6 git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object
12 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...]
13 'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
14 [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
19 This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly. See
20 linkgit:git-commit[1] instead.
22 Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and
23 emits the new commit object id on stdout. The log message is read
24 from the standard input, unless `-m` or `-F` options are given.
26 The `-m` and `-F` options can be given any number of times, in any
27 order. The commit log message will be composed in the order in which
28 the options are given.
30 A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one
31 parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes
32 the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root)
33 commits have no parents.
35 While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
36 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
39 Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
40 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
41 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
42 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
48 An existing tree object.
51 Each `-p` indicates the id of a parent commit object.
54 A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than
55 once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.
58 Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
59 from the standard input. This can be given more than once and the
60 content of each file becomes its own paragraph.
63 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
64 GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
65 defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
66 stuck to the option without a space.
69 Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a `--gpg-sign` option
70 given earlier on the command line.
76 A commit encapsulates:
78 - all parent object ids
79 - author name, email and date
80 - committer name and email and the commit time.
82 While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and
83 committer information is taken from the following environment variables,
93 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
95 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
96 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
97 present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
98 system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
99 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
100 that file does not exist).
102 A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
103 entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait
104 for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
106 include::date-formats.txt[]
119 linkgit:git-write-tree[1]
123 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite