4 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
5 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
6 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
7 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
8 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
9 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
10 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
11 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
12 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
19 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
20 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
21 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
22 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
23 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
24 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
25 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
26 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
27 in conjuction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
28 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
29 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
30 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
32 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
33 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
34 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
35 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
36 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
37 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
38 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
39 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
40 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
43 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
44 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
45 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
52 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
53 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
54 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
55 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
56 are required any more.
58 - added support of DPD restart mode
60 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
61 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
62 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
64 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
65 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
71 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
72 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
74 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
75 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
76 via the auth=ah parameter.
78 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
79 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
81 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
82 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
83 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
84 the ipsec status command.
90 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
91 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
92 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
94 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
95 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
96 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
98 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
99 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
101 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
102 rightid="UN=John Doe"
104 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
105 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
106 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
113 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
115 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
117 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
118 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
119 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
121 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
122 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
125 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
126 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
132 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
133 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
134 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
140 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
141 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
142 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
143 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
144 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
145 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
146 accelerated tremedously.
148 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
149 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
150 reload pluto's connections.
152 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
153 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
154 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
156 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
158 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
160 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
161 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
168 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
169 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
176 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
177 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
178 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
179 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
181 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
182 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
183 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
184 has been changed from one year to five years.
190 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
191 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
192 via the whack interface. Notation:
194 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
195 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
196 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
199 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
200 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
201 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
204 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
206 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
207 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
208 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
209 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
212 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
213 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
214 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
215 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
216 is automatically generated by calling the function
218 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
220 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
221 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
227 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
228 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
229 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
230 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
232 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
233 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
239 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
240 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
241 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
242 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
243 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
245 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
247 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
248 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
249 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
252 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
253 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
254 attribute for AES encryption.
256 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
258 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
264 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
265 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
266 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
267 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
268 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
270 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
271 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
272 multiple connections between two security gateways.
278 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
279 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
280 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
281 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
282 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
283 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
284 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
285 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
287 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
288 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
291 ipsec auto --listcards
293 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
294 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
295 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
296 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
298 %smartcard (selects object #1)
299 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
300 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
302 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
304 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
305 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
306 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
308 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
309 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
310 to generate a signature.
312 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
313 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
314 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
315 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
316 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
318 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
319 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
321 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
322 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
323 towards the release of the SCEP client.
329 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
330 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
331 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
332 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
333 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
334 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
336 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
337 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
338 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
339 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
340 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
341 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
343 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
344 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
345 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
351 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
353 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
359 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
360 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
362 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
364 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
365 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
366 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
368 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
369 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
376 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
377 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
380 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
381 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
382 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
383 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
384 pad has to be done only once.
386 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
387 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
388 to be used with smart cards. Example:
390 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
392 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
394 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
395 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
397 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
398 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
399 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
401 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
402 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
403 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
409 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
410 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
411 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
412 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
419 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
421 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
428 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
429 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
430 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
431 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
432 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
433 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
434 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
436 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
437 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
438 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
439 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
440 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
442 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
443 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
444 in a particular test.
450 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
451 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
453 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
455 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
456 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
459 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
460 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
461 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
462 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
468 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
470 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
471 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
473 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
476 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
477 maximum udp size patches.
479 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
485 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
486 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
487 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
488 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
491 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
492 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
493 using the openac facility. For more details see
497 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
498 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
499 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
501 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
503 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
504 Research or Sales, only.
506 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
507 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
508 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
509 Secure Entry Clients.
511 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
512 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
513 now both set to 24 h.
515 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
516 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
518 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
519 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
520 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
522 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
528 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
529 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
530 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
531 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
533 - Fixed a bug occuring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
534 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
535 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
537 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
539 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
540 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
546 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
547 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
549 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occuring when the strict flag
550 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
552 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
553 occuring when a smartcard is present.
555 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
557 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
559 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
565 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
569 activates DPD for the given connection.
571 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
572 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
573 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
575 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
577 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
579 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
580 using the compile option VENDORID
582 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
584 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
586 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
588 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
589 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
591 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
593 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
600 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
601 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
602 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
603 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
604 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
606 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
607 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
613 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
614 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
615 an optional connection selector:
617 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
619 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
622 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
623 of malformed distinguished names.
625 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
627 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
629 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
635 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
636 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
642 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
643 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
644 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
650 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
656 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
659 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
660 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
661 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
662 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
663 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
664 auto=add # add, ignore
666 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
668 ipsec auto --listcainfos
670 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
671 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
677 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
678 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
680 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
681 during kernel compilation
683 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
684 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
686 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
687 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
688 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
694 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
695 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
696 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
697 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
699 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
700 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
706 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12