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1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> | |
2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" | |
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
4 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ --> | |
5 | ||
6 | <refentry id="systemd-escape" | |
7 | xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> | |
8 | ||
9 | <refentryinfo> | |
10 | <title>systemd-escape</title> | |
11 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
12 | </refentryinfo> | |
13 | ||
14 | <refmeta> | |
15 | <refentrytitle>systemd-escape</refentrytitle> | |
16 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> | |
17 | </refmeta> | |
18 | ||
19 | <refnamediv> | |
20 | <refname>systemd-escape</refname> | |
21 | <refpurpose>Escape strings for usage in systemd unit names</refpurpose> | |
22 | </refnamediv> | |
23 | ||
24 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
25 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
26 | <command>systemd-escape</command> | |
27 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
28 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">STRING</arg> | |
29 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
30 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
31 | ||
32 | <refsect1> | |
33 | <title>Description</title> | |
34 | ||
35 | <para><command>systemd-escape</command> may be used to escape | |
36 | strings for inclusion in systemd unit names. The command may be | |
37 | used to escape and to undo escaping of strings.</para> | |
38 | ||
39 | <para>The command takes any number of strings on the command line, | |
40 | and will process them individually, one after another. It will | |
41 | output them separated by spaces to stdout.</para> | |
42 | ||
43 | <para>By default, this command will escape the strings passed, | |
44 | unless <option>--unescape</option> is passed which results in the | |
45 | inverse operation being applied. If <option>--mangle</option> is given, a | |
46 | special mode of escaping is applied instead, which assumes the | |
47 | string is already escaped but will escape everything that | |
48 | appears obviously non-escaped.</para> | |
49 | ||
50 | <para>For details on the escaping and unescaping algorithms see the relevant section in | |
51 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
52 | </refsect1> | |
53 | ||
54 | <refsect1> | |
55 | <title>Options</title> | |
56 | ||
57 | <para>The following options are understood:</para> | |
58 | ||
59 | <variablelist> | |
60 | <varlistentry> | |
61 | <term><option>--suffix=</option></term> | |
62 | ||
63 | <listitem><para>Appends the specified unit type suffix to the | |
64 | escaped string. Takes one of the unit types supported by | |
65 | systemd, such as <literal>service</literal> or | |
66 | <literal>mount</literal>. May not be used in conjunction with | |
67 | <option>--template=</option>, <option>--unescape</option> or | |
68 | <option>--mangle</option>.</para></listitem> | |
69 | </varlistentry> | |
70 | ||
71 | <varlistentry> | |
72 | <term><option>--template=</option></term> | |
73 | ||
74 | <listitem><para>Inserts the escaped strings in a unit name | |
75 | template. Takes a unit name template such as | |
76 | <filename>foobar@.service</filename>. With | |
77 | <option>--unescape</option>, expects instantiated unit names | |
78 | for this template and extracts and unescapes just the instance | |
79 | part. May not be used in conjunction with | |
80 | <option>--suffix=</option>, | |
81 | <option>--instance</option> or | |
82 | <option>--mangle</option>.</para></listitem> | |
83 | </varlistentry> | |
84 | ||
85 | <varlistentry> | |
86 | <term><option>--path</option></term> | |
87 | <term><option>-p</option></term> | |
88 | ||
89 | <listitem><para>When escaping or unescaping a string, assume it refers to a file system path. This eliminates | |
90 | leading, trailing or duplicate <literal>/</literal> characters and rejects <literal>.</literal> and | |
91 | <literal>..</literal> path components. This is particularly useful for generating strings suitable for | |
92 | unescaping with the <literal>%f</literal> specifier in unit files, see | |
93 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
94 | </para></listitem> | |
95 | </varlistentry> | |
96 | ||
97 | <varlistentry> | |
98 | <term><option>--unescape</option></term> | |
99 | <term><option>-u</option></term> | |
100 | ||
101 | <listitem><para>Instead of escaping the specified strings, | |
102 | undo the escaping, reversing the operation. May not be used in | |
103 | conjunction with <option>--suffix=</option> or | |
104 | <option>--mangle</option>.</para></listitem> | |
105 | </varlistentry> | |
106 | ||
107 | <varlistentry> | |
108 | <term><option>--mangle</option></term> | |
109 | <term><option>-m</option></term> | |
110 | ||
111 | <listitem><para>Like <option>--escape</option>, but only | |
112 | escape characters that are obviously not escaped yet, and | |
113 | possibly automatically append an appropriate unit type suffix | |
114 | to the string. May not be used in conjunction with | |
115 | <option>--suffix=</option>, <option>--template=</option> or | |
116 | <option>--unescape</option>.</para></listitem> | |
117 | </varlistentry> | |
118 | ||
119 | <varlistentry> | |
120 | <term><option>--instance</option></term> | |
121 | ||
122 | <listitem><para>With <option>--unescape</option>, unescape | |
123 | and print only the instance part of an instantiated unit name | |
124 | template. Results in an error for an uninstantiated template | |
125 | like <filename>ssh@.service</filename> or a non-template name | |
126 | like <filename>ssh.service</filename>. | |
127 | Must be used in conjunction with <option>--unescape</option> | |
128 | and may not be used in conjunction with | |
129 | <option>--template</option>.</para></listitem> | |
130 | </varlistentry> | |
131 | ||
132 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> | |
133 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> | |
134 | </variablelist> | |
135 | ||
136 | </refsect1> | |
137 | ||
138 | <refsect1> | |
139 | <title>Examples</title> | |
140 | ||
141 | <para>To escape a single string:</para> | |
142 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape 'Hallöchen, Meister' | |
143 | Hall\xc3\xb6chen\x2c\x20Meister</programlisting> | |
144 | ||
145 | <para>To undo escaping on a single string:</para> | |
146 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape -u 'Hall\xc3\xb6chen\x2c\x20Meister' | |
147 | Hallöchen, Meister</programlisting> | |
148 | ||
149 | <para>To generate the mount unit for a path:</para> | |
150 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape -p --suffix=mount "/tmp//waldi/foobar/" | |
151 | tmp-waldi-foobar.mount</programlisting> | |
152 | ||
153 | <para>To generate instance names of three strings:</para> | |
154 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape --template=systemd-nspawn@.service 'My Container 1' 'containerb' 'container/III' | |
155 | systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service systemd-nspawn@containerb.service systemd-nspawn@container-III.service</programlisting> | |
156 | ||
157 | <para>To extract the instance part of an instantiated unit:</para> | |
158 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape -u --instance 'systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service' | |
159 | My Container 1</programlisting> | |
160 | ||
161 | <para>To extract the instance part of an instance of a particular template:</para> | |
162 | <programlisting>$ systemd-escape -u --template=systemd-nspawn@.service 'systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service' | |
163 | My Container 1</programlisting> | |
164 | </refsect1> | |
165 | ||
166 | <refsect1> | |
167 | <title>Exit status</title> | |
168 | ||
169 | <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code | |
170 | otherwise.</para> | |
171 | </refsect1> | |
172 | ||
173 | <refsect1> | |
174 | <title>See Also</title> | |
175 | <para> | |
176 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
177 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
178 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
179 | </para> | |
180 | </refsect1> | |
181 | ||
182 | </refentry> |