4 - The new ipseckey plugin enables authentication based on trustworthy public
5 keys stored as IPSECKEY resource records in the DNS and protected by DNSSEC.
6 To do so it uses a DNSSEC enabled resolver, like the one provided by the new
7 unbound plugin, which is based on libldns and libunbound. Both plugins were
8 created by Reto Guadagnini.
10 - Implemented the TCG TNC IF-IMV 1.4 draft making access requestor identities
11 available to an IMV. The OS IMV stores the AR identity together with the
12 device ID in the attest database.
14 - The openssl plugin now uses the AES-NI accelerated version of AES-GCM
15 if the hardware supports it.
17 - The eap-radius plugin can now assign virtual IPs to IKE clients using the
18 Framed-IP-Address attribute by using the "%radius" named pool in the
19 rightsourceip ipsec.conf option. Cisco Banner attributes are forwarded to
20 Unity-capable IKEv1 clients during mode config. charon now sends Interim
21 Accounting updates if requested by the RADIUS server, reports
22 sent/received packets in Accounting messages, and adds a Terminate-Cause
25 - The recently introduced "ipsec listcounters" command can report connection
26 specific counters by passing a connection name, and global or connection
27 counters can be reset by the "ipsec resetcounters" command.
29 - The strongSwan libpttls library provides an experimental implementation of
30 PT-TLS (RFC 6876), a Posture Transport Protocol over TLS.
32 - The charon systime-fix plugin can disable certificate lifetime checks on
33 embedded systems if the system time is obviously out of sync after bootup.
34 Certificates lifetimes get checked once the system time gets sane, closing
35 or reauthenticating connections using expired certificates.
37 - The "ikedscp" ipsec.conf option can set DiffServ code points on outgoing
40 - The new xauth-noauth plugin allows to use basic RSA or PSK authentication with
41 clients that cannot be configured without XAuth authentication. The plugin
42 simply concludes the XAuth exchange successfully without actually performing
43 any authentication. Therefore, to use this backend it has to be selected
44 explicitly with rightauth2=xauth-noauth.
46 - The new charon-tkm IKEv2 daemon delegates security critical operations to a
47 separate process. This has the benefit that the network facing daemon has no
48 knowledge of keying material used to protect child SAs. Thus subverting
49 charon-tkm does not result in the compromise of cryptographic keys.
50 The extracted functionality has been implemented from scratch in a minimal TCB
51 (trusted computing base) in the Ada programming language. Further information
52 can be found at http://www.codelabs.ch/tkm/.
57 - Implemented all IETF Standard PA-TNC attributes and an OS IMC/IMV
58 pair using them to transfer operating system information.
60 - The new "ipsec listcounters" command prints a list of global counter values
61 about received and sent IKE messages and rekeyings.
63 - A new lookip plugin can perform fast lookup of tunnel information using a
64 clients virtual IP and can send notifications about established or deleted
65 tunnels. The "ipsec lookip" command can be used to query such information
66 or receive notifications.
68 - The new error-notify plugin catches some common error conditions and allows
69 an external application to receive notifications for them over a UNIX socket.
71 - IKE proposals can now use a PRF algorithm different to that defined for
72 integrity protection. If an algorithm with a "prf" prefix is defined
73 explicitly (such as prfsha1 or prfsha256), no implicit PRF algorithm based on
74 the integrity algorithm is added to the proposal.
76 - The pkcs11 plugin can now load leftcert certificates from a smartcard for a
77 specific ipsec.conf conn section and cacert CA certificates for a specific ca
80 - The load-tester plugin gained additional options for certificate generation
81 and can load keys and multiple CA certificates from external files. It can
82 install a dedicated outer IP address for each tunnel and tunnel initiation
83 batches can be triggered and monitored externally using the
84 "ipsec load-tester" tool.
86 - PKCS#7 container parsing has been modularized, and the openssl plugin
87 gained an alternative implementation to decrypt and verify such files.
88 In contrast to our own DER parser, OpenSSL can handle BER files, which is
89 required for interoperability of our scepclient with EJBCA.
91 - Support for the proprietary IKEv1 fragmentation extension has been added.
92 Fragments are always handled on receipt but only sent if supported by the peer
93 and if enabled with the new fragmentation ipsec.conf option.
95 - IKEv1 in charon can now parse certificates received in PKCS#7 containers and
96 supports NAT traversal as used by Windows clients. Patches courtesy of
99 - The new rdrand plugin provides a high quality / high performance random
100 source using the Intel rdrand instruction found on Ivy Bridge processors.
102 - The integration test environment was updated and now uses KVM and reproducible
103 guest images based on Debian.
109 - Introduced the sending of the standard IETF Assessment Result
110 PA-TNC attribute by all strongSwan Integrity Measurement Verifiers.
112 - Extended PTS Attestation IMC/IMV pair to provide full evidence of
113 the Linux IMA measurement process. All pertinent file information
114 of a Linux OS can be collected and stored in an SQL database.
116 - The PA-TNC and PB-TNC protocols can now process huge data payloads
117 >64 kB by distributing PA-TNC attributes over multiple PA-TNC messages
118 and these messages over several PB-TNC batches. As long as no
119 consolidated recommandation from all IMVs can be obtained, the TNC
120 server requests more client data by sending an empty SDATA batch.
122 - The rightgroups2 ipsec.conf option can require group membership during
123 a second authentication round, for example during XAuth authentication
124 against a RADIUS server.
126 - The xauth-pam backend can authenticate IKEv1 XAuth and Hybrid authenticated
127 clients against any PAM service. The IKEv2 eap-gtc plugin does not use
128 PAM directly anymore, but can use any XAuth backend to verify credentials,
131 - The new unity plugin brings support for some parts of the IKEv1 Cisco Unity
132 Extension. As client, charon narrows traffic selectors to the received
133 Split-Include attributes and automatically installs IPsec bypass policies
134 for received Local-LAN attributes. As server, charon sends Split-Include
135 attributes for leftsubnet definitions containing multiple subnets to Unity-
138 - An EAP-Nak payload is returned by clients if the gateway requests an EAP
139 method that the client does not support. Clients can also request a specific
140 EAP method by configuring that method with leftauth.
142 - The eap-dynamic plugin handles EAP-Nak payloads returned by clients and uses
143 these to select a different EAP method supported/requested by the client.
144 The plugin initially requests the first registered method or the first method
145 configured with charon.plugins.eap-dynamic.preferred.
147 - The new left/rightdns options specify connection specific DNS servers to
148 request/respond in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv2 mode config. leftdns
149 can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4 and %config6 to request
150 multiple servers, both for IPv4 and IPv6. rightdns takes a list of DNS server
151 IP addresses to return.
153 - The left/rightsourceip options now accept multiple addresses or pools.
154 leftsourceip can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4, %config6
155 or fixed IP addresses to request. rightsourceip accepts multiple explicitly
156 specified or referenced named pools.
158 - Multiple connections can now share a single address pool when they use the
159 same definition in one of the rightsourceip pools.
161 - The options charon.interfaces_ignore and charon.interfaces_use allow one to
162 configure the network interfaces used by the daemon.
164 - The kernel-netlink plugin supports the charon.install_virtual_ip_on option,
165 which specifies the interface on which virtual IP addresses will be installed.
166 If it is not specified the current behavior of using the outbound interface
169 - The kernel-netlink plugin tries to keep the current source address when
170 looking for valid routes to reach other hosts.
172 - The autotools build has been migrated to use a config.h header. strongSwan
173 development headers will get installed during "make install" if
174 --with-dev-headers has been passed to ./configure.
176 - All crypto primitives gained return values for most operations, allowing
177 crypto backends to fail, for example when using hardware accelerators.
183 - The charon IKE daemon gained experimental support for the IKEv1 protocol.
184 Pluto has been removed from the 5.x series, and unless strongSwan is
185 configured with --disable-ikev1 or --disable-ikev2, charon handles both
186 keying protocols. The feature-set of IKEv1 in charon is almost on par with
187 pluto, but currently does not support AH or bundled AH+ESP SAs. Beside
188 RSA/ECDSA, PSK and XAuth, charon also supports the Hybrid authentication
189 mode. Informations for interoperability and migration is available at
190 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/CharonPlutoIKEv1.
192 - Charon's bus_t has been refactored so that loggers and other listeners are
193 now handled separately. The single lock was previously cause for deadlocks
194 if extensive listeners, such as the one provided by the updown plugin, wanted
195 to acquire locks that were held by other threads which in turn tried to log
196 messages, and thus were waiting to acquire the same lock currently held by
197 the thread calling the listener.
198 The implemented changes also allow the use of a read/write-lock for the
199 loggers which increases performance if multiple loggers are registered.
200 Besides several interface changes this last bit also changes the semantics
201 for loggers as these may now be called by multiple threads at the same time.
203 - Source routes are reinstalled if interfaces are reactivated or IP addresses
206 - The thread pool (processor_t) now has more control over the lifecycle of
207 a job (see job.h for details). In particular, it now controls the destruction
208 of jobs after execution and the cancellation of jobs during shutdown. Due to
209 these changes the requeueing feature, previously available to callback_job_t
210 only, is now available to all jobs (in addition to a new rescheduling
213 - In addition to trustchain key strength definitions for different public key
214 systems, the rightauth option now takes a list of signature hash algorithms
215 considered save for trustchain validation. For example, the setting
216 rightauth=rsa-2048-ecdsa-256-sha256-sha384-sha512 requires a trustchain
217 that uses at least RSA-2048 or ECDSA-256 keys and certificate signatures
218 using SHA-256 or better.
224 - Fixed a security vulnerability in the gmp plugin. If this plugin was used
225 for RSA signature verification an empty or zeroed signature was handled as
228 - Fixed several issues with reauthentication and address updates.
234 - The tnc-pdp plugin implements a RADIUS server interface allowing
235 a strongSwan TNC server to act as a Policy Decision Point.
237 - The eap-radius authentication backend enforces Session-Timeout attributes
238 using RFC4478 repeated authentication and acts upon RADIUS Dynamic
239 Authorization extensions, RFC 5176. Currently supported are disconnect
240 requests and CoA messages containing a Session-Timeout.
242 - The eap-radius plugin can forward arbitrary RADIUS attributes from and to
243 clients using custom IKEv2 notify payloads. The new radattr plugin reads
244 attributes to include from files and prints received attributes to the
247 - Added support for untruncated MD5 and SHA1 HMACs in ESP as used in
250 - The cmac plugin implements the AES-CMAC-96 and AES-CMAC-PRF-128 algorithms
251 as defined in RFC 4494 and RFC 4615, respectively.
253 - The resolve plugin automatically installs nameservers via resolvconf(8),
254 if it is installed, instead of modifying /etc/resolv.conf directly.
256 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports now raw RSA public keys in RFC 3110
257 DNSKEY and PKCS#1 file format.
263 - Upgraded the TCG IF-IMC and IF-IMV C API to the upcoming version 1.3
264 which supports IF-TNCCS 2.0 long message types, the exclusive flags
265 and multiple IMC/IMV IDs. Both the TNC Client and Server as well as
266 the "Test", "Scanner", and "Attestation" IMC/IMV pairs were updated.
268 - Fully implemented the "TCG Attestation PTS Protocol: Binding to IF-M"
269 standard (TLV-based messages only). TPM-based remote attestation of
270 Linux IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) possible. Measurement
271 reference values are automatically stored in an SQLite database.
273 - The EAP-RADIUS authentication backend supports RADIUS accounting. It sends
274 start/stop messages containing Username, Framed-IP and Input/Output-Octets
275 attributes and has been tested against FreeRADIUS and Microsoft NPS.
277 - Added support for PKCS#8 encoded private keys via the libstrongswan
278 pkcs8 plugin. This is the default format used by some OpenSSL tools since
279 version 1.0.0 (e.g. openssl req with -keyout).
281 - Added session resumption support to the strongSwan TLS stack.
287 - Because of changing checksums before and after installation which caused
288 the integrity tests to fail we avoided directly linking libsimaka, libtls and
289 libtnccs to those libcharon plugins which make use of these dynamic libraries.
290 Instead we linked the libraries to the charon daemon. Unfortunately Ubuntu
291 11.10 activated the --as-needed ld option which discards explicit links
292 to dynamic libraries that are not actually used by the charon daemon itself,
293 thus causing failures during the loading of the plugins which depend on these
294 libraries for resolving external symbols.
296 - Therefore our approach of computing integrity checksums for plugins had to be
297 changed radically by moving the hash generation from the compilation to the
298 post-installation phase.
304 - The new libstrongswan certexpire plugin collects expiration information of
305 all used certificates and exports them to CSV files. It either directly
306 exports them or uses cron style scheduling for batch exports.
308 - starter passes unresolved hostnames to charon, allowing it to do name
309 resolution not before the connection attempt. This is especially useful with
310 connections between hosts using dynamic IP addresses. Thanks to Mirko Parthey
311 for the initial patch.
313 - The android plugin can now be used without the Android frontend patch and
314 provides DNS server registration and logging to logcat.
316 - Pluto and starter (plus stroke and whack) have been ported to Android.
318 - Support for ECDSA private and public key operations has been added to the
319 pkcs11 plugin. The plugin now also provides DH and ECDH via PKCS#11 and can
320 use tokens as random number generators (RNG). By default only private key
321 operations are enabled, more advanced features have to be enabled by their
322 option in strongswan.conf. This also applies to public key operations (even
323 for keys not stored on the token) which were enabled by default before.
325 - The libstrongswan plugin system now supports detailed plugin dependencies.
326 Many plugins have been extended to export its capabilities and requirements.
327 This allows the plugin loader to resolve plugin loading order automatically,
328 and in future releases, to dynamically load the required features on demand.
329 Existing third party plugins are source (but not binary) compatible if they
330 properly initialize the new get_features() plugin function to NULL.
332 - The tnc-ifmap plugin implements a TNC IF-MAP 2.0 client which can deliver
333 metadata about IKE_SAs via a SOAP interface to a MAP server. The tnc-ifmap
334 plugin requires the Apache Axis2/C library.
340 - Our private libraries (e.g. libstrongswan) are not installed directly in
341 prefix/lib anymore. Instead a subdirectory is used (prefix/lib/ipsec/ by
342 default). The plugins directory is also moved from libexec/ipsec/ to that
345 - The dynamic IMC/IMV libraries were moved from the plugins directory to
346 a new imcvs directory in the prefix/lib/ipsec/ subdirectory.
348 - Job priorities were introduced to prevent thread starvation caused by too
349 many threads handling blocking operations (such as CRL fetching). Refer to
350 strongswan.conf(5) for details.
352 - Two new strongswan.conf options allow to fine-tune performance on IKEv2
353 gateways by dropping IKE_SA_INIT requests on high load.
355 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports start PASS and DROP shunt policies
356 preventing traffic to go through IPsec connections. Installation of the
357 shunt policies either via the XFRM netfilter or PFKEYv2 IPsec kernel
360 - The history of policies installed in the kernel is now tracked so that e.g.
361 trap policies are correctly updated when reauthenticated SAs are terminated.
363 - IMC/IMV Scanner pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
364 Using "netstat -l" the IMC scans open listening ports on the TNC client
365 and sends a port list to the IMV which based on a port policy decides if
366 the client is admitted to the network.
367 (--enable-imc-scanner/--enable-imv-scanner).
369 - IMC/IMV Test pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
370 (--enable-imc-test/--enable-imv-test).
372 - The IKEv2 close action does not use the same value as the ipsec.conf dpdaction
373 setting, but the value defined by its own closeaction keyword. The action
374 is triggered if the remote peer closes a CHILD_SA unexpectedly.
380 - The whitelist plugin for the IKEv2 daemon maintains an in-memory identity
381 whitelist. Any connection attempt of peers not whitelisted will get rejected.
382 The 'ipsec whitelist' utility provides a simple command line frontend for
383 whitelist administration.
385 - The duplicheck plugin provides a specialized form of duplicate checking,
386 doing a liveness check on the old SA and optionally notify a third party
387 application about detected duplicates.
389 - The coupling plugin permanently couples two or more devices by limiting
390 authentication to previously used certificates.
392 - In the case that the peer config and child config don't have the same name
393 (usually in SQL database defined connections), ipsec up|route <peer config>
394 starts|routes all associated child configs and ipsec up|route <child config>
395 only starts|routes the specific child config.
397 - fixed the encoding and parsing of X.509 certificate policy statements (CPS).
399 - Duncan Salerno contributed the eap-sim-pcsc plugin implementing a
400 pcsc-lite based SIM card backend.
402 - The eap-peap plugin implements the EAP PEAP protocol. Interoperates
403 successfully with a FreeRADIUS server and Windows 7 Agile VPN clients.
405 - The IKEv2 daemon charon rereads strongswan.conf on SIGHUP and instructs
406 all plugins to reload. Currently only the eap-radius and the attr plugins
407 support configuration reloading.
409 - Added userland support to the IKEv2 daemon for Extended Sequence Numbers
410 support coming with Linux 2.6.39. To enable ESN on a connection, add
411 the 'esn' keyword to the proposal. The default proposal uses 32-bit sequence
412 numbers only ('noesn'), and the same value is used if no ESN mode is
413 specified. To negotiate ESN support with the peer, include both, e.g.
414 esp=aes128-sha1-esn-noesn.
416 - In addition to ESN, Linux 2.6.39 gained support for replay windows larger
417 than 32 packets. The new global strongswan.conf option 'charon.replay_window'
418 configures the size of the replay window, in packets.
424 - Sansar Choinyambuu implemented the RFC 5793 Posture Broker Protocol (BP)
425 compatible with Trusted Network Connect (TNC). The TNCCS 2.0 protocol
426 requires the tnccs_20, tnc_imc and tnc_imv plugins but does not depend
427 on the libtnc library. Any available IMV/IMC pairs conforming to the
428 Trusted Computing Group's TNC-IF-IMV/IMC 1.2 interface specification
429 can be loaded via /etc/tnc_config.
431 - Re-implemented the TNCCS 1.1 protocol by using the tnc_imc and tnc_imv
432 in place of the external libtnc library.
434 - The tnccs_dynamic plugin loaded on a TNC server in addition to the
435 tnccs_11 and tnccs_20 plugins, dynamically detects the IF-TNCCS
436 protocol version used by a TNC client and invokes an instance of
437 the corresponding protocol stack.
439 - IKE and ESP proposals can now be stored in an SQL database using a
440 new proposals table. The start_action field in the child_configs
441 tables allows the automatic starting or routing of connections stored
444 - The new certificate_authorities and certificate_distribution_points
445 tables make it possible to store CRL and OCSP Certificate Distribution
446 points in an SQL database.
448 - The new 'include' statement allows to recursively include other files in
449 strongswan.conf. Existing sections and values are thereby extended and
450 replaced, respectively.
452 - Due to the changes in the parser for strongswan.conf, the configuration
453 syntax for the attr plugin has changed. Previously, it was possible to
454 specify multiple values of a specific attribute type by adding multiple
455 key/value pairs with the same key (e.g. dns) to the plugins.attr section.
456 Because values with the same key now replace previously defined values
457 this is not possible anymore. As an alternative, multiple values can be
458 specified by separating them with a comma (e.g. dns = 1.2.3.4, 2.3.4.5).
460 - ipsec listalgs now appends (set in square brackets) to each crypto
461 algorithm listed the plugin that registered the function.
463 - Traffic Flow Confidentiality padding supported with Linux 2.6.38 can be used
464 by the IKEv2 daemon. The ipsec.conf 'tfc' keyword pads all packets to a given
465 boundary, the special value '%mtu' pads all packets to the path MTU.
467 - The new af-alg plugin can use various crypto primitives of the Linux Crypto
468 API using the AF_ALG interface introduced with 2.6.38. This removes the need
469 for additional userland implementations of symmetric cipher, hash, hmac and
472 - The IKEv2 daemon supports the INITIAL_CONTACT notify as initiator and
473 responder. The notify is sent when initiating configurations with a unique
474 policy, set in ipsec.conf via the global 'uniqueids' option.
476 - The conftest conformance testing framework enables the IKEv2 stack to perform
477 many tests using a distinct tool and configuration frontend. Various hooks
478 can alter reserved bits, flags, add custom notifies and proposals, reorder
479 or drop messages and much more. It is enabled using the --enable-conftest
482 - The new libstrongswan constraints plugin provides advanced X.509 constraint
483 checking. In addition to X.509 pathLen constraints, the plugin checks for
484 nameConstraints and certificatePolicies, including policyMappings and
485 policyConstraints. The x509 certificate plugin and the pki tool have been
486 enhanced to support these extensions. The new left/rightcertpolicy ipsec.conf
487 connection keywords take OIDs a peer certificate must have.
489 - The left/rightauth ipsec.conf keywords accept values with a minimum strength
490 for trustchain public keys in bits, such as rsa-2048 or ecdsa-256.
492 - The revocation and x509 libstrongswan plugins and the pki tool gained basic
493 support for delta CRLs.
499 - IMPORTANT: the default keyexchange mode 'ike' is changing with release 4.5
500 from 'ikev1' to 'ikev2', thus commemorating the five year anniversary of the
501 IKEv2 RFC 4306 and its mature successor RFC 5996. The time has definitively
502 come for IKEv1 to go into retirement and to cede its place to the much more
503 robust, powerful and versatile IKEv2 protocol!
505 - Added new ctr, ccm and gcm plugins providing Counter, Counter with CBC-MAC
506 and Galois/Counter Modes based on existing CBC implementations. These
507 new plugins bring support for AES and Camellia Counter and CCM algorithms
508 and the AES GCM algorithms for use in IKEv2.
510 - The new pkcs11 plugin brings full Smartcard support to the IKEv2 daemon and
511 the pki utility using one or more PKCS#11 libraries. It currently supports
512 RSA private and public key operations and loads X.509 certificates from
515 - Implemented a general purpose TLS stack based on crypto and credential
516 primitives of libstrongswan. libtls supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2,
517 ECDHE-ECDSA/RSA, DHE-RSA and RSA key exchange algorithms and RSA/ECDSA based
518 client authentication.
520 - Based on libtls, the eap-tls plugin brings certificate based EAP
521 authentication for client and server. It is compatible to Windows 7 IKEv2
522 Smartcard authentication and the OpenSSL based FreeRADIUS EAP-TLS backend.
524 - Implemented the TNCCS 1.1 Trusted Network Connect protocol using the
525 libtnc library on the strongSwan client and server side via the tnccs_11
526 plugin and optionally connecting to a TNC@FHH-enhanced FreeRADIUS AAA server.
527 Depending on the resulting TNC Recommendation, strongSwan clients are granted
528 access to a network behind a strongSwan gateway (allow), are put into a
529 remediation zone (isolate) or are blocked (none), respectively. Any number
530 of Integrity Measurement Collector/Verifier pairs can be attached
531 via the tnc-imc and tnc-imv charon plugins.
533 - The IKEv1 daemon pluto now uses the same kernel interfaces as the IKEv2
534 daemon charon. As a result of this, pluto now supports xfrm marks which
535 were introduced in charon with 4.4.1.
537 - Applets for Maemo 5 (Nokia) allow to easily configure and control IKEv2
538 based VPN connections with EAP authentication on supported devices.
540 - The RADIUS plugin eap-radius now supports multiple RADIUS servers for
541 redundant setups. Servers are selected by a defined priority, server load and
544 - The simple led plugin controls hardware LEDs through the Linux LED subsystem.
545 It currently shows activity of the IKE daemon and is a good example how to
546 implement a simple event listener.
548 - Improved MOBIKE behavior in several corner cases, for instance, if the
549 initial responder moves to a different address.
551 - Fixed left-/rightnexthop option, which was broken since 4.4.0.
553 - Fixed a bug not releasing a virtual IP address to a pool if the XAUTH
554 identity was different from the IKE identity.
556 - Fixed the alignment of ModeConfig messages on 4-byte boundaries in the
557 case where the attributes are not a multiple of 4 bytes (e.g. Cisco's
560 - Fixed the interoperability of the socket_raw and socket_default
563 - Added man page for strongswan.conf
569 - Support of xfrm marks in IPsec SAs and IPsec policies introduced
570 with the Linux 2.6.34 kernel. For details see the example scenarios
571 ikev2/nat-two-rw-mark, ikev2/rw-nat-mark-in-out and ikev2/net2net-psk-dscp.
573 - The PLUTO_MARK_IN and PLUTO_ESP_ENC environment variables can be used
574 in a user-specific updown script to set marks on inbound ESP or
577 - The openssl plugin now supports X.509 certificate and CRL functions.
579 - OCSP/CRL checking in IKEv2 has been moved to the revocation plugin, enabled
580 by default. Plase update manual load directives in strongswan.conf.
582 - RFC3779 ipAddrBlock constraint checking has been moved to the addrblock
583 plugin, disabled by default. Enable it and update manual load directives
584 in strongswan.conf, if required.
586 - The pki utility supports CRL generation using the --signcrl command.
588 - The ipsec pki --self, --issue and --req commands now support output in
589 PEM format using the --outform pem option.
591 - The major refactoring of the IKEv1 Mode Config functionality now allows
592 the transport and handling of any Mode Config attribute.
594 - The RADIUS proxy plugin eap-radius now supports multiple servers. Configured
595 servers are chosen randomly, with the option to prefer a specific server.
596 Non-responding servers are degraded by the selection process.
598 - The ipsec pool tool manages arbitrary configuration attributes stored
599 in an SQL database. ipsec pool --help gives the details.
601 - The new eap-simaka-sql plugin acts as a backend for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA,
602 reading triplets/quintuplets from an SQL database.
604 - The High Availability plugin now supports a HA enabled in-memory address
605 pool and Node reintegration without IKE_SA rekeying. The latter allows
606 clients without IKE_SA rekeying support to keep connected during
607 reintegration. Additionally, many other issues have been fixed in the ha
610 - Fixed a potential remote code execution vulnerability resulting from
611 the misuse of snprintf(). The vulnerability is exploitable by
612 unauthenticated users.
618 - The IKEv2 High Availability plugin has been integrated. It provides
619 load sharing and failover capabilities in a cluster of currently two nodes,
620 based on an extend ClusterIP kernel module. More information is available at
621 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/HighAvailability.
622 The development of the High Availability functionality was sponsored by
623 secunet Security Networks AG.
625 - Added IKEv1 and IKEv2 configuration support for the AES-GMAC
626 authentication-only ESP cipher. Our aes_gmac kernel patch or a Linux
627 2.6.34 kernel is required to make AES-GMAC available via the XFRM
630 - Added support for Diffie-Hellman groups 22, 23 and 24 to the gmp, gcrypt
631 and openssl plugins, usable by both pluto and charon. The new proposal
632 keywords are modp1024s160, modp2048s224 and modp2048s256. Thanks to Joy Latten
633 from IBM for his contribution.
635 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon supports RAM-based virtual IP pools using
636 the rightsourceip directive with a subnet from which addresses
639 - The ipsec pki --gen and --pub commands now allow the output of
640 private and public keys in PEM format using the --outform pem
643 - The new DHCP plugin queries virtual IP addresses for clients from a DHCP
644 server using broadcasts, or a defined server using the
645 charon.plugins.dhcp.server strongswan.conf option. DNS/WINS server information
646 is additionally served to clients if the DHCP server provides such
647 information. The plugin is used in ipsec.conf configurations having
648 rightsourceip set to %dhcp.
650 - A new plugin called farp fakes ARP responses for virtual IP addresses
651 handed out to clients from the IKEv2 daemon charon. The plugin lets a
652 road-warrior act as a client on the local LAN if it uses a virtual IP
653 from the responders subnet, e.g. acquired using the DHCP plugin.
655 - The existing IKEv2 socket implementations have been migrated to the
656 socket-default and the socket-raw plugins. The new socket-dynamic plugin
657 binds sockets dynamically to ports configured via the left-/rightikeport
658 ipsec.conf connection parameters.
660 - The android charon plugin stores received DNS server information as "net.dns"
661 system properties, as used by the Android platform.
667 - The IKEv2 daemon supports RFC 3779 IP address block constraints
668 carried as a critical X.509v3 extension in the peer certificate.
670 - The ipsec pool --add|del dns|nbns command manages DNS and NBNS name
671 server entries that are sent via the IKEv1 Mode Config or IKEv2
672 Configuration Payload to remote clients.
674 - The Camellia cipher can be used as an IKEv1 encryption algorithm.
676 - The IKEv1 and IKEV2 daemons now check certificate path length constraints.
678 - The new ipsec.conf conn option "inactivity" closes a CHILD_SA if no traffic
679 was sent or received within the given interval. To close the complete IKE_SA
680 if its only CHILD_SA was inactive, set the global strongswan.conf option
681 "charon.inactivity_close_ike" to yes.
683 - More detailed IKEv2 EAP payload information in debug output
685 - IKEv2 EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA share joint libsimaka library
687 - Added required userland changes for proper SHA256 and SHA384/512 in ESP that
688 will be introduced with Linux 2.6.33. The "sha256"/"sha2_256" keyword now
689 configures the kernel with 128 bit truncation, not the non-standard 96
690 bit truncation used by previous releases. To use the old 96 bit truncation
691 scheme, the new "sha256_96" proposal keyword has been introduced.
693 - Fixed IPComp in tunnel mode, stripping out the duplicated outer header. This
694 change makes IPcomp tunnel mode connections incompatible with previous
695 releases; disable compression on such tunnels.
697 - Fixed BEET mode connections on recent kernels by installing SAs with
698 appropriate traffic selectors, based on a patch by Michael Rossberg.
700 - Using extensions (such as BEET mode) and crypto algorithms (such as twofish,
701 serpent, sha256_96) allocated in the private use space now require that we
702 know its meaning, i.e. we are talking to strongSwan. Use the new
703 "charon.send_vendor_id" option in strongswan.conf to let the remote peer know
706 - Experimental support for draft-eronen-ipsec-ikev2-eap-auth, where the
707 responder omits public key authentication in favor of a mutual authentication
708 method. To enable EAP-only authentication, set rightauth=eap on the responder
709 to rely only on the MSK constructed AUTH payload. This not-yet standardized
710 extension requires the strongSwan vendor ID introduced above.
712 - The IKEv1 daemon ignores the Juniper SRX notification type 40001, thus
713 allowing interoperability.
719 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon can now use SQL-based address pools to deal out
720 virtual IP addresses as a Mode Config server. The pool capability has been
721 migrated from charon's sql plugin to a new attr-sql plugin which is loaded
722 by libstrongswan and which can be used by both daemons either with a SQLite
723 or MySQL database and the corresponding plugin.
725 - Plugin names have been streamlined: EAP plugins now have a dash after eap
726 (e.g. eap-sim), as it is used with the --enable-eap-sim ./configure option.
727 Plugin configuration sections in strongswan.conf now use the same name as the
728 plugin itself (i.e. with a dash). Make sure to update "load" directives and
729 the affected plugin sections in existing strongswan.conf files.
731 - The private/public key parsing and encoding has been split up into
732 separate pkcs1, pgp, pem and dnskey plugins. The public key implementation
733 plugins gmp, gcrypt and openssl can all make use of them.
735 - The EAP-AKA plugin can use different backends for USIM/quintuplet
736 calculations, very similar to the EAP-SIM plugin. The existing 3GPP2 software
737 implementation has been migrated to a separate plugin.
739 - The IKEv2 daemon charon gained basic PGP support. It can use locally installed
740 peer certificates and can issue signatures based on RSA private keys.
742 - The new 'ipsec pki' tool provides a set of commands to maintain a public
743 key infrastructure. It currently supports operations to create RSA and ECDSA
744 private/public keys, calculate fingerprints and issue or verify certificates.
746 - Charon uses a monotonic time source for statistics and job queueing, behaving
747 correctly if the system time changes (e.g. when using NTP).
749 - In addition to time based rekeying, charon supports IPsec SA lifetimes based
750 on processed volume or number of packets. They new ipsec.conf paramaters
751 'lifetime' (an alias to 'keylife'), 'lifebytes' and 'lifepackets' handle
752 SA timeouts, while the parameters 'margintime' (an alias to rekeymargin),
753 'marginbytes' and 'marginpackets' trigger the rekeying before a SA expires.
754 The existing parameter 'rekeyfuzz' affects all margins.
756 - If no CA/Gateway certificate is specified in the NetworkManager plugin,
757 charon uses a set of trusted root certificates preinstalled by distributions.
758 The directory containing CA certificates can be specified using the
759 --with-nm-ca-dir=path configure option.
761 - Fixed the encoding of the Email relative distinguished name in left|rightid
764 - Fixed the broken parsing of PKCS#7 wrapped certificates by the pluto daemon.
766 - Fixed smartcard-based authentication in the pluto daemon which was broken by
767 the ECDSA support introduced with the 4.3.2 release.
769 - A patch contributed by Heiko Hund fixes mixed IPv6 in IPv4 and vice versa
770 tunnels established with the IKEv1 pluto daemon.
772 - The pluto daemon now uses the libstrongswan x509 plugin for certificates and
773 CRls and the struct id type was replaced by identification_t used by charon
774 and the libstrongswan library.
780 - IKEv2 charon daemon ported to FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Installation details can
781 be found on wiki.strongswan.org.
783 - ipsec statusall shows the number of bytes transmitted and received over
784 ESP connections configured by the IKEv2 charon daemon.
786 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports include files in ipsec.secrets.
792 - The configuration option --enable-integrity-test plus the strongswan.conf
793 option libstrongswan.integrity_test = yes activate integrity tests
794 of the IKE daemons charon and pluto, libstrongswan and all loaded
795 plugins. Thus dynamic library misconfigurations and non-malicious file
796 manipulations can be reliably detected.
798 - The new default setting libstrongswan.ecp_x_coordinate_only=yes allows
799 IKEv1 interoperability with MS Windows using the ECP DH groups 19 and 20.
801 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the AES-CCM and AES-GCM ESP
802 authenticated encryption algorithms.
804 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports V4 OpenPGP keys.
806 - The RDN parser vulnerability discovered by Orange Labs research team
807 was not completely fixed in version 4.3.2. Some more modifications
808 had to be applied to the asn1_length() function to make it robust.
814 - The new gcrypt plugin provides symmetric cipher, hasher, RNG, Diffie-Hellman
815 and RSA crypto primitives using the LGPL licensed GNU gcrypt library.
817 - libstrongswan features an integrated crypto selftest framework for registered
818 algorithms. The test-vector plugin provides a first set of test vectors and
819 allows pluto and charon to rely on tested crypto algorithms.
821 - pluto can now use all libstrongswan plugins with the exception of x509 and xcbc.
822 Thanks to the openssl plugin, the ECP Diffie-Hellman groups 19, 20, 21, 25, and
823 26 as well as ECDSA-256, ECDSA-384, and ECDSA-521 authentication can be used
826 - Applying their fuzzing tool, the Orange Labs vulnerability research team found
827 another two DoS vulnerabilities, one in the rather old ASN.1 parser of Relative
828 Distinguished Names (RDNs) and a second one in the conversion of ASN.1 UTCTIME
829 and GENERALIZEDTIME strings to a time_t value.
835 - The nm plugin now passes DNS/NBNS server information to NetworkManager,
836 allowing a gateway administrator to set DNS/NBNS configuration on clients
839 - The nm plugin also accepts CA certificates for gateway authentication. If
840 a CA certificate is configured, strongSwan uses the entered gateway address
841 as its idenitity, requiring the gateways certificate to contain the same as
842 subjectAltName. This allows a gateway administrator to deploy the same
843 certificates to Windows 7 and NetworkManager clients.
845 - The command ipsec purgeike deletes IKEv2 SAs that don't have a CHILD SA.
846 The command ipsec down <conn>{n} deletes CHILD SA instance n of connection
847 <conn> whereas ipsec down <conn>{*} deletes all CHILD SA instances.
848 The command ipsec down <conn>[n] deletes IKE SA instance n of connection
849 <conn> plus dependent CHILD SAs whereas ipsec down <conn>[*] deletes all
850 IKE SA instances of connection <conn>.
852 - Fixed a regression introduced in 4.3.0 where EAP authentication calculated
853 the AUTH payload incorrectly. Further, the EAP-MSCHAPv2 MSK key derivation
854 has been updated to be compatible with the Windows 7 Release Candidate.
856 - Refactored installation of triggering policies. Routed policies are handled
857 outside of IKE_SAs to keep them installed in any case. A tunnel gets
858 established only once, even if initiation is delayed due network outages.
860 - Improved the handling of multiple acquire signals triggered by the kernel.
862 - Fixed two DoS vulnerabilities in the charon daemon that were discovered by
863 fuzzing techniques: 1) Sending a malformed IKE_SA_INIT request leaved an
864 incomplete state which caused a null pointer dereference if a subsequent
865 CREATE_CHILD_SA request was sent. 2) Sending an IKE_AUTH request with either
866 a missing TSi or TSr payload caused a null pointer derefence because the
867 checks for TSi and TSr were interchanged. The IKEv2 fuzzer used was
868 developed by the Orange Labs vulnerability research team. The tool was
869 initially written by Gabriel Campana and is now maintained by Laurent Butti.
871 - Added support for AES counter mode in ESP in IKEv2 using the proposal
872 keywords aes128ctr, aes192ctr and aes256ctr.
874 - Further progress in refactoring pluto: Use of the curl and ldap plugins
875 for fetching crls and OCSP. Use of the random plugin to get keying material
876 from /dev/random or /dev/urandom. Use of the openssl plugin as an alternative
877 to the aes, des, sha1, sha2, and md5 plugins. The blowfish, twofish, and
878 serpent encryption plugins are now optional and are not enabled by default.
884 - Support for the IKEv2 Multiple Authentication Exchanges extension (RFC4739).
885 Initiators and responders can use several authentication rounds (e.g. RSA
886 followed by EAP) to authenticate. The new ipsec.conf leftauth/rightauth and
887 leftauth2/rightauth2 parameters define own authentication rounds or setup
888 constraints for the remote peer. See the ipsec.conf man page for more detials.
890 - If glibc printf hooks (register_printf_function) are not available,
891 strongSwan can use the vstr string library to run on non-glibc systems.
893 - The IKEv2 charon daemon can now configure the ESP CAMELLIA-CBC cipher
894 (esp=camellia128|192|256).
896 - Refactored the pluto and scepclient code to use basic functions (memory
897 allocation, leak detective, chunk handling, printf_hooks, strongswan.conf
898 attributes, ASN.1 parser, etc.) from the libstrongswan library.
900 - Up to two DNS and WINS servers to be sent via IKEv1 ModeConfig can be
901 configured in the pluto section of strongswan.conf.
907 - The new server-side EAP RADIUS plugin (--enable-eap-radius)
908 relays EAP messages to and from a RADIUS server. Successfully
909 tested with with a freeradius server using EAP-MD5 and EAP-SIM.
911 - A vulnerability in the Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706) code was found by
912 Gerd v. Egidy <gerd.von.egidy@intra2net.com> of Intra2net AG affecting
913 all Openswan and strongSwan releases. A malicious (or expired ISAKMP)
914 R_U_THERE or R_U_THERE_ACK Dead Peer Detection packet can cause the
915 pluto IKE daemon to crash and restart. No authentication or encryption
916 is required to trigger this bug. One spoofed UDP packet can cause the
917 pluto IKE daemon to restart and be unresponsive for a few seconds while
918 restarting. This DPD null state vulnerability has been officially
919 registered as CVE-2009-0790 and is fixed by this release.
921 - ASN.1 to time_t conversion caused a time wrap-around for
922 dates after Jan 18 03:14:07 UTC 2038 on 32-bit platforms.
923 As a workaround such dates are set to the maximum representable
924 time, i.e. Jan 19 03:14:07 UTC 2038.
926 - Distinguished Names containing wildcards (*) are not sent in the
933 - Fixed a use-after-free bug in the DPD timeout section of the
934 IKEv1 pluto daemon which sporadically caused a segfault.
936 - Fixed a crash in the IKEv2 charon daemon occurring with
937 mixed RAM-based and SQL-based virtual IP address pools.
939 - Fixed ASN.1 parsing of algorithmIdentifier objects where the
940 parameters field is optional.
942 - Ported nm plugin to NetworkManager 7.1.
948 - Support of the EAP-MSCHAPv2 protocol enabled by the option
949 --enable-eap-mschapv2. Requires the MD4 hash algorithm enabled
950 either by --enable-md4 or --enable-openssl.
952 - Assignment of up to two DNS and up to two WINS servers to peers via
953 the IKEv2 Configuration Payload (CP). The IPv4 or IPv6 nameserver
954 addresses are defined in strongswan.conf.
956 - The strongSwan applet for the Gnome NetworkManager is now built and
957 distributed as a separate tarball under the name NetworkManager-strongswan.
963 - Fixed ESP NULL encryption broken by the refactoring of keymat.c.
964 Also introduced proper initialization and disposal of keying material.
966 - Fixed the missing listing of connection definitions in ipsec statusall
967 broken by an unfortunate local variable overload.
973 - Several performance improvements to handle thousands of tunnels with almost
974 linear upscaling. All relevant data structures have been replaced by faster
975 counterparts with better lookup times.
977 - Better parallelization to run charon on multiple cores. Due to improved
978 ressource locking and other optimizations the daemon can take full
979 advantage of 16 or even more cores.
981 - The load-tester plugin can use a NULL Diffie-Hellman group and simulate
982 unique identities and certificates by signing peer certificates using a CA
985 - The redesigned stroke in-memory IP pool handles leases. The "ipsec leases"
986 command queries assigned leases.
988 - Added support for smartcards in charon by using the ENGINE API provided by
989 OpenSSL, based on patches by Michael RoĂŸberg.
991 - The Padlock plugin supports the hardware RNG found on VIA CPUs to provide a
992 reliable source of randomness.
997 - Flexible configuration of logging subsystem allowing to log to multiple
998 syslog facilities or to files using fine-grained log levels for each target.
1000 - Load testing plugin to do stress testing of the IKEv2 daemon against self
1001 or another host. Found and fixed issues during tests in the multi-threaded
1002 use of the OpenSSL plugin.
1004 - Added profiling code to synchronization primitives to find bottlenecks if
1005 running on multiple cores. Found and fixed an issue where parts of the
1006 Diffie-Hellman calculation acquired an exclusive lock. This greatly improves
1007 parallelization to multiple cores.
1009 - updown script invocation has been separated into a plugin of its own to
1010 further slim down the daemon core.
1012 - Separated IKE_SA/CHILD_SA key derivation process into a closed system,
1013 allowing future implementations to use a secured environment in e.g. kernel
1016 - The kernel interface of charon has been modularized. XFRM NETLINK (default)
1017 and PFKEY (--enable-kernel-pfkey) interface plugins for the native IPsec
1018 stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel as well as a PFKEY interface for the KLIPS
1019 IPsec stack (--enable-kernel-klips) are provided.
1021 - Basic Mobile IPv6 support has been introduced, securing Binding Update
1022 messages as well as tunneled traffic between Mobile Node and Home Agent.
1023 The installpolicy=no option allows peaceful cooperation with a dominant
1024 mip6d daemon and the new type=transport_proxy implements the special MIPv6
1025 IPsec transport proxy mode where the IKEv2 daemon uses the Care-of-Address
1026 but the IPsec SA is set up for the Home Address.
1028 - Implemented migration of Mobile IPv6 connections using the KMADDRESS
1029 field contained in XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE messages sent by the mip6d daemon
1030 via the Linux 2.6.28 (or appropriately patched) kernel.
1036 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports authentication based on raw public keys
1037 stored in the SQL database backend. The ipsec listpubkeys command
1038 lists the available raw public keys via the stroke interface.
1040 - Several MOBIKE improvements: Detect changes in NAT mappings in DPD exchanges,
1041 handle events if kernel detects NAT mapping changes in UDP-encapsulated
1042 ESP packets (requires kernel patch), reuse old addesses in MOBIKE updates as
1043 long as possible and other fixes.
1045 - Fixed a bug in addr_in_subnet() which caused insertion of wrong source
1046 routes for destination subnets having netwmasks not being a multiple of 8 bits.
1047 Thanks go to Wolfgang Steudel, TU Ilmenau for reporting this bug.
1053 - Fixed a Denial-of-Service vulnerability where an IKE_SA_INIT message with
1054 a KE payload containing zeroes only can cause a crash of the IKEv2 charon
1055 daemon due to a NULL pointer returned by the mpz_export() function of the
1056 GNU Multiprecision Library (GMP). Thanks go to Mu Dynamics Research Labs
1057 for making us aware of this problem.
1059 - The new agent plugin provides a private key implementation on top of an
1062 - The NetworkManager plugin has been extended to support certificate client
1063 authentication using RSA keys loaded from a file or using ssh-agent.
1065 - Daemon capability dropping has been ported to libcap and must be enabled
1066 explicitly --with-capabilities=libcap. Future version will support the
1067 newer libcap2 library.
1069 - ipsec listalgs lists the IKEv2 cryptografic algorithms registered with the
1070 charon keying daemon.
1076 - A NetworkManager plugin allows GUI-based configuration of road-warrior
1077 clients in a simple way. It features X509 based gateway authentication
1078 and EAP client authentication, tunnel setup/teardown and storing passwords
1079 in the Gnome Keyring.
1081 - A new EAP-GTC plugin implements draft-sheffer-ikev2-gtc-00.txt and allows
1082 username/password authentication against any PAM service on the gateway.
1083 The new EAP method interacts nicely with the NetworkManager plugin and allows
1084 client authentication against e.g. LDAP.
1086 - Improved support for the EAP-Identity method. The new ipsec.conf eap_identity
1087 parameter defines an additional identity to pass to the server in EAP
1090 - The "ipsec statusall" command now lists CA restrictions, EAP
1091 authentication types and EAP identities.
1093 - Fixed two multithreading deadlocks occurring when starting up
1094 several hundred tunnels concurrently.
1096 - Fixed the --enable-integrity-test configure option which
1097 computes a SHA-1 checksum over the libstrongswan library.
1103 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
1105 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
1106 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
1107 storing only history information has become optional and can be
1108 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
1111 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
1112 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
1114 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
1115 network interfaces have become possible.
1117 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
1118 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
1120 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
1126 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
1127 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
1129 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
1130 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
1132 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
1133 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
1135 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
1138 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
1139 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
1141 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
1142 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
1148 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
1149 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
1151 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
1152 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
1158 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
1159 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
1160 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
1161 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
1162 to software-based crypto plugins.
1164 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
1165 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
1166 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
1167 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
1169 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
1170 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
1171 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
1177 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
1178 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
1179 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
1180 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
1181 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
1182 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
1184 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
1185 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
1186 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
1189 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionally supports random number
1190 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
1191 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
1193 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
1194 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
1197 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
1198 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
1200 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
1201 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
1202 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
1204 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
1205 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
1206 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
1207 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
1210 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
1212 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
1214 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
1215 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
1216 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
1222 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
1223 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
1224 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1225 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
1226 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
1227 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
1228 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
1230 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
1231 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
1233 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
1234 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
1235 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1236 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
1237 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
1238 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
1239 The following new plugins are available:
1240 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
1241 top of either MySQL or SQLite
1242 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
1244 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
1245 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
1246 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
1248 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
1249 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
1250 by other applications.
1256 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
1257 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
1258 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
1260 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
1261 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
1263 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
1264 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
1265 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
1271 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
1272 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
1274 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
1275 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
1276 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
1277 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
1279 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
1280 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
1281 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
1284 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
1285 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
1286 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
1292 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
1293 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
1294 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
1297 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
1298 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
1300 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
1301 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
1303 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
1305 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
1306 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
1313 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
1319 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
1320 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
1321 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
1323 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
1324 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
1325 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
1327 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
1328 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
1329 (see http://wiki.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
1331 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
1332 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
1334 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
1340 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
1341 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
1342 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
1343 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
1344 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
1345 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
1346 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
1347 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
1349 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
1350 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
1351 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
1352 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
1354 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
1355 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
1358 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
1359 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
1360 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
1361 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
1362 AUTHentication having been configured.
1364 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
1365 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
1371 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
1372 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
1373 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
1374 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
1375 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
1376 corresponding connection definition is updated.
1378 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
1379 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
1380 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
1381 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
1387 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
1388 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
1389 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
1390 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
1391 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
1392 parameter is not required any more.
1394 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
1395 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
1396 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
1401 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
1402 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
1403 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
1408 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
1409 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
1413 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
1415 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
1416 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
1417 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
1418 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
1419 connections as a responder are still possible.
1421 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
1422 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
1423 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
1424 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
1425 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
1427 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
1428 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
1429 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
1432 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
1433 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
1439 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
1440 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
1442 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
1443 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
1444 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
1446 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
1447 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
1448 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
1449 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
1451 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
1452 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
1453 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
1454 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
1456 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
1457 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
1458 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
1459 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
1460 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
1463 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occurring with Linux kernel
1470 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
1471 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
1472 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
1473 is implemented properly for rekeying.
1475 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
1476 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
1478 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
1480 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
1482 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
1483 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
1485 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
1487 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
1494 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
1495 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
1496 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
1497 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
1498 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
1499 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
1501 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
1502 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
1503 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
1505 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
1506 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
1507 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
1510 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
1511 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
1512 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
1515 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
1516 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
1522 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
1523 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
1525 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
1526 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
1527 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
1528 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
1530 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
1532 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
1533 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
1536 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
1537 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
1538 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
1541 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
1542 code reuse and separation.
1544 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
1545 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
1546 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
1548 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
1549 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
1552 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
1553 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
1554 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
1555 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
1556 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
1557 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
1559 - Added client side support for cookies.
1561 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
1562 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
1563 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
1569 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
1570 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
1571 XAUTH and Mode Config.
1573 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
1574 to a default string.
1580 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
1581 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
1582 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
1583 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
1584 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
1586 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
1588 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
1590 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
1592 - various other bugfixes
1598 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
1599 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
1601 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
1602 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
1604 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
1605 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
1606 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
1607 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
1609 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
1611 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
1614 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
1616 or changed at runtime via stroke as
1618 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
1624 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
1626 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
1627 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
1628 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
1629 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
1630 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
1632 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
1633 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
1634 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
1636 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
1638 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
1639 or 3DES are supported.
1641 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
1642 encrypt IKE traffic.
1644 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
1645 signed with such a hash algorithm.
1647 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
1648 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
1649 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
1650 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
1656 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
1657 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
1658 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
1661 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
1662 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
1663 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
1664 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
1666 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
1667 algorithm configuration statements.
1673 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
1674 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
1675 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
1676 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1678 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
1679 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
1680 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
1681 ipsec.conf rules for now.
1683 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
1684 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
1687 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
1688 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
1689 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
1690 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
1692 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
1693 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
1694 and a more extensible code base.
1696 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
1697 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
1698 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
1699 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
1700 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
1701 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
1702 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
1708 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
1709 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
1710 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
1711 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
1712 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
1713 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
1715 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
1716 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
1717 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
1719 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
1720 blowfish192, blowfish256
1721 Integrity: md5, sha1
1722 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
1725 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
1726 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
1727 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
1728 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
1729 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
1730 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
1732 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
1733 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
1734 configuration examples).
1736 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
1737 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
1738 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
1739 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
1741 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
1742 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
1743 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
1744 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
1751 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
1752 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
1753 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
1754 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
1755 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
1756 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
1757 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
1758 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
1759 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
1766 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
1767 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
1768 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
1769 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
1770 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
1771 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
1772 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
1773 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
1774 in conjunction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
1775 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
1776 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
1777 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
1779 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
1780 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
1781 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
1782 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
1783 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
1784 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
1785 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
1786 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
1787 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
1790 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
1791 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
1792 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
1799 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
1800 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
1801 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
1802 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
1803 are required any more.
1805 - added support of DPD restart mode
1807 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
1808 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
1809 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
1811 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
1812 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
1818 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
1819 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
1821 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
1822 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
1823 via the auth=ah parameter.
1825 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
1826 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
1828 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
1829 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
1830 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
1831 the ipsec status command.
1837 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
1838 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
1839 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
1841 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
1842 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
1843 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
1845 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
1846 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
1848 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
1849 rightid="UN=John Doe"
1851 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
1852 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
1853 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
1860 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
1862 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
1864 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
1865 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
1866 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
1868 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
1869 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
1872 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
1873 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
1879 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
1880 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
1881 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
1887 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
1888 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
1889 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
1890 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
1891 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
1892 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
1893 accelerated tremedously.
1895 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
1896 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
1897 reload pluto's connections.
1899 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
1900 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
1901 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
1903 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
1905 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
1907 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
1908 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
1915 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
1916 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
1923 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
1924 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
1925 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
1926 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
1928 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
1929 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
1930 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
1931 has been changed from one year to five years.
1937 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
1938 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
1939 via the whack interface. Notation:
1941 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
1942 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1943 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1946 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
1947 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1948 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1951 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
1953 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
1954 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
1955 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
1956 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
1959 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
1960 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
1961 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
1962 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
1963 is automatically generated by calling the function
1965 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
1967 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
1968 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
1974 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
1975 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
1976 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
1977 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
1979 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
1980 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
1986 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
1987 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
1988 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
1989 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
1990 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
1992 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
1994 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
1995 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
1996 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
1999 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
2000 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
2001 attribute for AES encryption.
2003 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
2005 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
2011 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
2012 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
2013 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
2014 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
2015 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
2017 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
2018 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
2019 multiple connections between two security gateways.
2025 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
2026 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
2027 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
2028 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
2029 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
2030 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
2031 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
2032 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
2034 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
2035 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
2038 ipsec auto --listcards
2040 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
2041 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
2042 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
2043 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
2045 %smartcard (selects object #1)
2046 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
2047 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
2049 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
2051 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
2052 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
2053 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
2055 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
2056 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
2057 to generate a signature.
2059 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
2060 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
2061 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
2062 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
2063 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
2065 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
2066 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
2068 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
2069 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
2070 towards the release of the SCEP client.
2076 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
2077 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
2078 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
2079 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
2080 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
2081 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
2083 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
2084 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
2085 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
2086 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
2087 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
2088 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
2090 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
2091 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
2092 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
2098 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
2100 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
2106 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
2107 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
2109 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
2111 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
2112 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
2113 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
2115 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
2116 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
2123 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
2124 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
2127 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
2128 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
2129 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
2130 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
2131 pad has to be done only once.
2133 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
2134 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
2135 to be used with smart cards. Example:
2137 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
2139 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
2141 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
2142 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
2144 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
2145 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
2146 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
2148 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
2149 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
2150 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
2156 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
2157 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
2158 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
2159 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
2166 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
2168 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
2175 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
2176 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
2177 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
2178 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
2179 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
2180 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
2181 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
2183 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
2184 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
2185 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
2186 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
2187 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
2189 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
2190 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
2191 in a particular test.
2197 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
2198 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
2200 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
2202 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
2203 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
2206 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
2207 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
2208 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
2209 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
2215 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
2217 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
2218 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
2220 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
2223 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
2224 maximum udp size patches.
2226 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
2232 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
2233 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
2234 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
2235 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
2238 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
2239 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
2240 using the openac facility. For more details see
2244 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
2245 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
2246 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
2248 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
2250 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
2251 Research or Sales, only.
2253 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
2254 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
2255 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
2256 Secure Entry Clients.
2258 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
2259 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
2260 now both set to 24 h.
2262 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
2263 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
2265 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
2266 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
2267 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
2269 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
2275 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
2276 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
2277 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
2278 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
2280 - Fixed a bug occurring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
2281 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
2282 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
2284 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
2286 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
2287 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
2293 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
2294 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
2296 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occurring when the strict flag
2297 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
2299 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
2300 occurring when a smartcard is present.
2302 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
2304 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
2306 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
2312 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
2314 dpdaction=clear|hold
2316 activates DPD for the given connection.
2318 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
2319 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
2320 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
2322 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
2324 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
2326 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
2327 using the compile option VENDORID
2329 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
2331 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
2333 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
2335 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
2336 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
2338 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
2340 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
2347 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
2348 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
2349 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
2350 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
2351 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
2353 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
2354 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
2360 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
2361 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
2362 an optional connection selector:
2364 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
2366 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
2369 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
2370 of malformed distinguished names.
2372 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
2374 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
2376 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
2382 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
2383 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
2389 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
2390 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
2391 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
2397 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
2403 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
2406 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
2407 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
2408 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
2409 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
2410 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
2411 auto=add # add, ignore
2413 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
2415 ipsec auto --listcainfos
2417 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
2418 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
2424 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
2425 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
2427 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
2428 during kernel compilation
2430 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
2431 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
2433 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
2434 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
2435 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
2441 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
2442 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
2443 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
2444 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
2446 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
2447 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
2453 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12