4 - Implemented all IETF Standard PA-TNC attributes and an OS IMC/IMV
5 pair using them to transfer operating system information.
7 - The new "ipsec listcounters" command prints a list of global counter values
8 about received and sent IKE messages and rekeyings.
10 - A new lookip plugin can perform fast lookup of tunnel information using a
11 clients virtual IP and can send notifications about established or deleted
12 tunnels. The "ipsec lookip" command can be used to query such information
13 or receive notifications.
15 - IKE proposals can now use a PRF algorithm different to that defined for
16 integrity protection. If an algorithm with a "prf" prefix is defined
17 explicitly (such as prfsha1 or prfsha256), no implicit PRF algorithm based on
18 the integrity algorithm is added to the proposal.
23 - Introduced the sending of the standard IETF Assessment Result
24 PA-TNC attribute by all strongSwan Integrity Measurement Verifiers.
26 - Extended PTS Attestation IMC/IMV pair to provide full evidence of
27 the Linux IMA measurement process. All pertinent file information
28 of a Linux OS can be collected and stored in an SQL database.
30 - The PA-TNC and PB-TNC protocols can now process huge data payloads
31 >64 kB by distributing PA-TNC attributes over multiple PA-TNC messages
32 and these messages over several PB-TNC batches. As long as no
33 consolidated recommandation from all IMVs can be obtained, the TNC
34 server requests more client data by sending an empty SDATA batch.
36 - The rightgroups2 ipsec.conf option can require group membership during
37 a second authentication round, for example during XAuth authentication
38 against a RADIUS server.
40 - The xauth-pam backend can authenticate IKEv1 XAuth and Hybrid authenticated
41 clients against any PAM service. The IKEv2 eap-gtc plugin does not use
42 PAM directly anymore, but can use any XAuth backend to verify credentials,
45 - The new unity plugin brings support for some parts of the IKEv1 Cisco Unity
46 Extension. As client, charon narrows traffic selectors to the received
47 Split-Include attributes and automatically installs IPsec bypass policies
48 for received Local-LAN attributes. As server, charon sends Split-Include
49 attributes for leftsubnet definitions containing multiple subnets to Unity-
52 - An EAP-Nak payload is returned by clients if the gateway requests an EAP
53 method that the client does not support. Clients can also request a specific
54 EAP method by configuring that method with leftauth.
56 - The eap-dynamic plugin handles EAP-Nak payloads returned by clients and uses
57 these to select a different EAP method supported/requested by the client.
58 The plugin initially requests the first registered method or the first method
59 configured with charon.plugins.eap-dynamic.preferred.
61 - The new left/rightdns options specify connection specific DNS servers to
62 request/respond in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv2 mode config. leftdns
63 can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4 and %config6 to request
64 multiple servers, both for IPv4 and IPv6. rightdns takes a list of DNS server
65 IP addresses to return.
67 - The left/rightsourceip options now accept multiple addresses or pools.
68 leftsourceip can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4, %config6
69 or fixed IP addresses to request. rightsourceip accepts multiple explicitly
70 specified or referenced named pools.
72 - Multiple connections can now share a single address pool when they use the
73 same definition in one of the rightsourceip pools.
75 - The options charon.interfaces_ignore and charon.interfaces_use allow one to
76 configure the network interfaces used by the daemon.
78 - The kernel-netlink plugin supports the charon.install_virtual_ip_on option,
79 which specifies the interface on which virtual IP addresses will be installed.
80 If it is not specified the current behavior of using the outbound interface
83 - The kernel-netlink plugin tries to keep the current source address when
84 looking for valid routes to reach other hosts.
86 - The autotools build has been migrated to use a config.h header. strongSwan
87 development headers will get installed during "make install" if
88 --with-dev-headers has been passed to ./configure.
90 - All crypto primitives gained return values for most operations, allowing
91 crypto backends to fail, for example when using hardware accelerators.
96 - The charon IKE daemon gained experimental support for the IKEv1 protocol.
97 Pluto has been removed from the 5.x series, and unless strongSwan is
98 configured with --disable-ikev1 or --disable-ikev2, charon handles both
99 keying protocols. The feature-set of IKEv1 in charon is almost on par with
100 pluto, but currently does not support AH or bundled AH+ESP SAs. Beside
101 RSA/ECDSA, PSK and XAuth, charon also supports the Hybrid authentication
102 mode. Informations for interoperability and migration is available at
103 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/CharonPlutoIKEv1.
105 - Charon's bus_t has been refactored so that loggers and other listeners are
106 now handled separately. The single lock was previously cause for deadlocks
107 if extensive listeners, such as the one provided by the updown plugin, wanted
108 to acquire locks that were held by other threads which in turn tried to log
109 messages, and thus were waiting to acquire the same lock currently held by
110 the thread calling the listener.
111 The implemented changes also allow the use of a read/write-lock for the
112 loggers which increases performance if multiple loggers are registered.
113 Besides several interface changes this last bit also changes the semantics
114 for loggers as these may now be called by multiple threads at the same time.
116 - Source routes are reinstalled if interfaces are reactivated or IP addresses
119 - The thread pool (processor_t) now has more control over the lifecycle of
120 a job (see job.h for details). In particular, it now controls the destruction
121 of jobs after execution and the cancellation of jobs during shutdown. Due to
122 these changes the requeueing feature, previously available to callback_job_t
123 only, is now available to all jobs (in addition to a new rescheduling
126 - In addition to trustchain key strength definitions for different public key
127 systems, the rightauth option now takes a list of signature hash algorithms
128 considered save for trustchain validation. For example, the setting
129 rightauth=rsa-2048-ecdsa-256-sha256-sha384-sha512 requires a trustchain
130 that uses at least RSA-2048 or ECDSA-256 keys and certificate signatures
131 using SHA-256 or better.
137 - Fixed a security vulnerability in the gmp plugin. If this plugin was used
138 for RSA signature verification an empty or zeroed signature was handled as
141 - Fixed several issues with reauthentication and address updates.
147 - The tnc-pdp plugin implements a RADIUS server interface allowing
148 a strongSwan TNC server to act as a Policy Decision Point.
150 - The eap-radius authentication backend enforces Session-Timeout attributes
151 using RFC4478 repeated authentication and acts upon RADIUS Dynamic
152 Authorization extensions, RFC 5176. Currently supported are disconnect
153 requests and CoA messages containing a Session-Timeout.
155 - The eap-radius plugin can forward arbitrary RADIUS attributes from and to
156 clients using custom IKEv2 notify payloads. The new radattr plugin reads
157 attributes to include from files and prints received attributes to the
160 - Added support for untruncated MD5 and SHA1 HMACs in ESP as used in
163 - The cmac plugin implements the AES-CMAC-96 and AES-CMAC-PRF-128 algorithms
164 as defined in RFC 4494 and RFC 4615, respectively.
166 - The resolve plugin automatically installs nameservers via resolvconf(8),
167 if it is installed, instead of modifying /etc/resolv.conf directly.
169 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports now raw RSA public keys in RFC 3110
170 DNSKEY and PKCS#1 file format.
176 - Upgraded the TCG IF-IMC and IF-IMV C API to the upcoming version 1.3
177 which supports IF-TNCCS 2.0 long message types, the exclusive flags
178 and multiple IMC/IMV IDs. Both the TNC Client and Server as well as
179 the "Test", "Scanner", and "Attestation" IMC/IMV pairs were updated.
181 - Fully implemented the "TCG Attestation PTS Protocol: Binding to IF-M"
182 standard (TLV-based messages only). TPM-based remote attestation of
183 Linux IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) possible. Measurement
184 reference values are automatically stored in an SQLite database.
186 - The EAP-RADIUS authentication backend supports RADIUS accounting. It sends
187 start/stop messages containing Username, Framed-IP and Input/Output-Octets
188 attributes and has been tested against FreeRADIUS and Microsoft NPS.
190 - Added support for PKCS#8 encoded private keys via the libstrongswan
191 pkcs8 plugin. This is the default format used by some OpenSSL tools since
192 version 1.0.0 (e.g. openssl req with -keyout).
194 - Added session resumption support to the strongSwan TLS stack.
200 - Because of changing checksums before and after installation which caused
201 the integrity tests to fail we avoided directly linking libsimaka, libtls and
202 libtnccs to those libcharon plugins which make use of these dynamic libraries.
203 Instead we linked the libraries to the charon daemon. Unfortunately Ubuntu
204 11.10 activated the --as-needed ld option which discards explicit links
205 to dynamic libraries that are not actually used by the charon daemon itself,
206 thus causing failures during the loading of the plugins which depend on these
207 libraries for resolving external symbols.
209 - Therefore our approach of computing integrity checksums for plugins had to be
210 changed radically by moving the hash generation from the compilation to the
211 post-installation phase.
217 - The new libstrongswan certexpire plugin collects expiration information of
218 all used certificates and exports them to CSV files. It either directly
219 exports them or uses cron style scheduling for batch exports.
221 - starter passes unresolved hostnames to charon, allowing it to do name
222 resolution not before the connection attempt. This is especially useful with
223 connections between hosts using dynamic IP addresses. Thanks to Mirko Parthey
224 for the initial patch.
226 - The android plugin can now be used without the Android frontend patch and
227 provides DNS server registration and logging to logcat.
229 - Pluto and starter (plus stroke and whack) have been ported to Android.
231 - Support for ECDSA private and public key operations has been added to the
232 pkcs11 plugin. The plugin now also provides DH and ECDH via PKCS#11 and can
233 use tokens as random number generators (RNG). By default only private key
234 operations are enabled, more advanced features have to be enabled by their
235 option in strongswan.conf. This also applies to public key operations (even
236 for keys not stored on the token) which were enabled by default before.
238 - The libstrongswan plugin system now supports detailed plugin dependencies.
239 Many plugins have been extended to export its capabilities and requirements.
240 This allows the plugin loader to resolve plugin loading order automatically,
241 and in future releases, to dynamically load the required features on demand.
242 Existing third party plugins are source (but not binary) compatible if they
243 properly initialize the new get_features() plugin function to NULL.
245 - The tnc-ifmap plugin implements a TNC IF-MAP 2.0 client which can deliver
246 metadata about IKE_SAs via a SOAP interface to a MAP server. The tnc-ifmap
247 plugin requires the Apache Axis2/C library.
253 - Our private libraries (e.g. libstrongswan) are not installed directly in
254 prefix/lib anymore. Instead a subdirectory is used (prefix/lib/ipsec/ by
255 default). The plugins directory is also moved from libexec/ipsec/ to that
258 - The dynamic IMC/IMV libraries were moved from the plugins directory to
259 a new imcvs directory in the prefix/lib/ipsec/ subdirectory.
261 - Job priorities were introduced to prevent thread starvation caused by too
262 many threads handling blocking operations (such as CRL fetching). Refer to
263 strongswan.conf(5) for details.
265 - Two new strongswan.conf options allow to fine-tune performance on IKEv2
266 gateways by dropping IKE_SA_INIT requests on high load.
268 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports start PASS and DROP shunt policies
269 preventing traffic to go through IPsec connections. Installation of the
270 shunt policies either via the XFRM netfilter or PFKEYv2 IPsec kernel
273 - The history of policies installed in the kernel is now tracked so that e.g.
274 trap policies are correctly updated when reauthenticated SAs are terminated.
276 - IMC/IMV Scanner pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
277 Using "netstat -l" the IMC scans open listening ports on the TNC client
278 and sends a port list to the IMV which based on a port policy decides if
279 the client is admitted to the network.
280 (--enable-imc-scanner/--enable-imv-scanner).
282 - IMC/IMV Test pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
283 (--enable-imc-test/--enable-imv-test).
285 - The IKEv2 close action does not use the same value as the ipsec.conf dpdaction
286 setting, but the value defined by its own closeaction keyword. The action
287 is triggered if the remote peer closes a CHILD_SA unexpectedly.
293 - The whitelist plugin for the IKEv2 daemon maintains an in-memory identity
294 whitelist. Any connection attempt of peers not whitelisted will get rejected.
295 The 'ipsec whitelist' utility provides a simple command line frontend for
296 whitelist administration.
298 - The duplicheck plugin provides a specialized form of duplicate checking,
299 doing a liveness check on the old SA and optionally notify a third party
300 application about detected duplicates.
302 - The coupling plugin permanently couples two or more devices by limiting
303 authentication to previously used certificates.
305 - In the case that the peer config and child config don't have the same name
306 (usually in SQL database defined connections), ipsec up|route <peer config>
307 starts|routes all associated child configs and ipsec up|route <child config>
308 only starts|routes the specific child config.
310 - fixed the encoding and parsing of X.509 certificate policy statements (CPS).
312 - Duncan Salerno contributed the eap-sim-pcsc plugin implementing a
313 pcsc-lite based SIM card backend.
315 - The eap-peap plugin implements the EAP PEAP protocol. Interoperates
316 successfully with a FreeRADIUS server and Windows 7 Agile VPN clients.
318 - The IKEv2 daemon charon rereads strongswan.conf on SIGHUP and instructs
319 all plugins to reload. Currently only the eap-radius and the attr plugins
320 support configuration reloading.
322 - Added userland support to the IKEv2 daemon for Extended Sequence Numbers
323 support coming with Linux 2.6.39. To enable ESN on a connection, add
324 the 'esn' keyword to the proposal. The default proposal uses 32-bit sequence
325 numbers only ('noesn'), and the same value is used if no ESN mode is
326 specified. To negotiate ESN support with the peer, include both, e.g.
327 esp=aes128-sha1-esn-noesn.
329 - In addition to ESN, Linux 2.6.39 gained support for replay windows larger
330 than 32 packets. The new global strongswan.conf option 'charon.replay_window'
331 configures the size of the replay window, in packets.
337 - Sansar Choinyambuu implemented the RFC 5793 Posture Broker Protocol (BP)
338 compatible with Trusted Network Connect (TNC). The TNCCS 2.0 protocol
339 requires the tnccs_20, tnc_imc and tnc_imv plugins but does not depend
340 on the libtnc library. Any available IMV/IMC pairs conforming to the
341 Trusted Computing Group's TNC-IF-IMV/IMC 1.2 interface specification
342 can be loaded via /etc/tnc_config.
344 - Re-implemented the TNCCS 1.1 protocol by using the tnc_imc and tnc_imv
345 in place of the external libtnc library.
347 - The tnccs_dynamic plugin loaded on a TNC server in addition to the
348 tnccs_11 and tnccs_20 plugins, dynamically detects the IF-TNCCS
349 protocol version used by a TNC client and invokes an instance of
350 the corresponding protocol stack.
352 - IKE and ESP proposals can now be stored in an SQL database using a
353 new proposals table. The start_action field in the child_configs
354 tables allows the automatic starting or routing of connections stored
357 - The new certificate_authorities and certificate_distribution_points
358 tables make it possible to store CRL and OCSP Certificate Distribution
359 points in an SQL database.
361 - The new 'include' statement allows to recursively include other files in
362 strongswan.conf. Existing sections and values are thereby extended and
363 replaced, respectively.
365 - Due to the changes in the parser for strongswan.conf, the configuration
366 syntax for the attr plugin has changed. Previously, it was possible to
367 specify multiple values of a specific attribute type by adding multiple
368 key/value pairs with the same key (e.g. dns) to the plugins.attr section.
369 Because values with the same key now replace previously defined values
370 this is not possible anymore. As an alternative, multiple values can be
371 specified by separating them with a comma (e.g. dns = 1.2.3.4, 2.3.4.5).
373 - ipsec listalgs now appends (set in square brackets) to each crypto
374 algorithm listed the plugin that registered the function.
376 - Traffic Flow Confidentiality padding supported with Linux 2.6.38 can be used
377 by the IKEv2 daemon. The ipsec.conf 'tfc' keyword pads all packets to a given
378 boundary, the special value '%mtu' pads all packets to the path MTU.
380 - The new af-alg plugin can use various crypto primitives of the Linux Crypto
381 API using the AF_ALG interface introduced with 2.6.38. This removes the need
382 for additional userland implementations of symmetric cipher, hash, hmac and
385 - The IKEv2 daemon supports the INITIAL_CONTACT notify as initiator and
386 responder. The notify is sent when initiating configurations with a unique
387 policy, set in ipsec.conf via the global 'uniqueids' option.
389 - The conftest conformance testing framework enables the IKEv2 stack to perform
390 many tests using a distinct tool and configuration frontend. Various hooks
391 can alter reserved bits, flags, add custom notifies and proposals, reorder
392 or drop messages and much more. It is enabled using the --enable-conftest
395 - The new libstrongswan constraints plugin provides advanced X.509 constraint
396 checking. In additon to X.509 pathLen constraints, the plugin checks for
397 nameConstraints and certificatePolicies, including policyMappings and
398 policyConstraints. The x509 certificate plugin and the pki tool have been
399 enhanced to support these extensions. The new left/rightcertpolicy ipsec.conf
400 connection keywords take OIDs a peer certificate must have.
402 - The left/rightauth ipsec.conf keywords accept values with a minimum strength
403 for trustchain public keys in bits, such as rsa-2048 or ecdsa-256.
405 - The revocation and x509 libstrongswan plugins and the pki tool gained basic
406 support for delta CRLs.
412 - IMPORTANT: the default keyexchange mode 'ike' is changing with release 4.5
413 from 'ikev1' to 'ikev2', thus commemorating the five year anniversary of the
414 IKEv2 RFC 4306 and its mature successor RFC 5996. The time has definitively
415 come for IKEv1 to go into retirement and to cede its place to the much more
416 robust, powerful and versatile IKEv2 protocol!
418 - Added new ctr, ccm and gcm plugins providing Counter, Counter with CBC-MAC
419 and Galois/Counter Modes based on existing CBC implementations. These
420 new plugins bring support for AES and Camellia Counter and CCM algorithms
421 and the AES GCM algorithms for use in IKEv2.
423 - The new pkcs11 plugin brings full Smartcard support to the IKEv2 daemon and
424 the pki utility using one or more PKCS#11 libraries. It currently supports
425 RSA private and public key operations and loads X.509 certificates from
428 - Implemented a general purpose TLS stack based on crypto and credential
429 primitives of libstrongswan. libtls supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2,
430 ECDHE-ECDSA/RSA, DHE-RSA and RSA key exchange algorithms and RSA/ECDSA based
431 client authentication.
433 - Based on libtls, the eap-tls plugin brings certificate based EAP
434 authentication for client and server. It is compatible to Windows 7 IKEv2
435 Smartcard authentication and the OpenSSL based FreeRADIUS EAP-TLS backend.
437 - Implemented the TNCCS 1.1 Trusted Network Connect protocol using the
438 libtnc library on the strongSwan client and server side via the tnccs_11
439 plugin and optionally connecting to a TNC@FHH-enhanced FreeRADIUS AAA server.
440 Depending on the resulting TNC Recommendation, strongSwan clients are granted
441 access to a network behind a strongSwan gateway (allow), are put into a
442 remediation zone (isolate) or are blocked (none), respectively. Any number
443 of Integrity Measurement Collector/Verifier pairs can be attached
444 via the tnc-imc and tnc-imv charon plugins.
446 - The IKEv1 daemon pluto now uses the same kernel interfaces as the IKEv2
447 daemon charon. As a result of this, pluto now supports xfrm marks which
448 were introduced in charon with 4.4.1.
450 - Applets for Maemo 5 (Nokia) allow to easily configure and control IKEv2
451 based VPN connections with EAP authentication on supported devices.
453 - The RADIUS plugin eap-radius now supports multiple RADIUS servers for
454 redundant setups. Servers are selected by a defined priority, server load and
457 - The simple led plugin controls hardware LEDs through the Linux LED subsystem.
458 It currently shows activity of the IKE daemon and is a good example how to
459 implement a simple event listener.
461 - Improved MOBIKE behavior in several corner cases, for instance, if the
462 initial responder moves to a different address.
464 - Fixed left-/rightnexthop option, which was broken since 4.4.0.
466 - Fixed a bug not releasing a virtual IP address to a pool if the XAUTH
467 identity was different from the IKE identity.
469 - Fixed the alignment of ModeConfig messages on 4-byte boundaries in the
470 case where the attributes are not a multiple of 4 bytes (e.g. Cisco's
473 - Fixed the interoperability of the socket_raw and socket_default
476 - Added man page for strongswan.conf
482 - Support of xfrm marks in IPsec SAs and IPsec policies introduced
483 with the Linux 2.6.34 kernel. For details see the example scenarios
484 ikev2/nat-two-rw-mark, ikev2/rw-nat-mark-in-out and ikev2/net2net-psk-dscp.
486 - The PLUTO_MARK_IN and PLUTO_ESP_ENC environment variables can be used
487 in a user-specific updown script to set marks on inbound ESP or
490 - The openssl plugin now supports X.509 certificate and CRL functions.
492 - OCSP/CRL checking in IKEv2 has been moved to the revocation plugin, enabled
493 by default. Plase update manual load directives in strongswan.conf.
495 - RFC3779 ipAddrBlock constraint checking has been moved to the addrblock
496 plugin, disabled by default. Enable it and update manual load directives
497 in strongswan.conf, if required.
499 - The pki utility supports CRL generation using the --signcrl command.
501 - The ipsec pki --self, --issue and --req commands now support output in
502 PEM format using the --outform pem option.
504 - The major refactoring of the IKEv1 Mode Config functionality now allows
505 the transport and handling of any Mode Config attribute.
507 - The RADIUS proxy plugin eap-radius now supports multiple servers. Configured
508 servers are chosen randomly, with the option to prefer a specific server.
509 Non-responding servers are degraded by the selection process.
511 - The ipsec pool tool manages arbitrary configuration attributes stored
512 in an SQL database. ipsec pool --help gives the details.
514 - The new eap-simaka-sql plugin acts as a backend for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA,
515 reading triplets/quintuplets from an SQL database.
517 - The High Availability plugin now supports a HA enabled in-memory address
518 pool and Node reintegration without IKE_SA rekeying. The latter allows
519 clients without IKE_SA rekeying support to keep connected during
520 reintegration. Additionally, many other issues have been fixed in the ha
523 - Fixed a potential remote code execution vulnerability resulting from
524 the misuse of snprintf(). The vulnerability is exploitable by
525 unauthenticated users.
531 - The IKEv2 High Availability plugin has been integrated. It provides
532 load sharing and failover capabilities in a cluster of currently two nodes,
533 based on an extend ClusterIP kernel module. More information is available at
534 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/HighAvailability.
535 The development of the High Availability functionality was sponsored by
536 secunet Security Networks AG.
538 - Added IKEv1 and IKEv2 configuration support for the AES-GMAC
539 authentication-only ESP cipher. Our aes_gmac kernel patch or a Linux
540 2.6.34 kernel is required to make AES-GMAC available via the XFRM
543 - Added support for Diffie-Hellman groups 22, 23 and 24 to the gmp, gcrypt
544 and openssl plugins, usable by both pluto and charon. The new proposal
545 keywords are modp1024s160, modp2048s224 and modp2048s256. Thanks to Joy Latten
546 from IBM for his contribution.
548 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon supports RAM-based virtual IP pools using
549 the rightsourceip directive with a subnet from which addresses
552 - The ipsec pki --gen and --pub commands now allow the output of
553 private and public keys in PEM format using the --outform pem
556 - The new DHCP plugin queries virtual IP addresses for clients from a DHCP
557 server using broadcasts, or a defined server using the
558 charon.plugins.dhcp.server strongswan.conf option. DNS/WINS server information
559 is additionally served to clients if the DHCP server provides such
560 information. The plugin is used in ipsec.conf configurations having
561 rightsourceip set to %dhcp.
563 - A new plugin called farp fakes ARP responses for virtual IP addresses
564 handed out to clients from the IKEv2 daemon charon. The plugin lets a
565 road-warrior act as a client on the local LAN if it uses a virtual IP
566 from the responders subnet, e.g. acquired using the DHCP plugin.
568 - The existing IKEv2 socket implementations have been migrated to the
569 socket-default and the socket-raw plugins. The new socket-dynamic plugin
570 binds sockets dynamically to ports configured via the left-/rightikeport
571 ipsec.conf connection parameters.
573 - The android charon plugin stores received DNS server information as "net.dns"
574 system properties, as used by the Android platform.
580 - The IKEv2 daemon supports RFC 3779 IP address block constraints
581 carried as a critical X.509v3 extension in the peer certificate.
583 - The ipsec pool --add|del dns|nbns command manages DNS and NBNS name
584 server entries that are sent via the IKEv1 Mode Config or IKEv2
585 Configuration Payload to remote clients.
587 - The Camellia cipher can be used as an IKEv1 encryption algorithm.
589 - The IKEv1 and IKEV2 daemons now check certificate path length constraints.
591 - The new ipsec.conf conn option "inactivity" closes a CHILD_SA if no traffic
592 was sent or received within the given interval. To close the complete IKE_SA
593 if its only CHILD_SA was inactive, set the global strongswan.conf option
594 "charon.inactivity_close_ike" to yes.
596 - More detailed IKEv2 EAP payload information in debug output
598 - IKEv2 EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA share joint libsimaka library
600 - Added required userland changes for proper SHA256 and SHA384/512 in ESP that
601 will be introduced with Linux 2.6.33. The "sha256"/"sha2_256" keyword now
602 configures the kernel with 128 bit truncation, not the non-standard 96
603 bit truncation used by previous releases. To use the old 96 bit truncation
604 scheme, the new "sha256_96" proposal keyword has been introduced.
606 - Fixed IPComp in tunnel mode, stripping out the duplicated outer header. This
607 change makes IPcomp tunnel mode connections incompatible with previous
608 releases; disable compression on such tunnels.
610 - Fixed BEET mode connections on recent kernels by installing SAs with
611 appropriate traffic selectors, based on a patch by Michael Rossberg.
613 - Using extensions (such as BEET mode) and crypto algorithms (such as twofish,
614 serpent, sha256_96) allocated in the private use space now require that we
615 know its meaning, i.e. we are talking to strongSwan. Use the new
616 "charon.send_vendor_id" option in strongswan.conf to let the remote peer know
619 - Experimental support for draft-eronen-ipsec-ikev2-eap-auth, where the
620 responder omits public key authentication in favor of a mutual authentication
621 method. To enable EAP-only authentication, set rightauth=eap on the responder
622 to rely only on the MSK constructed AUTH payload. This not-yet standardized
623 extension requires the strongSwan vendor ID introduced above.
625 - The IKEv1 daemon ignores the Juniper SRX notification type 40001, thus
626 allowing interoperability.
632 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon can now use SQL-based address pools to deal out
633 virtual IP addresses as a Mode Config server. The pool capability has been
634 migrated from charon's sql plugin to a new attr-sql plugin which is loaded
635 by libstrongswan and which can be used by both daemons either with a SQLite
636 or MySQL database and the corresponding plugin.
638 - Plugin names have been streamlined: EAP plugins now have a dash after eap
639 (e.g. eap-sim), as it is used with the --enable-eap-sim ./configure option.
640 Plugin configuration sections in strongswan.conf now use the same name as the
641 plugin itself (i.e. with a dash). Make sure to update "load" directives and
642 the affected plugin sections in existing strongswan.conf files.
644 - The private/public key parsing and encoding has been split up into
645 separate pkcs1, pgp, pem and dnskey plugins. The public key implementation
646 plugins gmp, gcrypt and openssl can all make use of them.
648 - The EAP-AKA plugin can use different backends for USIM/quintuplet
649 calculations, very similar to the EAP-SIM plugin. The existing 3GPP2 software
650 implementation has been migrated to a separate plugin.
652 - The IKEv2 daemon charon gained basic PGP support. It can use locally installed
653 peer certificates and can issue signatures based on RSA private keys.
655 - The new 'ipsec pki' tool provides a set of commands to maintain a public
656 key infrastructure. It currently supports operations to create RSA and ECDSA
657 private/public keys, calculate fingerprints and issue or verify certificates.
659 - Charon uses a monotonic time source for statistics and job queueing, behaving
660 correctly if the system time changes (e.g. when using NTP).
662 - In addition to time based rekeying, charon supports IPsec SA lifetimes based
663 on processed volume or number of packets. They new ipsec.conf paramaters
664 'lifetime' (an alias to 'keylife'), 'lifebytes' and 'lifepackets' handle
665 SA timeouts, while the parameters 'margintime' (an alias to rekeymargin),
666 'marginbytes' and 'marginpackets' trigger the rekeying before a SA expires.
667 The existing parameter 'rekeyfuzz' affects all margins.
669 - If no CA/Gateway certificate is specified in the NetworkManager plugin,
670 charon uses a set of trusted root certificates preinstalled by distributions.
671 The directory containing CA certificates can be specified using the
672 --with-nm-ca-dir=path configure option.
674 - Fixed the encoding of the Email relative distinguished name in left|rightid
677 - Fixed the broken parsing of PKCS#7 wrapped certificates by the pluto daemon.
679 - Fixed smartcard-based authentication in the pluto daemon which was broken by
680 the ECDSA support introduced with the 4.3.2 release.
682 - A patch contributed by Heiko Hund fixes mixed IPv6 in IPv4 and vice versa
683 tunnels established with the IKEv1 pluto daemon.
685 - The pluto daemon now uses the libstrongswan x509 plugin for certificates and
686 CRls and the struct id type was replaced by identification_t used by charon
687 and the libstrongswan library.
693 - IKEv2 charon daemon ported to FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Installation details can
694 be found on wiki.strongswan.org.
696 - ipsec statusall shows the number of bytes transmitted and received over
697 ESP connections configured by the IKEv2 charon daemon.
699 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports include files in ipsec.secrets.
705 - The configuration option --enable-integrity-test plus the strongswan.conf
706 option libstrongswan.integrity_test = yes activate integrity tests
707 of the IKE daemons charon and pluto, libstrongswan and all loaded
708 plugins. Thus dynamic library misconfigurations and non-malicious file
709 manipulations can be reliably detected.
711 - The new default setting libstrongswan.ecp_x_coordinate_only=yes allows
712 IKEv1 interoperability with MS Windows using the ECP DH groups 19 and 20.
714 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the AES-CCM and AES-GCM ESP
715 authenticated encryption algorithms.
717 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports V4 OpenPGP keys.
719 - The RDN parser vulnerability discovered by Orange Labs research team
720 was not completely fixed in version 4.3.2. Some more modifications
721 had to be applied to the asn1_length() function to make it robust.
727 - The new gcrypt plugin provides symmetric cipher, hasher, RNG, Diffie-Hellman
728 and RSA crypto primitives using the LGPL licensed GNU gcrypt library.
730 - libstrongswan features an integrated crypto selftest framework for registered
731 algorithms. The test-vector plugin provides a first set of test vectors and
732 allows pluto and charon to rely on tested crypto algorithms.
734 - pluto can now use all libstrongswan plugins with the exception of x509 and xcbc.
735 Thanks to the openssl plugin, the ECP Diffie-Hellman groups 19, 20, 21, 25, and
736 26 as well as ECDSA-256, ECDSA-384, and ECDSA-521 authentication can be used
739 - Applying their fuzzing tool, the Orange Labs vulnerability research team found
740 another two DoS vulnerabilities, one in the rather old ASN.1 parser of Relative
741 Distinguished Names (RDNs) and a second one in the conversion of ASN.1 UTCTIME
742 and GENERALIZEDTIME strings to a time_t value.
748 - The nm plugin now passes DNS/NBNS server information to NetworkManager,
749 allowing a gateway administrator to set DNS/NBNS configuration on clients
752 - The nm plugin also accepts CA certificates for gateway authentication. If
753 a CA certificate is configured, strongSwan uses the entered gateway address
754 as its idenitity, requiring the gateways certificate to contain the same as
755 subjectAltName. This allows a gateway administrator to deploy the same
756 certificates to Windows 7 and NetworkManager clients.
758 - The command ipsec purgeike deletes IKEv2 SAs that don't have a CHILD SA.
759 The command ipsec down <conn>{n} deletes CHILD SA instance n of connection
760 <conn> whereas ipsec down <conn>{*} deletes all CHILD SA instances.
761 The command ipsec down <conn>[n] deletes IKE SA instance n of connection
762 <conn> plus dependent CHILD SAs whereas ipsec down <conn>[*] deletes all
763 IKE SA instances of connection <conn>.
765 - Fixed a regression introduced in 4.3.0 where EAP authentication calculated
766 the AUTH payload incorrectly. Further, the EAP-MSCHAPv2 MSK key derivation
767 has been updated to be compatible with the Windows 7 Release Candidate.
769 - Refactored installation of triggering policies. Routed policies are handled
770 outside of IKE_SAs to keep them installed in any case. A tunnel gets
771 established only once, even if initiation is delayed due network outages.
773 - Improved the handling of multiple acquire signals triggered by the kernel.
775 - Fixed two DoS vulnerabilities in the charon daemon that were discovered by
776 fuzzing techniques: 1) Sending a malformed IKE_SA_INIT request leaved an
777 incomplete state which caused a null pointer dereference if a subsequent
778 CREATE_CHILD_SA request was sent. 2) Sending an IKE_AUTH request with either
779 a missing TSi or TSr payload caused a null pointer derefence because the
780 checks for TSi and TSr were interchanged. The IKEv2 fuzzer used was
781 developed by the Orange Labs vulnerability research team. The tool was
782 initially written by Gabriel Campana and is now maintained by Laurent Butti.
784 - Added support for AES counter mode in ESP in IKEv2 using the proposal
785 keywords aes128ctr, aes192ctr and aes256ctr.
787 - Further progress in refactoring pluto: Use of the curl and ldap plugins
788 for fetching crls and OCSP. Use of the random plugin to get keying material
789 from /dev/random or /dev/urandom. Use of the openssl plugin as an alternative
790 to the aes, des, sha1, sha2, and md5 plugins. The blowfish, twofish, and
791 serpent encryption plugins are now optional and are not enabled by default.
797 - Support for the IKEv2 Multiple Authentication Exchanges extension (RFC4739).
798 Initiators and responders can use several authentication rounds (e.g. RSA
799 followed by EAP) to authenticate. The new ipsec.conf leftauth/rightauth and
800 leftauth2/rightauth2 parameters define own authentication rounds or setup
801 constraints for the remote peer. See the ipsec.conf man page for more detials.
803 - If glibc printf hooks (register_printf_function) are not available,
804 strongSwan can use the vstr string library to run on non-glibc systems.
806 - The IKEv2 charon daemon can now configure the ESP CAMELLIA-CBC cipher
807 (esp=camellia128|192|256).
809 - Refactored the pluto and scepclient code to use basic functions (memory
810 allocation, leak detective, chunk handling, printf_hooks, strongswan.conf
811 attributes, ASN.1 parser, etc.) from the libstrongswan library.
813 - Up to two DNS and WINS servers to be sent via IKEv1 ModeConfig can be
814 configured in the pluto section of strongswan.conf.
820 - The new server-side EAP RADIUS plugin (--enable-eap-radius)
821 relays EAP messages to and from a RADIUS server. Successfully
822 tested with with a freeradius server using EAP-MD5 and EAP-SIM.
824 - A vulnerability in the Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706) code was found by
825 Gerd v. Egidy <gerd.von.egidy@intra2net.com> of Intra2net AG affecting
826 all Openswan and strongSwan releases. A malicious (or expired ISAKMP)
827 R_U_THERE or R_U_THERE_ACK Dead Peer Detection packet can cause the
828 pluto IKE daemon to crash and restart. No authentication or encryption
829 is required to trigger this bug. One spoofed UDP packet can cause the
830 pluto IKE daemon to restart and be unresponsive for a few seconds while
831 restarting. This DPD null state vulnerability has been officially
832 registered as CVE-2009-0790 and is fixed by this release.
834 - ASN.1 to time_t conversion caused a time wrap-around for
835 dates after Jan 18 03:14:07 UTC 2038 on 32-bit platforms.
836 As a workaround such dates are set to the maximum representable
837 time, i.e. Jan 19 03:14:07 UTC 2038.
839 - Distinguished Names containing wildcards (*) are not sent in the
846 - Fixed a use-after-free bug in the DPD timeout section of the
847 IKEv1 pluto daemon which sporadically caused a segfault.
849 - Fixed a crash in the IKEv2 charon daemon occurring with
850 mixed RAM-based and SQL-based virtual IP address pools.
852 - Fixed ASN.1 parsing of algorithmIdentifier objects where the
853 parameters field is optional.
855 - Ported nm plugin to NetworkManager 7.1.
861 - Support of the EAP-MSCHAPv2 protocol enabled by the option
862 --enable-eap-mschapv2. Requires the MD4 hash algorithm enabled
863 either by --enable-md4 or --enable-openssl.
865 - Assignment of up to two DNS and up to two WINS servers to peers via
866 the IKEv2 Configuration Payload (CP). The IPv4 or IPv6 nameserver
867 addresses are defined in strongswan.conf.
869 - The strongSwan applet for the Gnome NetworkManager is now built and
870 distributed as a separate tarball under the name NetworkManager-strongswan.
876 - Fixed ESP NULL encryption broken by the refactoring of keymat.c.
877 Also introduced proper initialization and disposal of keying material.
879 - Fixed the missing listing of connection definitions in ipsec statusall
880 broken by an unfortunate local variable overload.
886 - Several performance improvements to handle thousands of tunnels with almost
887 linear upscaling. All relevant data structures have been replaced by faster
888 counterparts with better lookup times.
890 - Better parallelization to run charon on multiple cores. Due to improved
891 ressource locking and other optimizations the daemon can take full
892 advantage of 16 or even more cores.
894 - The load-tester plugin can use a NULL Diffie-Hellman group and simulate
895 unique identities and certificates by signing peer certificates using a CA
898 - The redesigned stroke in-memory IP pool handles leases. The "ipsec leases"
899 command queries assigned leases.
901 - Added support for smartcards in charon by using the ENGINE API provided by
902 OpenSSL, based on patches by Michael Roßberg.
904 - The Padlock plugin supports the hardware RNG found on VIA CPUs to provide a
905 reliable source of randomness.
910 - Flexible configuration of logging subsystem allowing to log to multiple
911 syslog facilities or to files using fine-grained log levels for each target.
913 - Load testing plugin to do stress testing of the IKEv2 daemon against self
914 or another host. Found and fixed issues during tests in the multi-threaded
915 use of the OpenSSL plugin.
917 - Added profiling code to synchronization primitives to find bottlenecks if
918 running on multiple cores. Found and fixed an issue where parts of the
919 Diffie-Hellman calculation acquired an exclusive lock. This greatly improves
920 parallelization to multiple cores.
922 - updown script invocation has been separated into a plugin of its own to
923 further slim down the daemon core.
925 - Separated IKE_SA/CHILD_SA key derivation process into a closed system,
926 allowing future implementations to use a secured environment in e.g. kernel
929 - The kernel interface of charon has been modularized. XFRM NETLINK (default)
930 and PFKEY (--enable-kernel-pfkey) interface plugins for the native IPsec
931 stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel as well as a PFKEY interface for the KLIPS
932 IPsec stack (--enable-kernel-klips) are provided.
934 - Basic Mobile IPv6 support has been introduced, securing Binding Update
935 messages as well as tunneled traffic between Mobile Node and Home Agent.
936 The installpolicy=no option allows peaceful cooperation with a dominant
937 mip6d daemon and the new type=transport_proxy implements the special MIPv6
938 IPsec transport proxy mode where the IKEv2 daemon uses the Care-of-Address
939 but the IPsec SA is set up for the Home Address.
941 - Implemented migration of Mobile IPv6 connections using the KMADDRESS
942 field contained in XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE messages sent by the mip6d daemon
943 via the Linux 2.6.28 (or appropriately patched) kernel.
949 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports authentication based on raw public keys
950 stored in the SQL database backend. The ipsec listpubkeys command
951 lists the available raw public keys via the stroke interface.
953 - Several MOBIKE improvements: Detect changes in NAT mappings in DPD exchanges,
954 handle events if kernel detects NAT mapping changes in UDP-encapsulated
955 ESP packets (requires kernel patch), reuse old addesses in MOBIKE updates as
956 long as possible and other fixes.
958 - Fixed a bug in addr_in_subnet() which caused insertion of wrong source
959 routes for destination subnets having netwmasks not being a multiple of 8 bits.
960 Thanks go to Wolfgang Steudel, TU Ilmenau for reporting this bug.
966 - Fixed a Denial-of-Service vulnerability where an IKE_SA_INIT message with
967 a KE payload containing zeroes only can cause a crash of the IKEv2 charon
968 daemon due to a NULL pointer returned by the mpz_export() function of the
969 GNU Multiprecision Library (GMP). Thanks go to Mu Dynamics Research Labs
970 for making us aware of this problem.
972 - The new agent plugin provides a private key implementation on top of an
975 - The NetworkManager plugin has been extended to support certificate client
976 authentication using RSA keys loaded from a file or using ssh-agent.
978 - Daemon capability dropping has been ported to libcap and must be enabled
979 explicitly --with-capabilities=libcap. Future version will support the
980 newer libcap2 library.
982 - ipsec listalgs lists the IKEv2 cryptografic algorithms registered with the
983 charon keying daemon.
989 - A NetworkManager plugin allows GUI-based configuration of road-warrior
990 clients in a simple way. It features X509 based gateway authentication
991 and EAP client authentication, tunnel setup/teardown and storing passwords
992 in the Gnome Keyring.
994 - A new EAP-GTC plugin implements draft-sheffer-ikev2-gtc-00.txt and allows
995 username/password authentication against any PAM service on the gateway.
996 The new EAP method interacts nicely with the NetworkManager plugin and allows
997 client authentication against e.g. LDAP.
999 - Improved support for the EAP-Identity method. The new ipsec.conf eap_identity
1000 parameter defines an additional identity to pass to the server in EAP
1003 - The "ipsec statusall" command now lists CA restrictions, EAP
1004 authentication types and EAP identities.
1006 - Fixed two multithreading deadlocks occurring when starting up
1007 several hundred tunnels concurrently.
1009 - Fixed the --enable-integrity-test configure option which
1010 computes a SHA-1 checksum over the libstrongswan library.
1016 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
1018 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
1019 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
1020 storing only history information has become optional and can be
1021 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
1024 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
1025 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
1027 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
1028 network interfaces have become possible.
1030 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
1031 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
1033 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
1039 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
1040 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
1042 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
1043 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
1045 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
1046 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
1048 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
1051 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
1052 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
1054 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
1055 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
1061 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
1062 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
1064 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
1065 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
1071 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
1072 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
1073 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
1074 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
1075 to software-based crypto plugins.
1077 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
1078 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
1079 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
1080 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
1082 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
1083 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
1084 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
1090 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
1091 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
1092 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
1093 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
1094 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
1095 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
1097 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
1098 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
1099 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
1102 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionally supports random number
1103 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
1104 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
1106 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
1107 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
1110 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
1111 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
1113 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
1114 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
1115 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
1117 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
1118 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
1119 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
1120 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
1123 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
1125 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
1127 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
1128 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
1129 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
1135 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
1136 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
1137 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1138 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
1139 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
1140 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
1141 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
1143 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
1144 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
1146 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
1147 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
1148 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1149 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
1150 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
1151 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
1152 The following new plugins are available:
1153 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
1154 top of either MySQL or SQLite
1155 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
1157 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
1158 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
1159 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
1161 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
1162 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
1163 by other applications.
1169 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
1170 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
1171 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
1173 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
1174 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
1176 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
1177 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
1178 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
1184 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
1185 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
1187 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
1188 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
1189 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
1190 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
1192 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
1193 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
1194 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
1197 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
1198 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
1199 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
1205 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
1206 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
1207 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
1210 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
1211 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
1213 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
1214 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
1216 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
1218 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
1219 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
1226 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
1232 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
1233 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
1234 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
1236 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
1237 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
1238 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
1240 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
1241 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
1242 (see http://wiki.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
1244 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
1245 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
1247 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
1253 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
1254 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
1255 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
1256 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
1257 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
1258 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
1259 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
1260 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
1262 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
1263 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
1264 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
1265 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
1267 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
1268 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
1271 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
1272 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
1273 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
1274 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
1275 AUTHentication having been configured.
1277 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
1278 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
1284 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
1285 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
1286 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
1287 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
1288 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
1289 corresponding connection definition is updated.
1291 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
1292 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
1293 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
1294 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
1300 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
1301 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
1302 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
1303 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
1304 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
1305 parameter is not required any more.
1307 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
1308 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
1309 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
1314 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
1315 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
1316 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
1321 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
1322 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
1326 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
1328 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
1329 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
1330 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
1331 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
1332 connections as a responder are still possible.
1334 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
1335 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
1336 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
1337 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
1338 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
1340 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
1341 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
1342 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
1345 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
1346 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
1352 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
1353 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
1355 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
1356 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
1357 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
1359 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
1360 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
1361 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
1362 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
1364 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
1365 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
1366 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
1367 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
1369 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
1370 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
1371 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
1372 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
1373 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
1376 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occurring with Linux kernel
1383 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
1384 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
1385 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
1386 is implemented properly for rekeying.
1388 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
1389 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
1391 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
1393 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
1395 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
1396 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
1398 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
1400 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
1407 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
1408 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
1409 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
1410 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
1411 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
1412 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
1414 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
1415 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
1416 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
1418 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
1419 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
1420 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
1423 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
1424 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
1425 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
1428 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
1429 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
1435 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
1436 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
1438 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
1439 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
1440 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
1441 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
1443 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
1445 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
1446 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
1449 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
1450 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
1451 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
1454 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
1455 code reuse and separation.
1457 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
1458 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
1459 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
1461 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
1462 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
1465 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
1466 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
1467 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
1468 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
1469 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
1470 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
1472 - Added client side support for cookies.
1474 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
1475 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
1476 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
1482 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
1483 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
1484 XAUTH and Mode Config.
1486 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
1487 to a default string.
1493 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
1494 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
1495 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
1496 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
1497 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
1499 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
1501 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
1503 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
1505 - various other bugfixes
1511 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
1512 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
1514 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
1515 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
1517 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
1518 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
1519 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
1520 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
1522 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
1524 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
1527 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
1529 or changed at runtime via stroke as
1531 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
1537 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
1539 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
1540 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
1541 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
1542 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
1543 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
1545 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
1546 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
1547 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
1549 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
1551 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
1552 or 3DES are supported.
1554 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
1555 encrypt IKE traffic.
1557 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
1558 signed with such a hash algorithm.
1560 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
1561 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
1562 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
1563 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
1569 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
1570 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
1571 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
1574 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
1575 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
1576 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
1577 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
1579 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
1580 algorithm configuration statements.
1586 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
1587 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
1588 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
1589 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1591 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
1592 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
1593 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
1594 ipsec.conf rules for now.
1596 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
1597 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
1600 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
1601 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
1602 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
1603 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
1605 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
1606 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
1607 and a more extensible code base.
1609 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
1610 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
1611 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
1612 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
1613 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
1614 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
1615 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
1621 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
1622 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
1623 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
1624 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
1625 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
1626 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
1628 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
1629 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
1630 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
1632 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
1633 blowfish192, blowfish256
1634 Integrity: md5, sha1
1635 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
1638 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
1639 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
1640 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
1641 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
1642 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
1643 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
1645 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
1646 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
1647 configuration examples).
1649 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
1650 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
1651 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
1652 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
1654 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
1655 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
1656 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
1657 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
1664 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
1665 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
1666 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
1667 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
1668 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
1669 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
1670 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
1671 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
1672 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
1679 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
1680 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
1681 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
1682 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
1683 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
1684 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
1685 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
1686 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
1687 in conjunction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
1688 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
1689 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
1690 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
1692 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
1693 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
1694 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
1695 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
1696 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
1697 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
1698 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
1699 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
1700 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
1703 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
1704 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
1705 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
1712 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
1713 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
1714 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
1715 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
1716 are required any more.
1718 - added support of DPD restart mode
1720 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
1721 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
1722 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
1724 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
1725 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
1731 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
1732 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
1734 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
1735 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
1736 via the auth=ah parameter.
1738 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
1739 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
1741 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
1742 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
1743 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
1744 the ipsec status command.
1750 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
1751 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
1752 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
1754 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
1755 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
1756 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
1758 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
1759 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
1761 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
1762 rightid="UN=John Doe"
1764 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
1765 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
1766 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
1773 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
1775 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
1777 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
1778 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
1779 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
1781 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
1782 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
1785 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
1786 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
1792 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
1793 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
1794 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
1800 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
1801 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
1802 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
1803 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
1804 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
1805 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
1806 accelerated tremedously.
1808 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
1809 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
1810 reload pluto's connections.
1812 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
1813 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
1814 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
1816 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
1818 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
1820 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
1821 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
1828 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
1829 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
1836 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
1837 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
1838 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
1839 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
1841 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
1842 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
1843 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
1844 has been changed from one year to five years.
1850 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
1851 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
1852 via the whack interface. Notation:
1854 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
1855 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1856 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1859 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
1860 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1861 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1864 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
1866 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
1867 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
1868 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
1869 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
1872 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
1873 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
1874 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
1875 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
1876 is automatically generated by calling the function
1878 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
1880 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
1881 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
1887 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
1888 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
1889 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
1890 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
1892 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
1893 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
1899 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
1900 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
1901 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
1902 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
1903 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
1905 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
1907 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
1908 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
1909 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
1912 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
1913 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
1914 attribute for AES encryption.
1916 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
1918 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
1924 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
1925 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
1926 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
1927 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
1928 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
1930 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
1931 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
1932 multiple connections between two security gateways.
1938 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
1939 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
1940 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
1941 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
1942 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
1943 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
1944 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
1945 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
1947 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
1948 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
1951 ipsec auto --listcards
1953 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
1954 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
1955 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
1956 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
1958 %smartcard (selects object #1)
1959 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
1960 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
1962 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
1964 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
1965 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
1966 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
1968 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
1969 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
1970 to generate a signature.
1972 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
1973 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
1974 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
1975 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
1976 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
1978 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
1979 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
1981 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
1982 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
1983 towards the release of the SCEP client.
1989 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
1990 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
1991 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
1992 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
1993 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
1994 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
1996 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
1997 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
1998 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
1999 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
2000 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
2001 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
2003 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
2004 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
2005 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
2011 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
2013 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
2019 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
2020 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
2022 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
2024 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
2025 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
2026 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
2028 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
2029 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
2036 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
2037 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
2040 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
2041 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
2042 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
2043 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
2044 pad has to be done only once.
2046 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
2047 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
2048 to be used with smart cards. Example:
2050 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
2052 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
2054 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
2055 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
2057 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
2058 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
2059 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
2061 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
2062 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
2063 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
2069 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
2070 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
2071 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
2072 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
2079 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
2081 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
2088 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
2089 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
2090 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
2091 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
2092 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
2093 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
2094 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
2096 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
2097 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
2098 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
2099 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
2100 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
2102 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
2103 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
2104 in a particular test.
2110 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
2111 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
2113 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
2115 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
2116 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
2119 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
2120 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
2121 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
2122 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
2128 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
2130 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
2131 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
2133 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
2136 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
2137 maximum udp size patches.
2139 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
2145 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
2146 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
2147 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
2148 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
2151 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
2152 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
2153 using the openac facility. For more details see
2157 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
2158 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
2159 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
2161 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
2163 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
2164 Research or Sales, only.
2166 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
2167 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
2168 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
2169 Secure Entry Clients.
2171 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
2172 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
2173 now both set to 24 h.
2175 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
2176 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
2178 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
2179 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
2180 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
2182 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
2188 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
2189 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
2190 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
2191 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
2193 - Fixed a bug occurring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
2194 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
2195 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
2197 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
2199 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
2200 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
2206 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
2207 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
2209 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occurring when the strict flag
2210 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
2212 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
2213 occurring when a smartcard is present.
2215 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
2217 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
2219 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
2225 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
2227 dpdaction=clear|hold
2229 activates DPD for the given connection.
2231 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
2232 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
2233 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
2235 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
2237 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
2239 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
2240 using the compile option VENDORID
2242 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
2244 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
2246 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
2248 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
2249 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
2251 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
2253 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
2260 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
2261 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
2262 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
2263 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
2264 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
2266 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
2267 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
2273 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
2274 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
2275 an optional connection selector:
2277 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
2279 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
2282 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
2283 of malformed distinguished names.
2285 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
2287 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
2289 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
2295 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
2296 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
2302 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
2303 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
2304 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
2310 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
2316 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
2319 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
2320 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
2321 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
2322 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
2323 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
2324 auto=add # add, ignore
2326 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
2328 ipsec auto --listcainfos
2330 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
2331 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
2337 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
2338 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
2340 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
2341 during kernel compilation
2343 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
2344 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
2346 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
2347 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
2348 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
2354 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
2355 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
2356 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
2357 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
2359 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
2360 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
2366 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12