6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
19 include::rev-list-description.txt[]
21 The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
22 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
23 the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
24 each commit introduces are shown.
31 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
32 (works only for a single file).
35 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
36 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
37 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
38 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
39 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
40 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
41 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
42 shown. The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`.
43 Default to configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured,
46 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
47 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
48 For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it
49 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
50 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
51 `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
52 the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
53 override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
55 If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are
56 used as decoration if they match `HEAD`, `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`,
57 `refs/stash/`, or `refs/tags/`.
60 When specified, this option clears all previous `--decorate-refs`
61 or `--decorate-refs-exclude` options and relaxes the default
62 decoration filter to include all references. This option is
63 assumed if the config value `log.initialDecorationSet` is set to
67 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
72 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
73 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
74 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
77 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
78 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
79 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
80 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
81 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
83 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
84 produced by `--stat`, etc.
87 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
88 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
89 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
90 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
92 include::line-range-options.txt[]
95 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
96 <revision-range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
97 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
98 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
99 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
100 ways to spell <revision-range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
101 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
104 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
105 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
106 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
109 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
110 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
112 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
114 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
119 By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
120 below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
122 Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
123 `-m`, `-c`, and `--cc` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
124 will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
125 selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
126 is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
130 :diff-merges-default: `off`
131 include::diff-options.txt[]
133 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
137 `git log --no-merges`::
139 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
141 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
143 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
144 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
146 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
148 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
149 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
152 `git log --name-status release..test`::
154 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
155 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
156 each commit modifies.
158 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
160 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
161 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
164 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
166 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
167 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
170 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
172 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
173 repository master branches.
175 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
177 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
178 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
179 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
180 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
181 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
183 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
185 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
190 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
200 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
201 for settings related to diff generation.
204 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
205 Defaults to `medium`.
207 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
208 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
209 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
212 include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.txt[]
214 include::config/log.txt[]
216 include::config/notes.txt[]
220 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite