conf/*/forwarding for each interface | |
666 | it is configured for since v219. The variable controls IP | |
667 | forwarding, and is a per-interface alternative to the global | |
668 | /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/ip_forward. This setting is | |
669 | configurable in the IPForward= option, which defaults to | |
670 | "no". This means if networkd is used for an interface it is | |
671 | no longer sufficient to set the global sysctl option to turn | |
672 | on IP forwarding! Instead, the .network file option | |
673 | IPForward= needs to be turned on! Note that the | |
674 | implementation of this behaviour was broken in v219 and has | |
675 | been fixed in v220. | |
676 | ||
677 | * Many bonding and vxlan options are now configurable in | |
678 | systemd-networkd. | |
679 | ||
680 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --property= setting to set unit | |
681 | properties for the container scope. This is useful for | |
682 | setting resource parameters (e.g "CPUShares=500") on | |
683 | containers started from the command line. | |
684 | ||
685 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --private-users= switch to make | |
686 | use of user namespacing available on recent Linux kernels. | |
687 | ||
688 | * systemd-nspawn may now be called as part of a shell pipeline | |
689 | in which case the pipes used for stdin and stdout are passed | |
690 | directly to the process invoked in the container, without | |
691 | indirection via a pseudo tty. | |
692 | ||
693 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch to control the UNIX | |
694 | signal to use when killing the init process of the container | |
695 | when shutting down. | |
696 | ||
697 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --overlay= switch for mounting | |
698 | overlay file systems into the container using the new kernel | |
699 | overlayfs support. | |
700 | ||
701 | * When a container image is imported via systemd-importd and | |
702 | the host file system is not btrfs, a loopback block device | |
703 | file is created in /var/lib/machines.raw with a btrfs file | |
704 | system inside. It is then mounted to /var/lib/machines to | |
705 | enable btrfs features for container management. The loopback | |
706 | file and btrfs file system is grown as needed when container | |
707 | images are imported via systemd-importd. | |
708 | ||
709 | * systemd-machined/systemd-importd gained support for btrfs | |
710 | quota, to enforce container disk space limits on disk. This | |
711 | is exposed in "machinectl set-limit". | |
712 | ||
713 | * systemd-importd now can import containers from local .tar, | |
714 | .raw and .qcow2 images, and export them to .tar and .raw. It | |
715 | can also import dkr v2 images now from the network (on top | |
716 | of v1 as before). | |
717 | ||
718 | * systemd-importd gained support for verifying downloaded | |
719 | images with gpg2 (previously only gpg1 was supported). | |
720 | ||
721 | * systemd-machined, systemd-logind, systemd: most bus calls | |
722 | are now accessible to unprivileged processes via | |
723 | PolicyKit. Also, systemd-logind will now allow users to kill | |
724 | their own sessions without further privileges or | |
725 | authorization. | |
726 | ||
727 | * systemd-shutdownd has been removed. This service was | |
728 | previously responsible for implementing scheduled shutdowns | |
729 | as exposed in /usr/bin/shutdown's time parameter. This | |
730 | functionality has now been moved into systemd-logind and is | |
731 | accessible via a bus interface. | |
732 | ||
733 | * "systemctl reboot" gained a new switch --firmware-setup that | |
734 | can be used to reboot into the EFI firmware setup, if that | |
735 | is available. systemd-logind now exposes an API on the bus | |
736 | to trigger such reboots, in case graphical desktop UIs want | |
737 | to cover this functionality. | |
738 | ||
739 | * "systemctl enable", "systemctl disable" and "systemctl mask" | |
740 | now support a new "--now" switch. If specified the units | |
741 | that are enabled will also be started, and the ones | |
742 | disabled/masked also stopped. | |
743 | ||
744 | * The Gummiboot EFI boot loader tool has been merged into | |
745 | systemd, and renamed to "systemd-boot". The bootctl tool has been | |
746 | updated to support systemd-boot. | |
747 | ||
748 | * An EFI kernel stub has been added that may be used to create | |
749 | kernel EFI binaries that contain not only the actual kernel, | |
750 | but also an initrd, boot splash, command line and OS release | |
751 | information. This combined binary can then be signed as a | |
752 | single image, so that the firmware can verify it all in one | |
753 | step. systemd-boot has special support for EFI binaries created | |
754 | like this and can extract OS release information from them | |
755 | and show them in the boot menu. This functionality is useful | |
756 | to implement cryptographically verified boot schemes. | |
757 | ||
758 | * Optional support has been added to systemd-fsck to pass | |
759 | fsck's progress report to an AF_UNIX socket in the file | |
760 | system. | |
761 | ||
762 | * udev will no longer create device symlinks for all block | |
763 | devices by default. A blacklist for excluding special block | |
764 | devices from this logic has been turned into a whitelist | |
765 | that requires picking block devices explicitly that require | |
766 | device symlinks. | |
767 | ||
768 | * A new (currently still internal) API sd-device.h has been | |
769 | added to libsystemd. This modernized API is supposed to | |
770 | replace libudev eventually. In fact, already much of libudev | |
771 | is now just a wrapper around sd-device.h. | |
772 | ||
773 | * A new hwdb database for storing metadata about pointing | |
774 | stick devices has been added. | |
775 | ||
776 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for setting file attributes | |
777 | similar to the "chattr" tool with new 'h' and 'H' lines. | |
778 | ||
779 | * systemd-journald will no longer unconditionally set the | |
780 | btrfs NOCOW flag on new journal files. This is instead done | |
781 | with tmpfiles snippet using the new 'h' line type. This | |
782 | allows easy disabling of this logic, by masking the | |
783 | journal-nocow.conf tmpfiles file. | |
784 | ||
785 | * systemd-journald will now translate audit message types to | |
786 | human readable identifiers when writing them to the | |
787 | journal. This should improve readability of audit messages. | |
788 | ||
789 | * The LUKS logic gained support for the offset= and skip= | |
790 | options in /etc/crypttab, as previously implemented by | |
791 | Debian. | |
792 | ||
793 | * /usr/lib/os-release gained a new optional field VARIANT= for | |
794 | distributions that support multiple variants (such as a | |
795 | desktop edition, a server edition, ...) | |
796 | ||
797 | Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Adam Goode, Alban Crequy, | |
798 | Alberto Fanjul Alonso, Alexander Sverdlin, Alex Puchades, Alin | |
799 | Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrew Jones, Arend van Spriel, | |
800 | Benedikt Morbach, Benjamin Franzke, Benjamin Tissoires, Blaž | |
801 | Tomažič, Chris Morgan, Chris Morin, Colin Walters, Cristian | |
802 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel | |
803 | Mack, Daniel Mustieles, daurnimator, Davide Bettio, David | |
804 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Didier Roche, Dimitri John Ledkov, | |
805 | Eric Cook, Gavin Li, Goffredo Baroncelli, Hannes Reinecke, | |
806 | Hans de Goede, Hans-Peter Deifel, Harald Hoyer, Iago López | |
807 | Galeiras, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
808 | Pazdziora, Jan Synacek, Jasper St. Pierre, Jay Faulkner, John | |
809 | Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathon Gilbert, Karel Zak, Kay | |
810 | Sievers, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas | |
811 | De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Lukas Rusak, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz | |
812 | Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel | |
813 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Chevrier, Matthew Garrett, | |
814 | Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
815 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nir Soffer, Patrik | |
816 | Flykt, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Peter Lemenkov, Peter | |
817 | Waller, Piotr Drąg, Raul Gutierrez S, Richard Maw, Ronny | |
818 | Chevalier, Ross Burton, Sebastian Rasmussen, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
819 | Seth Jennings, Shawn Landden, Simon Farnsworth, Stefan Junker, | |
820 | Stephen Gallagher, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas | |
821 | Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tobias Hunger, Tom | |
822 | Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Will | |
823 | Woods, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
824 | ||
825 | -- Berlin, 2015-05-22 | |
826 | ||
827 | CHANGES WITH 219: | |
828 | ||
829 | * Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware | |
830 | metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query | |
831 | and enumerate the udev hwdb, decoupled from the old libudev | |
832 | library. libudev's interface for this is now only a wrapper | |
833 | around sd-hwdb. A new tool systemd-hwdb has been added to | |
834 | interface with and update the database. | |
835 | ||
836 | * When any of systemd's tools copies files (for example due to | |
837 | tmpfiles' C lines) a btrfs reflink will attempted first, | |
838 | before bytewise copying is done. | |
839 | ||
840 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --ephemeral switch. When | |
841 | specified a btrfs snapshot is taken of the container's root | |
842 | directory, and immediately removed when the container | |
843 | terminates again. Thus, a container can be started whose | |
844 | changes never alter the container's root directory, and are | |
845 | lost on container termination. This switch can also be used | |
846 | for starting a container off the root file system of the | |
847 | host without affecting the host OS. This switch is only | |
848 | available on btrfs file systems. | |
849 | ||
850 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the | |
851 | path to a container tree to use as template for the tree | |
852 | specified via --directory=, should that directory be | |
853 | missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically, | |
854 | on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file | |
855 | systems. | |
856 | ||
857 | * When a .mount unit refers to a mount point on which multiple | |
858 | mounts are stacked, and the .mount unit is stopped all of | |
859 | the stacked mount points will now be unmounted until no | |
860 | mount point remains. | |
861 | ||
862 | * systemd now has an explicit notion of supported and | |
863 | unsupported unit types. Jobs enqueued for unsupported unit | |
864 | types will now fail with an "unsupported" error code. More | |
865 | specifically .swap, .automount and .device units are not | |
866 | supported in containers, .busname units are not supported on | |
867 | non-kdbus systems. .swap and .automount are also not | |
868 | supported if their respective kernel compile time options | |
869 | are disabled. | |
870 | ||
871 | * machinectl gained support for two new "copy-from" and | |
872 | "copy-to" commands for copying files from a running | |
873 | container to the host or vice versa. | |
874 | ||
875 | * machinectl gained support for a new "bind" command to bind | |
876 | mount host directories into local containers. This is | |
877 | currently only supported for nspawn containers. | |
878 | ||
879 | * networkd gained support for configuring bridge forwarding | |
880 | database entries (fdb) from .network files. | |
881 | ||
882 | * A new tiny daemon "systemd-importd" has been added that can | |
883 | download container images in tar, raw, qcow2 or dkr formats, | |
884 | and make them available locally in /var/lib/machines, so | |
885 | that they can run as nspawn containers. The daemon can GPG | |
886 | verify the downloads (not supported for dkr, since it has no | |
887 | provisions for verifying downloads). It will transparently | |
888 | decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary, | |
889 | and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege | |
890 | separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with | |
891 | fewer privileges than the daemon itself. machinectl has | |
892 | gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to | |
893 | make the functionality of importd available to the | |
894 | user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud" | |
895 | images can be downloaded and booted as containers unmodified | |
896 | (the Fedora images lack the appropriate GPG signature files | |
897 | currently, so they cannot be verified, but this will change | |
898 | soon, hopefully). Note that downloading images is currently | |
899 | only fully supported on btrfs. | |
900 | ||
901 | * machinectl is now able to list container images found in | |
902 | /var/lib/machines, along with some metadata about sizes of | |
903 | disk and similar. If the directory is located on btrfs and | |
904 | quota is enabled, this includes quota display. A new command | |
905 | "image-status" has been added that shows additional | |
906 | information about images. | |
907 | ||
908 | * machinectl is now able to clone container images | |
909 | efficiently, if the underlying file system (btrfs) supports | |
910 | it, with the new "machinectl list-images" command. It also | |
911 | gained commands for renaming and removing images, as well as | |
912 | marking them read-only or read-write (supported also on | |
913 | legacy file systems). | |
914 | ||
915 | * networkd gained support for collecting LLDP network | |
916 | announcements, from hardware that supports this. This is | |
917 | shown in networkctl output. | |
918 | ||
919 | * systemd-run gained support for a new -t (--pty) switch for | |
920 | invoking a binary on a pty whose input and output is | |
921 | connected to the invoking terminal. This allows executing | |
922 | processes as system services while interactively | |
923 | communicating with them via the terminal. Most interestingly | |
924 | this is supported across container boundaries. Invoking | |
925 | "systemd-run -t /bin/bash" is an alternative to running a | |
926 | full login session, the difference being that the former | |
927 | will not register a session, nor go through the PAM session | |
928 | setup. | |
929 | ||
930 | * tmpfiles gained support for a new "v" line type for creating | |
931 | btrfs subvolumes. If the underlying file system is a legacy | |
932 | file system, this automatically degrades to creating a | |
933 | normal directory. Among others /var/lib/machines is now | |
934 | created like this at boot, should it be missing. | |
935 | ||
936 | * The directory /var/lib/containers/ has been deprecated and | |
937 | been replaced by /var/lib/machines. The term "machines" has | |
938 | been used in the systemd context as generic term for both | |
939 | VMs and containers, and hence appears more appropriate for | |
940 | this, as the directory can also contain raw images bootable | |
941 | via qemu/kvm. | |
942 | ||
943 | * systemd-nspawn when invoked with -M but without --directory= | |
944 | or --image= is now capable of searching for the container | |
945 | root directory, subvolume or disk image automatically, in | |
946 | /var/lib/machines. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated | |
947 | to make use of this, thus allowing it to be used for raw | |
948 | disk images, too. | |
949 | ||
950 | * A new machines.target unit has been introduced that is | |
951 | supposed to group all containers/VMs invoked as services on | |
952 | the system. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated to | |
953 | integrate with that. | |
954 | ||
955 | * machinectl gained a new "start" command, for invoking a | |
956 | container as a service. "machinectl start foo" is mostly | |
957 | equivalent to "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foo.service", | |
958 | but handles escaping in a nicer way. | |
959 | ||
960 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount most of the cgroupfs tree | |
961 | read-only into each container, with the exception of the | |
962 | container's own subtree in the name=systemd hierarchy. | |
963 | ||
964 | * journald now sets the special FS_NOCOW file flag for its | |
965 | journal files. This should improve performance on btrfs, by | |
966 | avoiding heavy fragmentation when journald's write-pattern | |
967 | is used on COW file systems. It degrades btrfs' data | |
968 | integrity guarantees for the files to the same levels as for | |
969 | ext3/ext4 however. This should be OK though as journald does | |
970 | its own data integrity checks and all its objects are | |
971 | checksummed on disk. Also, journald should handle btrfs disk | |
972 | full events a lot more gracefully now, by processing SIGBUS | |
973 | errors, and not relying on fallocate() anymore. | |
974 | ||
975 | * When journald detects that journal files it is writing to | |
976 | have been deleted it will immediately start new journal | |
977 | files. | |
978 | ||
979 | * systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors | |
980 | per-service in PID 1.This is useful for daemons to ensure | |
981 | that fds they require are not lost during a daemon | |
982 | restart. The fds are passed to the daemon on the next | |
983 | invocation in the same way socket activation fds are | |
984 | passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the | |
985 | various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr | |
986 | are not lost when journald is restarted. File descriptors | |
987 | may be stored in PID 1 via the sd_pid_notify_with_fds() API, | |
988 | an extension to sd_notify(). Note that a limit is enforced | |
989 | on the number of fds a service can store in PID 1, and it | |
990 | defaults to 0, so that no fds may be stored, unless this is | |
991 | explicitly turned on. | |
992 | ||
993 | * The default TERM variable to use for units connected to a | |
994 | terminal, when no other value is explicitly is set is now | |
995 | vt220 rather than vt102. This should be fairly safe still, | |
996 | but allows PgUp/PgDn work. | |
997 | ||
998 | * The /etc/crypttab option header= as known from Debian is now | |
999 | supported. | |
1000 | ||
1001 | * "loginctl user-status" and "loginctl session-status" will | |
1002 | now show the last 10 lines of log messages of the | |
1003 | user/session following the status output. Similar, | |
1004 | "machinectl status" will show the last 10 log lines | |
1005 | associated with a virtual machine or container | |
1006 | service. (Note that this is usually not the log messages | |
1007 | done in the VM/container itself, but simply what the | |
1008 | container manager logs. For nspawn this includes all console | |
1009 | output however.) | |
1010 | ||
1011 | * "loginctl session-status" without further argument will now | |
1012 | show the status of the session of the caller. Similar, | |
1013 | "lock-session", "unlock-session", "activate", | |
1014 | "enable-linger", "disable-linger" may now be called without | |
1015 | session/user parameter in which case they apply to the | |
1016 | caller's session/user. | |
1017 | ||
1018 | * An X11 session scriptlet is now shipped that uploads | |
1019 | $DISPLAY and $XAUTHORITY into the environment of the systemd | |
1020 | --user daemon if a session begins. This should improve | |
1021 | compatibility with X11 enabled applications run as systemd | |
1022 | user services. | |
1023 | ||
1024 | * Generators are now subject to masking via /etc and /run, the | |
1025 | same way as unit files. | |
1026 | ||
1027 | * networkd .network files gained support for configuring | |
1028 | per-link IPv4/IPv6 packet forwarding as well as IPv4 | |
1029 | masquerading. This is by default turned on for veth links to | |
1030 | containers, as registered by systemd-nspawn. This means that | |
1031 | nspawn containers run with --network-veth will now get | |
1032 | automatic routed access to the host's networks without any | |
1033 | further configuration or setup, as long as networkd runs on | |
1034 | the host. | |
1035 | ||
1036 | * systemd-nspawn gained the --port= (-p) switch to expose TCP | |
1037 | or UDP posts of a container on the host. With this in place | |
1038 | it is possible to run containers with private veth links | |
1039 | (--network-veth), and have their functionality exposed on | |
1040 | the host as if their services were running directly on the | |
1041 | host. | |
1042 | ||
1043 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth switch now gained a short | |
1044 | version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly | |
1045 | useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been | |
1046 | updated to make use of it too by default. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | * systemd-nspawn will now maintain a per-image R/W lock, to | |
1049 | ensure that the same image is not started more than once | |
1050 | writable. (It's OK to run an image multiple times | |
1051 | simultaneously in read-only mode.) | |
1052 | ||
1053 | * systemd-nspawn's --image= option is now capable of | |
1054 | dissecting and booting MBR and GPT disk images that contain | |
1055 | only a single active Linux partition. Previously it | |
1056 | supported only GPT disk images with proper GPT type | |
1057 | IDs. This allows running cloud images from major | |
1058 | distributions directly with systemd-nspawn, without | |
1059 | modification. | |
1060 | ||
1061 | * In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev | |
1062 | hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle | |
1063 | information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is | |
1064 | supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behavior on mice | |
1065 | that it knows about. There's also support for collecting | |
1066 | information about Touchpad types. | |
1067 | ||
1068 | * udev's input_id built-in will now also collect touch screen | |
1069 | dimension data and attach it to probed devices. | |
1070 | ||
1071 | * /etc/os-release gained support for a Distribution Privacy | |
1072 | Policy link field. | |
1073 | ||
1074 | * networkd gained support for creating "ipvlan", "gretap", | |
1075 | "ip6gre", "ip6gretap" and "ip6tnl" network devices. | |
1076 | ||
1077 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for "a" lines for setting | |
1078 | ACLs on files. | |
1079 | ||
1080 | * systemd-nspawn will now mount /tmp in the container to | |
1081 | tmpfs, automatically. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | * systemd now exposes the memory.usage_in_bytes cgroup | |
1084 | attribute and shows it for each service in the "systemctl | |
1085 | status" output, if available. | |
1086 | ||
1087 | * When the user presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more than 7x within 2s an | |
1088 | immediate reboot is triggered. This useful if shutdown is | |
1089 | hung and is unable to complete, to expedite the | |
1090 | operation. Note that this kind of reboot will still unmount | |
1091 | all file systems, and hence should not result in fsck being | |
1092 | run on next reboot. | |
1093 | ||
1094 | * A .device unit for an optical block device will now be | |
1095 | considered active only when a medium is in the drive. Also, | |
1096 | mount units are now bound to their backing devices thus | |
1097 | triggering automatic unmounting when devices become | |
1098 | unavailable. With this in place systemd will now | |
1099 | automatically unmount left-over mounts when a CD-ROM is | |
1100 | ejected or an USB stick is yanked from the system. | |
1101 | ||
1102 | * networkd-wait-online now has support for waiting for | |
1103 | specific interfaces only (with globbing), and for giving up | |
1104 | after a configurable timeout. | |
1105 | ||
1106 | * networkd now exits when idle. It will be automatically | |
1107 | restarted as soon as interfaces show up, are removed or | |
1108 | change state. networkd will stay around as long as there is | |
1109 | at least one DHCP state machine or similar around, that keep | |
1110 | it non-idle. | |
1111 | ||
1112 | * networkd may now configure IPv6 link-local addressing in | |
1113 | addition to IPv4 link-local addressing. | |
1114 | ||
1115 | * The IPv6 "token" for use in SLAAC may now be configured for | |
1116 | each .network interface in networkd. | |
1117 | ||
1118 | * Routes configured with networkd may now be assigned a scope | |
1119 | in .network files. | |
1120 | ||
1121 | * networkd's [Match] sections now support globbing and lists | |
1122 | of multiple space-separated matches per item. | |
1123 | ||
1124 | Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alin Rauta, Andrey Chaser, | |
1125 | Bastien Nocera, Bruno Bottazzini, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos | |
1126 | Morata Castillo, Chris Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian | |
1127 | Kirbach, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill, Colin Guthrie, | |
1128 | Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, | |
1129 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, Erik Auerswald, | |
1130 | Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen, Gabriel de | |
1131 | Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan | |
1132 | Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl, Jonas | |
1133 | Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers, Ken | |
1134 | Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Märdian, | |
1135 | Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
1136 | Manuel Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko | |
1137 | Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, | |
1138 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas | |
1139 | Baranauskas, Moez Bouhlel, Naveen Kumar, Patrik Flykt, Paul | |
1140 | Martin, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, Philippe De Swert, | |
1141 | Piotr Drąg, Rafael Ferreira, Rami Rosen, Robert Milasan, Ronny | |
1142 | Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Sebastien Bacher, Sergey Ptashnick, | |
1143 | Shawn Landden, Stéphane Graber, Susant Sahani, Sylvain | |
1144 | Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tim JP, Tom | |
1145 | Gundersen, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar | |
1146 | Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, Wieland | |
1147 | Hoffmann, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1148 | ||
1149 | -- Berlin, 2015-02-16 | |
1150 | ||
1151 | CHANGES WITH 218: | |
1152 | ||
1153 | * When querying unit file enablement status (for example via | |
1154 | "systemctl is-enabled"), a new state "indirect" is now known | |
1155 | which indicates that a unit might not be enabled itself, but | |
1156 | another unit listed in its Also= setting might be. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | * Similar to the various existing ConditionXYZ= settings for | |
1159 | units, there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While | |
1160 | failing conditions cause a unit to be skipped, but its job | |
1161 | to succeed, failing assertions declared like this will cause | |
1162 | a unit start operation and its job to fail. | |
1163 | ||
1164 | * hostnamed now knows a new chassis type "embedded". | |
1165 | ||
1166 | * systemctl gained a new "edit" command. When used on a unit | |
1167 | file, this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in | |
1168 | configuration snippets or editing the full file (after | |
1169 | copying it from /usr/lib to /etc). This will invoke the | |
1170 | user's editor (as configured with $EDITOR), and reload the | |
1171 | modified configuration after editing. | |
1172 | ||
1173 | * "systemctl status" now shows the suggested enablement state | |
1174 | for a unit, as declared in the (usually vendor-supplied) | |
1175 | system preset files. | |
1176 | ||
1177 | * nss-myhostname will now resolve the single-label host name | |
1178 | "gateway" to the locally configured default IP routing | |
1179 | gateways, ordered by their metrics. This assigns a stable | |
1180 | name to the used gateways, regardless which ones are | |
1181 | currently configured. Note that the name will only be | |
1182 | resolved after all other name sources (if nss-myhostname is | |
1183 | configured properly) and should hence not negatively impact | |
1184 | systems that use the single-label host name "gateway" in | |
1185 | other contexts. | |
1186 | ||
1187 | * systemd-inhibit now allows filtering by mode when listing | |
1188 | inhibitors. | |
1189 | ||
1190 | * Scope and service units gained a new "Delegate" boolean | |
1191 | property, which, when set, allows processes running inside the | |
1192 | unit to further partition resources. This is primarily | |
1193 | useful for systemd user instances as well as container | |
1194 | managers. | |
1195 | ||
1196 | * journald will now pick up audit messages directly from | |
1197 | the kernel, and log them like any other log message. The | |
1198 | audit fields are split up and fully indexed. This means that | |
1199 | journalctl in many ways is now a (nicer!) alternative to | |
1200 | ausearch, the traditional audit client. Note that this | |
1201 | implements only a minimal audit client. If you want the | |
1202 | special audit modes like reboot-on-log-overflow, please use | |
1203 | the traditional auditd instead, which can be used in | |
1204 | parallel to journald. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | * The ConditionSecurity= unit file option now understands the | |
1207 | special string "audit" to check whether auditing is | |
1208 | available. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | * journalctl gained two new commands --vacuum-size= and | |
1211 | --vacuum-time= to delete old journal files until the | |
1212 | remaining ones take up no more than the specified size on disk, | |
1213 | or are not older than the specified time. | |
1214 | ||
1215 | * A new, native PPPoE library has been added to sd-network, | |
1216 | systemd's library of light-weight networking protocols. This | |
1217 | library will be used in a future version of networkd to | |
1218 | enable PPPoE communication without an external pppd daemon. | |
1219 | ||
1220 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "capture" verb that | |
1221 | works similar to "monitor", but writes a packet capture | |
1222 | trace to STDOUT that can be redirected to a file which is | |
1223 | compatible with libcap's capture file format. This can then | |
1224 | be loaded in Wireshark and similar tools to inspect bus | |
1225 | communication. | |
1226 | ||
1227 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "tree" verb that shows | |
1228 | the object trees of a specific service on the bus, or of all | |
1229 | services. | |
1230 | ||
1231 | * The busctl tool now understands a new "introspect" verb that | |
1232 | shows all interfaces and members of objects on the bus, | |
1233 | including their signature and values. This is particularly | |
1234 | useful to get more information about bus objects shown by | |
1235 | the new "busctl tree" command. | |
1236 | ||
1237 | * The busctl tool now understands new verbs "call", | |
1238 | "set-property" and "get-property" for invoking bus method | |
1239 | calls, setting and getting bus object properties in a | |
1240 | friendly way. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | * busctl gained a new --augment-creds= argument that controls | |
1243 | whether the tool shall augment credential information it | |
1244 | gets from the bus with data from /proc, in a possibly | |
1245 | race-ful way. | |
1246 | ||
1247 | * nspawn's --link-journal= switch gained two new values | |
1248 | "try-guest" and "try-host" that work like "guest" and | |
1249 | "host", but do not fail if the host has no persistent | |
1250 | journalling enabled. -j is now equivalent to | |
1251 | --link-journal=try-guest. | |
1252 | ||
1253 | * macvlan network devices created by nspawn will now have | |
1254 | stable MAC addresses. | |
1255 | ||
1256 | * A new SmackProcessLabel= unit setting has been added, which | |
1257 | controls the SMACK security label processes forked off by | |
1258 | the respective unit shall use. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | * If compiled with --enable-xkbcommon, systemd-localed will | |
1261 | verify x11 keymap settings by compiling the given keymap. It | |
1262 | will spew out warnings if the compilation fails. This | |
1263 | requires libxkbcommon to be installed. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | * When a coredump is collected, a larger number of metadata | |
1266 | fields is now collected and included in the journal records | |
1267 | created for it. More specifically, control group membership, | |
1268 | environment variables, memory maps, working directory, | |
1269 | chroot directory, /proc/$PID/status, and a list of open file | |
1270 | descriptors is now stored in the log entry. | |
1271 | ||
1272 | * The udev hwdb now contains DPI information for mice. For | |
1273 | details see: | |
1274 | ||
1275 | http://who-t.blogspot.de/2014/12/building-a-dpi-database-for-mice.html | |
1276 | ||
1277 | * All systemd programs that read standalone configuration | |
1278 | files in /etc now also support a corresponding series of | |
1279 | .conf.d configuration directories in /etc/, /run/, | |
1280 | /usr/local/lib/, /usr/lib/, and (if configured with | |
1281 | --enable-split-usr) /lib/. In particular, the following | |
1282 | configuration files now have corresponding configuration | |
1283 | directories: system.conf user.conf, logind.conf, | |
1284 | journald.conf, sleep.conf, bootchart.conf, coredump.conf, | |
1285 | resolved.conf, timesyncd.conf, journal-remote.conf, and | |
1286 | journal-upload.conf. Note that distributions should use the | |
1287 | configuration directories in /usr/lib/; the directories in | |
1288 | /etc/ are reserved for the system administrator. | |
1289 | ||
1290 | * systemd-rfkill will no longer take the rfkill device name | |
1291 | into account when storing rfkill state on disk, as the name | |
1292 | might be dynamically assigned and not stable. Instead, the | |
1293 | ID_PATH udev variable combined with the rfkill type (wlan, | |
1294 | bluetooth, ...) is used. | |
1295 | ||
1296 | * A new service systemd-machine-id-commit.service has been | |
1297 | added. When used on systems where /etc is read-only during | |
1298 | boot, and /etc/machine-id is not initialized (but an empty | |
1299 | file), this service will copy the temporary machine ID | |
1300 | created as replacement into /etc after the system is fully | |
1301 | booted up. This is useful for systems that are freshly | |
1302 | installed with a non-initialized machine ID, but should get | |
1303 | a fixed machine ID for subsequent boots. | |
1304 | ||
1305 | * networkd's .netdev files now provide a large set of | |
1306 | configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similarly, the | |
1307 | bridge port cost parameter is now configurable in .network | |
1308 | files. There's also new support for configuring IP source | |
1309 | routing. networkd .link files gained support for a new | |
1310 | OriginalName= match that is useful to match against the | |
1311 | original interface name the kernel assigned. .network files | |
1312 | may include MTU= and MACAddress= fields for altering the MTU | |
1313 | and MAC address while being connected to a specific network | |
1314 | interface. | |
1315 | ||
1316 | * The LUKS logic gained supported for configuring | |
1317 | UUID-specific key files. There's also new support for naming | |
1318 | LUKS device from the kernel command line, using the new | |
1319 | luks.name= argument. | |
1320 | ||
1321 | * Timer units may now be transiently created via the bus API | |
1322 | (this was previously already available for scope and service | |
1323 | units). In addition it is now possible to create multiple | |
1324 | transient units at the same time with a single bus call. The | |
1325 | "systemd-run" tool has been updated to make use of this for | |
1326 | running commands on a specified time, in at(1)-style. | |
1327 | ||
1328 | * tmpfiles gained support for "t" lines, for assigning | |
1329 | extended attributes to files. Among other uses this may be | |
1330 | used to assign SMACK labels to files. | |
1331 | ||
1332 | Contributions from: Alin Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrej | |
1333 | Manduch, Bastien Nocera, Chris Atkinson, Chris Leech, Chris | |
1334 | Mayo, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, | |
1335 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dan Winship, Dave | |
1336 | Reisner, David Herrmann, Didier Roche, Felipe Sateler, Gavin | |
1337 | Li, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Ivan | |
1338 | Shapovalov, Jakub Filak, Jan Janssen, Jan Synacek, Joe | |
1339 | Lawrence, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
1340 | Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski, Mantas | |
1341 | Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Maurizio Lombardi, | |
1342 | Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michael Marineau, Michal | |
1343 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, Peter | |
1344 | Hutterer, Przemyslaw Kedzierski, Rami Rosen, Ray Strode, | |
1345 | Richard Schütz, Richard W.M. Jones, Ronny Chevalier, Ross | |
1346 | Lagerwall, Sean Young, Stanisław Pitucha, Susant Sahani, | |
1347 | Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
1348 | Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vicente Olivert | |
1349 | Riera, WaLyong Cho, Wesley Dawson, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1350 | ||
1351 | -- Berlin, 2014-12-10 | |
1352 | ||
1353 | CHANGES WITH 217: | |
1354 | ||
1355 | * journalctl gained the new options -t/--identifier= to match | |
1356 | on the syslog identifier (aka "tag"), as well as --utc to | |
1357 | show log timestamps in the UTC timezone. journalctl now also | |
1358 | accepts -n/--lines=all to disable line capping in a pager. | |
1359 | ||
1360 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --flush, that synchronously | |
1361 | flushes logs from /run/log/journal to /var/log/journal if | |
1362 | persistent storage is enabled. systemd-journal-flush.service | |
1363 | now waits until the operation is complete. | |
1364 | ||
1365 | * Services can notify the manager before they start a reload | |
1366 | (by sending RELOADING=1) or shutdown (by sending | |
1367 | STOPPING=1). This allows the manager to track and show the | |
1368 | internal state of daemons and closes a race condition when | |
1369 | the process is still running but has closed its D-Bus | |
1370 | connection. | |
1371 | ||
1372 | * Services with Type=oneshot do not have to have any ExecStart | |
1373 | commands anymore. | |
1374 | ||
1375 | * User units are now loaded also from | |
1376 | $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/. This is similar to the | |
1377 | /run/systemd/user directory that was already previously | |
1378 | supported, but is under the control of the user. | |
1379 | ||
1380 | * Job timeouts (i.e. time-outs on the time a job that is | |
1381 | queued stays in the run queue) can now optionally result in | |
1382 | immediate reboot or power-off actions (JobTimeoutAction= and | |
1383 | JobTimeoutRebootArgument=). This is useful on ".target" | |
1384 | units, to limit the maximum time a target remains | |
1385 | undispatched in the run queue, and to trigger an emergency | |
1386 | operation in such a case. This is now used by default to | |
1387 | turn off the system if boot-up (as defined by everything in | |
1388 | basic.target) hangs and does not complete for at least | |
1389 | 15min. Also, if power-off or reboot hang for at least 30min | |
1390 | an immediate power-off/reboot operation is triggered. This | |
1391 | functionality is particularly useful to increase reliability | |
1392 | on embedded devices, but also on laptops which might | |
1393 | accidentally get powered on when carried in a backpack and | |
1394 | whose boot stays stuck in a hard disk encryption passphrase | |
1395 | question. | |
1396 | ||
1397 | * systemd-logind can be configured to also handle lid switch | |
1398 | events even when the machine is docked or multiple displays | |
1399 | are attached (HandleLidSwitchDocked= option). | |
1400 | ||
1401 | * A helper binary and a service have been added which can be | |
1402 | used to resume from hibernation in the initramfs. A | |
1403 | generator will parse the resume= option on the kernel | |
1404 | command line to trigger resume. | |
1405 | ||
1406 | * A user console daemon systemd-consoled has been | |
1407 | added. Currently, it is a preview, and will so far open a | |
1408 | single terminal on each session of the user marked as | |
1409 | Desktop=systemd-console. | |
1410 | ||
1411 | * Route metrics can be specified for DHCP routes added by | |
1412 | systemd-networkd. | |
1413 | ||
1414 | * The SELinux context of socket-activated services can be set | |
1415 | from the information provided by the networking stack | |
1416 | (SELinuxContextFromNet= option). | |
1417 | ||
1418 | * Userspace firmware loading support has been removed and | |
1419 | the minimum supported kernel version is thus bumped to 3.7. | |
1420 | ||
1421 | * Timeout for udev workers has been increased from 1 to 3 | |
1422 | minutes, but a warning will be printed after 1 minute to | |
1423 | help diagnose kernel modules that take a long time to load. | |
1424 | ||
1425 | * Udev rules can now remove tags on devices with TAG-="foobar". | |
1426 | ||
1427 | * systemd's readahead implementation has been removed. In many | |
1428 | circumstances it didn't give expected benefits even for | |
1429 | rotational disk drives and was becoming less relevant in the | |
1430 | age of SSDs. As none of the developers has been using | |
1431 | rotating media anymore, and nobody stepped up to actively | |
1432 | maintain this component of systemd it has now been removed. | |
1433 | ||
1434 | * Swap units can use Options= to specify discard options. | |
1435 | Discard options specified for swaps in /etc/fstab are now | |
1436 | respected. | |
1437 | ||
1438 | * Docker containers are now detected as a separate type of | |
1439 | virtualization. | |
1440 | ||
1441 | * The Password Agent protocol gained support for queries where | |
1442 | the user input is shown, useful e.g. for user names. | |
1443 | systemd-ask-password gained a new --echo option to turn that | |
1444 | on. | |
1445 | ||
1446 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set: | |
1447 | ||
1448 | net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel | |
1449 | ||
1450 | This selects Fair Queuing Controlled Delay as the default | |
1451 | queuing discipline for network interfaces. fq_codel helps | |
1452 | fight the network bufferbloat problem. It is believed to be | |
1453 | a good default with no tuning required for most workloads. | |
1454 | Downstream distributions may override this choice. On 10Gbit | |
1455 | servers that do not do forwarding, "fq" may perform better. | |
1456 | Systems without a good clocksource should use "pfifo_fast". | |
1457 | ||
1458 | * If kdbus is enabled during build a new option BusPolicy= is | |
1459 | available for service units, that allows locking all service | |
1460 | processes into a stricter bus policy, in order to limit | |
1461 | access to various bus services, or even hide most of them | |
1462 | from the service's view entirely. | |
1463 | ||
1464 | * networkctl will now show the .network and .link file | |
1465 | networkd has applied to a specific interface. | |
1466 | ||
1467 | * sd-login gained a new API call sd_session_get_desktop() to | |
1468 | query which desktop environment has been selected for a | |
1469 | session. | |
1470 | ||
1471 | * UNIX utmp support is now compile-time optional to support | |
1472 | legacy-free systems. | |
1473 | ||
1474 | * systemctl gained two new commands "add-wants" and | |
1475 | "add-requires" for pulling in units from specific targets | |
1476 | easily. | |
1477 | ||
1478 | * If the word "rescue" is specified on the kernel command line | |
1479 | the system will now boot into rescue mode (aka | |
1480 | rescue.target), which was previously available only by | |
1481 | specifying "1" or "systemd.unit=rescue.target" on the kernel | |
1482 | command line. This new kernel command line option nicely | |
1483 | mirrors the already existing "emergency" kernel command line | |
1484 | option. | |
1485 | ||
1486 | * New kernel command line options mount.usr=, mount.usrflags=, | |
1487 | mount.usrfstype= have been added that match root=, rootflags=, | |
1488 | rootfstype= but allow mounting a specific file system to | |
1489 | /usr. | |
1490 | ||
1491 | * The $NOTIFY_SOCKET is now also passed to control processes of | |
1492 | services, not only the main process. | |
1493 | ||
1494 | * This version reenables support for fsck's -l switch. This | |
1495 | means at least version v2.25 of util-linux is required for | |
1496 | operation, otherwise dead-locks on device nodes may | |
1497 | occur. Again: you need to update util-linux to at least | |
1498 | v2.25 when updating systemd to v217. | |
1499 | ||
1500 | * The "multi-seat-x" tool has been removed from systemd, as | |
1501 | its functionality has been integrated into X servers 1.16, | |
1502 | and the tool is hence redundant. It is recommended to update | |
1503 | display managers invoking this tool to simply invoke X | |
1504 | directly from now on, again. | |
1505 | ||
1506 | * Support for the new ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION D-Bus | |
1507 | message flag has been added for all of systemd's PolicyKit | |
1508 | authenticated method calls has been added. In particular | |
1509 | this now allows optional interactive authorization via | |
1510 | PolicyKit for many of PID1's privileged operations such as | |
1511 | unit file enabling and disabling. | |
1512 | ||
1513 | * "udevadm hwdb --update" learnt a new switch "--usr" for | |
1514 | placing the rebuilt hardware database in /usr instead of | |
1515 | /etc. When used only hardware database entries stored in | |
1516 | /usr will be used, and any user database entries in /etc are | |
1517 | ignored. This functionality is useful for vendors to ship a | |
1518 | pre-built database on systems where local configuration is | |
1519 | unnecessary or unlikely. | |
1520 | ||
1521 | * Calendar time specifications in .timer units now also | |
1522 | understand the strings "semi-annually", "quarterly" and | |
1523 | "minutely" as shortcuts (in addition to the preexisting | |
1524 | "anually", "hourly", ...). | |
1525 | ||
1526 | * systemd-tmpfiles will now correctly create files in /dev | |
1527 | at boot which are marked for creation only at boot. It is | |
1528 | recommended to always create static device nodes with 'c!' | |
1529 | and 'b!', so that they are created only at boot and not | |
1530 | overwritten at runtime. | |
1531 | ||
1532 | * When the watchdog logic is used for a service (WatchdogSec=) | |
1533 | and the watchdog timeout is hit the service will now be | |
1534 | terminated with SIGABRT (instead of just SIGTERM), in order | |
1535 | to make sure a proper coredump and backtrace is | |
1536 | generated. This ensures that hanging services will result in | |
1537 | similar coredump/backtrace behaviour as services that hit a | |
1538 | segmentation fault. | |
1539 | ||
1540 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Andrei Borzenkov, | |
1541 | Angus Gibson, Ansgar Burchardt, Ben Wolsieffer, Brandon L. | |
1542 | Black, Christian Hesse, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, | |
1543 | Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David | |
1544 | Herrmann, David Sommerseth, David Strauss, Emil Renner | |
1545 | Berthing, Eric Cook, Evangelos Foutras, Filipe Brandenburger, | |
1546 | Gustavo Sverzut Barbieri, Hans de Goede, Harald Hoyer, Hristo | |
1547 | Venev, Hugo Grostabussiat, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Janssen, Jan | |
1548 | Synacek, Jonathan Liu, Juho Son, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Klaus | |
1549 | Purer, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
1550 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
1551 | Marius Tessmann, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, | |
1552 | Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer, Michal | |
1553 | Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miroslav Lichvar, Patrik Flykt, | |
1554 | Philippe De Swert, Piotr Drąg, Rahul Sundaram, Richard | |
1555 | Weinberger, Robert Milasan, Ronny Chevalier, Ruben Kerkhof, | |
1556 | Santiago Vila, Sergey Ptashnick, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd | |
1557 | Simons, Stefan Brüns, Steven Allen, Steven Noonan, Susant | |
1558 | Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
1559 | Timofey Titovets, Tobias Hunger, Tom Gundersen, Torstein | |
1560 | Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew | |
1561 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1562 | ||
1563 | -- Berlin, 2014-10-28 | |
1564 | ||
1565 | CHANGES WITH 216: | |
1566 | ||
1567 | * timedated no longer reads NTP implementation unit names from | |
1568 | /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list. Alternative NTP | |
1569 | implementations should add a | |
1570 | ||
1571 | Conflicts=systemd-timesyncd.service | |
1572 | ||
1573 | to their unit files to take over and replace systemd's NTP | |
1574 | default functionality. | |
1575 | ||
1576 | * systemd-sysusers gained a new line type "r" for configuring | |
1577 | which UID/GID ranges to allocate system users/groups | |
1578 | from. Lines of type "u" may now add an additional column | |
1579 | that specifies the home directory for the system user to be | |
1580 | created. Also, systemd-sysusers may now optionally read user | |
1581 | information from STDIN instead of a file. This is useful for | |
1582 | invoking it from RPM preinst scriptlets that need to create | |
1583 | users before the first RPM file is installed since these | |
1584 | files might need to be owned by them. A new | |
1585 | %sysusers_create_inline RPM macro has been introduced to do | |
1586 | just that. systemd-sysusers now updates the shadow files as | |
1587 | well as the user/group databases, which should enhance | |
1588 | compatibility with certain tools like grpck. | |
1589 | ||
1590 | * A number of bus APIs of PID 1 now optionally consult | |
1591 | PolicyKit to permit access for otherwise unprivileged | |
1592 | clients under certain conditions. Note that this currently | |
1593 | doesn't support interactive authentication yet, but this is | |
1594 | expected to be added eventually, too. | |
1595 | ||
1596 | * /etc/machine-info now has new fields for configuring the | |
1597 | deployment environment of the machine, as well as the | |
1598 | location of the machine. hostnamectl has been updated with | |
1599 | new command to update these fields. | |
1600 | ||
1601 | * systemd-timesyncd has been updated to automatically acquire | |
1602 | NTP server information from systemd-networkd, which might | |
1603 | have been discovered via DHCP. | |
1604 | ||
1605 | * systemd-resolved now includes a caching DNS stub resolver | |
1606 | and a complete LLMNR name resolution implementation. A new | |
1607 | NSS module "nss-resolve" has been added which can be used | |
1608 | instead of glibc's own "nss-dns" to resolve hostnames via | |
1609 | systemd-resolved. Hostnames, addresses and arbitrary RRs may | |
1610 | be resolved via systemd-resolved D-Bus APIs. In contrast to | |
1611 | the glibc internal resolver systemd-resolved is aware of | |
1612 | multi-homed system, and keeps DNS server and caches separate | |
1613 | and per-interface. Queries are sent simultaneously on all | |
1614 | interfaces that have DNS servers configured, in order to | |
1615 | properly handle VPNs and local LANs which might resolve | |
1616 | separate sets of domain names. systemd-resolved may acquire | |
1617 | DNS server information from systemd-networkd automatically, | |
1618 | which in turn might have discovered them via DHCP. A tool | |
1619 | "systemd-resolve-host" has been added that may be used to | |
1620 | query the DNS logic in resolved. systemd-resolved implements | |
1621 | IDNA and automatically uses IDNA or UTF-8 encoding depending | |
1622 | on whether classic DNS or LLMNR is used as transport. In the | |
1623 | next releases we intend to add a DNSSEC and mDNS/DNS-SD | |
1624 | implementation to systemd-resolved. | |
1625 | ||
1626 | * A new NSS module nss-mymachines has been added, that | |
1627 | automatically resolves the names of all local registered | |
1628 | containers to their respective IP addresses. | |
1629 | ||
1630 | * A new client tool "networkctl" for systemd-networkd has been | |
1631 | added. It currently is entirely passive and will query | |
1632 | networking configuration from udev, rtnetlink and networkd, | |
1633 | and present it to the user in a very friendly | |
1634 | way. Eventually, we hope to extend it to become a full | |
1635 | control utility for networkd. | |
1636 | ||
1637 | * .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that | |
1638 | controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for | |
1639 | TCP. Similarly, support for controlling TCP keep-alive | |
1640 | settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=, | |
1641 | KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for | |
1642 | turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added | |
1643 | (NoDelay=). | |
1644 | ||
1645 | * logind learned a new session type "web", for use in projects | |
1646 | like Cockpit which register web clients as PAM sessions. | |
1647 | ||
1648 | * timer units with at least one OnCalendar= setting will now | |
1649 | be started only after timer-sync.target has been | |
1650 | reached. This way they will not elapse before the system | |
1651 | clock has been corrected by a local NTP client or | |
1652 | similar. This is particular useful on RTC-less embedded | |
1653 | machines, that come up with an invalid system clock. | |
1654 | ||
1655 | * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth= switch should now result in | |
1656 | stable MAC addresses for both the outer and the inner side | |
1657 | of the link. | |
1658 | ||
1659 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --volatile= switch for running | |
1660 | container instances with /etc or /var unpopulated. | |
1661 | ||
1662 | * The kdbus client code has been updated to use the new Linux | |
1663 | 3.17 memfd subsystem instead of the old kdbus-specific one. | |
1664 | ||
1665 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client and server now support | |
1666 | FORCERENEW. There are also new configuration options to | |
1667 | configure the vendor client identifier and broadcast mode | |
1668 | for DHCP. | |
1669 | ||
1670 | * systemd will no longer inform the kernel about the current | |
1671 | timezone, as this is necessarily incorrect and racy as the | |
1672 | kernel has no understanding of DST and similar | |
1673 | concepts. This hence means FAT timestamps will be always | |
1674 | considered UTC, similar to what Android is already | |
1675 | doing. Also, when the RTC is configured to the local time | |
1676 | (rather than UTC) systemd will never synchronize back to it, | |
1677 | as this might confuse Windows at a later boot. | |
1678 | ||
1679 | * systemd-analyze gained a new command "verify" for offline | |
1680 | validation of unit files. | |
1681 | ||
1682 | * systemd-networkd gained support for a couple of additional | |
1683 | settings for bonding networking setups. Also, the metric for | |
1684 | statically configured routes may now be configured. For | |
1685 | network interfaces where this is appropriate the peer IP | |
1686 | address may now be configured. | |
1687 | ||
1688 | * systemd-networkd's DHCP client will no longer request | |
1689 | broadcasting by default, as this tripped up some networks. | |
1690 | For hardware where broadcast is required the feature should | |
1691 | be switched back on using RequestBroadcast=yes. | |
1692 | ||
1693 | * systemd-networkd will now set up IPv4LL addresses (when | |
1694 | enabled) even if DHCP is configured successfully. | |
1695 | ||
1696 | * udev will now default to respect network device names given | |
1697 | by the kernel when the kernel indicates that these are | |
1698 | predictable. This behavior can be tweaked by changing | |
1699 | NamePolicy= in the relevant .link file. | |
1700 | ||
1701 | * A new library systemd-terminal has been added that | |
1702 | implements full TTY stream parsing and rendering. This | |
1703 | library is supposed to be used later on for implementing a | |
1704 | full userspace VT subsystem, replacing the current kernel | |
1705 | implementation. | |
1706 | ||
1707 | * A new tool systemd-journal-upload has been added to push | |
1708 | journal data to a remote system running | |
1709 | systemd-journal-remote. | |
1710 | ||
1711 | * journald will no longer forward all local data to another | |
1712 | running syslog daemon. This change has been made because | |
1713 | rsyslog (which appears to be the most commonly used syslog | |
1714 | implementation these days) no longer makes use of this, and | |
1715 | instead pulls the data out of the journal on its own. Since | |
1716 | forwarding the messages to a non-existent syslog server is | |
1717 | more expensive than we assumed we have now turned this | |
1718 | off. If you run a syslog server that is not a recent rsyslog | |
1719 | version, you have to turn this option on again | |
1720 | (ForwardToSyslog= in journald.conf). | |
1721 | ||
1722 | * journald now optionally supports the LZ4 compressor for | |
1723 | larger journal fields. This compressor should perform much | |
1724 | better than XZ which was the previous default. | |
1725 | ||
1726 | * machinectl now shows the IP addresses of local containers, | |
1727 | if it knows them, plus the interface name of the container. | |
1728 | ||
1729 | * A new tool "systemd-escape" has been added that makes it | |
1730 | easy to escape strings to build unit names and similar. | |
1731 | ||
1732 | * sd_notify() messages may now include a new ERRNO= field | |
1733 | which is parsed and collected by systemd and shown among the | |
1734 | "systemctl status" output for a service. | |
1735 | ||
1736 | * A new component "systemd-firstboot" has been added that | |
1737 | queries the most basic systemd information (timezone, | |
1738 | hostname, root password) interactively on first | |
1739 | boot. Alternatively it may also be used to provision these | |
1740 | things offline on OS images installed into directories. | |
1741 | ||
1742 | * The default sysctl.d/ snippets will now set | |
1743 | ||
1744 | net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries=1 | |
1745 | ||
1746 | This has the benefit of no flushing secondary IP addresses | |
1747 | when primary addresses are removed. | |
1748 | ||
1749 | Contributions from: Ansgar Burchardt, Bastien Nocera, Colin | |
1750 | Walters, Dan Dedrick, Daniel Buch, Daniel Korostil, Daniel | |
1751 | Mack, Dan Williams, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Denis | |
1752 | Kenzior, Eelco Dolstra, Eric Cook, Hannes Reinecke, Harald | |
1753 | Hoyer, Hong Shick Pak, Hui Wang, Jean-André Santoni, Jóhann | |
1754 | B. Guðmundsson, Jon Severinsson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kevin | |
1755 | Wells, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
1756 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
1757 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, | |
1758 | Miguel Angel Ajo, Mike Gilbert, Olivier Brunel, Robert | |
1759 | Schiele, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Sjoerd Simons, Stef | |
1760 | Walter, Steven Noonan, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas | |
1761 | Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Timofey Titovets, | |
1762 | Tobias Geerinckx-Rice, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, Umut | |
1763 | Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1764 | ||
1765 | -- Berlin, 2014-08-19 | |
1766 | ||
1767 | CHANGES WITH 215: | |
1768 | ||
1769 | * A new tool systemd-sysusers has been added. This tool | |
1770 | creates system users and groups in /etc/passwd and | |
1771 | /etc/group, based on static declarative system user/group | |
1772 | definitions in /usr/lib/sysusers.d/. This is useful to | |
1773 | enable factory resets and volatile systems that boot up with | |
1774 | an empty /etc directory, and thus need system users and | |
1775 | groups created during early boot. systemd now also ships | |
1776 | with two default sysusers.d/ files for the most basic | |
1777 | users and groups systemd and the core operating system | |
1778 | require. | |
1779 | ||
1780 | * A new tmpfiles snippet has been added that rebuilds the | |
1781 | essential files in /etc on boot, should they be missing. | |
1782 | ||
1783 | * A directive for ensuring automatic clean-up of | |
1784 | /var/cache/man/ has been removed from the default | |
1785 | configuration. This line should now be shipped by the man | |
1786 | implementation. The necessary change has been made to the | |
1787 | man-db implementation. Note that you need to update your man | |
1788 | implementation to one that ships this line, otherwise no | |
1789 | automatic clean-up of /var/cache/man will take place. | |
1790 | ||
1791 | * A new condition ConditionNeedsUpdate= has been added that | |
1792 | may conditionalize services to only run when /etc or /var | |
1793 | are "older" than the vendor operating system resources in | |
1794 | /usr. This is useful for reconstructing or updating /etc | |
1795 | after an offline update of /usr or a factory reset, on the | |
1796 | next reboot. Services that want to run once after such an | |
1797 | update or reset should use this condition and order | |
1798 | themselves before the new systemd-update-done.service, which | |
1799 | will mark the two directories as fully updated. A number of | |
1800 | service files have been added making use of this, to rebuild | |
1801 | the udev hardware database, the journald message catalog and | |
1802 | dynamic loader cache (ldconfig). The systemd-sysusers tool | |
1803 | described above also makes use of this now. With this in | |
1804 | place it is now possible to start up a minimal operating | |
1805 | system with /etc empty cleanly. For more information on the | |
1806 | concepts involved see this recent blog story: | |
1807 | ||
1808 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/stateless.html | |
1809 | ||
1810 | * A new system group "input" has been introduced, and all | |
1811 | input device nodes get this group assigned. This is useful | |
1812 | for system-level software to get access to input devices. It | |
1813 | complements what is already done for "audio" and "video". | |
1814 | ||
1815 | * systemd-networkd learnt minimal DHCPv4 server support in | |
1816 | addition to the existing DHCPv4 client support. It also | |
1817 | learnt DHCPv6 client and IPv6 Router Solicitation client | |
1818 | support. The DHCPv4 client gained support for static routes | |
1819 | passed in from the server. Note that the [DHCPv4] section | |
1820 | known in older systemd-networkd versions has been renamed to | |
1821 | [DHCP] and is now also used by the DHCPv6 client. Existing | |
1822 | .network files using settings of this section should be | |
1823 | updated, though compatibility is maintained. Optionally, the | |
1824 | client hostname may now be sent to the DHCP server. | |
1825 | ||
1826 | * networkd gained support for vxlan virtual networks as well | |
1827 | as tun/tap and dummy devices. | |
1828 | ||
1829 | * networkd gained support for automatic allocation of address | |
1830 | ranges for interfaces from a system-wide pool of | |
1831 | addresses. This is useful for dynamically managing a large | |
1832 | number of interfaces with a single network configuration | |
1833 | file. In particular this is useful to easily assign | |
1834 | appropriate IP addresses to the veth links of a large number | |
1835 | of nspawn instances. | |
1836 | ||
1837 | * RPM macros for processing sysusers, sysctl and binfmt | |
1838 | drop-in snippets at package installation time have been | |
1839 | added. | |
1840 | ||
1841 | * The /etc/os-release file should now be placed in | |
1842 | /usr/lib/os-release. The old location is automatically | |
1843 | created as symlink. /usr/lib is the more appropriate | |
1844 | location of this file, since it shall actually describe the | |
1845 | vendor operating system shipped in /usr, and not the | |
1846 | configuration stored in /etc. | |
1847 | ||
1848 | * .mount units gained a new boolean SloppyOptions= setting | |
1849 | that maps to mount(8)'s -s option which enables permissive | |
1850 | parsing of unknown mount options. | |
1851 | ||
1852 | * tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink | |
1853 | but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should | |
1854 | it already exist and not already be the correct | |
1855 | symlink. Similarly, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been | |
1856 | added as well, which create block and character devices, as | |
1857 | well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any | |
1858 | pre-existing files of different types. | |
1859 | ||
1860 | * For tmpfiles' "L", "L+", "C" and "C+" directives the final | |
1861 | 'argument' field (which so far specified the source to | |
1862 | symlink/copy the files from) is now optional. If omitted the | |
1863 | same file os copied from /usr/share/factory/ suffixed by the | |
1864 | full destination path. This is useful for populating /etc | |
1865 | with essential files, by copying them from vendor defaults | |
1866 | shipped in /usr/share/factory/etc. | |
1867 | ||
1868 | * A new command "systemctl preset-all" has been added that | |
1869 | applies the service preset settings to all installed unit | |
1870 | files. A new switch --preset-mode= has been added that | |
1871 | controls whether only enable or only disable operations | |
1872 | shall be executed. | |
1873 | ||
1874 | * A new command "systemctl is-system-running" has been added | |
1875 | that allows checking the overall state of the system, for | |
1876 | example whether it is fully up and running. | |
1877 | ||
1878 | * When the system boots up with an empty /etc, the equivalent | |
1879 | to "systemctl preset-all" is executed during early boot, to | |
1880 | make sure all default services are enabled after a factory | |
1881 | reset. | |
1882 | ||
1883 | * systemd now contains a minimal preset file that enables the | |
1884 | most basic services systemd ships by default. | |
1885 | ||
1886 | * Unit files' [Install] section gained a new DefaultInstance= | |
1887 | field for defining the default instance to create if a | |
1888 | template unit is enabled with no instance specified. | |
1889 | ||
1890 | * A new passive target cryptsetup-pre.target has been added | |
1891 | that may be used by services that need to make they run and | |
1892 | finish before the first LUKS cryptographic device is set up. | |
1893 | ||
1894 | * The /dev/loop-control and /dev/btrfs-control device nodes | |
1895 | are now owned by the "disk" group by default, opening up | |
1896 | access to this group. | |
1897 | ||
1898 | * systemd-coredump will now automatically generate a | |
1899 | stack trace of all core dumps taking place on the system, | |
1900 | based on elfutils' libdw library. This stack trace is logged | |
1901 | to the journal. | |
1902 | ||
1903 | * systemd-coredump may now optionally store coredumps directly | |
1904 | on disk (in /var/lib/systemd/coredump, possibly compressed), | |
1905 | instead of storing them unconditionally in the journal. This | |
1906 | mode is the new default. A new configuration file | |
1907 | /etc/systemd/coredump.conf has been added to configure this | |
1908 | and other parameters of systemd-coredump. | |
1909 | ||
1910 | * coredumpctl gained a new "info" verb to show details about a | |
1911 | specific coredump. A new switch "-1" has also been added | |
1912 | that makes sure to only show information about the most | |
1913 | recent entry instead of all entries. Also, as the tool is | |
1914 | generally useful now the "systemd-" prefix of the binary | |
1915 | name has been removed. Distributions that want to maintain | |
1916 | compatibility with the old name should add a symlink from | |
1917 | the old name to the new name. | |
1918 | ||
1919 | * journald's SplitMode= now defaults to "uid". This makes sure | |
1920 | that unprivileged users can access their own coredumps with | |
1921 | coredumpctl without restrictions. | |
1922 | ||
1923 | * New kernel command line options "systemd.wants=" (for | |
1924 | pulling an additional unit during boot), "systemd.mask=" | |
1925 | (for masking a specific unit for the boot), and | |
1926 | "systemd.debug-shell" (for enabling the debug shell on tty9) | |
1927 | have been added. This is implemented in the new generator | |
1928 | "systemd-debug-generator". | |
1929 | ||
1930 | * systemd-nspawn will now by default filter a couple of | |
1931 | syscalls for containers, among them those required for | |
1932 | kernel module loading, direct x86 IO port access, swap | |
1933 | management, and kexec. Most importantly though | |
1934 | open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers, | |
1935 | closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability | |
1936 | in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the | |
1937 | container should normally not have access to. Note that, for | |
1938 | nspawn, we generally make no security claims anyway (and | |
1939 | this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is | |
1940 | just a fix for one of the most obvious problems. | |
1941 | ||
1942 | * A new man page file-hierarchy(7) has been added that | |
1943 | contains a minimized, modernized version of the file system | |
1944 | layout systemd expects, similar in style to the FHS | |
1945 | specification or hier(5). A new tool systemd-path(1) has | |
1946 | been added to query many of these paths for the local | |
1947 | machine and user. | |
1948 | ||
1949 | * Automatic time-based clean-up of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is no | |
1950 | longer done. Since the directory now has a per-user size | |
1951 | limit, and is cleaned on logout this appears unnecessary, | |
1952 | in particular since this now brings the lifecycle of this | |
1953 | directory closer in line with how IPC objects are handled. | |
1954 | ||
1955 | * systemd.pc now exports a number of additional directories, | |
1956 | including $libdir (which is useful to identify the library | |
1957 | path for the primary architecture of the system), and a | |
1958 | couple of drop-in directories. | |
1959 | ||
1960 | * udev's predictable network interface names now use the dev_port | |
1961 | sysfs attribute, introduced in linux 3.15 instead of dev_id to | |
1962 | distinguish between ports of the same PCI function. dev_id should | |
1963 | only be used for ports using the same HW address, hence the need | |
1964 | for dev_port. | |
1965 | ||
1966 | * machined has been updated to export the OS version of a | |
1967 | container (read from /etc/os-release and | |
1968 | /usr/lib/os-release) on the bus. This is now shown in | |
1969 | "machinectl status" for a machine. | |
1970 | ||
1971 | * A new service setting RestartForceExitStatus= has been | |
1972 | added. If configured to a set of exit signals or process | |
1973 | return values, the service will be restarted when the main | |
1974 | daemon process exits with any of them, regardless of the | |
1975 | Restart= setting. | |
1976 | ||
1977 | * systemctl's -H switch for connecting to remote systemd | |
1978 | machines has been extended so that it may be used to | |
1979 | directly connect to a specific container on the | |
1980 | host. "systemctl -H root@foobar:waldi" will now connect as | |
1981 | user "root" to host "foobar", and then proceed directly to | |
1982 | the container named "waldi". Note that currently you have to | |
1983 | authenticate as user "root" for this to work, as entering | |
1984 | containers is a privileged operation. | |
1985 | ||
1986 | Contributions from: Andreas Henriksson, Benjamin Steinwender, | |
1987 | Carl Schaefer, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian King, Cristian | |
1988 | Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Eugene | |
1989 | Yakubovich, Filipe Brandenburger, Frederic Crozat, Hristo | |
1990 | Venev, Jan Engelhardt, Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
1991 | Poettering, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine | |
1992 | Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, | |
1993 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Michal Sekletar, Patrik Flykt, Ronan Le | |
1994 | Martret, Ronny Chevalier, Ruediger Oertel, Steven Noonan, | |
1995 | Susant Sahani, Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo, Thomas Hindoe | |
1996 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Hirst, Umut Tezduyar | |
1997 | Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
1998 | ||
1999 | -- Berlin, 2014-07-03 | |
2000 | ||
2001 | CHANGES WITH 214: | |
2002 | ||
2003 | * As an experimental feature, udev now tries to lock the | |
2004 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)) while it | |
2005 | executes events for the disk or any of its partitions. | |
2006 | Applications like partitioning programs can lock the | |
2007 | disk device node (flock(LOCK_EX)) and claim temporary | |
2008 | device ownership that way; udev will entirely skip all event | |
2009 | handling for this disk and its partitions. If the disk | |
2010 | was opened for writing, the close will trigger a partition | |
2011 | table rescan in udev's "watch" facility, and if needed | |
2012 | synthesize "change" events for the disk and all its partitions. | |
2013 | This is now unconditionally enabled, and if it turns out to | |
2014 | cause major problems, we might turn it on only for specific | |
2015 | devices, or might need to disable it entirely. Device Mapper | |
2016 | devices are excluded from this logic. | |
2017 | ||
2018 | * We temporarily dropped the "-l" switch for fsck invocations, | |
2019 | since they collide with the flock() logic above. util-linux | |
2020 | upstream has been changed already to avoid this conflict, | |
2021 | and we will readd "-l" as soon as util-linux with this | |
2022 | change has been released. | |
2023 | ||
2024 | * The dependency on libattr has been removed. Since a long | |
2025 | time, the extended attribute calls have moved to glibc, and | |
2026 | libattr is thus unnecessary. | |
2027 | ||
2028 | * Virtualization detection works without priviliges now. This | |
2029 | means the systemd-detect-virt binary no longer requires | |
2030 | CAP_SYS_PTRACE file capabilities, and our daemons can run | |
2031 | with fewer privileges. | |
2032 | ||
2033 | * systemd-networkd now runs under its own "systemd-network" | |
2034 | user. It retains the CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, | |
2035 | CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but | |
2036 | loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way. | |
2037 | ||
2038 | * Similarly, systemd-resolved now runs under its own | |
2039 | "systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining. | |
2040 | ||
2041 | * Similarly, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own | |
2042 | "systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining. | |
2043 | ||
2044 | * systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth" | |
2045 | virtual Ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well | |
2046 | as GRE and VTI tunnels. | |
2047 | ||
2048 | * systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to | |
2049 | manually load kernel modules necessary for certain tunnel | |
2050 | transports. Instead, it is assumed the kernel loads them | |
2051 | automatically when required. This only works correctly on | |
2052 | very new kernels. On older kernels, please consider adding | |
2053 | the kernel modules to /etc/modules-load.d/ as a work-around. | |
2054 | ||
2055 | * The resolv.conf file systemd-resolved generates has been | |
2056 | moved to /run/systemd/resolve/. If you have a symlink from | |
2057 | /etc/resolv.conf, it might be necessary to correct it. | |
2058 | ||
2059 | * Two new service settings, ProtectHome= and ProtectSystem=, | |
2060 | have been added. When enabled, they will make the user data | |
2061 | (such as /home) inaccessible or read-only and the system | |
2062 | (such as /usr) read-only, for specific services. This allows | |
2063 | very light-weight per-service sandboxing to avoid | |
2064 | modifications of user data or system files from | |
2065 | services. These two new switches have been enabled for all | |
2066 | of systemd's long-running services, where appropriate. | |
2067 | ||
2068 | * Socket units gained new SocketUser= and SocketGroup= | |
2069 | settings to set the owner user and group of AF_UNIX sockets | |
2070 | and FIFOs in the file system. | |
2071 | ||
2072 | * Socket units gained a new RemoveOnStop= setting. If enabled, | |
2073 | all FIFOS and sockets in the file system will be removed | |
2074 | when the specific socket unit is stopped. | |
2075 | ||
2076 | * Socket units gained a new Symlinks= setting. It takes a list | |
2077 | of symlinks to create to file system sockets or FIFOs | |
2078 | created by the specific Unix sockets. This is useful to | |
2079 | manage symlinks to socket nodes with the same life-cycle as | |
2080 | the socket itself. | |
2081 | ||
2082 | * The /dev/log socket and /dev/initctl FIFO have been moved to | |
2083 | /run, and have been replaced by symlinks. This allows | |
2084 | connecting to these facilities even if PrivateDevices=yes is | |
2085 | used for a service (which makes /dev/log itself unavailable, | |
2086 | but /run is left). This also has the benefit of ensuring | |
2087 | that /dev only contains device nodes, directories and | |
2088 | symlinks, and nothing else. | |
2089 | ||
2090 | * sd-daemon gained two new calls sd_pid_notify() and | |
2091 | sd_pid_notifyf(). They are similar to sd_notify() and | |
2092 | sd_notifyf(), but allow overriding of the source PID of | |
2093 | notification messages if permissions permit this. This is | |
2094 | useful to send notify messages on behalf of a different | |
2095 | process (for example, the parent process). The | |
2096 | systemd-notify tool has been updated to make use of this | |
2097 | when sending messages (so that notification messages now | |
2098 | originate from the shell script invoking systemd-notify and | |
2099 | not the systemd-notify process itself. This should minimize | |
2100 | a race where systemd fails to associate notification | |
2101 | messages to services when the originating process already | |
2102 | vanished. | |
2103 | ||
2104 | * A new "on-abnormal" setting for Restart= has been added. If | |
2105 | set, it will result in automatic restarts on all "abnormal" | |
2106 | reasons for a process to exit, which includes unclean | |
2107 | signals, core dumps, timeouts and watchdog timeouts, but | |
2108 | does not include clean and unclean exit codes or clean | |
2109 | signals. Restart=on-abnormal is an alternative for | |
2110 | Restart=on-failure for services that shall be able to | |
2111 | terminate and avoid restarts on certain errors, by | |
2112 | indicating so with an unclean exit code. Restart=on-failure | |
2113 | or Restart=on-abnormal is now the recommended setting for | |
2114 | all long-running services. | |
2115 | ||
2116 | * If the InaccessibleDirectories= service setting points to a | |
2117 | mount point (or if there are any submounts contained within | |
2118 | it), it is now attempted to completely unmount it, to make | |
2119 | the file systems truly unavailable for the respective | |
2120 | service. | |
2121 | ||
2122 | * The ReadOnlyDirectories= service setting and | |
2123 | systemd-nspawn's --read-only parameter are now recursively | |
2124 | applied to all submounts, too. | |
2125 | ||
2126 | * Mount units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs. | |
2127 | ||
2128 | * The support for SysV and LSB init scripts has been removed | |
2129 | from the systemd daemon itself. Instead, it is now | |
2130 | implemented as a generator that creates native systemd units | |
2131 | from these scripts when needed. This enables us to remove a | |
2132 | substantial amount of legacy code from PID 1, following the | |
2133 | fact that many distributions only ship a very small number | |
2134 | of LSB/SysV init scripts nowadays. | |
2135 | ||
2136 | * Privileged Xen (dom0) domains are not considered | |
2137 | virtualization anymore by the virtualization detection | |
2138 | logic. After all, they generally have unrestricted access to | |
2139 | the hardware and usually are used to manage the unprivileged | |
2140 | (domU) domains. | |
2141 | ||
2142 | * systemd-tmpfiles gained a new "C" line type, for copying | |
2143 | files or entire directories. | |
2144 | ||
2145 | * systemd-tmpfiles "m" lines are now fully equivalent to "z" | |
2146 | lines. So far, they have been non-globbing versions of the | |
2147 | latter, and have thus been redundant. In future, it is | |
2148 | recommended to only use "z". "m" has hence been removed | |
2149 | from the documentation, even though it stays supported. | |
2150 | ||
2151 | * A tmpfiles snippet to recreate the most basic structure in | |
2152 | /var has been added. This is enough to create the /var/run → | |
2153 | /run symlink and create a couple of structural | |
2154 | directories. This allows systems to boot up with an empty or | |
2155 | volatile /var. Of course, while with this change, the core OS | |
2156 | now is capable with dealing with a volatile /var, not all | |
2157 | user services are ready for it. However, we hope that sooner | |
2158 | or later, many service daemons will be changed upstream so | |
2159 | that they are able to automatically create their necessary | |
2160 | directories in /var at boot, should they be missing. This is | |
2161 | the first step to allow state-less systems that only require | |
2162 | the vendor image for /usr to boot. | |
2163 | ||
2164 | * systemd-nspawn has gained a new --tmpfs= switch to mount an | |
2165 | empty tmpfs instance to a specific directory. This is | |
2166 | particularly useful for making use of the automatic | |
2167 | reconstruction of /var (see above), by passing --tmpfs=/var. | |
2168 | ||
2169 | * Access modes specified in tmpfiles snippets may now be | |
2170 | prefixed with "~", which indicates that they shall be masked | |
2171 | by whether the existing file or directory is currently | |
2172 | writable, readable or executable at all. Also, if specified, | |
2173 | the sgid/suid/sticky bits will be masked for all | |
2174 | non-directories. | |
2175 | ||
2176 | * A new passive target unit "network-pre.target" has been | |
2177 | added which is useful for services that shall run before any | |
2178 | network is configured, for example firewall scripts. | |
2179 | ||
2180 | * The "floppy" group that previously owned the /dev/fd* | |
2181 | devices is no longer used. The "disk" group is now used | |
2182 | instead. Distributions should probably deprecate usage of | |
2183 | this group. | |
2184 | ||
2185 | Contributions from: Camilo Aguilar, Christian Hesse, Colin Ian | |
2186 | King, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, David | |
2187 | Strauss, Denis Tikhomirov, John, Jonathan Liu, Kay Sievers, | |
2188 | Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mark Eichin, Ronny | |
2189 | Chevalier, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
2190 | Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Zbigniew | |
2191 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2192 | ||
2193 | -- Berlin, 2014-06-11 | |
2194 | ||
2195 | CHANGES WITH 213: | |
2196 | ||
2197 | * A new "systemd-timesyncd" daemon has been added for | |
2198 | synchronizing the system clock across the network. It | |
2199 | implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP | |
2200 | implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server, | |
2201 | this only implements a client side, and does not bother with | |
2202 | the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from | |
2203 | one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to | |
2204 | it. Unless you intend to serve NTP to networked clients or | |
2205 | want to connect to local hardware clocks, this simple NTP | |
2206 | client should be more than appropriate for most | |
2207 | installations. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and | |
2208 | has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when | |
2209 | network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the | |
2210 | current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been | |
2211 | acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock | |
2212 | early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that | |
2213 | lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, | |
2214 | and to make sure that time monotonically progresses on these | |
2215 | systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of | |
2216 | this daemon, a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" | |
2217 | needs to be created on installation of systemd. | |
2218 | ||
2219 | * The queue "seqnum" interface of libudev has been disabled, as | |
2220 | it was generally incompatible with device namespacing as | |
2221 | sequence numbers of devices go "missing" if the devices are | |
2222 | part of a different namespace. | |
2223 | ||
2224 | * "systemctl list-timers" and "systemctl list-sockets" gained | |
2225 | a --recursive switch for showing units of these types also | |
2226 | for all local containers, similar in style to the already | |
2227 | supported --recursive switch for "systemctl list-units". | |
2228 | ||
2229 | * A new RebootArgument= setting has been added for service | |
2230 | units, which may be used to specify a kernel reboot argument | |
2231 | to use when triggering reboots with StartLimitAction=. | |
2232 | ||
2233 | * A new FailureAction= setting has been added for service | |
2234 | units which may be used to specify an operation to trigger | |
2235 | when a service fails. This works similarly to | |
2236 | StartLimitAction=, but unlike it, controls what is done | |
2237 | immediately rather than only after several attempts to | |
2238 | restart the service in question. | |
2239 | ||
2240 | * hostnamed got updated to also expose the kernel name, | |
2241 | release, and version on the bus. This is useful for | |
2242 | executing commands like hostnamectl with the -H switch. | |
2243 | systemd-analyze makes use of this to properly display | |
2244 | details when running non-locally. | |
2245 | ||
2246 | * The bootchart tool can now show cgroup information in the | |
2247 | graphs it generates. | |
2248 | ||
2249 | * The CFS CPU quota cgroup attribute is now exposed for | |
2250 | services. The new CPUQuota= switch has been added for this | |
2251 | which takes a percentage value. Setting this will have the | |
2252 | result that a service may never get more CPU time than the | |
2253 | specified percentage, even if the machine is otherwise idle. | |
2254 | ||
2255 | * systemd-networkd learned IPIP and SIT tunnel support. | |
2256 | ||
2257 | * LSB init scripts exposing a dependency on $network will now | |
2258 | get a dependency on network-online.target rather than simply | |
2259 | network.target. This should bring LSB handling closer to | |
2260 | what it was on SysV systems. | |
2261 | ||
2262 | * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control | |
2263 | how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot. | |
2264 | ||
2265 | * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently | |
2266 | ignore sections whose name begins with "X-". This may be | |
2267 | used to maintain application-specific extension sections in unit | |
2268 | files. | |
2269 | ||
2270 | * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of | |
2271 | registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated | |
2272 | to show these addresses in its output. | |
2273 | ||
2274 | * A new call sd_uid_get_display() has been added to the | |
2275 | sd-login APIs for querying the "primary" session of a | |
2276 | user. The "primary" session of the user is elected from the | |
2277 | user's sessions and generally a graphical session is | |
2278 | preferred over a text one. | |
2279 | ||
2280 | * A minimal systemd-resolved daemon has been added. It | |
2281 | currently simply acts as a companion to systemd-networkd and | |
2282 | manages resolv.conf based on per-interface DNS | |
2283 | configuration, possibly supplied via DHCP. In the long run | |
2284 | we hope to extend this into a local DNSSEC enabled DNS and | |
2285 | mDNS cache. | |
2286 | ||
2287 | * The systemd-networkd-wait-online tool is now enabled by | |
2288 | default. It will delay network-online.target until a network | |
2289 | connection has been configured. The tool primarily integrates | |
2290 | with networkd, but will also make a best effort to make sense | |
2291 | of network configuration performed in some other way. | |
2292 | ||
2293 | * Two new service options StartupCPUShares= and | |
2294 | StartupBlockIOWeight= have been added that work similarly to | |
2295 | CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= however only apply during | |
2296 | system startup. This is useful to prioritize certain services | |
2297 | differently during bootup than during normal runtime. | |
2298 | ||
2299 | * hostnamed has been changed to prefer the statically | |
2300 | configured hostname in /etc/hostname (unless set to | |
2301 | 'localhost' or empty) over any dynamic one supplied by | |
2302 | dhcp. With this change, the rules for picking the hostname | |
2303 | match more closely the rules of other configuration settings | |
2304 | where the local administrator's configuration in /etc always | |
2305 | overrides any other settings. | |
2306 | ||
2307 | Contributions fron: Ali H. Caliskan, Alison Chaiken, Bas van | |
2308 | den Berg, Brandon Philips, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, | |
2309 | Dan Kilman, Dave Reisner, David Härdeman, David Herrmann, | |
2310 | David Strauss, Dimitris Spingos, Djalal Harouni, Eelco | |
2311 | Dolstra, Evan Nemerson, Florian Albrechtskirchinger, Greg | |
2312 | Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan | |
2313 | Engelhardt, Jani Nikula, Jason St. John, Jeffrey Clark, | |
2314 | Jonathan Boulle, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas | |
2315 | Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
2316 | Marcel Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
2317 | Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Nis | |
2318 | Martensen, Patrik Flykt, Philip Lorenz, poma, Ray Strode, | |
2319 | Reyad Attiyat, Robert Milasan, Scott Thrasher, Stef Walter, | |
2320 | Steven Siloti, Susant Sahani, Tanu Kaskinen, Thomas Bächler, | |
2321 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar | |
2322 | Lindskog, WaLyong Cho, Will Woods, Zbigniew | |
2323 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2324 | ||
2325 | -- Beijing, 2014-05-28 | |
2326 | ||
2327 | CHANGES WITH 212: | |
2328 | ||
2329 | * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from | |
2330 | the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available | |
2331 | range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This | |
2332 | should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a | |
2333 | black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum | |
2334 | by accident. | |
2335 | ||
2336 | * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to | |
2337 | determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine | |
2338 | registered with machined. | |
2339 | ||
2340 | * sd-login gained new calls | |
2341 | sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), | |
2342 | to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX | |
2343 | connection. They operate similarly to their sd_pid_get_xyz() | |
2344 | counterparts. | |
2345 | ||
2346 | * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine | |
2347 | with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", | |
2348 | "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system | |
2349 | startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed | |
2350 | service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This | |
2351 | state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit | |
2352 | name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in | |
2353 | particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at | |
2354 | once. | |
2355 | ||
2356 | * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" | |
2357 | that lists all local OS containers and shows their system | |
2358 | state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. | |
2359 | ||
2360 | * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate | |
2361 | units on all local containers, when used with the | |
2362 | "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is | |
2363 | executed when no parameters are specified). | |
2364 | ||
2365 | * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour | |
2366 | two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to | |
2367 | cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set | |
2368 | on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. | |
2369 | ||
2370 | * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root | |
2371 | partition discovery, for 32-bit and 64-bit ARM. This is not | |
2372 | particularly useful for discovering the root directory on | |
2373 | these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is | |
2374 | not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of | |
2375 | ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. | |
2376 | ||
2377 | * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's | |
2378 | --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the | |
2379 | machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations | |
2380 | of the container. | |
2381 | ||
2382 | * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned | |
2383 | by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that | |
2384 | users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC | |
2385 | resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message | |
2386 | queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message | |
2387 | queues. Traditionally, SysV and POSIX IPC had no life-cycle | |
2388 | limits. With this functionality, that is corrected. This may | |
2389 | be turned off by using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. | |
2390 | ||
2391 | * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a | |
2392 | --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, | |
2393 | instead of /. | |
2394 | ||
2395 | * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all | |
2396 | logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all | |
2397 | emergency messages now. | |
2398 | ||
2399 | * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream | |
2400 | journal log messages across the network. | |
2401 | ||
2402 | * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup | |
2403 | controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the | |
2404 | directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a | |
2405 | security measure and is particularly useful because glibc | |
2406 | actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can | |
2407 | find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available | |
2408 | (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). | |
2409 | ||
2410 | * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power | |
2411 | down a local OS container. | |
2412 | ||
2413 | * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the | |
2414 | CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and | |
2415 | imply DevicePolicy=closed. | |
2416 | ||
2417 | * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used | |
2418 | comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where | |
2419 | this is appropriate. | |
2420 | ||
2421 | * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount | |
2422 | namespace. To mount directories from udev rules, make sure to | |
2423 | pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. | |
2424 | ||
2425 | * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into | |
2426 | the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" | |
2427 | connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication | |
2428 | for debugging purposes. | |
2429 | ||
2430 | * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX | |
2431 | epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value | |
2432 | in seconds. | |
2433 | ||
2434 | * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap | |
2435 | is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious | |
2436 | shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls | |
2437 | exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please | |
2438 | consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, | |
2439 | like on traditional inetd. | |
2440 | ||
2441 | * A new system.conf configuration option | |
2442 | DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the | |
2443 | default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. | |
2444 | ||
2445 | * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled, | |
2446 | timers configured this way will cause the system to resume | |
2447 | from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most | |
2448 | do these days). | |
2449 | ||
2450 | * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled, | |
2451 | timers configured this way will save to disk when they have | |
2452 | been last triggered. This information is then used on next | |
2453 | reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that | |
2454 | could not take place because the system was powered off. | |
2455 | This enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. | |
2456 | ||
2457 | * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a | |
2458 | timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time | |
2459 | it will be triggered. | |
2460 | ||
2461 | * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL | |
2462 | addresses to its local interfaces. | |
2463 | ||
2464 | Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, | |
2465 | Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg | |
2466 | Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh | |
2467 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine | |
2468 | Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, | |
2469 | Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, | |
2470 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, | |
2471 | Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew | |
2472 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2473 | ||
2474 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-25 | |
2475 | ||
2476 | CHANGES WITH 211: | |
2477 | ||
2478 | * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been | |
2479 | added to restrict which socket address families unit | |
2480 | processes gain access to. This takes address family names | |
2481 | like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the | |
2482 | attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This | |
2483 | is built on seccomp system call filters. | |
2484 | ||
2485 | * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and | |
2486 | RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to | |
2487 | manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is | |
2488 | an alternative for setting up directory permissions with | |
2489 | tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime | |
2490 | directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that | |
2491 | the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This | |
2492 | is particularly useful when writing services that drop | |
2493 | privileges using the User= or Group= setting. | |
2494 | ||
2495 | * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for | |
2496 | matching against device group names. | |
2497 | ||
2498 | * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new | |
2499 | settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, | |
2500 | DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting | |
2501 | for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These | |
2502 | settings may still be overridden individually in each unit | |
2503 | though. | |
2504 | ||
2505 | * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and | |
2506 | root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It | |
2507 | also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in | |
2508 | place, automatic discovery of partitions to mount following | |
2509 | the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
2510 | (http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) | |
2511 | is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without | |
2512 | /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on | |
2513 | systems prepared appropriately. | |
2514 | ||
2515 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows | |
2516 | booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block | |
2517 | device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification | |
2518 | (see above). This means that installations made with | |
2519 | appropriately updated installers may now be started and | |
2520 | deployed using container managers, completely | |
2521 | unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for | |
2522 | this feature soon, too.) | |
2523 | ||
2524 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to | |
2525 | set up a private macvlan interface for the | |
2526 | container. Similarly, systemd-networkd gained a new | |
2527 | Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. | |
2528 | ||
2529 | * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses | |
2530 | using IPv4LL. | |
2531 | ||
2532 | * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to | |
2533 | synchronously wait for network connectivity using | |
2534 | systemd-networkd. | |
2535 | ||
2536 | * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for | |
2537 | tracking the life-cycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is | |
2538 | still not a public API though (unless you specify | |
2539 | --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however | |
2540 | voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). | |
2541 | ||
2542 | * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are | |
2543 | now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of | |
2544 | introducing separate pools for each user, with individual | |
2545 | size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients | |
2546 | can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by | |
2547 | filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting | |
2548 | RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows | |
2549 | controlling the default size limit for all users. It | |
2550 | defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no | |
2551 | replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel | |
2552 | still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still | |
2553 | shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged | |
2554 | users. | |
2555 | ||
2556 | * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending | |
2557 | on laptop lid close when more than one display is | |
2558 | connected. This was previously expected to be implemented | |
2559 | individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), | |
2560 | however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a | |
2561 | boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have | |
2562 | been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor | |
2563 | lock at the time where logind already suspends the system | |
2564 | due to a closed lid. | |
2565 | ||
2566 | * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system | |
2567 | suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before | |
2568 | suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This | |
2569 | should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to | |
2570 | be probed and configured after system resume and boot in | |
2571 | order to then act as suspend blocker. | |
2572 | ||
2573 | * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows | |
2574 | initialization of resource control properties (and others) | |
2575 | for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run | |
2576 | --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run | |
2577 | updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. | |
2578 | ||
2579 | * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches | |
2580 | now also work in --scope mode. | |
2581 | ||
2582 | * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support | |
2583 | for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling | |
2584 | kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility | |
2585 | promises are made.) | |
2586 | ||
2587 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin | |
2588 | K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
2589 | Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay | |
2590 | Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
2591 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, | |
2592 | Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef | |
2593 | Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas | |
2594 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom | |
2595 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, | |
2596 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2597 | ||
2598 | -- Berlin, 2014-03-12 | |
2599 | ||
2600 | CHANGES WITH 210: | |
2601 | ||
2602 | * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy | |
2603 | according to SMACK rules. | |
2604 | ||
2605 | * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to | |
2606 | set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. | |
2607 | ||
2608 | * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added | |
2609 | to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as | |
2610 | reported by uname()'s "machine" field. | |
2611 | ||
2612 | * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system | |
2613 | virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, host name | |
2614 | and machine ID. | |
2615 | ||
2616 | * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the | |
2617 | machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only | |
2618 | on the lid close action, it will continuously watch the lid | |
2619 | status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the | |
2620 | power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can | |
2621 | be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo | |
2622 | Yoga). On those machines, logind will now immediately | |
2623 | re-suspend the machine if the power button has been | |
2624 | accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a | |
2625 | backpack or similar. | |
2626 | ||
2627 | * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction | |
2628 | to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind | |
2629 | will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed | |
2630 | and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK | |
2631 | notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking | |
2632 | stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this | |
2633 | logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop | |
2634 | Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an | |
2635 | external display is connected, as systemd will not watch | |
2636 | this on its own. | |
2637 | ||
2638 | * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by | |
2639 | default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual | |
2640 | API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as | |
2641 | access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. | |
2642 | ||
2643 | * We will now ship a default .network file for | |
2644 | systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for | |
2645 | network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or | |
2646 | --network-bridge= switches. | |
2647 | ||
2648 | * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes | |
2649 | according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when | |
2650 | referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay | |
2651 | with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software | |
2652 | metrics, according to what is customary according to | |
2653 | Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for | |
2654 | each configuration option. | |
2655 | ||
2656 | * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax | |
2657 | to whitelist an entire group of devices node majors at once, | |
2658 | based on the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the | |
2659 | string "char-pts", it is now possible to whitelist all | |
2660 | current and future pseudo-TTYs at once. | |
2661 | ||
2662 | * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of | |
2663 | this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event | |
2664 | source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for | |
2665 | implementing clean-up and check event sources that are | |
2666 | triggered by other work being done in the program. | |
2667 | ||
2668 | * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses | |
2669 | the usual [Install] sections so that it can be | |
2670 | enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by | |
2671 | default however. | |
2672 | ||
2673 | * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn, the | |
2674 | host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if | |
2675 | --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth | |
2676 | is used. This way, it is easy to distinguish these cases on | |
2677 | the host, for example to apply different configuration to | |
2678 | them with systemd-networkd. | |
2679 | ||
2680 | * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, | |
2681 | libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and | |
2682 | libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC | |
2683 | anymore. Instead, we now build libsystemd.so multiple times | |
2684 | under these alternative names. This means that the footprint | |
2685 | is drastically increased, but given that these are | |
2686 | transitional compatibility libraries, this should not matter | |
2687 | much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM | |
2688 | platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM | |
2689 | toolchain is not really at the same level as the toolchain | |
2690 | for other architectures like x86 and does not support | |
2691 | IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only | |
2692 | during a transitional period! | |
2693 | ||
2694 | Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, | |
2695 | Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, | |
2696 | Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper | |
2697 | St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, | |
2698 | Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike | |
2699 | Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
2700 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, | |
2701 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
2702 | ||
2703 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-24 | |
2704 | ||
2705 | CHANGES WITH 209: | |
2706 | ||
2707 | * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can | |
2708 | be used to configure local network interfaces statically or | |
2709 | via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and | |
2710 | bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network | |
2711 | configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, | |
2712 | container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, | |
2713 | yet powerful, network configuration solution. This | |
2714 | configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard | |
2715 | hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single | |
2716 | configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet | |
2717 | interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, | |
2718 | or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. | |
2719 | ||
2720 | * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can | |
2721 | act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is | |
2722 | useful for adding socket activation support to services that | |
2723 | do not actually support socket activation, including virtual | |
2724 | machines and the like. | |
2725 | ||
2726 | * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on | |
2727 | shutdown/boot. | |
2728 | ||
2729 | * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to | |
2730 | display backlights on shutdown/boot. | |
2731 | ||
2732 | * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device | |
2733 | nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For | |
2734 | now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is | |
2735 | prepared for additional security frameworks. | |
2736 | ||
2737 | * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes | |
2738 | from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can | |
2739 | match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, | |
2740 | and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, | |
2741 | MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC | |
2742 | address assignment policy (randomized, ...). | |
2743 | ||
2744 | * The configuration of network interface naming rules for | |
2745 | "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= | |
2746 | setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the | |
2747 | priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, MAC, | |
2748 | path). The default value of this setting is determined by | |
2749 | /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old | |
2750 | 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been | |
2751 | removed, so local configuration overriding this file should | |
2752 | be adapated to override 99-default.link instead. | |
2753 | ||
2754 | * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also | |
2755 | initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. | |
2756 | ||
2757 | * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is | |
2758 | now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library | |
2759 | implementation. | |
2760 | ||
2761 | * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is | |
2762 | enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and | |
2763 | enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that | |
2764 | encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little | |
2765 | bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new | |
2766 | generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service | |
2767 | activation files automatically into native systemd .busname | |
2768 | and .service units. | |
2769 | ||
2770 | * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows | |
2771 | defining objects on the bus with a simple static const | |
2772 | vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. | |
2773 | ||
2774 | * systemd will not generate or install static dbus | |
2775 | introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, | |
2776 | as the precise format of these files is unclear, and | |
2777 | nothing makes use of it. | |
2778 | ||
2779 | * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting | |
2780 | via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full | |
2781 | compatibility with classic D-Bus. | |
2782 | ||
2783 | * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the | |
2784 | classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for | |
2785 | compatibility purposes. | |
2786 | ||
2787 | * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a | |
2788 | minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a | |
2789 | couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: | |
2790 | prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer | |
2791 | events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide | |
2792 | coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog | |
2793 | supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child | |
2794 | process handling. | |
2795 | ||
2796 | * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API | |
2797 | around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in | |
2798 | style to "sd-bus.h". | |
2799 | ||
2800 | * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a | |
2801 | small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by | |
2802 | "systemd-networkd". | |
2803 | ||
2804 | * There is a new kernel command line option | |
2805 | "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the | |
2806 | systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware | |
2807 | devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states | |
2808 | are not restored. | |
2809 | ||
2810 | * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units | |
2811 | has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the | |
2812 | necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require | |
2813 | PID1's support for that anymore. | |
2814 | ||
2815 | * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists | |
2816 | recent boots with their times and boot IDs. | |
2817 | ||
2818 | * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, | |
2819 | busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to | |
2820 | connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct | |
2821 | connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any | |
2822 | container that is registered with machined, such as those | |
2823 | created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. | |
2824 | ||
2825 | * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" | |
2826 | to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly | |
2827 | useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs | |
2828 | onto remote systems. | |
2829 | ||
2830 | * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty | |
2831 | login in any local container. This works with any container | |
2832 | that is registered with machined (such as those created by | |
2833 | libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. | |
2834 | ||
2835 | * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to | |
2836 | trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered | |
2837 | with machined. This works on any container that runs an init | |
2838 | system of some kind. | |
2839 | ||
2840 | * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice | |
2841 | listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse | |
2842 | next. | |
2843 | ||
2844 | * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the | |
2845 | "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the | |
2846 | reboot() system call. | |
2847 | ||
2848 | * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the | |
2849 | mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of | |
2850 | --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are | |
2851 | still available but not advertised anymore. | |
2852 | ||
2853 | * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure | |
2854 | various default timeouts of units, as well as the default | |
2855 | start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden | |
2856 | within each Unit. | |
2857 | ||
2858 | * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security | |
2859 | policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to | |
2860 | the kernel). | |
2861 | ||
2862 | * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include | |
2863 | timestamps (following the setting in | |
2864 | /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). | |
2865 | ||
2866 | * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special | |
2867 | strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) | |
2868 | ||
2869 | * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new | |
2870 | AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. | |
2871 | ||
2872 | * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that | |
2873 | allows running two services within the same /tmp and network | |
2874 | namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. | |
2875 | ||
2876 | * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs | |
2877 | the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the | |
2878 | contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that | |
2879 | the full configuration is shown. | |
2880 | ||
2881 | * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" | |
2882 | commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on | |
2883 | those commands which take multiple unit names. | |
2884 | ||
2885 | * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. | |
2886 | ||
2887 | * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so | |
2888 | that systemd automatically notices when they hang. | |
2889 | ||
2890 | * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, | |
2891 | getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each | |
2892 | listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request | |
2893 | login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. | |
2894 | ||
2895 | * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when | |
2896 | used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are | |
2897 | not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user | |
2898 | instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. | |
2899 | ||
2900 | * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output | |
2901 | of the legend text. | |
2902 | ||
2903 | * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: | |
2904 | sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), | |
2905 | sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about | |
2906 | remote sessions. | |
2907 | ||
2908 | * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product | |
2909 | information of SDIO devices. | |
2910 | ||
2911 | * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to | |
2912 | determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by | |
2913 | the system manager. | |
2914 | ||
2915 | * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a | |
2916 | short description of the connection parameters in the | |
2917 | description. | |
2918 | ||
2919 | * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, | |
2920 | only lines where the command character is not suffixed with | |
2921 | "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those | |
2922 | options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles | |
2923 | directives into those that can be safely executed at any | |
2924 | time, and those which should be run only at boot (for | |
2925 | example, a line that creates /run/nologin). | |
2926 | ||
2927 | * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple | |
2928 | asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution | |
2929 | calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's | |
2930 | getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most | |
2931 | other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does | |
2932 | not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate | |
2933 | host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, | |
2934 | LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been | |
2935 | cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. | |
2936 | ||
2937 | * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", | |
2938 | "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries | |
2939 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, | |
2940 | libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have | |
2941 | merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which | |
2942 | provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic | |
2943 | dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's | |
2944 | symbols. So far, we have managed to workaround that by linking | |
2945 | a copy of a good part of our code into each of these | |
2946 | libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain | |
2947 | things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it | |
2948 | substantially increases footprint. With this change, there | |
2949 | is only one library for the basic APIs systemd | |
2950 | provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", | |
2951 | "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this | |
2952 | library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus | |
2953 | switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part | |
2954 | of this library (this is because it only consumes, never | |
2955 | provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition | |
2956 | easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we | |
2957 | provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which | |
2958 | will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the | |
2959 | old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. | |
2960 | ||
2961 | * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", | |
2962 | "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", | |
2963 | and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the | |
2964 | "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by | |
2965 | default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable | |
2966 | the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the | |
2967 | userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We | |
2968 | want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for | |
2969 | now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge | |
2970 | that you are aware of the instability of the current | |
2971 | APIs. | |
2972 | ||
2973 | * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, | |
2974 | it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you | |
2975 | can build a fully working system with all features; however, | |
2976 | it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in | |
2977 | one of the next releases, at the same time that we will | |
2978 | declare the APIs stable. | |
2979 | ||
2980 | * When the kernel command line argument "kdbus" is specified, | |
2981 | systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At | |
2982 | this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus | |
2983 | and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" | |
2984 | is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and | |
2985 | "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system | |
2986 | runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned | |
2987 | problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future | |
2988 | version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with | |
2989 | each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only | |
2990 | one of them is updated. | |
2991 | ||
2992 | * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which | |
2993 | uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the | |
2994 | service manager so that it is inherited by services started | |
2995 | by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like | |
2996 | $DISPLAY into the user service manager. | |
2997 | ||
2998 | * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units | |
2999 | which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev | |
3000 | directory that does not contain any device nodes for | |
3001 | physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices | |
3002 | such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API | |
3003 | entry points. | |
3004 | ||
3005 | * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT | |
3006 | switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes | |
3007 | multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat | |
3008 | (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has | |
3009 | been disabled at compile-time. | |
3010 | ||
3011 | * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown | |
3012 | and fails to release it in time, we will now log its | |
3013 | identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that | |
3014 | cause slow suspends or power-offs. | |
3015 | ||
3016 | * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= | |
3017 | option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating | |
3018 | which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. | |
3019 | ||
3020 | * The sd_journald_sendv() API call has been checked and | |
3021 | officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may | |
3022 | be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. | |
3023 | ||
3024 | * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a | |
3025 | short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give | |
3026 | the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. | |
3027 | ||
3028 | * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time | |
3029 | remains until jobs expire. | |
3030 | ||
3031 | * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible | |
3032 | value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the | |
3033 | initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon | |
3034 | process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to | |
3035 | all remaining processes of the service. | |
3036 | ||
3037 | * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" | |
3038 | may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a | |
3039 | RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut | |
3040 | down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into | |
3041 | the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now | |
3042 | be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the | |
3043 | manager process which created them takes no further | |
3044 | responsibilities for it. | |
3045 | ||
3046 | * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify | |
3047 | the access mode of these files, and warn about certain | |
3048 | suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it | |
3049 | easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are | |
3050 | marked executable or world-writable. | |
3051 | ||
3052 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set | |
3053 | container-wide environment variables. The similar option in | |
3054 | systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to | |
3055 | "--setenv=" for consistency. | |
3056 | ||
3057 | * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain | |
3058 | for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each | |
3059 | container to have its own set of system and user buses, | |
3060 | independent of the host. | |
3061 | ||
3062 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run | |
3063 | the container with less capabilities than the default. Both | |
3064 | --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special | |
3065 | string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. | |
3066 | ||
3067 | * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers | |
3068 | with specific SELinux labels set. | |
3069 | ||
3070 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate | |
3071 | any additional output but the container's own console | |
3072 | output. | |
3073 | ||
3074 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a | |
3075 | container without PID namespacing enabled. | |
3076 | ||
3077 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control | |
3078 | whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or | |
3079 | not. This is useful for containers that do not run full | |
3080 | OS images, but only specific apps. | |
3081 | ||
3082 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used | |
3083 | when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and | |
3084 | results in registration of the unit service itself in | |
3085 | systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. | |
3086 | ||
3087 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for | |
3088 | moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new | |
3089 | --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection | |
3090 | between host and container. The new --network-bridge= | |
3091 | switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual | |
3092 | Ethernet connection to a bridge device. | |
3093 | ||
3094 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for | |
3095 | setting the kernel personality for the container. This is | |
3096 | useful when running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. A | |
3097 | similar option Personality= is now also available for service | |
3098 | units to use. | |
3099 | ||
3100 | * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each | |
3101 | session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is | |
3102 | useful for desktop environments that want to identify | |
3103 | multiple running sessions of itself easily. | |
3104 | ||
3105 | * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been | |
3106 | added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution | |
3107 | context for a service. | |
3108 | ||
3109 | * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for | |
3110 | settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will | |
3111 | override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as | |
3112 | jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to | |
3113 | influence this logic. | |
3114 | ||
3115 | * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of | |
3116 | the libseccomp library instead of using its own | |
3117 | implementation. This has benefits for portability among | |
3118 | other things. | |
3119 | ||
3120 | * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new | |
3121 | SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that | |
3122 | allows configuration of a system error number to be returned | |
3123 | on filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the | |
3124 | process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to | |
3125 | limit access to system calls of a particular architecture | |
3126 | (in order to turn off support for unused secondary | |
3127 | architectures). There is also a global | |
3128 | SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn | |
3129 | off support for non-native system calls system-wide. | |
3130 | ||
3131 | * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), | |
3132 | please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. | |
3133 | ||
3134 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, | |
3135 | Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, | |
3136 | Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
3137 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J | |
3138 | Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, | |
3139 | David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, | |
3140 | Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo | |
3141 | Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor | |
3142 | Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, | |
3143 | Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose | |
3144 | Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, | |
3145 | Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz | |
3146 | Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
3147 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de | |
3148 | Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael | |
3149 | Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, | |
3150 | Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, | |
3151 | Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien | |
3152 | Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, | |
3153 | Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, | |
3154 | Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, | |
3155 | Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav | |
3156 | Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang | |
3157 | Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3158 | ||
3159 | -- Berlin, 2014-02-20 | |
3160 | ||
3161 | CHANGES WITH 208: | |
3162 | ||
3163 | * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input | |
3164 | and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is | |
3165 | useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar | |
3166 | programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and | |
3167 | access input and drm devices which are normally | |
3168 | protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) | |
3169 | logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to | |
3170 | Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it | |
3171 | if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure | |
3172 | session switching without allowing background sessions to | |
3173 | eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces | |
3174 | session switching support if VT support is turned off in the | |
3175 | kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. | |
3176 | ||
3177 | * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood | |
3178 | now which allows specifying LUKS options for usage for LUKS | |
3179 | encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. | |
3180 | ||
3181 | * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in | |
3182 | path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now | |
3183 | replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and | |
3184 | kernel version number. | |
3185 | ||
3186 | * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which | |
3187 | may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file | |
3188 | or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it does not. | |
3189 | ||
3190 | * This release removes high-level support for the | |
3191 | MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel | |
3192 | cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly | |
3193 | designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its | |
3194 | current form, hence we should not expose it for now. | |
3195 | ||
3196 | * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for | |
3197 | all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup | |
3198 | hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in | |
3199 | default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchical mode | |
3200 | never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchical | |
3201 | cgroup system. | |
3202 | ||
3203 | * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal | |
3204 | messages containing the slice a message was generated | |
3205 | from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of | |
3206 | logs among other things. | |
3207 | ||
3208 | * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal | |
3209 | files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we | |
3210 | rely on the journal directory to be owned by the | |
3211 | "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the | |
3212 | kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that | |
3213 | journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for | |
3214 | this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from | |
3215 | journald which would be necessary to resolve | |
3216 | "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might | |
3217 | create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to | |
3218 | other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are | |
3219 | logging clients of journald and might block on it, which | |
3220 | would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in | |
3221 | systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are | |
3222 | properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every | |
3223 | boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after | |
3224 | upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is | |
3225 | not delayed until next reboot. | |
3226 | ||
3227 | * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into | |
3228 | the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all | |
3229 | systemd generated files in one directory. | |
3230 | ||
3231 | * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by | |
3232 | "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT | |
3233 | performance information if that's available to determine how | |
3234 | much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With | |
3235 | a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot | |
3236 | with Gummiboot to get access to such information. | |
3237 | ||
3238 | Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, | |
3239 | Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David | |
3240 | Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao | |
3241 | feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3242 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, | |
3243 | Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, | |
3244 | Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3245 | ||
3246 | -- Berlin, 2013-10-02 | |
3247 | ||
3248 | CHANGES WITH 207: | |
3249 | ||
3250 | * The Restart= option for services now understands a new | |
3251 | on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service | |
3252 | automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep | |
3253 | alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=). | |
3254 | ||
3255 | * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a | |
3256 | getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only | |
3257 | start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all | |
3258 | others, too. This makes the order in which console= is | |
3259 | specified on the kernel command line less important. | |
3260 | ||
3261 | * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to | |
3262 | retrieve the VT number of a session. | |
3263 | ||
3264 | * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab | |
3265 | its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any | |
3266 | maximum number of tries. | |
3267 | ||
3268 | * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID | |
3269 | file will now be removed automatically if it still exists | |
3270 | afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files. | |
3271 | ||
3272 | * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names | |
3273 | for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths. | |
3274 | ||
3275 | * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take | |
3276 | paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that | |
3277 | it should not be considered a failure if they do not exist. | |
3278 | ||
3279 | * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new | |
3280 | output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but | |
3281 | shows timestamps with usec accuracy. | |
3282 | ||
3283 | * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now | |
3284 | synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, | |
3285 | "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember | |
3286 | and type). | |
3287 | ||
3288 | * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now | |
3289 | LGPL-2.1 licensed than before. | |
3290 | ||
3291 | * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight | |
3292 | brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the | |
3293 | backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and | |
3294 | restore it as early as possible during reboot. | |
3295 | ||
3296 | * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap | |
3297 | partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place | |
3298 | /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can | |
3299 | discover certain partitions located on the root disk | |
3300 | automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their | |
3301 | GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap | |
3302 | partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID | |
3303 | 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f. | |
3304 | ||
3305 | * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel | |
3306 | or initrd to system services. If you want to set an | |
3307 | environment for all services, do so via the kernel command | |
3308 | line systemd.setenv= assignment. | |
3309 | ||
3310 | * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file | |
3311 | /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked | |
3312 | from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing | |
3313 | legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it | |
3314 | also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the | |
3315 | different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a | |
3316 | pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) | |
3317 | ||
3318 | * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands | |
3319 | have been moved to systemd-analyze. | |
3320 | ||
3321 | * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch, | |
3322 | which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up | |
3323 | automatically after the process terminated. | |
3324 | ||
3325 | * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude | |
3326 | certain paths from operation. | |
3327 | ||
3328 | * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk | |
3329 | as soon as a message at the log level CRIT, ALERT or EMERG | |
3330 | is received. | |
3331 | ||
3332 | Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian | |
3333 | Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal, | |
3334 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George | |
3335 | McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, | |
3336 | Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, | |
3337 | Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering, | |
3338 | Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel | |
3339 | Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, | |
3340 | Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał | |
3341 | Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn | |
3342 | Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe | |
3343 | Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao, | |
3344 | William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3345 | ||
3346 | -- Berlin, 2013-09-13 | |
3347 | ||
3348 | CHANGES WITH 206: | |
3349 | ||
3350 | * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new | |
3351 | concepts introduced with 205. | |
3352 | ||
3353 | * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which | |
3354 | resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname | |
3355 | -r". | |
3356 | ||
3357 | * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by | |
3358 | load state, active state and sub state, using the new | |
3359 | --state= parameter. | |
3360 | ||
3361 | * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the | |
3362 | condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of | |
3363 | the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to | |
3364 | the journal. | |
3365 | ||
3366 | * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a | |
3367 | specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot, | |
3368 | but the syntax is substantially more powerful. | |
3369 | ||
3370 | * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the | |
3371 | cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used | |
3372 | with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue | |
3373 | browsing logs from that point on. | |
3374 | ||
3375 | * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration | |
3376 | of an FSS key. | |
3377 | ||
3378 | * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev | |
3379 | into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod | |
3380 | databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta | |
3381 | information contained in kernel modules, so that these would | |
3382 | be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this | |
3383 | does not really have much to do with the exposing actual | |
3384 | kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly | |
3385 | alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod | |
3386 | will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the | |
3387 | module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the | |
3388 | create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and | |
3389 | other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles | |
3390 | facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the | |
3391 | CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely. | |
3392 | ||
3393 | * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead" | |
3394 | devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to | |
3395 | devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer whithout loading the | |
3396 | backing module right-away. | |
3397 | ||
3398 | * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply | |
3399 | tmpfiles configuration during package installation. | |
3400 | ||
3401 | * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can | |
3402 | detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML). | |
3403 | ||
3404 | * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities | |
3405 | set of processes in the message metadata. | |
3406 | ||
3407 | * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes. | |
3408 | ||
3409 | * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically, | |
3410 | support for passing performance data via environment | |
3411 | variables and fsck results via files in /run has been | |
3412 | removed). These features were non-essential, and are | |
3413 | nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in | |
3414 | the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd | |
3415 | deserialize it again. | |
3416 | ||
3417 | * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard | |
3418 | specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release | |
3419 | scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev | |
3420 | "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file. | |
3421 | ||
3422 | * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line | |
3423 | argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a | |
3424 | completely silent shutdown when used. | |
3425 | ||
3426 | * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket | |
3427 | option in .socket units. | |
3428 | ||
3429 | * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template | |
3430 | subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly | |
3431 | configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now | |
3432 | implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than | |
3433 | system.slice as before. | |
3434 | ||
3435 | * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time. | |
3436 | ||
3437 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald | |
3438 | Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan | |
3439 | Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3440 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael | |
3441 | Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden, | |
3442 | Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William | |
3443 | Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3444 | ||
3445 | -- Berlin, 2013-07-23 | |
3446 | ||
3447 | CHANGES WITH 205: | |
3448 | ||
3449 | * Two new unit types have been introduced: | |
3450 | ||
3451 | Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are | |
3452 | created out of pre-existing processes -- instead of PID 1 | |
3453 | forking off the processes. By using scope units it is | |
3454 | possible for system services and applications to group their | |
3455 | own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way | |
3456 | which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them | |
3457 | together, or apply resource limits on them. | |
3458 | ||
3459 | Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an | |
3460 | hierarchical fashion and then assign other units to them. By | |
3461 | default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all | |
3462 | system services), user.slice (for all user sessions), | |
3463 | machine.slice (for VMs and containers). | |
3464 | ||
3465 | Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in | |
3466 | context of the work to move cgroup handling to a | |
3467 | single-writer scheme, where only PID 1 | |
3468 | creates/removes/manages cgroups. | |
3469 | ||
3470 | * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to | |
3471 | normal units these units are created via an API at runtime, | |
3472 | not from configuration from disk. More specifically this | |
3473 | means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as | |
3474 | independent services, with all execution parameters passed | |
3475 | in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units | |
3476 | make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was, | |
3477 | and useful as a general batch manager. | |
3478 | ||
3479 | * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units | |
3480 | for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get | |
3481 | his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added | |
3482 | as scope units. We also added support for automatically | |
3483 | adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the | |
3484 | slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup | |
3485 | hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1 | |
3486 | for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since | |
3487 | user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1 | |
3488 | the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive. | |
3489 | ||
3490 | * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which | |
3491 | may be used by virtualization managers to register local | |
3492 | VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and | |
3493 | libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit | |
3494 | of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign | |
3495 | them their own scope unit (see above). The collected | |
3496 | meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool, | |
3497 | and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl | |
3498 | is compile-time optional. | |
3499 | ||
3500 | * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration | |
3501 | options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=, | |
3502 | ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been | |
3503 | removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as | |
3504 | well as slice units. | |
3505 | ||
3506 | * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter | |
3507 | various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily | |
3508 | useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way, | |
3509 | but will be extended later on to make more properties | |
3510 | modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties | |
3511 | command that wraps this call. | |
3512 | ||
3513 | * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to | |
3514 | run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes, | |
3515 | while configuring a number of settings via the command | |
3516 | line. This tool is currently very basic, however already | |
3517 | very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow | |
3518 | queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the | |
3519 | command line, similar in fashion to "at". | |
3520 | ||
3521 | * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with | |
3522 | audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn | |
3523 | off audit. | |
3524 | ||
3525 | * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security | |
3526 | frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added. | |
3527 | ||
3528 | * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel | |
3529 | messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user" | |
3530 | and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs | |
3531 | and system logs. | |
3532 | ||
3533 | * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in | |
3534 | snippets extending unit files. | |
3535 | ||
3536 | * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still | |
3537 | not available as public API. | |
3538 | ||
3539 | * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel | |
3540 | command line and enable debug logging, similar to what | |
3541 | "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before. | |
3542 | ||
3543 | * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been | |
3544 | added to configure the default.target symlink, which | |
3545 | controls what to boot into by default. | |
3546 | ||
3547 | * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient | |
3548 | way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold. | |
3549 | ||
3550 | * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various | |
3551 | generators needed for execution, as well as information | |
3552 | about the unit file loading. | |
3553 | ||
3554 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call | |
3555 | for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a | |
3556 | new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we | |
3557 | only supported opening all files from a directory, or all | |
3558 | files from the system, as opening individual files only is | |
3559 | racy due to journal file rotation. | |
3560 | ||
3561 | * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in | |
3562 | /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for | |
3563 | all services. | |
3564 | ||
3565 | * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the | |
3566 | OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically | |
3567 | augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=, | |
3568 | OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, ... fields. This is useful if | |
3569 | system services want to log events about specific client | |
3570 | processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use | |
3571 | of this information if all log messages regarding a specific | |
3572 | unit is requested. | |
3573 | ||
3574 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters, | |
3575 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave | |
3576 | Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco | |
3577 | Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander | |
3578 | Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan | |
3579 | Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3580 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer, | |
3581 | Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer, | |
3582 | Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan, | |
3583 | Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern, | |
3584 | Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
3585 | Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, | |
3586 | Łukasz Stelmach, 장동준 | |
3587 | ||
3588 | CHANGES WITH 204: | |
3589 | ||
3590 | * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs | |
3591 | exposed by libsystemd-logind. | |
3592 | ||
3593 | * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since | |
3594 | this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only | |
3595 | miss IMA for this. Patches welcome! | |
3596 | ||
3597 | Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering, | |
3598 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3599 | ||
3600 | CHANGES WITH 203: | |
3601 | ||
3602 | * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if | |
3603 | necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it. | |
3604 | ||
3605 | * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a | |
3606 | container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute | |
3607 | fields, including the root directory. | |
3608 | ||
3609 | * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All | |
3610 | objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup | |
3611 | tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are | |
3612 | now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in | |
3613 | cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in | |
3614 | cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup | |
3615 | names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision | |
3616 | of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work | |
3617 | is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the | |
3618 | cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of | |
3619 | these objects without causing naming conflicts. | |
3620 | ||
3621 | * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches | |
3622 | --plain, --reverse, --after and --before. | |
3623 | ||
3624 | * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that | |
3625 | have taken an inhibitor lock. | |
3626 | ||
3627 | * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost" | |
3628 | implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and | |
3629 | nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and | |
3630 | the local hostname. | |
3631 | ||
3632 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call | |
3633 | sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and | |
3634 | VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and | |
3635 | nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch | |
3636 | VMs/containers coming and going. | |
3637 | ||
3638 | * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in | |
3639 | unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in | |
3640 | .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198. | |
3641 | ||
3642 | * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that | |
3643 | determines the slowest chain of units run during system | |
3644 | boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where | |
3645 | optimizing boot time is the most beneficial. | |
3646 | ||
3647 | * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in | |
3648 | the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in | |
3649 | units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.) | |
3650 | ||
3651 | * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may | |
3652 | be used to easily run nspawn containers as system | |
3653 | services. With the container's root directory in | |
3654 | /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run | |
3655 | "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it. | |
3656 | ||
3657 | * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only | |
3658 | the processes within a certain container. | |
3659 | ||
3660 | * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still | |
3661 | are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition | |
3662 | check though. Patches welcome! | |
3663 | ||
3664 | * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been | |
3665 | added that may be used to configure which kernel operation | |
3666 | systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate" | |
3667 | or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel | |
3668 | "freeze" state accessible to the user. | |
3669 | ||
3670 | * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape | |
3671 | the passed argument if applicable. | |
3672 | ||
3673 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, | |
3674 | Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
3675 | Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh | |
3676 | Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, | |
3677 | MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel | |
3678 | Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom | |
3679 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
3680 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3681 | ||
3682 | CHANGES WITH 202: | |
3683 | ||
3684 | * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The | |
3685 | '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new | |
3686 | command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows | |
3687 | a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the | |
3688 | socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket | |
3689 | units activate. | |
3690 | ||
3691 | * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial | |
3692 | updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental) | |
3693 | kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange | |
3694 | messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not | |
3695 | ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case | |
3696 | for now, and not installable. | |
3697 | ||
3698 | * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service' | |
3699 | that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and | |
3700 | can run in conjunction with udev. | |
3701 | ||
3702 | * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit() | |
3703 | to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running | |
3704 | in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as | |
3705 | session manager. | |
3706 | ||
3707 | * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine | |
3708 | top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd | |
3709 | hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a | |
3710 | uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system | |
3711 | services, user processes and containers/virtual | |
3712 | machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick | |
3713 | stable names to specific container instances, which can be | |
3714 | recognized later this way (this name may be controlled | |
3715 | via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also | |
3716 | gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the | |
3717 | name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to. | |
3718 | ||
3719 | * bootchart can now store its data in the journal. | |
3720 | ||
3721 | * libsystemd-journal gained a new call | |
3722 | sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the | |
3723 | matching logic. This can be used to express more complex | |
3724 | logical expressions. | |
3725 | ||
3726 | * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit= | |
3727 | switches. | |
3728 | ||
3729 | * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel | |
3730 | command line switch for specifying a file to read the | |
3731 | decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not | |
3732 | found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting | |
3733 | the user. | |
3734 | ||
3735 | * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently | |
3736 | added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was | |
3737 | changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader | |
3738 | closer to the C API, and the high level interface in | |
3739 | s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about | |
3740 | an entry. | |
3741 | ||
3742 | Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer, | |
3743 | Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
3744 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer, | |
3745 | Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
3746 | Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks, | |
3747 | Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3748 | ||
3749 | CHANGES WITH 201: | |
3750 | ||
3751 | * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root= | |
3752 | option to operate on catalogs found in a different root | |
3753 | directory. | |
3754 | ||
3755 | * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running | |
3756 | services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over | |
3757 | processes. We will now print the name of these processes | |
3758 | when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a | |
3759 | problem. | |
3760 | ||
3761 | * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on | |
3762 | configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be | |
3763 | generated to ensure the specific mount is established first | |
3764 | before the key file is attempted to be read. | |
3765 | ||
3766 | * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the | |
3767 | network sockets a socket unit is listening on. | |
3768 | ||
3769 | * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any | |
3770 | drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration | |
3771 | files in this context are files such as | |
3772 | /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf) | |
3773 | ||
3774 | * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of | |
3775 | cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between | |
3776 | percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine | |
3777 | which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire | |
3778 | runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated | |
3779 | to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools. | |
3780 | ||
3781 | * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN | |
3782 | hostnames. | |
3783 | ||
3784 | * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been | |
3785 | changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions | |
3786 | such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional | |
3787 | expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s" | |
3788 | rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s | |
3789 | millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms | |
3790 | microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve | |
3791 | all time-related output of systemd. | |
3792 | ||
3793 | * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new | |
3794 | functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll() | |
3795 | timeout value for integration into arbitrary event | |
3796 | loops. | |
3797 | ||
3798 | * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps | |
3799 | (models, layouts, variants, options). | |
3800 | ||
3801 | * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for | |
3802 | specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller, | |
3803 | more useful graphs. I.e. it is now possible to create simple | |
3804 | graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or | |
3805 | of all units that Avahi has dependencies with. | |
3806 | ||
3807 | Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck, | |
3808 | Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly | |
3809 | Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau, | |
3810 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal | |
3811 | Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, | |
3812 | Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav | |
3813 | Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach | |
3814 | ||
3815 | CHANGES WITH 200: | |
3816 | ||
3817 | * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media | |
3818 | will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which | |
3819 | consist of all read requests made in equidistant time | |
3820 | intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead | |
3821 | data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a | |
3822 | middle ground between physical and access time order. | |
3823 | ||
3824 | * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage | |
3825 | on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS | |
3826 | images. | |
3827 | ||
3828 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, | |
3829 | Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín | |
3830 | William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3831 | ||
3832 | CHANGES WITH 199: | |
3833 | ||
3834 | * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon. | |
3835 | ||
3836 | * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO | |
3837 | security policy. | |
3838 | ||
3839 | * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=, | |
3840 | ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has | |
3841 | changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now | |
3842 | shared by all processes of a service (which means | |
3843 | ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of | |
3844 | the same service can still access). When a service is | |
3845 | stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted | |
3846 | (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to | |
3847 | this though). | |
3848 | ||
3849 | * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl | |
3850 | variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned | |
3851 | on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing | |
3852 | disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink | |
3853 | protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should | |
3854 | be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems. | |
3855 | ||
3856 | * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off | |
3857 | with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0. | |
3858 | ||
3859 | * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a | |
3860 | pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see: | |
3861 | ||
3862 | http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html | |
3863 | ||
3864 | * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk | |
3865 | at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also | |
3866 | be marked offline until the next write. This should increase | |
3867 | reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay | |
3868 | can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf. | |
3869 | ||
3870 | * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used | |
3871 | to pull in specific services when at least one remote file | |
3872 | system is to be mounted. | |
3873 | ||
3874 | * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as | |
3875 | canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in | |
3876 | from. This complements sockets.target with a similar | |
3877 | purpose for socket units. | |
3878 | ||
3879 | * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value() | |
3880 | to set sysfs attributes of a device. | |
3881 | ||
3882 | * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker | |
3883 | processes executed in parallel based on the number of available | |
3884 | CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed | |
3885 | to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive | |
3886 | paralellism for setups with 1000s of devices connected. | |
3887 | ||
3888 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian | |
3889 | Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes | |
3890 | Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan | |
3891 | Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
3892 | Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl, | |
3893 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen, | |
3894 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel | |
3895 | Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, | |
3896 | Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
3897 | ||
3898 | CHANGES WITH 198: | |
3899 | ||
3900 | * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in | |
3901 | files without having to edit/override the unit files | |
3902 | themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to | |
3903 | change one value for a service file foobar.service he can | |
3904 | now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into | |
3905 | /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic | |
3906 | will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the | |
3907 | main unit configuration file, possibly extending or | |
3908 | overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is | |
3909 | generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing | |
3910 | unit files locally: copying the files from | |
3911 | /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing | |
3912 | them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/ | |
3913 | that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in | |
3914 | snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any | |
3915 | directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual | |
3916 | overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply | |
3917 | for them too. | |
3918 | ||
3919 | * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be | |
3920 | reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example, | |
3921 | normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new | |
3922 | environment variable assignment to the environment block, | |
3923 | each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty | |
3924 | string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is | |
3925 | particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets | |
3926 | mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list | |
3927 | settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins. | |
3928 | ||
3929 | * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for | |
3930 | listing the dependencies of a unit recursively. | |
3931 | ||
3932 | * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl | |
3933 | suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only | |
3934 | GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by | |
3935 | other users. | |
3936 | ||
3937 | * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group | |
3938 | controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime | |
3939 | for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command | |
3940 | like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares | |
3941 | 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These | |
3942 | settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the | |
3943 | administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of | |
3944 | services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource | |
3945 | management logic is also available to other programs via the | |
3946 | bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is | |
3947 | supported. | |
3948 | ||
3949 | * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to | |
3950 | all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to | |
3951 | the foreground VT. | |
3952 | ||
3953 | * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API | |
3954 | call. | |
3955 | ||
3956 | * This release drops support for a few legacy or | |
3957 | distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init | |
3958 | scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent, | |
3959 | $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp, | |
3960 | $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing | |
3961 | this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain | |
3962 | compatibility with this should carry the burden for | |
3963 | supporting this themselves and patch support for these back | |
3964 | in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and | |
3965 | $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support | |
3966 | early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities | |
3967 | are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has | |
3968 | also been removed. | |
3969 | ||
3970 | * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for | |
3971 | cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously, | |
3972 | both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot | |
3973 | objects themselves. | |
3974 | ||
3975 | * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support. | |
3976 | ||
3977 | * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf | |
3978 | now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as | |
3979 | last character in the line, similarly in style (but different) | |
3980 | to how this is supported in shells. | |
3981 | ||
3982 | * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is | |
3983 | now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl | |
3984 | has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a | |
3985 | user systemd instance. | |
3986 | ||
3987 | * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and | |
3988 | CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for | |
3989 | the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified | |
3990 | Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires | |
3991 | audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in | |
3992 | kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in | |
3993 | context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out | |
3994 | of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed | |
3995 | one day for good in the kernel. | |
3996 | ||
3997 | * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to | |
3998 | bind mount specific directories from the host into the | |
3999 | container. | |
4000 | ||
4001 | * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance | |
4002 | into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from | |
4003 | the host into the container. | |
4004 | ||
4005 | * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance | |
4006 | information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader | |
4007 | supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance | |
4008 | analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported | |
4009 | only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported | |
4010 | by other boot loaders too. For details see: | |
4011 | ||
4012 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface | |
4013 | ||
4014 | * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the | |
4015 | EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory | |
4016 | exists, is empty, and no other file system has been | |
4017 | configured to be mounted there. | |
4018 | ||
4019 | * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out | |
4020 | unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be | |
4021 | used by applications as asynchronous notification for | |
4022 | system resume events. | |
4023 | ||
4024 | * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows | |
4025 | unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar | |
4026 | to how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users | |
4027 | sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions(). | |
4028 | ||
4029 | * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a | |
4030 | seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for | |
4031 | the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics | |
4032 | card). | |
4033 | ||
4034 | * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows | |
4035 | configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that | |
4036 | shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging"). | |
4037 | ||
4038 | * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only | |
4039 | at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a | |
4040 | later "change" event. | |
4041 | ||
4042 | * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses | |
4043 | now carry a message ID. | |
4044 | ||
4045 | * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this | |
4046 | continues to be work in progress. | |
4047 | ||
4048 | * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the | |
4049 | root directory to operate relative to. | |
4050 | ||
4051 | * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel | |
4052 | early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early | |
4053 | instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown | |
4054 | times a little. | |
4055 | ||
4056 | * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for | |
4057 | certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview | |
4058 | and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon | |
4059 | like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by | |
4060 | graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and | |
4061 | request boot into firmware operations. | |
4062 | ||
4063 | * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match | |
4064 | the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work | |
4065 | correctly in initrds. | |
4066 | ||
4067 | * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now | |
4068 | also compile time optional via a configure switch. | |
4069 | ||
4070 | * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl | |
4071 | dot" has moved into systemd-analyze. | |
4072 | ||
4073 | * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print | |
4074 | the status of all active or failed units. | |
4075 | ||
4076 | * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed | |
4077 | with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue | |
4078 | operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later | |
4079 | job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown | |
4080 | requests more robust. | |
4081 | ||
4082 | * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for | |
4083 | reading journal files. | |
4084 | ||
4085 | * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install | |
4086 | kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification: | |
4087 | ||
4088 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec | |
4089 | ||
4090 | * Boot time console output has been improved to provide | |
4091 | animated boot time output for hanging jobs. | |
4092 | ||
4093 | * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used | |
4094 | to test socket activation with, directly from the command | |
4095 | line. This should make it much easier to test and debug | |
4096 | socket activation in daemons. | |
4097 | ||
4098 | * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show | |
4099 | journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first). | |
4100 | ||
4101 | * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump | |
4102 | to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the | |
4103 | pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less". | |
4104 | ||
4105 | * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works | |
4106 | similarly to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than | |
4107 | system units. | |
4108 | ||
4109 | * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in | |
4110 | initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from | |
4111 | the various initrd implementations into systemd proper. | |
4112 | ||
4113 | * The journal files are now owned by a new group | |
4114 | "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access | |
4115 | to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the | |
4116 | "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more | |
4117 | than just journal/log file access. This new group is now | |
4118 | already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this | |
4119 | daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else | |
4120 | as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs | |
4121 | up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read | |
4122 | access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns | |
4123 | the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also | |
4124 | add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and | |
4125 | all existing/future journal files. To normal users and | |
4126 | administrators little changes, however packagers need to | |
4127 | ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at | |
4128 | package installation time. | |
4129 | ||
4130 | * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user | |
4131 | systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging | |
4132 | scripts need to create these system user/group at | |
4133 | installation time. | |
4134 | ||
4135 | * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that | |
4136 | indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not. | |
4137 | ||
4138 | * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs | |
4139 | ||
4140 | * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is | |
4141 | available. | |
4142 | ||
4143 | * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also | |
4144 | load SMACK policies at early boot. | |
4145 | ||
4146 | Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke | |
4147 | Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch, | |
4148 | Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss, | |
4149 | Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer, | |
4150 | Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
4151 | Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin | |
4152 | Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael | |
4153 | Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil, | |
4154 | Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor | |
4155 | Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob | |
4156 | Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven | |
4157 | Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
4158 | Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew | |
4159 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak) | |
4160 | ||
4161 | CHANGES WITH 197: | |
4162 | ||
4163 | * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to | |
4164 | monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit | |
4165 | based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri | |
4166 | 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first | |
4167 | or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is | |
4168 | a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support | |
4169 | considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on | |
4170 | the supported calendar time specification language see | |
4171 | systemd.time(7). | |
4172 | ||
4173 | * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for | |
4174 | network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination | |
4175 | of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki | |
4176 | document for details: | |
4177 | ||
4178 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames | |
4179 | ||
4180 | * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the | |
4181 | systemd tree. It is an optional component that can graph the | |
4182 | boot in quite some detail. It is one of the best bootchart | |
4183 | implementations around and minimal in its code and | |
4184 | dependencies. | |
4185 | ||
4186 | * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source | |
4187 | tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname | |
4188 | always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak | |
4189 | requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and | |
4190 | since its code is actually trivial we decided to just | |
4191 | include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off | |
4192 | with a configure switch. | |
4193 | ||
4194 | * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting | |
4195 | whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in | |
4196 | order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was | |
4197 | only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems | |
4198 | such as ext4. | |
4199 | ||
4200 | * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the | |
4201 | IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company | |
4202 | identities are attached to the devices as well. | |
4203 | ||
4204 | * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is | |
4205 | replaced by the configured user name of the service. | |
4206 | ||
4207 | * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This | |
4208 | makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This | |
4209 | may be used to set up a simple containerized server system | |
4210 | using only core OS tools. | |
4211 | ||
4212 | * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors | |
4213 | when they are started for socket activation. This enables | |
4214 | implementation of socket activated nspawn | |
4215 | containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image | |
4216 | when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect | |
4217 | that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc | |
4218 | eventually. | |
4219 | ||
4220 | * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when | |
4221 | presenting log data. | |
4222 | ||
4223 | * systemctl will no longer show control group information for | |
4224 | a unit if a the control group is empty anyway. | |
4225 | ||
4226 | * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the | |
4227 | system on idle. | |
4228 | ||
4229 | * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis | |
4230 | type of the system. This can be used to determine whether | |
4231 | the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or | |
4232 | tablet. This information may either be configured by the | |
4233 | user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI | |
4234 | information if possible. | |
4235 | ||
4236 | * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with | |
4237 | "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because | |
4238 | many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well. | |
4239 | ||
4240 | * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which | |
4241 | may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an | |
4242 | AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system | |
4243 | is running on battery power. | |
4244 | ||
4245 | * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in | |
4246 | shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit | |
4247 | is in the "failed" state. | |
4248 | ||
4249 | * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file | |
4250 | globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of | |
4251 | environment files at once. | |
4252 | ||
4253 | * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific | |
4254 | distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been | |
4255 | removed, systemd is now fully generic and | |
4256 | distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as | |
4257 | a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure | |
4258 | switches. However, support for some distribution specific | |
4259 | legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We | |
4260 | recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration | |
4261 | files everybody else uses now and convert the old | |
4262 | configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions | |
4263 | already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, | |
4264 | distributions are welcome to forward port the specific | |
4265 | pieces of code locally from the git history. | |
4266 | ||
4267 | * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always | |
4268 | log the unit name in the message meta data. | |
4269 | ||
4270 | * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is | |
4271 | not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked. | |
4272 | ||
4273 | * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer | |
4274 | devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required | |
4275 | to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, | |
4276 | it will now look for all devices that are tagged as | |
4277 | "seat-master" in udev. By default, framebuffer devices will | |
4278 | be marked as such, but depending on local systems, other | |
4279 | devices might be marked as well. This may be used to | |
4280 | integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such | |
4281 | as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that | |
4282 | we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, | |
4283 | and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be | |
4284 | shipped from us upstream. | |
4285 | ||
4286 | Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke | |
4287 | Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David | |
4288 | Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra, | |
4289 | Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik | |
4290 | Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4291 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, | |
4292 | Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry, | |
4293 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg | |
4294 | Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar | |
4295 | Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn | |
4296 | Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch, | |
4297 | Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew | |
4298 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4299 | ||
4300 | CHANGES WITH 196: | |
4301 | ||
4302 | * udev gained support for loading additional device properties | |
4303 | from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs | |
4304 | and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this | |
4305 | "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and | |
4306 | USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In | |
4307 | the longer run this indexed database shall grow into | |
4308 | becoming the one central database for non-essential | |
4309 | userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB | |
4310 | database was only attached to select devices, since the | |
4311 | lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time | |
4312 | complexity (with n being the number of entries in the | |
4313 | database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this | |
4314 | data for all devices where this is available, by | |
4315 | default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt | |
4316 | when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need | |
4317 | to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb | |
4318 | --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For | |
4319 | RPM-based distributions we introduced the new | |
4320 | %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose. | |
4321 | ||
4322 | * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an | |
4323 | indexed database to link up additional information with | |
4324 | journal entries. For further details please check: | |
4325 | ||
4326 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog | |
4327 | ||
4328 | The indexed message catalog database also needs to be | |
4329 | rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use | |
4330 | "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based | |
4331 | distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update | |
4332 | macro for this purpose. | |
4333 | ||
4334 | * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard | |
4335 | Python logging framework. | |
4336 | ||
4337 | * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether | |
4338 | the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of | |
4339 | properly reporting file change notifications, or whether | |
4340 | applications that want to reflect journal changes "live" | |
4341 | need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate | |
4342 | time intervals. | |
4343 | ||
4344 | * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles | |
4345 | entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry | |
4346 | shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up. | |
4347 | ||
4348 | * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb | |
4349 | right-away on the selected coredump. | |
4350 | ||
4351 | * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that | |
4352 | support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use | |
4353 | "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this. | |
4354 | ||
4355 | * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings) | |
4356 | now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply | |
4357 | request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of | |
4358 | actually executing a suspend or hibernation. | |
4359 | ||
4360 | * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by | |
4361 | default. | |
4362 | ||
4363 | * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the | |
4364 | SMACK security label. | |
4365 | ||
4366 | * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next | |
4367 | daylight saving change. | |
4368 | ||
4369 | * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific | |
4370 | concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services | |
4371 | (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S') | |
4372 | or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the | |
4373 | distributions who still need support this to either continue | |
4374 | to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a | |
4375 | different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!) | |
4376 | ||
4377 | * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks | |
4378 | for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not | |
4379 | found to be around. This should fix most issues for | |
4380 | PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been | |
4381 | this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to | |
4382 | make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we | |
4383 | consider it a bug if something does not work as it should if | |
4384 | PolicyKit is not around. | |
4385 | ||
4386 | * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and | |
4387 | systemd without blkid and/or kmod support. | |
4388 | ||
4389 | * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root | |
4390 | more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the | |
4391 | initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to | |
4392 | further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement | |
4393 | offline updating tools. | |
4394 | ||
4395 | * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros | |
4396 | shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after | |
4397 | installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir, | |
4398 | %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir, | |
4399 | %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right | |
4400 | directories for packages to place various data files in. | |
4401 | ||
4402 | * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to | |
4403 | --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages. | |
4404 | ||
4405 | Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel, | |
4406 | Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, | |
4407 | Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, | |
4408 | Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
4409 | Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl, | |
4410 | Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen, | |
4411 | Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas | |
4412 | Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony | |
4413 | Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4414 | ||
4415 | CHANGES WITH 195: | |
4416 | ||
4417 | * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to | |
4418 | filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for | |
4419 | units via --unit=/-u. | |
4420 | ||
4421 | * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the | |
4422 | right thing. | |
4423 | ||
4424 | * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and | |
4425 | vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based | |
4426 | rotation. | |
4427 | ||
4428 | * The journal will now index the available field values for | |
4429 | each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop | |
4430 | downs of available match values when filtering. The bash | |
4431 | completion of journalctl has been updated | |
4432 | accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all | |
4433 | values a certain field takes in the journal database. | |
4434 | ||
4435 | * More service events are now written as structured messages | |
4436 | to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs. | |
4437 | ||
4438 | * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which | |
4439 | previously only provided support for changing time, locale | |
4440 | and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now | |
4441 | also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client | |
4442 | utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing | |
4443 | these settings from the command line now, especially since | |
4444 | it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash | |
4445 | completion. | |
4446 | ||
4447 | * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and | |
4448 | extract coredumps from the journal. | |
4449 | ||
4450 | * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and | |
4451 | /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init | |
4452 | scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to | |
4453 | that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and | |
4454 | scratch their heads. | |
4455 | ||
4456 | * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the | |
4457 | $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd. | |
4458 | ||
4459 | * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result | |
4460 | in immediate termination of systemd. | |
4461 | ||
4462 | * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a | |
4463 | "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering. | |
4464 | ||
4465 | * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed | |
4466 | information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and | |
4467 | mouse screen support has been added. | |
4468 | ||
4469 | * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON | |
4470 | Server-Sent-Events as output. | |
4471 | ||
4472 | * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now | |
4473 | heuristically determine whether a script supports the | |
4474 | "reload" verb, and only then make this available as | |
4475 | "systemctl reload". | |
4476 | ||
4477 | * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl | |
4478 | -u" instead. | |
4479 | ||
4480 | * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings | |
4481 | have been removed since they are hardly useful to be | |
4482 | configured. | |
4483 | ||
4484 | * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention | |
4485 | Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock! | |
4486 | ||
4487 | Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin | |
4488 | Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc | |
4489 | Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas | |
4490 | Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich, | |
4491 | Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas | |
4492 | Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew | |
4493 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич | |
4494 | ||
4495 | CHANGES WITH 194: | |
4496 | ||
4497 | * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no | |
4498 | longer load any console font or key map at boot by | |
4499 | default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left | |
4500 | intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no | |
4501 | configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding | |
4502 | font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad | |
4503 | idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be | |
4504 | good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to | |
4505 | the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them | |
4506 | with. If distributions want to continue to default to a | |
4507 | non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default | |
4508 | /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents. | |
4509 | ||
4510 | Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave | |
4511 | Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef | |
4512 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4513 | ||
4514 | CHANGES WITH 193: | |
4515 | ||
4516 | * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries | |
4517 | starting from the specified location in the journal. | |
4518 | ||
4519 | * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported | |
4520 | with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be | |
4521 | assigned null. This can be turned off with --all. | |
4522 | ||
4523 | * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as | |
4524 | "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides | |
4525 | access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality | |
4526 | will be used to implement live log synchronization in both | |
4527 | pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such | |
4528 | as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right | |
4529 | now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP: | |
4530 | ||
4531 | # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service | |
4532 | # wget http://localhost:19531/entries | |
4533 | ||
4534 | This will download the journal contents in a | |
4535 | /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON: | |
4536 | ||
4537 | # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries | |
4538 | ||
4539 | This service is also accessible via a web browser where a | |
4540 | single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic | |
4541 | to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the | |
4542 | journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example | |
4543 | screenshot of this app in its current state: | |
4544 | ||
4545 | http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd | |
4546 | ||
4547 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert | |
4548 | Milasan, Tom Gundersen | |
4549 | ||
4550 | CHANGES WITH 192: | |
4551 | ||
4552 | * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl | |
4553 | too. | |
4554 | ||
4555 | * We do not mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with | |
4556 | "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be | |
4557 | started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence | |
4558 | broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and | |
4559 | just start them. | |
4560 | ||
4561 | * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes, | |
4562 | and line break accordingly. | |
4563 | ||
4564 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4565 | Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín | |
4566 | ||
4567 | CHANGES WITH 191: | |
4568 | ||
4569 | * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the | |
4570 | container environment, copying the host's timezone | |
4571 | setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but | |
4572 | since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been | |
4573 | changed to create/update the appropriate symlink. | |
4574 | ||
4575 | * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and | |
4576 | will default to 10 if omitted. | |
4577 | ||
4578 | * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may | |
4579 | take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default | |
4580 | built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file | |
4581 | system size is used. Use "systemctl status | |
4582 | systemd-journald.service" to see this information. | |
4583 | ||
4584 | * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X | |
4585 | is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a | |
4586 | seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary | |
4587 | anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped | |
4588 | until the upstream display managers have been updated to | |
4589 | fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be | |
4590 | removed entirely in one of the next releases. | |
4591 | ||
4592 | * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into | |
4593 | HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting | |
4594 | is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are | |
4595 | distinguishing between these keys and we should too. This | |
4596 | also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split | |
4597 | into two. | |
4598 | ||
4599 | Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart | |
4600 | Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín | |
4601 | ||
4602 | CHANGES WITH 190: | |
4603 | ||
4604 | * Whenever a unit changes state we will now log this to the | |
4605 | journal and show along the unit's own log output in | |
4606 | "systemctl status". | |
4607 | ||
4608 | * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind | |
4609 | mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file | |
4610 | system to another place in the same file system could not be | |
4611 | detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev | |
4612 | field.) | |
4613 | ||
4614 | * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct, | |
4615 | cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by | |
4616 | default. | |
4617 | ||
4618 | * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot | |
4619 | ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted | |
4620 | over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This | |
4621 | has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing | |
4622 | in a container. | |
4623 | ||
4624 | * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not | |
4625 | to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one | |
4626 | JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON | |
4627 | parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode | |
4628 | "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but | |
4629 | neatly aligned for readability by humans. | |
4630 | ||
4631 | * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown | |
4632 | code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel | |
4633 | reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility | |
4634 | no-op. | |
4635 | ||
4636 | * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as | |
4637 | supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if | |
4638 | CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also, | |
4639 | nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the | |
4640 | container if the containerized OS asks for that. | |
4641 | ||
4642 | * journalctl will only show local log output by default | |
4643 | now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too. | |
4644 | ||
4645 | * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage() | |
4646 | call to determine the current disk usage of all journal | |
4647 | files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage" | |
4648 | command. | |
4649 | ||
4650 | * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in | |
4651 | journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals | |
4652 | are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details. | |
4653 | ||
4654 | * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added. | |
4655 | ||
4656 | * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write | |
4657 | multiple files at once. | |
4658 | ||
4659 | * We added Python bindings for the journal submission | |
4660 | APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will | |
4661 | likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings | |
4662 | only for the Python language, as we consider it common | |
4663 | enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are | |
4664 | various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings | |
4665 | for languages such as PHP or Lua. | |
4666 | ||
4667 | * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In | |
4668 | addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units | |
4669 | now support specifiers as well. | |
4670 | ||
4671 | * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset | |
4672 | dir: %_presetdir. | |
4673 | ||
4674 | * journald will now warn if it ca not forward a message to the | |
4675 | syslog daemon because its socket is full. | |
4676 | ||
4677 | * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone, | |
4678 | except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr | |
4679 | anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe, | |
4680 | and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary | |
4681 | anymore. | |
4682 | ||
4683 | * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6 | |
4684 | by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where | |
4685 | started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys, | |
4686 | so that no text gettys were available anymore. | |
4687 | ||
4688 | * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic | |
4689 | about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make | |
4690 | simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work. | |
4691 | ||
4692 | * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default | |
4693 | (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel | |
4694 | default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening | |
4695 | sockets. | |
4696 | ||
4697 | * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the | |
4698 | kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone | |
4699 | is changed. | |
4700 | ||
4701 | * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default, | |
4702 | logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep | |
4703 | keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want | |
4704 | to handle these events on their own they should take the new | |
4705 | handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch | |
4706 | inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achieve | |
4707 | that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of: | |
4708 | ||
4709 | systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ... | |
4710 | ||
4711 | * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking | |
4712 | the unit file label and client process label into account. | |
4713 | ||
4714 | * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal | |
4715 | when he over-mounts a non-empty directory. | |
4716 | ||
4717 | * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files, | |
4718 | for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID | |
4719 | (%b). | |
4720 | ||
4721 | Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips, | |
4722 | Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, | |
4723 | Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
4724 | Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, | |
4725 | Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz, | |
4726 | Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, | |
4727 | Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4728 | ||
4729 | CHANGES WITH 189: | |
4730 | ||
4731 | * Support for reading structured kernel messages from | |
4732 | /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default. | |
4733 | ||
4734 | * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now | |
4735 | been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal | |
4736 | make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports | |
4737 | reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see | |
4738 | above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic | |
4739 | syslog daemons again. | |
4740 | ||
4741 | * The libudev API gained the new | |
4742 | udev_device_new_from_device_id() call. | |
4743 | ||
4744 | * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=, | |
4745 | ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to | |
4746 | require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary | |
4747 | directories are created below /tmp for this feature. | |
4748 | ||
4749 | * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts | |
4750 | made on the host OS below the root file system of the | |
4751 | container. | |
4752 | ||
4753 | * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files, | |
4754 | which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so | |
4755 | that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this | |
4756 | being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about | |
4757 | this explaining it in more detail. | |
4758 | ||
4759 | * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus= | |
4760 | and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit | |
4761 | status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the | |
4762 | restart logic, resp. consider successful. | |
4763 | ||
4764 | * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used | |
4765 | to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and | |
4766 | (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of | |
4767 | journal files. | |
4768 | ||
4769 | * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/ | |
4770 | and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells | |
4771 | as container init process a lot more fun. | |
4772 | ||
4773 | * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL= | |
4774 | entries. | |
4775 | ||
4776 | * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match | |
4777 | against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is | |
4778 | useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to | |
4779 | provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly | |
4780 | different sets of services. | |
4781 | ||
4782 | * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a | |
4783 | failure state. | |
4784 | ||
4785 | Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang | |
4786 | Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin | |
4787 | Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4788 | ||
4789 | CHANGES WITH 188: | |
4790 | ||
4791 | * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a | |
4792 | subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps | |
4793 | tree a lot more organized. | |
4794 | ||
4795 | * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that | |
4796 | may be used to group services in a natural way. | |
4797 | ||
4798 | * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of | |
4799 | services. | |
4800 | ||
4801 | * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and | |
4802 | warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports | |
4803 | filtering by log level now. | |
4804 | ||
4805 | * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure | |
4806 | the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained | |
4807 | -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input). | |
4808 | ||
4809 | * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl | |
4810 | command lines involving service unit names. | |
4811 | ||
4812 | * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as | |
4813 | well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions". | |
4814 | ||
4815 | * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror() | |
4816 | that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal | |
4817 | and encodes structured information about the error number. | |
4818 | ||
4819 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size= | |
4820 | option. | |
4821 | ||
4822 | * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when | |
4823 | a shutdown is cancelled. | |
4824 | ||
4825 | * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now | |
4826 | default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work | |
4827 | nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from | |
4828 | the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount | |
4829 | --make-rprivate /" if needed. | |
4830 | ||
4831 | * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions | |
4832 | should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep | |
4833 | it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files | |
4834 | for display managers instead. | |
4835 | ||
4836 | * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now | |
4837 | default to a number of compiler switches that improve | |
4838 | security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack | |
4839 | protection, and suchlike. | |
4840 | ||
4841 | * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into | |
4842 | TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration | |
4843 | of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of | |
4844 | the service. | |
4845 | ||
4846 | Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke | |
4847 | Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer, | |
4848 | Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas | |
4849 | Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter | |
4850 | Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom | |
4851 | Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4852 | ||
4853 | CHANGES WITH 187: | |
4854 | ||
4855 | * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man | |
4856 | pages. | |
4857 | ||
4858 | * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from | |
4859 | the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental | |
4860 | data loss. | |
4861 | ||
4862 | * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset= | |
4863 | option. | |
4864 | ||
4865 | * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state. | |
4866 | ||
4867 | * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to | |
4868 | make writing synchronous journal clients easier. | |
4869 | ||
4870 | * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a | |
4871 | specific directory. | |
4872 | ||
4873 | * journalctl now displays a special marker between log | |
4874 | messages of two different boots. | |
4875 | ||
4876 | * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service | |
4877 | systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply | |
4878 | by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable. | |
4879 | ||
4880 | * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much | |
4881 | more complex expressions, with alternatives and | |
4882 | disjunctions. | |
4883 | ||
4884 | * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main | |
4885 | system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to | |
4886 | ensure no processes stay around by accident. | |
4887 | ||
4888 | * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s | |
4889 | resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user | |
4890 | shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances. | |
4891 | ||
4892 | * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data | |
4893 | object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the | |
4894 | hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This | |
4895 | together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus | |
4896 | speed things up a bit. | |
4897 | ||
4898 | * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect | |
4899 | header data of journal files. | |
4900 | ||
4901 | * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services | |
4902 | which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to | |
4903 | system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5. | |
4904 | ||
4905 | * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j) | |
4906 | to link the container journal with the host. This makes it | |
4907 | very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all | |
4908 | guests while still keeping the journal files separated. | |
4909 | ||
4910 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
4911 | ||
4912 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay | |
4913 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex | |
4914 | Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew | |
4915 | Jędrzejewski-Szmek | |
4916 | ||
4917 | CHANGES WITH 186: | |
4918 | ||
4919 | * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments, | |
4920 | which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They | |
4921 | usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are | |
4922 | prefixed with rd. | |
4923 | ||
4924 | * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are | |
4925 | automatically generated at boot. Use: | |
4926 | ||
4927 | /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead | |
4928 | ||
4929 | * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use: | |
4930 | ||
4931 | systemctl enable debug-shell.service | |
4932 | ||
4933 | * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth | |
4934 | package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version | |
4935 | as well. | |
4936 | ||
4937 | * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of | |
4938 | a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it | |
4939 | in all appropriate directories automatically. | |
4940 | ||
4941 | * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and | |
4942 | does the right thing. Example: | |
4943 | ||
4944 | udevadm info /dev/sda | |
4945 | udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda | |
4946 | ||
4947 | * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a | |
4948 | unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a | |
4949 | service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left | |
4950 | running. | |
4951 | ||
4952 | * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was | |
4953 | shortened due to rotation since a service has been started. | |
4954 | ||
4955 | * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the | |
4956 | "cutoff" times due to rotation. | |
4957 | ||
4958 | * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering | |
4959 | immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible, | |
4960 | resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal | |
4961 | files. | |
4962 | ||
4963 | * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to | |
4964 | be stopped that is not loaded. | |
4965 | ||
4966 | * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames. | |
4967 | ||
4968 | * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3 | |
4969 | ||
4970 | * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging | |
4971 | where the first level dirs are always kept around but | |
4972 | directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled | |
4973 | by prefixing the age field with '~'. | |
4974 | ||
4975 | * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties | |
4976 | which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the | |
4977 | display manager might be running before the graphics drivers | |
4978 | completed initialization. | |
4979 | ||
4980 | * Seat objects now expose a State property. | |
4981 | ||
4982 | * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling | |
4983 | based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based | |
4984 | distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This | |
4985 | makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across | |
4986 | distributions. | |
4987 | ||
4988 | * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is | |
4989 | always valid when services log to the journal via | |
4990 | STDOUT/STDERR. | |
4991 | ||
4992 | * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all | |
4993 | command line options we understand. | |
4994 | ||
4995 | * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing | |
4996 | fstab=0 on the kernel command line. | |
4997 | ||
4998 | * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood | |
4999 | to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot. | |
5000 | ||
5001 | * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now | |
5002 | automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or | |
5003 | device paths are specified they are automatically turned | |
5004 | into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example: | |
5005 | ||
5006 | systemctl status /home | |
5007 | systemctl status /dev/sda | |
5008 | ||
5009 | * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from | |
5010 | system.conf parsing. | |
5011 | ||
5012 | * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus | |
5013 | Manager object. | |
5014 | ||
5015 | * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing. | |
5016 | ||
5017 | * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process. | |
5018 | ||
5019 | * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now | |
5020 | comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is | |
5021 | complete. | |
5022 | ||
5023 | * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their | |
5024 | name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external | |
5025 | code. Among them fsck@.service which is now | |
5026 | systemd-fsck@.service. | |
5027 | ||
5028 | * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus | |
5029 | Manager object. | |
5030 | ||
5031 | * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now | |
5032 | work sensibly. | |
5033 | ||
5034 | * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options | |
5035 | we actually understand. | |
5036 | ||
5037 | * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass | |
5038 | additional capabilities to the container. | |
5039 | ||
5040 | * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names | |
5041 | from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list, | |
5042 | systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed. | |
5043 | ||
5044 | * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of | |
5045 | the current boot only. | |
5046 | ||
5047 | * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in | |
5048 | order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up. | |
5049 | ||
5050 | * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald | |
5051 | which allows configuration of where log data should go. This | |
5052 | also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so | |
5053 | that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the | |
5054 | kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation. | |
5055 | ||
5056 | * Many bugfixes and optimizations | |
5057 | ||
5058 | Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner, | |
5059 | David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, | |
5060 | Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel, | |
5061 | Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen | |
5062 | ||
5063 | CHANGES WITH 185: | |
5064 | ||
5065 | * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is | |
5066 | available. | |
5067 | ||
5068 | * Several new man pages have been added. | |
5069 | ||
5070 | * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, | |
5071 | MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in | |
5072 | journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of | |
5073 | data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level. | |
5074 | ||
5075 | * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for | |
5076 | PID1. This allows system-wide power savings. | |
5077 | ||
5078 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen, | |
5079 | Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou, | |
5080 | Matthias Clasen | |
5081 | ||
5082 | CHANGES WITH 184: | |
5083 | ||
5084 | * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and | |
5085 | sleep keys as well as the lid switch. | |
5086 | ||
5087 | * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl | |
5088 | /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific | |
5089 | daemon. | |
5090 | ||
5091 | * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences | |
5092 | the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel. | |
5093 | ||
5094 | Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert | |
5095 | Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers, | |
5096 | Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul | |
5097 | Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen | |
5098 | ||
5099 | CHANGES WITH 183: | |
5100 | ||
5101 | * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the | |
5102 | new version to something that is greater than both udev's | |
5103 | and systemd's most recent version number. | |
5104 | ||
5105 | * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now. | |
5106 | All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It | |
5107 | is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without | |
5108 | systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building | |
5109 | udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but | |
5110 | udev can be properly *run* without systemd. | |
5111 | ||
5112 | * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles | |
5113 | should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken | |
5114 | subsystems. | |
5115 | ||
5116 | * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is | |
5117 | no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be | |
5118 | used to subscribe to events. | |
5119 | ||
5120 | * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left | |
5121 | behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned | |
5122 | up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or | |
5123 | daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be | |
5124 | pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly | |
5125 | forked by udev rules. | |
5126 | ||
5127 | * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed | |
5128 | in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need | |
5129 | to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building | |
5130 | it. | |
5131 | ||
5132 | * libudev no longer provides these symbols: | |
5133 | udev_monitor_from_socket() | |
5134 | udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry() | |
5135 | udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path() | |
5136 | The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced. | |
5137 | ||
5138 | * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed | |
5139 | to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl. | |
5140 | ||
5141 | * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and | |
5142 | /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to | |
5143 | logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename | |
5144 | the files to the new names on upgrade. | |
5145 | ||
5146 | * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed | |
5147 | from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff | |
5148 | of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too), | |
5149 | and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable | |
5150 | to be used as drop-in files. | |
5151 | ||
5152 | * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in | |
5153 | particular suspending and hibernating. | |
5154 | ||
5155 | * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic | |
5156 | suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog | |
5157 | about this in more detail. | |
5158 | ||
5159 | * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided | |
5160 | (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new | |
5161 | places). Distributions which have not converted these | |
5162 | directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files | |
5163 | from git history and add them downstream. | |
5164 | ||
5165 | * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added | |
5166 | this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it | |
5167 | easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various | |
5168 | units. | |
5169 | ||
5170 | * All smaller setup units (such as | |
5171 | systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they | |
5172 | are run in a container and are skipped when | |
5173 | appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in | |
5174 | Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn. | |
5175 | ||
5176 | * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now | |
5177 | integrated, for details see: | |
5178 | http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates | |
5179 | ||
5180 | * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us | |
5181 | avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status | |
5182 | messages. | |
5183 | ||
5184 | * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to | |
5185 | globally reduce the set of capabilities for the | |
5186 | system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, | |
5187 | CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or | |
5188 | even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems. | |
5189 | ||
5190 | * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to | |
5191 | globally change the defaults of the various resource limits | |
5192 | for all units started by PID 1. | |
5193 | ||
5194 | * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into | |
5195 | systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu | |
5196 | and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!) | |
5197 | ||
5198 | * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside | |
5199 | of PID 1 anymore. | |
5200 | ||
5201 | * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from | |
5202 | /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that | |
5203 | have not been read by systemd yet. | |
5204 | ||
5205 | * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has | |
5206 | already been updated to make use of this. With this in place | |
5207 | initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much | |
5208 | easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in | |
5209 | the host system can be used to introspect initrd services, | |
5210 | and the journal from the initrd is kept around too. | |
5211 | ||
5212 | * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences | |
5213 | between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults. | |
5214 | ||
5215 | * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp. | |
5216 | ||
5217 | * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature | |
5218 | proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been | |
5219 | so sexy. | |
5220 | ||
5221 | * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all | |
5222 | files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching | |
5223 | is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated | |
5224 | packages which might result in changes of read-ahead | |
5225 | patterns. | |
5226 | ||
5227 | * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable | |
5228 | when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's | |
5229 | built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements | |
5230 | of necessary blocks to pre-cache. | |
5231 | ||
5232 | * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies | |
5233 | for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path. | |
5234 | ||
5235 | * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from | |
5236 | system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place | |
5237 | in systemd now. | |
5238 | ||
5239 | * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine | |
5240 | ID on the command line. | |
5241 | ||
5242 | * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search | |
5243 | for an init system. | |
5244 | ||
5245 | * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from | |
5246 | vt100. | |
5247 | ||
5248 | * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems. | |
5249 | ||
5250 | * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual | |
5251 | components now have directories of their own. | |
5252 | ||
5253 | * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available. | |
5254 | ||
5255 | * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the | |
5256 | container in other hierarchies. | |
5257 | ||
5258 | * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in | |
5259 | system.conf. | |
5260 | ||
5261 | * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API. | |
5262 | ||
5263 | * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be | |
5264 | masked and /etc/fstab can override it. | |
5265 | ||
5266 | * Since udisks does not make use of /media anymore we are not | |
5267 | mounting a tmpfs on it anymore. | |
5268 | ||
5269 | * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave | |
5270 | locally generated journal files. | |
5271 | ||
5272 | * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically. | |
5273 | ||
5274 | * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui. | |
5275 | ||
5276 | Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George, | |
5277 | Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan | |
5278 | Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal, | |
5279 | Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers, | |
5280 | Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure, | |
5281 | Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim | |
5282 | A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
5283 | Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn | |
5284 | Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom | |
5285 | Gundersen | |
5286 | ||
5287 | CHANGES WITH 44: | |
5288 | ||
5289 | * This is mostly a bugfix release | |
5290 | ||
5291 | * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the | |
5292 | KVM or container configured UUID. | |
5293 | ||
5294 | * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff" | |
5295 | ||
5296 | * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output | |
5297 | ||
5298 | * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and | |
5299 | ensuring that disk space enforcement works | |
5300 | ||
5301 | * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again | |
5302 | ||
5303 | * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian | |
5304 | folks | |
5305 | ||
5306 | * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration | |
5307 | and unit files. This is done to ensure we do not pass invalid | |
5308 | data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere. | |
5309 | ||
5310 | * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat | |
5311 | configuration | |
5312 | ||
5313 | * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race | |
5314 | free fashion | |
5315 | ||
5316 | * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always | |
5317 | overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always | |
5318 | and unconditionally override vendor-supplied or | |
5319 | automatically generated data. | |
5320 | ||
5321 | * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man | |
5322 | pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls | |
5323 | however. | |
5324 | ||
5325 | * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the | |
5326 | tarball. | |
5327 | ||
5328 | Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic | |
5329 | Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti | |
5330 | Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry | |
5331 | Reding | |
5332 | ||
5333 | CHANGES WITH 43: | |
5334 | ||
5335 | * This is mostly a bugfix release | |
5336 | ||
5337 | * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported. | |
5338 | ||
5339 | * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so | |
5340 | ||
5341 | * Track class of PAM logins to distinguish greeters from | |
5342 | normal user logins. | |
5343 | ||
5344 | Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael | |
5345 | Biebl | |
5346 | ||
5347 | CHANGES WITH 42: | |
5348 | ||
5349 | * This is an important bugfix release for v41. | |
5350 | ||
5351 | * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful | |
5352 | for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install | |
5353 | xsltproc. | |
5354 | ||
5355 | * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In | |
5356 | a future release support for hardware watchdogs | |
5357 | (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this. | |
5358 | ||
5359 | * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be | |
5360 | turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a | |
5361 | reboot can automatically be triggered. | |
5362 | ||
5363 | * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind. | |
5364 | ||
5365 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham, | |
5366 | Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal | |
5367 | Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg | |
5368 | ||
5369 | CHANGES WITH 41: | |
5370 | ||
5371 | * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now; | |
5372 | An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the | |
5373 | package update. | |
5374 | ||
5375 | * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke | |
5376 | libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not | |
5377 | support systems with module-init-tools anymore. | |
5378 | ||
5379 | * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not | |
5380 | complete. | |
5381 | ||
5382 | * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is | |
5383 | understood to set system wide environment variables | |
5384 | dynamically at boot. | |
5385 | ||
5386 | * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald. | |
5387 | ||
5388 | * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is | |
5389 | useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general | |
5390 | code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit | |
5391 | files. | |
5392 | ||
5393 | Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
5394 | Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen, | |
5395 | William Douglas | |
5396 | ||
5397 | CHANGES WITH 40: | |
5398 | ||
5399 | * This is mostly a bugfix release | |
5400 | ||
5401 | * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the | |
5402 | "Result" D-Bus property. | |
5403 | ||
5404 | * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over | |
5405 | the next few releases.) | |
5406 | ||
5407 | * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will | |
5408 | now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process | |
5409 | it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window | |
5410 | with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful | |
5411 | ||
5412 | Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay | |
5413 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, | |
5414 | Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode | |
5415 | ||
5416 | CHANGES WITH 39: | |
5417 | ||
5418 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many | |
5419 | bugfixes. | |
5420 | ||
5421 | * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their | |
5422 | resource usage. | |
5423 | ||
5424 | * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If | |
5425 | disabled, support tracking device access for active logins | |
5426 | goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user | |
5427 | journals by the respective users. | |
5428 | ||
5429 | * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically | |
5430 | owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access | |
5431 | to the system journal as well as all user journals. | |
5432 | ||
5433 | * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging | |
5434 | client for all entries. | |
5435 | ||
5436 | * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers | |
5437 | ||
5438 | * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text | |
5439 | messages, without any meta data like date or time. | |
5440 | ||
5441 | * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to | |
5442 | teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display | |
5443 | managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg | |
5444 | learned native udev hotplugging for display devices. | |
5445 | ||
5446 | * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs | |
5447 | with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as | |
5448 | BSD logger replacement, and does so by default. | |
5449 | ||
5450 | * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the | |
5451 | journal along with meta data. | |
5452 | ||
5453 | * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for | |
5454 | writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for | |
5455 | creating symlinks, character and block device nodes. | |
5456 | ||
5457 | * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups | |
5458 | persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in | |
5459 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups | |
5460 | ||
5461 | * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way | |
5462 | ||
5463 | * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on | |
5464 | rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to | |
5465 | death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid, | |
5466 | or fsck. | |
5467 | ||
5468 | * Do not show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless | |
5469 | requested with new -k switch. | |
5470 | ||
5471 | Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart | |
5472 | Poettering, Michal Schmidt | |
5473 | ||
5474 | CHANGES WITH 38: | |
5475 | ||
5476 | * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many | |
5477 | bugfixes. | |
5478 | ||
5479 | * The git repository moved to: | |
5480 | git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd | |
5481 | ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd | |
5482 | ||
5483 | * First release with the journal | |
5484 | http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html | |
5485 | ||
5486 | * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and | |
5487 | systemd-stdout-bridge. | |
5488 | ||
5489 | * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind | |
5490 | ||
5491 | * Many systemadm clean-ups | |
5492 | ||
5493 | * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all | |
5494 | remote mounts and may be used to start services before all | |
5495 | remote mounts. | |
5496 | ||
5497 | * Added Mageia support | |
5498 | ||
5499 | * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl | |
5500 | ||
5501 | * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in | |
5502 | the parent process before having finished writing the PID | |
5503 | file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be | |
5504 | fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the | |
5505 | parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them. | |
5506 | ||
5507 | * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output | |
5508 | of existing distributions. | |
5509 | ||
5510 | * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for | |
5511 | compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage. | |
5512 | ||
5513 | * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and | |
5514 | thus will no longer act as synchronization point during | |
5515 | boot. | |
5516 | ||
5517 | * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=. | |
5518 | ||
5519 | * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for | |
5520 | relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is | |
5521 | useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys, | |
5522 | among other things. | |
5523 | ||
5524 | * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console | |
5525 | and the journal by default, not only just the console. | |
5526 | ||
5527 | * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login. | |
5528 | ||
5529 | * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a | |
5530 | lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically | |
5531 | select the components of systemd they are interested in. | |
5532 | ||
5533 | * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is | |
5534 | restored. | |
5535 | ||
5536 | * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to | |
5537 | --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and | |
5538 | kmod | |
5539 | ||
5540 | * Unless specified otherwise we will now install to /usr instead | |
5541 | of /usr/local by default. | |
5542 | ||
5543 | * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the | |
5544 | final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained | |
5545 | in: | |
5546 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons | |
5547 | ||
5548 | * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter | |
5549 | the START or START_PRE states are now killed with | |
5550 | SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn | |
5551 | background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never | |
5552 | supported anyway, and bad style). | |
5553 | ||
5554 | * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind | |
5555 | reloading of units together. | |
5556 | ||
5557 | Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave | |
5558 | Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay | |
5559 | Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt, | |
5560 | Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef | |
5561 | Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek |