Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt

   1 git-for-each-ref(1)
   2 ===================
   3
   4 NAME
   5 ----
   6 git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref
   7
   8 SYNOPSIS
   9 --------
  10 [verse]
  11 'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
  12                    [--sort=<key>]\* [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
  13
  14 DESCRIPTION
  15 -----------
  16
  17 Iterate over all refs that match `<pattern>` and show them
  18 according to the given `<format>`, after sorting them according
  19 to the given set of `<key>`.  If `<count>` is given, stop after
  20 showing that many refs.  The interpolated values in `<format>`
  21 can optionally be quoted as string literals in the specified
  22 host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.
  23
  24 OPTIONS
  25 -------
  26 <count>::
  27         By default the command shows all refs that match
  28         `<pattern>`.  This option makes it stop after showing
  29         that many refs.
  30
  31 <key>::
  32         A field name to sort on.  Prefix `-` to sort in
  33         descending order of the value.  When unspecified,
  34         `refname` is used.  You may use the --sort=<key> option
  35         multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
  36         key.
  37
  38 <format>::
  39         A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from the
  40         object pointed at by a ref being shown.  If `fieldname`
  41         is prefixed with an asterisk (`*`) and the ref points
  42         at a tag object, the value for the field in the object
  43         tag refers is used.  When unspecified, defaults to
  44         `%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)`.
  45         It also interpolates `%%` to `%`, and `%xx` where `xx`
  46         are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
  47         `xx`; for example `%00` interpolates to `\0` (NUL),
  48         `%09` to `\t` (TAB) and `%0a` to `\n` (LF).
  49
  50 <pattern>...::
  51         If one or more patterns are given, only refs are shown that
  52         match against at least one pattern, either using fnmatch(3) or
  53         literally, in the latter case matching completely or from the
  54         beginning up to a slash.
  55
  56 --shell::
  57 --perl::
  58 --python::
  59 --tcl::
  60         If given, strings that substitute `%(fieldname)`
  61         placeholders are quoted as string literals suitable for
  62         the specified host language.  This is meant to produce
  63         a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
  64
  65
  66 FIELD NAMES
  67 -----------
  68
  69 Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can
  70 be used to interpolate into the resulting output, or as sort
  71 keys.
  72
  73 For all objects, the following names can be used:
  74
  75 refname::
  76         The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/).
  77         For a non-ambiguous short name of the ref append `:short`.
  78         The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
  79         abbreviation mode.
  80
  81 objecttype::
  82         The type of the object (`blob`, `tree`, `commit`, `tag`).
  83
  84 objectsize::
  85         The size of the object (the same as 'git-cat-file -s' reports).
  86
  87 objectname::
  88         The object name (aka SHA-1).
  89
  90 upstream::
  91         The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream''
  92         from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as
  93         `refname` above.
  94
  95 In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
  96 field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can
  97 be used to specify the value in the header field.
  98
  99 Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`,
 100 `committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`,
 101 and `date` to extract the named component.
 102
 103 The first line of the message in a commit and tag object is
 104 `subject`, the remaining lines are `body`.  The whole message
 105 is `contents`.
 106
 107 For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
 108 order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
 109 All other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.
 110
 111 In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to
 112 the object referred by the ref does not cause an error.  It
 113 returns an empty string instead.
 114
 115 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
 116 the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
 117 `:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
 118 `%(taggerdate:relative)`.
 119
 120
 121 EXAMPLES
 122 --------
 123
 124 An example directly producing formatted text.  Show the most recent
 125 3 tagged commits::
 126
 127 ------------
 128 #!/bin/sh
 129
 130 git for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
 131 --format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
 132 Subject: %(*subject)
 133 Date: %(*authordate)
 134 Ref: %(*refname)
 135
 136 %(*body)
 137 ' 'refs/tags'
 138 ------------
 139
 140
 141 A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output,
 142 demonstrating the use of --shell.  List the prefixes of all heads::
 143 ------------
 144 #!/bin/sh
 145
 146 git for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
 147 while read entry
 148 do
 149         eval "$entry"
 150         echo `dirname $ref`
 151 done
 152 ------------
 153
 154
 155 A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format
 156 may be an entire script::
 157 ------------
 158 #!/bin/sh
 159
 160 fmt='
 161         r=%(refname)
 162         t=%(*objecttype)
 163         T=${r#refs/tags/}
 164
 165         o=%(*objectname)
 166         n=%(*authorname)
 167         e=%(*authoremail)
 168         s=%(*subject)
 169         d=%(*authordate)
 170         b=%(*body)
 171
 172         kind=Tag
 173         if test "z$t" = z
 174         then
 175                 # could be a lightweight tag
 176                 t=%(objecttype)
 177                 kind="Lightweight tag"
 178                 o=%(objectname)
 179                 n=%(authorname)
 180                 e=%(authoremail)
 181                 s=%(subject)
 182                 d=%(authordate)
 183                 b=%(body)
 184         fi
 185         echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
 186         if test "z$t" = zcommit
 187         then
 188                 echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
 189 at $d, and titled
 190
 191     $s
 192
 193 Its message reads as:
 194 "
 195                 echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/    /"
 196                 echo
 197         fi
 198 '
 199
 200 eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
 201         --sort='*objecttype' \
 202         --sort=-taggerdate \
 203         refs/tags`
 204 eval "$eval"
 205 ------------