Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt

   1 git-for-each-ref(1)
   2 ===================
   3
   4 NAME
   5 ----
   6 git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref
   7
   8 SYNOPSIS
   9 --------
  10 'git-for-each-ref' [--count=<count>]\* [--shell|--perl|--python] [--sort=<key>]\* [--format=<format>] [<pattern>]
  11
  12 DESCRIPTION
  13 -----------
  14
  15 Iterate over all refs that match `<pattern>` and show them
  16 according to the given `<format>`, after sorting them according
  17 to the given set of `<key>`.  If `<max>` is given, stop after
  18 showing that many refs.  The interpolated values in `<format>`
  19 can optionally be quoted as string literals in the specified
  20 host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.
  21
  22 OPTIONS
  23 -------
  24 <count>::
  25         By default the command shows all refs that match
  26         `<pattern>`.  This option makes it stop after showing
  27         that many refs.
  28
  29 <key>::
  30         A field name to sort on.  Prefix `-` to sort in
  31         descending order of the value.  When unspecified,
  32         `refname` is used.  More than one sort keys can be
  33         given.
  34
  35 <format>::
  36         A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from the
  37         object pointed at by a ref being shown.  If `fieldname`
  38         is prefixed with an asterisk (`*`) and the ref points
  39         at a tag object, the value for the field in the object
  40         tag refers is used.  When unspecified, defaults to
  41         `%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)`.
  42         It also interpolates `%%` to `%`, and `%xx` where `xx`
  43         are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
  44         `xx`; for example `%00` interpolates to `\0` (NUL),
  45         `%09` to `\t` (TAB) and `%0a` to `\n` (LF).
  46
  47 <pattern>::
  48         If given, the name of the ref is matched against this
  49         using fnmatch(3).  Refs that do not match the pattern
  50         are not shown.
  51
  52 --shell, --perl, --python::
  53         If given, strings that substitute `%(fieldname)`
  54         placeholders are quoted as string literals suitable for
  55         the specified host language.  This is meant to produce
  56         a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
  57
  58
  59 FIELD NAMES
  60 -----------
  61
  62 Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can
  63 be used to interpolate into the resulting output, or as sort
  64 keys.
  65
  66 For all objects, the following names can be used:
  67
  68 refname::
  69         The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/refs/).
  70
  71 objecttype::
  72         The type of the object (`blob`, `tree`, `commit`, `tag`).
  73
  74 objectsize::
  75         The size of the object (the same as `git-cat-file -s` reports).
  76
  77 objectname::
  78         The object name (aka SHA-1).
  79
  80 In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
  81 field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can
  82 be used to specify the value in the header field.
  83
  84 Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`,
  85 `committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`,
  86 and `date` to extract the named component.
  87
  88 The first line of the message in a commit and tag object is
  89 `subject`, the remaining lines are `body`.  The whole message
  90 is `contents`.
  91
  92 For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
  93 order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
  94 All other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.
  95
  96 In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to
  97 the object referred by the ref does not cause an error.  It
  98 returns an empty string instead.
  99
 100
 101 EXAMPLES
 102 --------
 103
 104 An example directly producing formatted text.  Show the most recent
 105 3 tagged commits::
 106
 107 ------------
 108 #!/bin/sh
 109
 110 git-for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
 111 --format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
 112 Subject: %(*subject)
 113 Date: %(*authordate)
 114 Ref: %(*refname)
 115
 116 %(*body)
 117 ' 'refs/tags'
 118 ------------
 119
 120
 121 A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output,
 122 demonstrating the use of --shell.  List the prefixes of all heads::
 123 ------------
 124 #!/bin/sh
 125
 126 git-for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
 127 while read entry
 128 do
 129         eval "$entry"
 130         echo `dirname $ref`
 131 done
 132 ------------
 133
 134
 135 A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format
 136 may be an entire script::
 137 ------------
 138 #!/bin/sh
 139
 140 fmt='
 141         r=%(refname)
 142         t=%(*objecttype)
 143         T=${r#refs/tags/}
 144
 145         o=%(*objectname)
 146         n=%(*authorname)
 147         e=%(*authoremail)
 148         s=%(*subject)
 149         d=%(*authordate)
 150         b=%(*body)
 151
 152         kind=Tag
 153         if test "z$t" = z
 154         then
 155                 # could be a lightweight tag
 156                 t=%(objecttype)
 157                 kind="Lightweight tag"
 158                 o=%(objectname)
 159                 n=%(authorname)
 160                 e=%(authoremail)
 161                 s=%(subject)
 162                 d=%(authordate)
 163                 b=%(body)
 164         fi
 165         echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
 166         if test "z$t" = zcommit
 167         then
 168                 echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
 169 at $d, and titled
 170
 171     $s
 172
 173 Its message reads as:
 174 "
 175                 echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/    /"
 176                 echo
 177         fi
 178 '
 179
 180 eval=`git-for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
 181         --sort='*objecttype' \
 182         --sort=-taggerdate \
 183         refs/tags`
 184 eval "$eval"
 185 ------------